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Objective: To provide an overview of retractions of research papers contributed by authors from the Arab region. Method: Papers in which the first author was affiliated to an Arabian country were selected from the Retraction Watch database covering the period 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2018. The retrieved records were divided into nine categories based on the reasons for retraction. Results: The search yielded 322 retractions, and the most frequent reason for retraction was plagiarism (34.5%). The median time from publication to retraction was 14 (25%-75% percentile 5-30) months. The number of papers retracted each year as well as the number of papers published in a given year but subsequently retracted increased steadily over the 21 years. The proportion of retracted papers to the total number of published papers (0.17%) was higher than the global proportion and was the highest for Algeria (1%) and the lowest for Lebanon (0.03%). Of the countries within the Arab region, 12 out of 14 countries showed either plagiarism or duplication as the most common reason for retraction; however, the countries differed in terms of the number of retractions and the time from publishing to retraction. Conclusion: Plagiarism was the most common cause of retraction in the Arab countries. The increase in the number of papers retracted each year was probably because searches now extend farther in the past, whereas the increase in the number of papers published in a given year but subsequently retracted can be attributed to the overall increase in the number of papers published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We would like to make some comments on the paper by Hamidatou et al. (2019). Initially, these comments are motivated to reveal that, previous results on probabilistic seismic hazard analyses, some of them computed and published by our research group, are wrongly quoted in the paper by these authors. In our opinion, some other points are worthy of debate, mainly, but not only, the used seismic source zone model, the used logic-tree, and also the comparison of estimated values of peak ground horizontal acceleration (PGA) with previous results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Prize Papers Collection held at the National Archives in Kew contains more than 280 letters and documents in Judeo-Arabic (Arabic written in Hebrew script) taken from the British cartel ship Venus in 1800. Most of the letters and documents belonged to Shlomo Bū Shaʿra, an Algerian Jewish merchant who travelled between Algeria and Europe on business during the late 18th century. This article introduces the Judeo-Arabic documents from the Prize Papers Collection. It applies a linguistic analysis to a sample of 15 letters and documents, and transcribes and translates three documents written in Arabic and Judeo-Arabic scripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In her first book, Jill Jarvis makes the case for literature's 'unexpected, disruptive, and surreptitious power to make ghosts perceptible, and to make possible what state violence has rendered nearly unimaginable' (2). Most notable is Jarvis' meticulously detailed investigation of a myriad of documents which makes her book a useful reference for scholars of North Africa. [Extracted from the article]

This paper aimed to develop a conceptual framework of factors affecting employees' innovative work behavior in Algeria petroleum sector. The study was conducted through a review of literature and document analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the connections between team climate for innovation dimensions (vision, participative safety, task orientation, support for innovation) (TCI), learning goal orientation (LGO) and innovative work behavior (IWB). Consequently, this study proposed a framework to study the effect of team climate for innovation on innovative work behavior via the mediation role of learning goal orientation. It has also been discussed how the variables directly affect one another. Therefore, it is anticipated that this publication will close the knowledge gap and add to the body of knowledge in this field of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An organization requires employees that are full of energy and interpersonal trust; they are passionate and enthusiastic about their jobs and are completely focused on their professional objectives. In other words, an organization requires a higher level of work engagement among its employees. As a result, it is becoming increasingly crucial for organizations to design in a way that allows employees to unleash their full potential and become more engaged at work. Organizations also need employees that are emotionally invested in their jobs and willing to go above and beyond to help their organizations succeed. The present study examines the link between job demands, positive emotions, and work engagement using the Broaden-and-Build theory and the job demands-resources model of work engagement. A cross-sectional poll was performed with more than 364 academicians from Algerian public institutions who were chosen using stratified random sampling. The current paper confirms previous findings on the relationship between job demands, positive emotions, and work engagement. The latest study backs up prior research on the link between job demands, positive emotions, and work engagement. As a consequence of these findings, managers may be able to boost employees' work engagement by focusing on people with lower job demands and more positive emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have kindly received the comments by Hamdache and Pelàez on our published paper (Hamidatou et al. 2019); This article will give us the opportunity to provide more explanation and clarifications on the methodology followed during our work. We find these comments and critiques helpful for our future works. However, most of them were generated from the misapprehension of the paper by the comment authors. These remarks were mainly based on (1) the misjudging of the seismic source zone model used in relation to the active faults in the study area, (2) suspecting that the probabilistic seismic hazard PGA values were wrongly quoted from their analyses in our work, and (3) the logic tree usage , for which we here provide further general clarifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present work is to characterize the olive pomace (physico-chemical and microbiological properties) of four regions known by their high production of olive oil in the north of Algeria and to valorize the lignocellulosic biomass as culture substrate for cellulases production using Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30. The results obtained show that the olive pomace is a favorable environment for the growth of fungi. The load of total aerobic mesophilic flora, yeasts and molds varies from 0.45×106 to 1.36×108 CFU/g DM and from 2×106 to 4.76×107 CFU/g DM, respectively. Physico-chemical parameters of the four regions revealed significant differences (p<0.05). The determination of filter paper activities of enzymatic extracts reveals that olive pomace from Jijel presented the best activity (0.78 U/gds). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2022 edition of NL4AI was co-located with the 21st International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AIxIA 2022) and took place on November 30th in Udine, Italy. The call for papers attracted 17 submissions by 52 different authors from Italy (44), the UK (2), Algeria (4), and Germany (2). After the review process, 13 of 17 papers were accepted for publication (acceptance rate 76.47%). In terms of topics, the contributions to the workshop span from pure NLP works to broader proposals bridging NLP with other AI applications. Among the accepted articles, we selected two that we considered the most relevant and inspiring for the Italian Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence communities. The authors of these papers have been invited to extend their contribution to this volume, creating an exclusive venue to provide visibility to their egregious work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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One of the main problems of urban governance in Algeria is bureaucracy. Based on the experience of other countries, the concept of smart cities is becoming increasingly important, including urban e-governance which is considered as an important corner stone of smart cities. Hence, e-governance is proposed as a new tool to solve urban governance problems. Its main objectives are focused on strengthening credibility and accountability. This paper tried to assess the ability of Algiers bay municipalities to adopt urban e-governance policies and to see strategies to be deployed to solve urban related problems. To achieve this goal, the work presented in this paper describes the development of a Smart Synthetic (SS) model that could serve as a tool for policy makers to assess their policies and to identify ways to solve urban problems. This 'SS model' is based on the findings of relevant, locally based case studies from the bay area, to which the model is later applied. In order to achieve this, the authors opted for a Multi-Attribute Value Theory method. The application of the model revealed that of a total of nine municipalities, four are in a position to adopt an urban e-governance policy. However, the remaining ones have not yet been able to adopt such a policy due to several barriers which are mainly related to the governance policy. The advantage of this model is therefore its flexibility. It could even be adapted to evaluate urban e-governance in other cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the MENA region, Algeria was one of the countries with the highest cases of COVID-19. However, like other transformative events in its recent history, the regime has resorted to a process of securitization that has allowed for the Algerian government to exploit the pandemic as a national security threat. This article drew on the concept of securitization to examine the Algerian response to the current COVID-19 pandemic. The paper will commence with an analysis of Algeria's securitization approaches to the Dark Decade and the Arab Spring. The paper will then argue that the Algerian process of securitization is a cyclic response utilized to reinforce the state's legitimacy and secure the regime's power. The paper will finally examine the implications of Algeria's securitization approach to COVID-19 on the Hirak movement, the regime, and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper considers the relationship between exile and migration as reflected in a case study of biblical exegesis in modern Jewish thought. I consider the place of the biblical figure of Joseph in an early text by Léon Askenazi (also known as Manitou), a North African kabbalist and French intellectual, and a key spiritual leader of Francophone Jewry in the second half of the twentieth century. The paper begins by locating Askenazi within the mass migration, or "repatriation", of the Algerian Jewish community to metropolitan France. I then examine and analyze the reinterpretation of Joseph in an early and unpublished text by Askenazi. I show how Askenazi's explication departs from a common reading of the Joseph story by recasting it as a positive diasporic narrative with direct contemporary implications. I argue that during Askenazi's early years in Paris, he sought to offer a "Josephic" model for Jewish life in postwar France, a model which also functioned as an alternative to the Zionist ethos of the negation of exile. The paper's conclusion reflects on how Askenazi's ideas may speak to conversations on religion and immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the development of electronic journalism in Algeria, specifically focusing on the transition from print media to electronic media. The study examines the political, economic, technological, and media aspects of each stage. It concludes that electronic journalism has gained prominence in Algeria, particularly due to the widespread use of smartphones and social media platforms. The article also discusses the challenges faced by electronic journalism in Algeria, such as technical issues and a lack of websites. Additionally, it explores the experiences of national newspapers in adopting electronic journalism and highlights the factors contributing to its development, including technology, legal regulations, economic challenges, and the influence of the Arab electronic press on public opinion. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Strategy & Development Review is the property of Strategy & Development Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the mena region, Algeria was one of the countries with the highest cases of covid- 19. However, like other transformative events in its recent history, the regime has resorted to a process of securitization that has allowed for the Algerian government to exploit the pandemic as a national security threat. This article drew on the concept of securitization to examine the Algerian response to the current covid-19 pandemic. The paper will commence with an analysis of Algeria's securitization approaches to the Dark Decade and the Arab Spring. The paper will then argue that the Algerian process of securitization is a cyclic response utilized to reinforce the state's legitimacy and secure the regime's power. The paper will finally examine the implications of Algeria's securitization approach to covid-19 on the Hirak movement, the regime, and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of tourism marketing in today's world heavily relies on the availability of information and communication infrastructure. Electronic media, social media, and digital applications play a vital role as global marketing strategies. The accessibility of electronic applications to diverse segments of society has prompted numerous companies to invest in this advantage, leveraging it to improve customer communication and promote their products and services. This research paper specifically explores the introduction of electronic tourism applications in Algeria and examines their significance in activating tourism marketing efforts. The main objective of this paper is to address the following question: How do tourism applications in Algeria contribute to the creation of effective marketing content that supports and fosters tourism development? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Journal publications written in English are a sina qua non condition for national and international recognition. Recent literature in applied linguistics and other fields has denounced the existence of some conventions and "rules" that govern a given research writing. That is, using a concise, clear and error-free language is demanded in order to increase accessibility and ease of understanding. With the aid of textual descriptive analysis, this paper attempts to review the most common linguistic reasons behind papers' rejection. Eight papers of Ph.D. computer science students were collected and analyzed qualitatively in order to diagnose the main problems and challenges Ph.D. students face while writing for scholarly publication. Other than other linguistic lacunes, it is found out that the authors had problems mainly with using the right tone, choosing the correct words and the adequate tense use. Indeed, the results of this study are supposed to be of some use to writers who want to know what writing conventions, if there are any, are adequate for paper publication. Finally, some recommendations related to students' problems in writing for scholarly publication are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Biskra is ranked the second city in Algeria with the highest traffic accident rate. There are multiple causes of accidents that derive from the diversity of traffic. In addition, its geographical location as a crossroads between the northeast and the south of Algeria is a major factor. Biskra is also considered a commercial and industrial city that receives daily large flows of travellers and merchandise. Traffic accidents are a complex problems that is dealt with in several approaches. In this research, from a geographical point of view, we will contribute to improve the trajectory of intervention and evacuation. Therefore, this research paper aims to create a geodatabase including the road network with associated entities to carry out spatiotemporal analyses and evaluate the service area of health facilities in terms of the nearest path. This paper uses GIS tools for evacuation to the public hospital employing a Network Analyst. This study may serve as a decision-making aid for the local authorities of this city in terms of evacuation and intervention in the event of a road accident. It provides real-time information on the location of the accident and the nearest path along with an estimated time. The outputs of these analyses can determine a map of accessibility, which allows for training in order to improve the real-time evacuation. As a result, this approach will lead to the reduction of evacuation time by less than 10 minutes, and thus leading to a decrease in the number of fatalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diffusion of independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) in utilities sectors in developing countries is underpinned by the idea that IRAs are highly effective institutional devices to signal policy credibility to private investors. But is it really so? Institutional economists tend to confirm the effectiveness of IRAs, while also highlighting the many factors that condition its positive impact on investments. Acknowledging the importance of interaction effects, this paper proposes to shift the level of analysis, moving away from IRAs to look at the overall complementarity between policy objectives, instruments, and the wider political context. In sum, it argues that IRAs are, as such, irrelevant. What matters instead is policy coherence. A comparison between two case studies on electricity policy reforms in Algeria and Morocco lends credit to the policy coherence approach. It shows that policy incoherence may deprive IRAs from any impact on sectoral evolution and that there are effective alternatives to IRA to signal policy credibility and attract investors. The paper concludes by suggesting practitioners to relax the focus on preconceived policy solutions, to be open to alternative policy approaches and to focus on helping developing countries designing coherent policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, the concept of base isolation has gained prominence as a prospective methodology for safeguarding structures against severe seismic events and wind forces. Many international building codes have recognized its effectiveness and incorporated relevant sections. This paper aims to demonstrate the exceptional performance of Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) isolation systems through an extensive parametric study. The study showcases a significant reduction in various response parameters and emphasizes the substantial energy dissipation capabilities of the LRB system. These compelling results underscore the urgent need to develop a novel design methodology for isolated buildings in alignment with Algerian seismic regulations, which currently lack provisions for this advanced technique. The research introduces an innovative approach for LRB isolators, employing the equivalent static method. This technique is characterized by its utilization of an iterative procedure for adjusting the isolator's displacement in accordance with the mechanical and geometric attributes of the structure. To validate the proposed model, a comprehensive parametric study was conducted on a building designed in compliance with several international codes, including IBC 2000, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Taiwanese, and Algerian codes. The results stemming from this innovative design methodology closely align with the requirements of these international codes, affirming its global applicability and relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the crystallization kinetics of local bentonite taken from the Maghnia region of Algeria after conducting the toasting process to powder with different temperature degrees 200, 400, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1000°C and 1100°C. The material was examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) at different heating rates (10–50°C/min), and X ray diffraction (XRD). We used also Infrared Spectroscopy to detect the vibrations characteristic of the chemical bonds and to analyze the molecules forming the material. Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM) has been used to investigate the bentonite microstructure revealing granules shape and distribution. We have applied Non-isothermal crystallization kinetic methods to study the mechanism of crystallization in the bentonite. After a calcinations process at 200°C and 700°C of the bentonite, X-ray diffraction data showed a decrease in the basal spacing (d001) from 12.72 Å of room temperature to about 11.98 Å and 9.93 Å respectively. We also observed the disappearance of the diffraction peaks represented by the d001 interval, which expresses the montmorillonite phase after calcination of samples at 800°C. The average activation energy has been determined by Kissinger method (221.046 kJ/mol), Ozawa method (225.557 kJ/mol) and Boswell method (229.356 kJ/mol). Growth morphology parameters and the frequency factor for the reaction of the dehydroxylation at different temperatures have been measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every country attempts to improve its balance of payments (BOP) position to enhance macroeconomic policy. Algeria, like many developing countries, is experiencing a BOP deficit. This raises concerns about the reasons for this deficit and prioritizes the quest for potential answers. In the context of the Monetary Approach to the balance of payments (MABP), this paper investigates the long-run relationship between domestic credit, inflation, interest rate, GDP, and net foreign assets to find whether BOP is a monetary phenomenon in Algeria from 1980 to 2019. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test, combined with the critical approximation p-values of Kripfganz and Schneider (2020), has been applied. The findings clearly showed a long-run relationship among the variables. The long-run estimates strongly supported MABP propositions, and domestic credit had a negative and statistically significant influence on net foreign assets. This suggests that Algeria's BOP is a monetary phenomenon, and excess money supply played a crucial role in Algeria's balance of payments disequilibrium. The contribution of this paper is the use of the ARDL bounds test in combination with the novel critical approximation p-values of Kripfganz and Schneider (2020), which provided more robust results. This study could help monetary authorities to elaborate the suitable policies in dealing with BOP problems in Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is motivated by the pressing need to understand how water use and irrigated agriculture can be transformed in the interests of both social and environmental sustainability. How can such change come about? In particular, given the generally mixed results of simplified, state-initiated projects of social engineering, what is the potential for transformations in societal regimes of governance to be anchored in the everyday practices of farmers? In this paper, we address these enduring questions in novel ways. We argue that the concept of bricolage, commonly applied to analysing community management of resources, can be developed and deployed to explain broad societal processes of change. To illustrate this, we draw on case studies of irrigated agriculture in Saharan areas of Algeria and in the occupied Golan Heights in Syria. Our case analysis offers insights into how processes of institutional, technological and ideational bricolage entwine, how the state becomes implicated in them and how multiple instances of bricolage accumulate over time to produce meaningful systemic change. In concluding, however, we reflect on the greater propensity of contemporary bricolage to rebalance power relations than to open the way to more ecological farming practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Financial, Accounting & Managerial Studies is the property of Journal of Financial, Accounting & Managerial Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper identifies shared contents related to COVID-19 by Algerian Facebook users and aims to categorize them according to their level of truthfulness and harm. In addition, the paper reveals how the content and linguistic features contribute to the verification of the shared information’s (dis)factuality and (in)validity. A corpus of Facebook infodemic in Algeria (CoFIA) is compiled for the analysis. First, a factual analysis is conducted for the purpose of infodemic categorization into mis-, dis-, and mal-information. Second, a qualitative content analysis is used to highlight the harm of the information type by discussing major linguistic features found in those categories of information. Online fact-checking tools supported the confirmation of information disorders. Misinformation found in CoFIA was 46.77 %, disinformation was 36.22 %, and mal-information was 22 %. Besides, the content and linguistic aspects of the posts contributed to a considerable extent to the verification of the information type and the actors’ intentions to mislead and/or harm. Algerian Facebook users and even official pages did not recognize the risks of misinformation with the COVID-19 outbreak. Raising public awareness about the impacts of information on social media was recommended to precede such a health emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study systematically reviewed the literature on the bioactivities and phytochemical profile of Genista tridentata (L.) Willk, which is an edible plant used in folk medicine. Four databases (PubMed, GoogleScholar, Repositórios Cientificos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), and ScienceDirect) were searched from inception up to 31 December 2022. Among 34 eligible papers, the flowers and aerial parts were extensively studied, with aqueous extracts being the most commonly used. The findings suggest that Genista tridentata has high potential as a natural source of antioxidants and preservatives for the food/cosmetic industry, offering health benefits. Additionally, its year-round collectability provides an advantage for industrial applications. Genista tridentata (L.) Willk., known as "prickled broom", is a Leguminosae (Fabaceae) species native to the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. It is used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, for gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders, rheumatism, and headaches, to lower blood pressure, against hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the bioactivities and phytochemical profile of Genista tridentata to understand its pharmacological potential. For this, four electronic databases (PubMed, GoogleScholar, Repositórios Cientificos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCCAP), and ScienceDirect) were searched from inception up to 31 December 2022. From a total of 264 potentially eligible studies considered for screening, 34 papers were considered eligible for this systematic review. The sampling included 71 extracts, collected mainly in Portugal. Genista tridentata extracts present a high level of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The flowers and aerial parts of the plant were the most studied, and aqueous extracts were the most used. The results predict a high potential for the application of Genista tridentata as a new source of natural antioxidants and preservatives for the food industry with subsequent health benefits, such as the production of nutraceuticals. Moreover, the results indicate that the plant can be collected at all seasons of the year, which represents a benefit for the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to develop preliminary damage scenarios for unreinforced masonry buildings located in low to moderate seismic hazard areas in Algeria, taking into account the specific site effects. Design/methodology/approach: Three soil types were considered in this analysis according to the definition of the Algerian seismic code (RPA99/2003). Peak ground acceleration values were assigned to each soil type issued from a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). To highlight the effect of soil conditions on the seismic vulnerability analysis of masonry buildings, a site vulnerability increment is carried out, and the macroseismic Risk-UE method has been adopted and applied by developing two main seismic scenarios according to both return periods of the PSHA, 100 and 475 years, respectively. Findings: Based on the preliminary results of rock site condition, it can be outlined that the significant damage obtained for different earthquake scenarios discovered a substantial worldwide seismic risk to the building stock of the study area. Once the site effect is integrated into the analysis, more high values of vulnerability indexes and expected damages are obtained. Moreover, it can be concluded that soft soil (S3) is a little bit more influential than stiff soil (S2) on the final vulnerability index compared to (S1). However, the difference between the soil effect S2 and S3 on the vulnerability index can be neglected. Research limitations/implications: Researchers are encouraged to test the mechanical approaches for more detailed outcomes of a specific building analysis. Practical implications: This research proves to the Algerian decision-makers that due to the site effects and the vulnerability of the masonry buildings, an urgent intervention program is required even for existing buildings located in low to moderate seismic hazard areas. Originality/value: Several seismic vulnerability types of research have been conducted in Algeria for the unreinforced masonry buildings in moderate to high seismic areas in which generally the soil effect is neglected. In this context, this research paper proves that due to the site effects and the vulnerability of the masonry buildings, special attention is required even for existing buildings located in low to moderate seismic hazard areas. With this conclusion, the requirement of taking into account the soli effect in the high seismic areas is even more pronounced and should be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This research paper examines the implementation of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in Algerian higher education. The shift towards using English as the main language of instruction in universities has significant implications for education in Algeria. The paper explores the reasons for this change, the challenges it presents, and strategies for success. It emphasizes the importance of supporting content teachers and addressing the challenges of transitioning to EMI. The motivations for implementing EMI include asserting linguistic independence, improving research visibility, enhancing global competitiveness, and preparing students for international markets. However, there are challenges such as low proficiency in English among teachers and students, resistance to the shift, lack of suitable teaching materials, and time constraints. The paper suggests solutions such as comprehensive language training programs, developing appropriate teaching materials, and creating a supportive classroom environment. Collaboration between content teachers and English language teachers is also highlighted as crucial for supporting students' language development. A gradual transition to EMI is recommended, focusing on needs assessment, language development and training, curriculum adaptation, and creating a supportive learning environment. The study concludes that while EMI offers opportunities for students and teachers, careful planning and support are necessary for its success. [Extracted from the article]

This research paper examines the use of the MOODLE online learning platform in higher education in Algeria during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The study includes interviews with EFL teachers from the Ecole Normale Supérieure of Constantine who taught various English subjects at different levels. The findings indicate that relying on a single platform may not be effective for teaching different subjects. The paper concludes with recommendations from experts to enhance the use of MOODLE, including addressing challenges such as lack of knowledge, training, and interactive tools. The article discusses the use of MOODLE during the pandemic, highlighting teachers' perceptions and experiences. The study reveals themes of uncertainty, dissatisfaction, lack of digital skills, challenging oneself, students' unawareness, and empowerment and self-determinism. Teachers expressed both positive and negative attitudes towards MOODLE, with some facing challenges due to lack of training and the nature of their subjects. The study concludes that while MOODLE was useful during the pandemic, improvements are needed for more effective use. The article also discusses the challenges faced by teachers in the Algerian context, emphasizing the need for access to multiple learning management systems that cater to specific subject needs. Recommendations include modifying the MOODLE interface, addressing internet connectivity issues, providing instant notifications to students, and offering training and guidance to both teachers and students. The authors stress the importance of digital literacy and active student engagement in the e-learning process. [Extracted from the article]

The main aim of this research paper is to examine empirically the link between public investment in human capital and economic growth in Algeria over the period 1990-2017. In fact, public authorities spend annually considerable funds to make both education and health available for all citizens as they are vital elements for a better life. This political action which is well understood from social perspective should have also some economic benefits especially in terms economic growth. Scholars strongly argued the crucial importance of investing in human capital to spur growth. In this context, the current paper tends to assess the impact of public spending devoted to human capital components on economic growth in Algeria. To do so, the study used annual time series data of government expenditures on these two sectors ranged from 1990 to 2017, and employs for estimation the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The main finding of this paper is that there is no cointegrating relationship between these two variables in the long run. This result is in line with many previous studies in Algeria as well as in other developing countries. This basically supports the idea that spending on education and health would not inevitably lead to growth. The lessons learnt from the experience of emerging economies denote that there are a series of preliminary conditions that should be set up to make the association between public investment in human capital and growth possible. Government spending alone cannot induce economic growth if corruption prevails and resources are inefficiently allocated. Also, it is the quality of health and education that matters. In Algeria, despite of the considerable funding of education and health sectors, the quality of service offered inside schools and hospitals is still poor. Thus, increasing numbers of doctors leave the country because they believe that work conditions are not suitable. Many Patients also prefer to join foreign hospitals because they believe that local medical service is somewhat unsatisfactory. Likewise, a great number of university students choose to join foreign universities to pursue their higher studies because they consider the quality of local universities is poor. Based on this evidence, policymakers are invited to take into consideration these conditions among others in order to strengthen the impact of public investment in human capital on economic growth in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seminal roots are known to play an important role in crop performance, particularly under drought conditions. A set of 37 durum wheat cultivars and local landraces was screened for variation in architecture and size of seminal roots using a laboratory setting, with a filter paper method combined with image processing by SmartRoot software. Significant genetic variability was detected for all root and shoot traits assessed. Four rooting patterns were identified, with landraces showing overall steeper angle and higher root length, in comparison with cultivars, which presented a wider root angle and shorter root length. Some traits revealed trends dependent on the genotypes' year of release, like increased seminal root angle and reduced root size (length, surface, and volume) over time. We confirm the presence of a remarkable diversity of root traits in durum wheat whose relationship with adult root features and agronomic performance should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper is heading towards an unexplored area in Algeria. It is the technical method of courses; our hypothesis was that the courses may not meet the standards of e-learning, which weakens the communication process. Given that the course in e-learning is a design, this design is the least necessary to establish this process of communication. Indeed, after the examination of open courses and after applying the basic criteria that must be available in e-learning courses, i.e., the three systems: the entry system, the learning system, and the evaluation system-which are recommended by the ministry of higher education and what the platform of Moodle supports for "dynamic learning" to increase communication-we note that the sample courses are far from the standards of the three systems, with some differences in the results of the three systems: For the entry system, the majority of courses do not have an entry system; concerning the learning system, the majority of courses have it but remain very low; as for the evaluation system, the overwhelming majority do not have an evaluation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically examines the vital role of historiography in upholding national identity components amidst the complexities of the globalization era. It underscores the necessity of historiography and historical knowledge in comprehending and confronting the realities and challenges posed by globalization. The study advocates for a strategic preservation of the core aspects and constants of identity through a well-developed historical epistemological approach. This approach is deemed essential for the intellectual development and resilience of future generations, equipping them to navigate the challenges presented by an age defined by digital cognition and the information revolution. The aim is to reinforce their identity, providing a bulwark against its dilution in the face of globalizing influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The tourism industry necessitates comprehensive planning programs and forward-looking studies to ensure the successful and effective management of tourism resources. Although Algeria is endowed with an array of natural, historical, and civilizational tourism assets, its tourism strategies continue to be hindered by deficiencies in service quality, which have yet to meet the expectations of foreign tourists in particular. From this perspective, the research paper seeks to develop a visionary and future-oriented approach to harness and capitalize on Algeria’s diverse and unique cultural heritage for the advancement of a heritage tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Journalism is considered a fundamental tool in disseminating culture, shaping intellectual eliteand reinforcing them through the presentation of news, information, and ideas in the fields of literature, arts, and sciences. It also plays a role in preserving and developing heritage. This role was prominent in Algerian journalism before independence, as it protected Algerian culture and intellectuals, promoted awareness, strengthened the sense of belonging, and fought various forms of cultural distortion. Many national titles emerged, such as the journalism of the Association of Muslim Ulema (Scholars)and reformist journalism. After independence, with the emergence of political and media pluralism and openness, the cultural role of newspapers did not change significantly but was confined to cultural pages and literary supplements of many public and private newspapers. This was aimed at presenting Algerian cultural heritage, preserving it, and supporting Algerian writers and intellectuals to strengthen Algerian cultural movements and thus build an authentic, solid, and strong Algerian cultural identity. Despite the financial, intellectual, and racial challenges, Algerian newspapers still play a decisive and strategic role in the process of cultural change and highlighting the cultural and intellectual structures existing in Algerian society. Based on the above, we aim to answer the following questions in our paper: - How did cultural journalism contribute to preserving Algerian intellectual and cultural identity? - What is the current status of cultural journalism in Algeria after independence? - What are the challenges faced by national journalism in supporting Algerian culture after independence?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the mechanism of the commitment to disclosure. Both professionals and physicians bear the crucial responsibility of providing information that is not only accurate but also understandable and appropriate for the intended patient or consumer. By mirroring its international counterparts, Algerian law mandates this duty, attaching legal consequences for its breach. Before any medical intervention, a doctor must obtain the patient’s consent, fulfi lling an essential preliminary step. Likewise, before initiating a sales process, a professional must inform the consumer about all necessary details regarding the product or goods. This paper delineates the extensive aspects of this obligation, including its defi ning features, evidentiary requirements, and the nature of the resultant damages from non-adherence. The aim is to recalibrate the balance of power within medical and consumer interactions, thereby augmenting the safeguarding of patients and consumers. This duty is considered one of the fundamental rights of patients and consumers, linked to ethical and humanitarian responsibilities, and is a precursor to obtaining consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this paper is to discuss and examine the relationship between intellectual capital and financial services and to show if the financial sector is positively influenced by intellectual capital. We used the descriptive analytical approach assuming that there is a positive effect of the independent variable which is intellectual capital on the dependent variable which is financial services. The result of SPSS program (version 21) indicated that there is a weak direct correlation and a significant effect at a weak rate estimated at 9, 6% between intellectual capital and the improvement of financial service in Algerian banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Sciences Journal / Revue des Sciences Humaines is the property of Universite des Freres Mentouri Constantine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)