109,263 results
Search Results
102. Comparison of Paper- and Web-Based Dietary Records: A Pilot Study.
- Author
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Benedik, Evgen, Koroušić Seljak, Barbara, Simčič, Marjan, Rogelj, Irena, Bratanič, Borut, Ding, Eric L., Orel, Rok, and Fidler Mis, Nataša
- Subjects
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COMPARATIVE studies , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICS , *WORLD Wide Web , *PILOT projects , *DATA analysis , *FOOD diaries , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Background/Aims: Paper-based dietary records (Paper-DR) can be replaced by web-based dietary records (Web-DR) in both epidemiological studies and clinical practice to reduce the time and logistic burden. We aimed to compare Paper-DR and Web-DR. Methods: We compared the matching of different food items (n = 1,103) from Paper-DR and Web-DR for energy and 48 nutrients among 16 pregnant volunteers, with DR for the same individuals matched for the same 4 days. Paper-DR were coded into the web-based version (referred to as Paper-Web-DR) independently by the same research dietitian. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test comparing mean rank differences, Spearman's ρ to measure associations and Bland-Altman limits of agreement to evaluate the level of agreement between the two dietary methods across the range of parameters were used. Volunteers also completed an evaluation questionnaire regarding the user acceptability of Paper-DR and Web-DR. Results: A high correlation between Paper-DR and Web-DR was noted. There were statistically insignificant differences among 45 nutrients, except for free sugars (p < 0.001), α-linolenic acid (p = 0.041), folate (p = 0.036) and pantothenic acid (p = 0.023). Volunteers found the Paper-DR equally time-consuming as the Web-DR. The majority of the volunteers (75%) preferred the Web-DR. Conclusions: Paper-DR and Web-DR were comparable across a range of nutritional parameters, with a few exceptions. The Web-DR was more convenient for the majority and has substantial logistic and cost advantages. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. Research needs in allergy: an EAACI position paper, in collaboration with EFA
- Author
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François Spertini, James Gardner, Felicia Manole, Annalisa Santucci, Bodo Niggemann, Ronald Vanree, Victoria Cardona, Breda Flood, Roger Lauener, Michael R. Perkin, Franziska Ruëff, Hans Jürgen Hoffmann, Adriano Mari, B Schnyder, Aline B. Sprikkelman, Jürgen Schwarze, Marcin Kurowski, Margitta Worm, Lilit Hovhannisyan, Clive Grattan, B. M. Bilo, Javier Fernández, Matteo Bonini, Darío Antolín-Amérigo, Marta Ferrer, Stefano Del Giacco, Fulvio Braido, Svetlana Sergejeva, Jon Genuneit, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Paraskevi Mangina, Carsten Flohr, Gianni Passalacqua, Nicolette W. deJong, Filippo Fassio, Antonella Muraro, Jan Demonchy, Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber, Paraskevi Xepapadaki, Radoslaw Spiewak, Alexandra F. Santos, Moises A. Calderon, Chrysanthi Skevaki, Roberta Savli, Montserrat Fernandez Rivas, Liam O'Mahony, Susanna Palkonen, Eckard Hamelmann, Paula Robson-Ansley, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Lars K. Poulsen, Miguel Blanca, Enrico Heffler, Jean-Luc Fauquert, Thomas Werfel, Maia Rukhadze, Constantinos Pitsios, Peter Burney, Frode L. Jahnsen, Elina Toskala, Ines Swoboda, Cemal Cingi, Pascal Demoly, Marek Jutel, Ingrid Terreehorst, Nikolaos Douladiris, Alberto Papi, Susanne Lau, Jean-Christoph Roger J-P Caubet, George N. Konstantinou, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, Gianenrico Senna, Valérie Hox, Sevcan Celenk, Kirsty Logan, Gunnar Nilsson, Clare Mills, Claudio Rhyner, Andrea Siracusa, Jeroen Buters, Paul Whitacker, Sevim Bavbek, Antti Lauerma, Edward F. Knol, Heidi Makrinioti, Mariana Couto, Cezmi A. Akdis, Antoine Magnan, Cansin Sackesen, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Berber Vlieg-Boerstra, Ulrike Raap, Knut Brockow, Philippe Gevaert, Gunter J. Sturm, Carina Venter, Santiago Quirce, Sven Seys, Philippe Eigenmann, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Rodrigo Rodrigues Alves, Jacques Gayraud, Christian Scharf, Monika Raulf-Heimsoth, Serena O'Neil, Ioana Agache, Markus Ollert, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Francesco Annunziato, Odilija Rudzeviciene, Gianni Pala, Oliver Pfaar, Christian Apfelbacher, Massimo Triggiani, Ervinç Mingomataj, Patrizia Bonadonna, Joanna Makowska, Carmen Rondon, Gabriele Rumi, Lars-Olaf Cardell, Anna Groblewska, Pia Allegri, Milena Sokolowska, Zeljka Roje, Ömer Kalayci, Peter Hellings, Graham Roberts, Jan Lötvall, Angel Mazon, Adnan Custovic, Indre Butiene, Ewa Cichocka-Jarosz, Isabel Skypala, Ayse Fusun Kalpaklioglu, Onur Boyman, Ewa Bogacka, Medical Research Council (MRC), Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Transylvania University, Ankara University, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti, Allergy & Respiratory Diseases Clinic - DIMI, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Respiratory Research Group, University of Manchester [Manchester]-School of Translational Medicine, Department of Allergology, University Hospital Groningen, Département Pneumologie et Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Pediatric Allergy Unit, Geneva University Hospital (HUG)-Children's Hospital, Allergologie, Polyclinique de l'Ormeau, Dermatology Centre, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, Department of Dermatology/Allergology (G02* 124), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gothenburg (GU)-Krefting Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Laboratory of Medical Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Gentofte-Allergy Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Allergy Unit - Department of Dermatology, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Neurologica Clinic, Università degli Studi di Salerno = University of Salerno (UNISA)-University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), European Federation of Allergy (EFA), Airways Diseases Patients' Associations, Ophthamology epmn, Uveitis Center-Rapallo Hospital, Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI)-DENOTHE Center, Allergology, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universität Regensburg (UR), Research Laboratory, Carlos Hava Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, Geriatrics and Allergology, University of Medicine, Allergy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Lung Function Unit-University of Rome, Department of Dermatology, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute [UK], Center of Allergy & Environment (CK-CARE, ZAUM), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Vilnius University [Vilnius]-Faculty of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London-Faculty of Medicine-Royal Brompton Hospital, Division of ENT diseases, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]-Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm]-Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva-Medical School of the University of Geneva, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science-Uludağ Üniversitesi = Uludag University, Chair and Department of Pediatrics, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar São João EPE, ErasmusMC, Department of Medical Sciences 'M. Aresu', University of Cagliari, Allergologia ed Immunologia Clinica, Careggi Hospital, Pédiatre A, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, UMH University, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad de Navarra, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London], Royal Free Hospital [London, UK], Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Ghent University Hospital, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute [Lodz] (ICZMP), Klinik für Kinder und Jugendmedizin, St. Josef Hospital Ruhr University, Aarhus University Hospital, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital-Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Allergie- & Asthma-Zentrum Berlin Westend, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Hochgebirgsklinik, Davos-Wolfgang, Skin and Allergy Hospital, King‘s College London, Unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax (ITX-lab), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), University of Oradea, Center for Molecular Allergology, IDI-IRCCS, Unit of Pediatric allergy and Pneumology, Children's Hospital La Fe, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Mother Theresa School of Medicine, German Red Cross Hospital Westend, Centre for Allergy Research at Karolinska Institutet, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Allergy and Immunology Unit, Fondazione 'Salvatore Maugeri', University of Ferrara at St. Anna Hospital, Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Internal Medicine Pad Maragliano, Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden, University Hospital Mannheim, Dietetics and Nutritional Science Dept, Harokopio University, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), School of Life Sciences, University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], Hospital Divino Espirito Santo de Ponta Delgada, ENT Department, University Hospital Split, Hospital Civil, Nr. 101 - Odilija Rudzeviciene, Vilnius University [Vilnius], Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Center of Allergy & Immunology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Department of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Immunoallergology Department, Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Rimini Infermi Hospital, Greifswald University Hospital, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, ZAUM, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Edinburgh, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Leuven-Catholic University Hospitals-Clinical Immunology, Occupational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG)-Terni Hospital, Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health - NIH, Division of Immunology and Allergy [Lausanne, Suisse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Department of Experimental Dermatology and Cosmetology, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Medical University Graz, Department of ENT and Pediatrics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Allergy Research Centre, The David Hide Asthma, SpR, St James's hospital, University of Genoa (UNIGE), Children's Hospital-Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Wroclaw Medical University, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II-Università degli Studi di Salerno (UNISA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)-DENOTHE Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), ROyal Free Hospital, Royal Free Hospital, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tartu University, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG)-Terni Hospital, BMC, Ed., Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Eigenmann, Philippe, Caubet, Jean-Christoph Roger J-P, Ear, Nose and Throat, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Paediatric Pulmonology, and Other Research
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,allergic diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,[SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology ,Allergy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immunology ,Translational research ,Disease ,research funding ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Disease registry ,Excellence ,Position Article and Guidelines ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Research needs ,ddc:610 ,Intensive care medicine ,030304 developmental biology ,media_common ,0303 health sciences ,ddc:618 ,business.industry ,Allergic diseases ,Public health ,RC581-607 ,allergy ,C600 ,Biobank ,3. Good health ,research needs ,Europe ,Policy ,Research funding ,030228 respiratory system ,[SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology ,Position paper ,Professional association ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business ,policy - Abstract
In less than half a century, allergy, originally perceived as a rare disease, has become a major public health threat, today affecting the lives of more than 60 million people in Europe, and probably close to one billion worldwide, thereby heavily impacting the budgets of public health systems. More disturbingly, its prevalence and impact are on the rise, a development that has been associated with environmental and lifestyle changes accompanying the continuous process of urbanization and globalization. Therefore, there is an urgent need to prioritize and concert research efforts in the field of allergy, in order to achieve sustainable results on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this most prevalent chronic disease of the 21st century.The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is the leading professional organization in the field of allergy, promoting excellence in clinical care, education, training and basic and translational research, all with the ultimate goal of improving the health of allergic patients. The European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations (EFA) is a non-profit network of allergy, asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) patients' organizations. In support of their missions, the present EAACI Position Paper, in collaboration with EFA, highlights the most important research needs in the field of allergy to serve as key recommendations for future research funding at the national and European levels.Although allergies may involve almost every organ of the body and an array of diverse external factors act as triggers, there are several common themes that need to be prioritized in research efforts. As in many other chronic diseases, effective prevention, curative treatment and accurate, rapid diagnosis represent major unmet needs. Detailed phenotyping/endotyping stands out as widely required in order to arrange or re-categorize clinical syndromes into more coherent, uniform and treatment-responsive groups. Research efforts to unveil the basic pathophysiologic pathways and mechanisms, thus leading to the comprehension and resolution of the pathophysiologic complexity of allergies will allow for the design of novel patient-oriented diagnostic and treatment protocols. Several allergic diseases require well-controlled epidemiological description and surveillance, using disease registries, pharmacoeconomic evaluation, as well as large biobanks. Additionally, there is a need for extensive studies to bring promising new biotechnological innovations, such as biological agents, vaccines of modified allergen molecules and engineered components for allergy diagnosis, closer to clinical practice. Finally, particular attention should be paid to the difficult-to-manage, precarious and costly severe disease forms and/or exacerbations. Nonetheless, currently arising treatments, mainly in the fields of immunotherapy and biologicals, hold great promise for targeted and causal management of allergic conditions. Active involvement of all stakeholders, including Patient Organizations and policy makers are necessary to achieve the aims emphasized herein. ispartof: Clinical and Translational Allergy vol:2 issue:1 pages:21- ispartof: location:England status: published
- Published
- 2012
104. Score equivalence of paper-, tablet-, and interactive voice response system-based versions of PROMIS, PRO-CTCAE, and numerical rating scales among cancer patients.
- Author
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Lee, Minji K., Beebe, Timothy J., Yost, Kathleen J., Eton, David T., Novotny, Paul J., Dueck, Amylou C., Frost, Marlene, and Sloan, Jeff A.
- Subjects
INTERACTIVE voice response (Telecommunication) ,MENTAL health of cancer patients ,TABLET computers ,MENTAL depression ,COMPUTER software ,ACQUISITION of data ,ELECTRODIAGNOSIS ,RESEARCH evaluation ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,AUTOMATIC speech recognition ,CANCER patients ,COMPARATIVE studies ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUALITY of life ,DATA analysis software ,PORTABLE computers ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Background: The study tests the effects of data collection modes on patient responses associated with the multi-item measures such as Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System (PROMIS
® ), and single-item measures such as Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE), and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) measures. Methods: Adult cancer patients were recruited from five cancer centers and administered measures of anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain intensity, pain interference, ability to participate in social roles and activities, global mental and physical health, and physical function. Patients were randomized to complete the measures on paper (595), interactive voice response (IVR, 596) system, or tablet computer (589). We evaluated differential item functioning (DIF) by method of data collection using the R software package, lordif. For constructs that showed no DIF, we concluded equivalence across modes if the equivalence margin, defined as ± 0.20 × pooled SD, completely surrounds 95% confidence intervals (CI's) for difference in mean score. If the 95% CI fell totally outside the equivalence margin, we concluded systematic score difference by modes. If the 95% CI partly overlaps the equivalence margin, we concluded neither equivalence nor difference. Results: For all constructs, no DIF of any kind was found for the three modes. The scores on paper and tablet were more comparable than between IVR and other modes but none of the 95% CI's were completely outside the equivalence margins, in which we established neither equivalence nor difference. Percentages of missing values were comparable for paper and tablet modes. Percentages of missing values were higher for IVR (2.3% to 6.5% depending on measures) compared to paper and tablet modes (0.7% to 3.3% depending on measures and modes), which was attributed to random technical difficulties experienced in some centers. Conclusion: Across all mode comparisons, there were some measures with CI's not completely contained within the margin of small effect. Two visual modes agreed more than visual-auditory pairs. IVR may induce differences in scores unrelated to constructs being measured in comparison with paper and tablet. The users of the surveys should consider using IVR only when paper and computer administration is not feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
105. Research needs in allergy: an EAACI position paper, in collaboration with EFA
- Author
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Papadopoulos Nikolaos G, Agache Ioana, Bavbek Sevim, Bilo Beatrice M, Braido Fulvio, Cardona Victoria, Custovic Adnan, deMonchy Jan, Demoly Pascal, Eigenmann Philippe, Gayraud Jacques, Grattan Clive, Heffler Enrico, Hellings Peter W, Jutel Marek, Knol Edward, Lötvall Jan, Muraro Antonella, Poulsen Lars K, Roberts Graham, Schmid-Grendelmeier Peter, Skevaki Chrysanthi, Triggiani Massimo, vanRee Ronald, Werfel Thomas, Flood Breda, Palkonen Susanna, Savli Roberta, Allegri Pia, Annesi-Maesano Isabella, Annunziato Francesco, Antolin-Amerigo Dario, Apfelbacher Christian, Blanca Miguel, Bogacka Ewa, Bonadonna Patrizia, Bonini Matteo, Boyman Onur, Brockow Knut, Burney Peter, Buters Jeroen, Butiene Indre, Calderon Moises, Cardell Lars, Caubet Jean-Christoph, Celenk Sevcan, Cichocka-Jarosz Ewa, Cingi Cemal, Couto Mariana, deJong Nicolette, Del Giacco Stefano, Douladiris Nikolaos, Fassio Filippo, Fauquert Jean-Luc, Fernandez Javier, Rivas Montserrat, Ferrer Marta, Flohr Carsten, Gardner James, Genuneit Jon, Gevaert Philippe, Groblewska Anna, Hamelmann Eckard, Hoffmann Hans, Hoffmann-Sommergruber Karin, Hovhannisyan Lilit, Hox Valérie, Jahnsen Frode L, Kalayci Ömer, Kalpaklioglu Ayse, Kleine-Tebbe Jörg, Konstantinou George, Kurowski Marcin, Lau Susanne, Lauener Roger, Lauerma Antti, Logan Kirsty, Magnan Antoine, Makowska Joanna, Makrinioti Heidi, Mangina Paraskevi, Manole Felicia, Mari Adriano, Mazon Angel, Mills Clare, Mingomataj ErvinÇ, Niggemann Bodo, Nilsson Gunnar, Ollert Markus, O'Mahony Liam, O'Neil Serena, Pala Gianni, Papi Alberto, Passalacqua Gianni, Perkin Michael, Pfaar Oliver, Pitsios Constantinos, Quirce Santiago, Raap Ulrike, Raulf-Heimsoth Monika, Rhyner Claudio, Robson-Ansley Paula, Alves Rodrigo, Roje Zeljka, Rondon Carmen, Rudzeviciene Odilija, Ruëff Franziska, Rukhadze Maia, Rumi Gabriele, Sackesen Cansin, Santos Alexandra F, Santucci Annalisa, Scharf Christian, Schmidt-Weber Carsten, Schnyder Benno, Schwarze Jürgen, Senna Gianenrico, Sergejeva Svetlana, Seys Sven, Siracusa Andrea, Skypala Isabel, Sokolowska Milena, Spertini Francois, Spiewak Radoslaw, Sprikkelman Aline, Sturm Gunter, Swoboda Ines, Terreehorst Ingrid, Toskala Elina, Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia, Venter Carina, Vlieg-Boerstra Berber, Whitacker Paul, Worm Margitta, Xepapadaki Paraskevi, and Akdis Cezmi A
- Subjects
Allergy ,Allergic diseases ,Policy ,Research needs ,Research funding ,Europe ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abstract In less than half a century, allergy, originally perceived as a rare disease, has become a major public health threat, today affecting the lives of more than 60 million people in Europe, and probably close to one billion worldwide, thereby heavily impacting the budgets of public health systems. More disturbingly, its prevalence and impact are on the rise, a development that has been associated with environmental and lifestyle changes accompanying the continuous process of urbanization and globalization. Therefore, there is an urgent need to prioritize and concert research efforts in the field of allergy, in order to achieve sustainable results on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this most prevalent chronic disease of the 21st century. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is the leading professional organization in the field of allergy, promoting excellence in clinical care, education, training and basic and translational research, all with the ultimate goal of improving the health of allergic patients. The European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations (EFA) is a non-profit network of allergy, asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) patients’ organizations. In support of their missions, the present EAACI Position Paper, in collaboration with EFA, highlights the most important research needs in the field of allergy to serve as key recommendations for future research funding at the national and European levels. Although allergies may involve almost every organ of the body and an array of diverse external factors act as triggers, there are several common themes that need to be prioritized in research efforts. As in many other chronic diseases, effective prevention, curative treatment and accurate, rapid diagnosis represent major unmet needs. Detailed phenotyping/endotyping stands out as widely required in order to arrange or re-categorize clinical syndromes into more coherent, uniform and treatment-responsive groups. Research efforts to unveil the basic pathophysiologic pathways and mechanisms, thus leading to the comprehension and resolution of the pathophysiologic complexity of allergies will allow for the design of novel patient-oriented diagnostic and treatment protocols. Several allergic diseases require well-controlled epidemiological description and surveillance, using disease registries, pharmacoeconomic evaluation, as well as large biobanks. Additionally, there is a need for extensive studies to bring promising new biotechnological innovations, such as biological agents, vaccines of modified allergen molecules and engineered components for allergy diagnosis, closer to clinical practice. Finally, particular attention should be paid to the difficult-to-manage, precarious and costly severe disease forms and/or exacerbations. Nonetheless, currently arising treatments, mainly in the fields of immunotherapy and biologicals, hold great promise for targeted and causal management of allergic conditions. Active involvement of all stakeholders, including Patient Organizations and policy makers are necessary to achieve the aims emphasized herein.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
106. Describing the occupational nature of practice: A scoping review.
- Author
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Ford, Ellie, Di Tommaso, Amelia, Gustafsson, Louise, and Molineux, Matthew
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CINAHL database ,ONLINE information services ,MEDICAL databases ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,OCCUPATIONAL therapy ,OCCUPATIONAL therapy services ,TERMS & phrases ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,LITERATURE reviews ,MEDLINE - Abstract
Describing how occupation is used in practice can be challenging for occupational therapists. Occupation-centred, occupation-based, and occupation-focussed terminology are frequently used interchangeably and ambiguously to describe practice. However, ambiguous language creates confusion and inadequately demonstrates the value of occupation. This scoping review aimed to identify how occupation-centred, occupation-based, and occupation-focussed terminology are defined and represented in occupational therapy literature. A five-step scoping review included papers published between 2014 and 2019 from four databases. Extracted data were summarised to outline how the terms were being used within the literature. Initial searching yielded 819 articles and 35 papers met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Within current literature, occupation-focussed and occupation-based terminology were inconsistently described. A limited number of articles used occupation-centred and occupation-focussed terminology to describe practice, whilst occupation-based was more prominent. Occupation-based terminology was represented in numerous ways to describe assessments, practice tools, interventions, research, and theory. Discrepancies between the description and implementation of occupation-based practice were most prominent within interventions. Findings demonstrated that occupation-based and occupation-focussed terminology were used interchangeably and inconsistently in literature. It is timely to consider how this is problematic for our professional identity and perceptions of occupation in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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107. Home exercise programmes supported by video and automated reminders compared with standard paper-based home exercise programmes in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Emmerson, Kellie B., Harding, Katherine E., and Taylor, Nicholas F.
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PATIENT satisfaction , *ANALYSIS of covariance , *ARM , *CHI-squared test , *COMMUNITY health services , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *HOME care services , *PATIENT compliance , *PORTABLE computers , *PROBABILITY theory , *REHABILITATION , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *SELF-evaluation , *T-test (Statistics) , *VIDEO recording , *EFFECT sizes (Statistics) , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *BLIND experiment , *HEALTH care reminder systems , *DIARY (Literary form) , *FUNCTIONAL assessment , *STROKE rehabilitation , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objective: To determine whether patients with stroke receiving rehabilitation for upper limb deficits using smart technology (video and reminder functions) demonstrate greater adherence to prescribed home exercise programmes and better functional outcomes when compared with traditional paper-based exercise prescription. Design: Randomized controlled trial comparing upper limb home exercise programmes supported by video and automated reminders on smart technology, with standard paper-based home exercise programmes. Setting: A community rehabilitation programme within a large metropolitan health service. Subjects: Patients with stroke with upper limb deficits, referred for outpatient rehabilitation. Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned to the control (paper-based home exercise programme) or intervention group (home exercise programme filmed on an electronic tablet, with an automated reminder). Both groups completed their prescribed home exercise programme for four weeks. Main measures: The primary outcome was adherence using a self-reported log book. Secondary outcomes were change in upper limb function and patient satisfaction. Results: A total of 62 participants were allocated to the intervention (n = 30) and control groups (n = 32). There were no differences between the groups for measures of adherence (mean difference 2%, 95% CI −12 to 17) or change in the Wolf Motor Function Test log transformed time (mean difference 0.02 seconds, 95% CI −0.1 to 0.1). There were no between-group differences in how participants found instructions (p = 0.452), whether they remembered to do their exercises (p = 0.485), or whether they enjoyed doing their exercises (p = 0.864). Conclusions: The use of smart technology was not superior to standard paper-based home exercise programmes for patients recovering from stroke. This trial design was registered prospectively with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register, ID: ACTRN 12613000786796. http://www.anzctr.org.au/trialSearch.aspx [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
108. Predicting Directly Measured Trunk and Upper Arm Postures in Paper Mill Work From Administrative Data, Workers' Ratings and Posture Observations.
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Heiden, Marina, Garza, Jennifer, Trask, Catherine, and Mathiassen, Svend Erik
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POSTURE , *ARM , *BLUE collar workers , *FATIGUE (Physiology) , *ERGONOMICS , *DIGITAL image processing , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene , *LONGITUDINAL method , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *VIDEO recording , *MANUFACTURING industries , *TASK performance , *PAIN measurement , *TORSO , *VISUAL analog scale , *DATA analysis software , *STATISTICAL models - Abstract
Objectives: A cost-efficient approach for assessing working postures could be to build statistical models for predicting results of direct measurements from cheaper data, and apply these models to samples in which only the latter data are available. The present study aimed to build and assess the performance of statistical models predicting inclinometer-assessed trunk and arm posture among paper mill workers. Separate models were built using administrative data, workers' ratings of their exposure, and observations of the work from video recordings as predictors. Methods: Trunk and upper arm postures were measured using inclinometry on 28 paper mill workers during three work shifts each. Simultaneously, the workers were video filmed, and their postures were assessed by observation of the videos afterwards. Workers' ratings of exposure, and administrative data on staff and production during the shifts were also collected. Linear mixed models were fitted for predicting inclinometer-assessed exposure variables (median trunk and upper arm angle, proportion of time with neutral trunk and upper arm posture, and frequency of periods in neutral trunk and upper arm inclination) from administrative data, workers' ratings, and observations, respectively. Performance was evaluated in terms of Akaike information criterion, proportion of variance explained (R²), and standard error (SE) of the model estimate. For models performing well, validity was assessed by bootstrap resampling. Results: Models based on administrative data performed poorly (R² ≤ 15%) and would not be useful for assessing posture in this population. Models using workers' ratings of exposure performed slightly better (8% < R² ≤ 27% for trunk posture; 14% < R² ≤ 36% for arm posture). The best model was obtained when using observational data for predicting frequency of periods with neutral arm inclination. It explained 56% of the variance in the postural exposure, and its SE was 5.6. Bootstrap validation of this model showed similar expected performance in other samples (5th-95th percentile: R² = 45-63%; SE = 5.1-6.2). Conclusions: Observational data had a better ability to predict inclinometer-assessed upper arm exposures than workers' ratings or administrative data. However, observational measurements are typically more expensive to obtain. The results encourage analyses of the cost-efficiency of modeling based on administrative data, workers' ratings, and observation, compared to the performance and cost of measuring exposure directly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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109. The top 100 cited neurorehabilitation papers.
- Author
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Kreutzer, Jeffrey S., Agyemang, Amma A., Weedon, David, Zasler, Nathan, Oliver, Melissa, Sorensen, Aaron A., van Wijngaarden, Saskia, and Leahy, Eileen
- Subjects
- *
LONGITUDINAL method , *NEUROLOGICAL disorders , *REHABILITATION , *RESEARCH funding , *SERIAL publications , *CITATION analysis - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Neurorehabilitation covers a large range of disorders, assessment approaches and treatment methods. There have been previous citation analyses of rehabilitation and of its subfields. However, there has never been a comprehensive citation analysis in neurorehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: The present study reports findings from a citation analysis of the top 100 most cited neurorehabilitation papers to describe the research trends in the field. METHODS: A de-novo keyword search of papers indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection database yielded 52,581 papers. A candidate pool of the 200 most-cited papers published between 2005 and 2016 was reviewed by the clinician authors. The papers in the top 100 deemed to be irrelevant were discarded and replaced by the most highly-cited articles in the second tier deemed to be clinically relevant. RESULTS: The most frequently cited neurorehablitation papers appeared in Stroke, Movement Disorders, and Neurology. Papers tended to focus on treatments, especially for stroke. Authorship trends suggest that top cited papers result from group endeavors, with 90% of the papers involving a collaboration among 3 or more authors. CONCLUSION: Treatment studies, often focused on stroke, appear to have the highest impact in the field of neurorehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
110. An analysis of global research funding from subject field and funding agencies perspectives in the G9 countries.
- Author
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Huang, Mu-Hsuan and Huang, Mei-Jhen
- Abstract
This study analyzed journal articles published by authors from the G9 countries (Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) to identify the distribution of research funding and funding agencies in these countries. A total of 5,856,744 articles published between 2009 and 2014 were collected from the Web of Science database. The results showed that China had the highest proportion of funded papers among its overall scientific output, while Italy had the lowest funded paper ratio. The leading sponsoring countries of papers by other countries were China and the United States, with China having a sponsorship surplus with all the other G9 countries, and the United States having a sponsorship surplus with seven other countries excepting China. Furthermore, governmental agencies were the major sponsors of funded papers in the G9 countries. The field of life sciences had the highest proportion of funded papers among the field’s total paper output; while natural sciences had the highest proportion of papers among all funded papers of a country. Regarding funding agencies, the top three funding agencies in each G9 country were primarily domestic agencies; and a large proportion of the funding provided by these agencies were granted to domestic research projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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111. The concept, importance and values of support during childbearing and breastfeeding – A discourse paper.
- Author
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Ekström‐Bergström, Anette, Thorstensson, Stina, and Bäckström, Caroline
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EVALUATION of medical care ,MATERNAL health services ,SOCIAL support ,HEALTH facility administration ,MIDWIFERY ,MOTHERHOOD ,BREASTFEEDING ,DISCOURSE analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,FAMILY relations ,PATIENT-professional relations ,LABOR (Obstetrics) - Abstract
Background: Professional support in childbearing has beneficial effects on childbirth experience, interactions within the family, breastfeeding and medical outcomes. However, more knowledge is needed about prerequisites for professional support to be valuable and satisfactory during childbearing. Aim: The aim of this discourse paper is to describe and explore prerequisites for professional support that are of value for women and their families during childbearing as well as how healthcare organizations can be formed to facilitate these prerequisites. Design: Discourse paper. Methods: This discourse paper is based on our own experiences and is supported by literature and theory. Results: Well‐functioning structures and processes facilitate professional support that leads to safe, secure, calm and prepared parents with the ability to handle the challenges of childbearing and parenting. When organizing care in childbearing, prerequisites for support needs must also be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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112. Organizational Support for Nurses' Career Planning and Development: A Scoping Review.
- Author
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Kallio, Hanna, Liljeroos, Hanna, Koivunen, Marita, Kuusisto, Anne, Hult, Marja, and Kangasniemi, Mari
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CORPORATE culture ,RESEARCH funding ,NURSING career counseling ,CINAHL database ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,LITERATURE reviews ,SOCIAL support ,ONLINE information services ,VOCATIONAL guidance - Abstract
Aim. To systematically map and identify key knowledge on organizational support for nurses' career planning and development. Design. Scoping review. Methods. Systematic electronic searches were carried out with the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in May 2022. The searches were limited to scientific, peer-review papers that were published in English from January 2012 to May 2022. Data were extracted and synthetized and are presented in tables and text. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results. We identified 1,400 papers and 28 met the inclusion criteria. Organizations recognized nurses' career planning and development in relation to the individual's professional development and the organization's need to promote high-quality services and workforce engagement. The organizational support included strategic work to ensure there were adequate resources and purposeful vacancies and a structured framework based on objective qualification criteria and equal assessment. Organizations focused on sharing knowledge, structured career planning, and interpersonal support. Support within the nursing profession and multilayered interprofessional collaboration were also important. Conclusion. Nurses' career planning and development was linked to their personal development and the organization's aims and required support from both fellow nurses and other professionals. Implications for the Nursing Management. Identifying the organizational structures and methods that are needed to support nurses' career planning and development can help nursing management to evaluate and develop strategies that improve the attractiveness of a nursing career and nurses' engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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113. Applications of Paper and Interactive Prototypes in Designing Telecare Services for Older Adults.
- Author
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Duh, Emilija, Guna, Jože, Pogačnik, Matevž, and Sodnik, Jaka
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- *
ACTION research , *AUTOMATIC speech recognition , *NURSING home patients , *RESEARCH funding , *TELEMEDICINE , *HUMAN services programs , *INDEPENDENT living , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *OLD age - Abstract
We present the results of the user studies of the CareMe prototype telecare service for supporting older adults with remote telecare services. The CareMe solution targets older adults who are capable of living independently and outside of a dedicated medical institution or a nursing home, but require occasional medical attention, and formal or informal care. The studies were conducted between November 2013 and March 2014 and followed the participatory design approach. The research questions focused on understanding the difference in the participatory design approach when older adults use paper prototypes vs interactive prototypes, and the difference when older adults use interactive prototypes with poor interface design vs interactive prototypes with rich interface design. In total, 45 older adults living in Slovenia participated in the field trial. They were retired, 32 of whom were nursing home residents and 13 were living independently at home. The study sample's age distribution was between 64 and 91 years. The analysis of the filed trial results indicated the importance of the factors that influence users' decision about how and when they use new technology, i.e., the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease-of-use. Main insights gained from the studies show, that it is very difficult to keep older people focused on the topics of discussion and that they have often difficulties to clearly present/express their ideas. Furthermore, abstract concepts, such as paper only prototypes proved to be challenging to cope with, whereas using real applications and services when trying out scenarios using interactive prototypes provided much better experience and feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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114. CFD simulations for paper-based DNA amplification reaction (LAMP) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-point-of-care diagnostic perspective.
- Author
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Das, Debayan and Panigrahi, P.K.
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MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis ,POINT-of-care testing ,ISOTHERMAL processes ,MYCOBACTERIUM ,TUBERCULOSIS ,PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry ,COMPUTER simulation ,HIGH performance computing ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,DNA ,RESEARCH evaluation ,PHYSICS ,INDUSTRIES ,CLINICAL medicine ,RESEARCH funding ,ROUTINE diagnostic tests ,NUCLEIC acid amplification techniques - Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification or LAMP has been identified to be an efficient technology for point-of-care diagnostics. Paper-based LAMP technique has tremendous potential in replacing the existing tube-based technology as the manufacturing cost of a paper-based device is comparatively lower and easy-to-use. LAMP-based paper diagnostic device for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) detection is of extreme importance as it will help in early and rapid diagnosis of the affected patients. The fabrication of these devices requires assessment of design parameters on the extent of LAMP amplification reaction. Hence, CFD studies would be extremely beneficial from the design perspective. The current work presents an insight into the CFD simulations for LAMP amplification reaction on a porous paper membrane (nitrocellulose membrane). The convection-diffusion-reaction model is solved on a COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0 platform. Studies on effect of pore size, aspect ratio and initial DNA concentration on the extent of DNA amplification reaction have been carried out. The current paper-based technique is effective in detecting a minimum of 5 copies of DNA contrasting the previous semi-quantitative technique which demonstrated the detection of minimum 98 copies. Overall, the simulation results displayed almost 96% enhancement in the DNA amplification rate on paper membrane. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract for the computational study of DNA amplification reaction via LAMP technique on a porous paper membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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115. Working Papers, Open Access and Cyber-Infrastructure in Classical Studies
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David Pritchard
- Subjects
Open Access ,Postprints ,Working Papers ,Computers and the Classics ,Classical Studies ,Preprints ,Cyber-Infrastructure, Preprints ,Classics ,Research Funding ,Scholarly Communication - Abstract
Princeton–Stanford Working Papers in Classics is a web-based series of work-in-progress scripts by members of two leading departments of classics. It introduces the humanities to a new form of scholarly communication and represents a major advance in the free availability of classical-studies scholarship in cyberspace. This article both reviews the initial performance of this open-access experiment and the benefits and challenges of working papers more generally for classical studies. After two years of operation Princeton–Stanford Working Papers in Classics has proven to be a clear success. This series has built up a large international readership and a sizeable body of preprints and performs important scholarly and community-outreach functions. As this performance is largely due to its congruency with the working arrangements of ancient historians and classicists and the global demand for open-access scholarship, the series confirms the viability of this means of scholarly communication and the likelihood of its expansion in our discipline. But modifications are required to increase the benefits this series brings and the amount of scholarship it makes freely available online. Finally departments wishing to replicate its success will have to consider other important developments, such as the increasing availability of postprints, the linking of research funding to open access, and the emergence of new cyber-infrastructure.
- Published
- 2008
116. Extending higher education recognition programs through a dedicated post-award reflective practice tool.
- Author
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Swiatek, Lukasz, Ducasse, Ana Maria, Coburn, Jennifer, Northcote, Maria, and Samarawickrema, Nirma
- Subjects
OCCUPATIONAL achievement ,SCHOLARSHIPS ,RESEARCH funding ,QUALITATIVE research ,MEETINGS ,EMPLOYMENT portfolios ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PROFESSIONAL employee training ,STAKEHOLDER analysis - Abstract
Higher education professional recognition programs, which lead to the awarding of such accolades as teaching and learning fellowships, offer participants opportunities to reflect carefully on their practice. However, few resources exist to help participants engage in reflection after the award-receiving stage. This reflection is important in helping participants not rest on their laurels and, instead, build on the practices for which they received recognition. Through a process of collaborative reflection, a group of fellowship-recipients, from different disciplines and higher education institutions, addressed this gap as stakeholder-participant-researchers by developing a transdisciplinary approach to undertaking post-award reflective practice. From this collaboration, a novel two-stage tool was developed using an iterative design methodology. The tool presented in this paper as the result of this research can be understood as a means of supporting self-paced, continued post-award reflective practice; the tool's first stage guides users through retrospective reflection, looking back on previous achievements, while the second stage leads users through anticipatory planning, looking towards the future, to achieve fresh goals. The tool thus deepens the reflective practice of recognition program awardees and supports their ongoing professional development. This paper reports on the development of this bespoke tool, which may be enacted in varied settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
117. Evaluating diabetes care in primary healthcare centers in Abuja, Nigeria: a cross-sectional formative assessment.
- Author
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Orji, Ikechukwu A., Baldridge, Abigail S., Ikechukwu-Orji, Mercy U., Banigbe, Bolanle, Eze, Nelson C., Chopra, Aashima, Omitiran, Kasarachi, Iyer, Guhan, Odoh, Deborah, Alex-Okoh, Morenike, Reng, Rifkatu, Hirschhorn, Lisa R., Huffman, Mark D., and Ojji, Dike B.
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of diabetes ,TREATMENT of diabetes ,HEALTH services accessibility ,CROSS-sectional method ,MEDICAL protocols ,MEDICAL personnel ,RURAL health ,BLOOD sugar monitors ,MANAGEMENT information systems ,RESEARCH funding ,PRIMARY health care ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RURAL health services ,ROUTINE diagnostic tests ,MEDICAL screening ,DRUGS ,DATA analysis software ,HEALTH information systems ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are associated with high and rising burden of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the leading causes of NCD-related deaths worldwide and is a foremost public health problem in Nigeria. As part of National policy, Nigeria has committed to implement the World Health Organization (WHO) Package of Essential Non-communicable Disease interventions for primary care. Implementing the intervention requires the availability of essential elements, including guidelines, trained staff, health management information systems (HMIS), equipment, and medications, in primary healthcare centers (PHCs). This study assessed the availability of the DM component of the WHO package, and the readiness of the health workers in these PHCs to implement a DM screening, evaluation, and management program to inform future adoption and implementation. Methods: This cross-sectional formative assessment adapted the WHO Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool to survey 30 PHCs selected by multistage sampling for readiness to deliver DM diagnosis and care in Abuja, Nigeria, between August and October 2021. The SARA tool was adapted to focus on DM services and the availability and readiness indicator scores were calculated based on the proportion of PHCs with available DM care services, minimum staff requirement, diagnostic tests, equipment, medications, and national guidelines/protocols for DM care within the defined SARA domain. Results: All 30 PHCs reported the availability of at least two full-time staff (median [interquartile range] = 5 [4–9]), which were mostly community health extension workers (median [interquartile range]) = 3 [1–4]. At least one staff member was recently trained in DM care in 11 PHCs (36%). The study also reported high availability of paper-based HMIS (100%), and DM screening services using a glucometer (87%), but low availability of DM job aids (27%), treatment (23%), and national guidelines/protocols (0%). Conclusion: This formative assessment of PHCs' readiness to implement a DM screening, evaluation, and management program in Abuja demonstrated readiness to integrate DM care into PHCs regarding equipment, paper-based HMIS, and nonphysician health workers' availability. However, strategies are needed to promote DM health workforce training, provide DM management guidelines, and supply essential DM medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
118. Perception of the importance of chemistry research papers and comparison to citation rates
- Author
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Matthew R. Hartings, Chemjobber, Cullen Moran, Stuart Cantrill, See Arr Oh, and Rachel Borchardt
- Subjects
Science and Technology Workforce ,Science Policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Research Quality Assessment ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,Research Grants ,Bibliometrics ,Surveys ,050905 science studies ,Careers in Research ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Research Funding ,Citation analysis ,Perception ,Mathematics education ,Humans ,Chemistry (relationship) ,lcsh:Science ,media_common ,Publishing ,Multidisciplinary ,Survey Research ,Altmetrics ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:R ,Research Assessment ,Chemists ,Research Personnel ,Chemistry ,Professions ,Research Design ,People and Places ,Citation Analysis ,Scientists ,lcsh:Q ,Population Groupings ,Metric (unit) ,0509 other social sciences ,Journal Impact Factor ,050904 information & library sciences ,Citation ,Research Article - Abstract
Chemistry researchers are frequently evaluated on the perceived significance of their work with the citation count as the most commonly-used metric for gauging this property. Recent studies have called for a broader evaluation of significance that includes more nuanced bibliometrics as well as altmetrics to more completely evaluate scientific research. To better understand the relationship between metrics and peer judgements of significance in chemistry, we have conducted a survey of chemists to investigate their perceptions of previously published research. Focusing on a specific issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society published in 2003, respondents were asked to select which articles they thought best matched importance and significance given several contexts: highest number of citations, most significant (subjectively defined), most likely to share among chemists, and most likely to share with a broader audience. The answers to the survey can be summed up in several observations. The ability of respondents to predict the citation counts of established research is markedly lower than the ability of those counts to be predicted by the h-index of the corresponding author of each article. This observation is conserved even when only considering responses from chemists whose expertise falls within the subdiscipline that best describes the work performed in an article. Respondents view both cited papers and significant papers differently than papers that should be shared with chemists. We conclude from our results that peer judgements of importance and significance differ from metrics-based measurements, and that chemists should work with bibliometricians to develop metrics that better capture the nuance of opinions on the importance of a given piece of research.
- Published
- 2017
119. Austria : Background paper from the Austrian EU Presidency Conference on SSH impact published
- Subjects
Conferences and conventions -- Conferences, meetings and seminars ,Research funding ,Valuation ,Business, international - Abstract
This Working Paper builds on the scientific discourse on valuation of SSH research as well as SSH-integration in EU framework programmes and aims at summarizing the key findings from the [...]
- Published
- 2019
120. Broadening EU's horizons. Position paper FP9
- Author
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VSNU
- Subjects
Horizon program ,FP9 ,research funding - Abstract
The European project was conceived to bring peace and prosperity to its citizens after two world wars. In the last decades, it has been of great importance for all Europeans. The project has stimulated economic and societal cohesion and, in doing so, brought peace, security and economic prosperity for its inhabitants. Recent political events and the economic and financial crises have made it crystal clear that the benefits coming from European cooperation cannot be taken for granted. Europe is facing societal, economic and political challenges that are as great as ever. With Europe on the brink of a new era, it is now time to decide on the future EU which we need to face these challenges. The Association of universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) argues that the EU can maximise its added value for European citizens by focussing more resources in a concerted way on excellent research and innovation. Studies show that two-thirds of European economic growth is derived from R&I. Moreover, we need to develop new knowledge and use it to educate new talents in order to tackle the new challenges that our societies will face with regard to e.g. health care, digitalisation, security, climate and food. Thus, Europe needs to lead the world in the development and dissemination of knowledge. And Europe needs the EU and a new, larger, Framework Programme in order to make this happen. Only a Europe-wide R&I programme will strengthen the position of the EU on the global scale by enhancing coherence and taking competition and cooperation to the next level. With this bigger picture in mind, the VSNU expresses its position on the development of a new Framework Programme. A new Framework Programme which: 1. Focusses on excellence 2. Increases the impact of R&I, including through open science 3. Leaves ample room for fundamental research 4. Stimulates an interdisciplinary approach by fully integrating the Social Sciences and Humanities 5. Includes all regions and talents 6. Raises success rates 7. Comes with a bigger budget to match these bigger ambitions
- Published
- 2017
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121. Rapid understanding of scientific paper collections: Integrating statistics, text analytics, and visualization.
- Author
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Dunne, Cody, Shneiderman, Ben, Gove, Robert, Klavans, Judith, and Dorr, Bonnie
- Subjects
ALGORITHMS ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations ,BIBLIOGRAPHY ,COMPUTER graphics ,COMPUTER software ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,INFORMATION resources management ,RESEARCH funding ,SCIENCE ,USER interfaces ,CITATION analysis - Abstract
Keeping up with rapidly growing research fields, especially when there are multiple interdisciplinary sources, requires substantial effort for researchers, program managers, or venture capital investors. Current theories and tools are directed at finding a paper or website, not gaining an understanding of the key papers, authors, controversies, and hypotheses. This report presents an effort to integrate statistics, text analytics, and visualization in a multiple coordinated window environment that supports exploration. Our prototype system, Action Science Explorer ( ASE), provides an environment for demonstrating principles of coordination and conducting iterative usability tests of them with interested and knowledgeable users. We developed an understanding of the value of reference management, statistics, citation text extraction, natural language summarization for single and multiple documents, filters to interactively select key papers, and network visualization to see citation patterns and identify clusters. A three-phase usability study guided our revisions to ASE and led us to improve the testing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
122. Back pain beliefs in adolescents and adults in Australasia: A cross-sectional pilot study of selected psychometric properties of paper-based and web-based questionnaires in two diverse countries.
- Author
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Boon-Kiang Tan, Burnett, Angus, Hallett, Jonathan, Amy Ha, and Briggs, Andrew M.
- Subjects
- *
LUMBAR pain , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *STATISTICAL correlation , *HEALTH attitudes , *PROBABILITY theory , *PSYCHOMETRICS , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *PILOT projects , *HUMAN research subjects , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio , *ADOLESCENCE , *ADULTS , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether questionnaires measuring psychosocial constructs related to low back pain (LBP) that were originally designed for adults are suitable for adolescents, and if paper and web-versions have similar measurement properties. OBJECTIVES: To examine selected psychometric properties for the paper- and web-based Back-Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) and the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ-phys) among adults and adolescents in two diverse countries and to determine whether differences existed between countries and pain groups. METHODS: A sample of 156 adults (Hong Kong, n = 75; Australia, n = 81) and 96 adolescents (Hong Kong, n = 61; Australia, n = 35) participated in this cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Main effects for country and administration mode were observed in adult BBQ scores, where Australian adults reported significantly higher BBQ scores than Hong Kong adults (mean difference (MD); 95% CI: 2.85; 0.96-4.74) and significantly higher scores were recorded on the web mode compared to the paper mode (MD 0.74; 0.10-1.38). Similarly, Hong Kong adults and adolescents reported higher FABQ-phys scores than Australian adults and adolescents (MD; 95% CI: 3.40; 1.37-5.43 and 4.88; 0.53-9.23, respectively). Internal consistency values were mostly acceptable (α⩾0.7). CONCLUSION: Differences exist between cultures for LBP-related beliefs. The BBQ and FABQ-phys have acceptable measurement properties in both administration modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
123. Evaluation of a hybrid paper-electronic medication management system at a residential aged care facility.
- Author
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Elliott, Rohan A., Cik Yin Lee, and Hussainy, Safeera Y.
- Subjects
- *
DRUG dosage , *DRUG delivery systems , *ELDER care , *AUDITING , *PHARMACY databases , *MEDICAL protocols , *MEDICATION errors , *PROBABILITY theory , *RESEARCH funding , *THERAPEUTICS , *RESIDENTIAL care , *CROSS-sectional method , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objectives: The aims of the study were to investigate discrepancies between general practitioners' paper medication orders and pharmacy-prepared electronic medication administration charts, back-up paper charts and dose-administration aids, as well as delays between prescribing, charting and administration, at a 90-bed residential aged care facility that used a hybrid paper-electronic medication management system. Methods: A cross-sectional audit of medication orders, medication charts and dose-administration aids was performed to identify discrepancies. In addition, a retrospective audit was performed of delays between prescribing and availability of an updated electronic medication administration chart. Medication administration records were reviewed retrospectively to determine whether discrepancies and delays led to medication administration errors. Results: Medication records for 88 residents (mean age 86 years) were audited. Residents were prescribed a median of eight regular medicines (interquartile range 5-12). One hundred and twenty-five discrepancies were identified. Fortyseven discrepancies, affecting 21 (24%) residents, led to a medication administration error. The most common discrepancies were medicine omission (44.0%) and extra medicine (19.2%). Delays from when medicines were prescribed to when they appeared on the electronic medication administration chart ranged from 18 min to 98 h. On nine occasions (for 10% of residents) the delay contributed to missed doses, usually antibiotics. Conclusion: Medication discrepancies and delays were common. Improved systems for managing medication orders and charts are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
124. EAPC White Paper on outcome measurement in palliative care: Improving practice, attaining outcomes and delivering quality services – Recommendations from the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) Task Force on Outcome Measurement.
- Author
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Bausewein, Claudia, Daveson, Barbara A., Currow, David C., Downing, Julia, Deliens, Luc, Radbruch, Lukas, Defilippi, Kath, Lopes Ferreira, Pedro, Costantini, Massimo, Harding, Richard, and Higginson, Irene J.
- Subjects
- *
BENCHMARKING (Management) , *CLINICAL medicine , *MEDICAL quality control , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *PALLIATIVE treatment , *PROFESSIONAL associations , *QUALITY assurance , *RESEARCH funding , *SPIRITUALITY , *TERMINAL care , *KEY performance indicators (Management) , *BURDEN of care - Abstract
Background: Outcome measurement plays an increasing role in improving the quality, effectiveness, efficiency and availability of palliative care. Aim: To provide expert recommendations on outcome measurement in palliative care in clinical practice and research. Methods: Developed by a European Association for Palliative Care Task Force, based on literature searches, international expert workshop, development of outcome measurement guidance and international online survey. A subgroup drafted a first version and circulated it twice to the task force. The preliminary final version was circulated to wider expert panel and 28 international experts across 20 European Association for Palliative Care member associations and the European Association for Palliative Care Board of Directors and revised according to their feedback. The final version was approved by the European Association for Palliative Care Board for adoption as an official European Association for Palliative Care position paper. Results: In all, 12 recommendations are proposed covering key parameters of measures, adequate measures for the task, introduction of outcome measurement into practice, and national and international outcome comparisons and benchmarking. Compared to other recommendations, the White Paper covers similar aspects but focuses more on outcome measurement in clinical care and the wider policy impact of implementing outcome measurement in clinical palliative care. Patient-reported outcome measure feedback improves awareness of unmet need and allows professionals to act to address patients’ needs. However, barriers and facilitators have been identified when implementing outcome measurement in clinical care that should be addressed. Conclusion: The White Paper recommends the introduction of outcome measurement into practice and outcomes that allow for national and international comparisons. Outcome measurement is key to understanding different models of care across countries and, ultimately, patient outcome having controlled for differing patients characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
125. United States : AASL Relaunches Research Grant Program; Calls for Papers
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Professional associations ,Education ,Education grants ,Librarians ,Research funding ,Associations ,School librarians ,Library science ,Web sites (World Wide Web) ,Grants-in-aid ,Company financing ,Business, international ,American Library Association. American Association of School Librarians - Abstract
The American Association of School Librarians (AASL) announces the relaunch of the AASL Research Grant program now under the sponsorship of School Library Connection. Research grants recognize excellence in manuscripts [...]
- Published
- 2019
126. AASL RELAUNCHES RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM; CALLS FOR PAPERS
- Subjects
Professional associations ,Education ,Education grants ,Librarians ,Research funding ,Associations ,School librarians ,Library science ,Grants-in-aid ,News, opinion and commentary ,American Library Association ,American Library Association. American Association of School Librarians - Abstract
CHICAGO, Ill. -- The following information was released by the American Library Association: The American Association of School Librarians (AASL) announces the relaunch of the AASL Research Grant program now [...]
- Published
- 2019
127. Bibliographic analysis of papers and authors published in Tobacco Control 1998-September 2011.
- Author
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Chapman, Simon and Derrick, Gemma
- Subjects
SMOKING prevention ,AUTHORSHIP ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,PACKAGING ,PASSIVE smoking ,PUBLISHING ,RESEARCH funding ,SERIAL publications ,SMOKING cessation ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,HARM reduction ,PERIODICAL articles ,CITATION analysis ,IMPACT factor (Citation analysis) - Abstract
In the present work, the top 20 cited papers published in Tobacco Control between 1998 and 15 September 2011, the top 10 cited papers published after 2008 and the 50 authors whose papers have been most cited in the journal are reported. US authors dominated the most cited papers and the most cited authors, with Australian authors in second place. Papers on youth and secondhand smoke dominated the top 20 papers, although harm reduction and packaging papers appeared in the post 2008 leading cited papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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128. Frailty scales -- their potential in interprofessional working with older people: a discussion paper.
- Author
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Poltawski, Leon, Goodman, Claire, Iliffe, Steve, Manthorpe, Jill, Gage, Heather, Shah, Dhrushita, and Drennan, Vari
- Subjects
- *
ELDER care , *FRAIL elderly , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *RESEARCH funding , *PREDICTIVE tests - Abstract
New models of interprofessional working are continuously being proposed to address the burgeoning health and social care needs of older people with complex and long-term health conditions. Evaluations of the effectiveness of these models tend to focus on process measures rather than outcomes for the older person. This discussion paper argues that the concept of frailty, and measures based on it, may provide a more user-centred tool for the evaluation of interprofessional services -- a tool that cuts across unidisciplinary preoccupations and definitions of effectiveness. Numerous frailty scales have been developed for case identification and stratification of risk of adverse outcomes. We suggest that they may also be particularly suitable for evaluating the effectiveness of interprofessional working with community-dwelling older people. Several exemplars of frailty scales that might serve this purpose are identified, and their potential contributions and limitations are discussed. Further work is required to establish which is the most suitable scales for this application. The development of an appropriate frailty scale could provide an opportunity for interprofessional debate about the forms of care and treatment that should be prioritised to improve the health and well-being of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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129. New Computer Science Study Results Reported from Kyoto University (Influence of tweets and diversification on serendipitous research paper recommender systems)
- Subjects
Scientists ,Grants-in-aid ,Research funding ,Editors ,Computers ,News, opinion and commentary ,Kyoto University -- Reports - Abstract
2020 JUN 3 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Computer Weekly News -- Research findings on computer science are discussed in a new report. According to news [...]
- Published
- 2020
130. Findings from Sardar Patel University Broaden Understanding of Nanodots (Paper-Based Flexible Photodetector Functionalized by WSe2 Nanodots)
- Subjects
Nanotechnology -- Research ,Education grants -- Research ,Finance ,Research funding ,Editors ,Electronics - Abstract
2020 MAY 19 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Electronics Newsweekly -- Investigators discuss new findings in Nanotechnology - Nanodots. According to news reporting from Gujarat, India, [...]
- Published
- 2020
131. Data from Griffith University Advance Knowledge in Children and Society (Paper Based Vs. Electronic Records for Clinical Audit: Evidence of Documentation of Medication Safety Monitoring In Youth Prescribed Antipsychotics)
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Drugs -- Research -- Safety and security measures ,Antipsychotic agents -- Research -- Safety and security measures ,Mental health -- Safety and security measures ,Pediatrics -- Safety and security measures ,Finance ,Research funding ,Editors ,Children ,Health ,Psychology and mental health ,Griffith University -- Safety and security measures - Abstract
2020 APR 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Mental Health Weekly Digest -- Current study results on Pediatrics - Children and Society have been published. According [...]
- Published
- 2020
132. New Science Findings from Aligarh Muslim University Reported (Investigation of CNT/PPy-Modified Carbon Paper Electrodes under Anaerobic and Aerobic Conditions for Phenol Bioremediation in Microbial Fuel Cells)
- Subjects
Fuel cells -- Research ,Electrodes -- Research ,Bioremediation -- Research ,Fuel cell industry -- Research ,Education grants -- Research ,Islamic schools -- Research ,Phenols (Class of compounds) -- Research ,Environmental management ,Finance ,Biotechnology ,Research funding ,Editors ,Company legal issue ,Biotechnology industry ,Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries ,Aligarh Muslim University -- Investigations - Abstract
2020 FEB 5 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Biotech Week -- Data detailed on Science have been presented. According to news reporting originating from Uttar Pradesh, [...]
- Published
- 2020
133. A post-transcriptional regulatory landscape of aging in the female mouse hippocampus.
- Author
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Winsky-Sommerer, Raphaelle, King, Helen A., Iadevaia, Valentina, Möller-Levet, Carla, and Gerber, André P.
- Subjects
RNA analysis ,MITOCHONDRIAL physiology ,CALCIUM metabolism ,HIPPOCAMPUS physiology ,ANIMAL behavior ,SEQUENCE analysis ,PAPER chromatography ,ANIMAL experimentation ,RNA-binding proteins ,IMMUNE system ,BIOINFORMATICS ,MOLECULAR biology ,NEUROINFLAMMATION ,CELL cycle ,GENE expression ,GENE expression profiling ,AGING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,MICE - Abstract
Aging is associated with substantial physiological changes and constitutes a major risk factor for neurological disorders including dementia. Alterations in gene expression upon aging have been extensively studied; however, an in-depth characterization of post-transcriptional regulatory events remains elusive. Here, we profiled the age-related changes of the transcriptome and translatome in the female mouse hippocampus by RNA sequencing of total RNA and polysome preparations at four ages (3-, 6-, 12-, 20-month-old); and we implemented a variety of bioinformatics approaches to unravel alterations in transcript abundance, alternative splicing, and polyadenylation site selection. We observed mostly wellcoordinated transcriptome and translatome expression signatures across age including upregulation of transcripts related to immune system processes and neuroinflammation, though transcripts encoding ribonucleoproteins or associated with mitochondrial functions, calcium signaling and the cell-cycle displayed substantial discordant profiles, suggesting translational control associated with age-related deficits in hippocampal-dependent behavior. By contrast, alternative splicing was less preserved, increased with age and was associated with distinct functionally-related transcripts encoding proteins acting at synapses/dendrites, RNA-binding proteins; thereby predicting regulatory roles for RBM3 and CIRBP. Only minor changes in polyadenylation site selection were identified, indicating pivotal 3'-end selection in young adults compared to older groups. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive resource of age-associated post-transcriptional regulatory events in the mouse hippocampus, enabling further examination of the molecular features underlying age-associated neurological diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
134. New Findings from Chulalongkorn University Describe Advances in Traditional Medicine (A Paper-based Analytical Device Coupled With Electrochemical Detection for the Determination of Dexamethasone and Prednisolone In Adulterated Traditional ...)
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Analytical instruments ,Prednisolone ,Central nervous system depressants ,Alternative medicine ,Dexamethasone ,Herbal medicine ,Glucocorticoids ,Research funding ,Editors ,Novels ,Health - Abstract
2019 NOV 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in Complementary and Alternative Medicine - Traditional Medicine. According [...]
- Published
- 2019
135. Reports Summarize Archaeology Study Results from University of Lisbon (Study of Iron Gall Inks, Ingredients and Paper Composition Using Non-Destructive Techniques)
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Inks -- Chemical properties -- Testing -- Composition -- Structure ,Nondestructive testing -- Methods ,Archaeology ,Printing inks ,Research funding ,Editors ,Health ,Science and technology - Abstract
2019 NOV 1 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Science Letter -- New study results on archaeology have been published. According to news originating from Sacavem, Portugal, [...]
- Published
- 2019
136. Comparative performance of India with other BRICS countries in publishing science and engineering research papers.
- Author
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Hasan, S. A. and Luthra, Rajesh
- Subjects
- *
ENGINEERING , *RESEARCH & development , *RESEARCH funding - Abstract
BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) together accounted for about 17.3% of total research papers in science and engineering published in 2011 compared to 7.6% in 1995, whereas their contribution to total doctorates produced in science and engineering in 2010 was 31.2% of the world total. India held second position in 1995 amongst BRICS countries and was behind Russia, whereas in 2011, China not only replaced Russia but also attained second position in publishing science and engineering research papers in the world, next only to USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
137. Trends in funding research and international collaboration on greenhouse gas emissions: a bibliometric approach.
- Author
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Aleixandre-Tudó, José Luis, Castelló-Cogollos, Lourdes, Aleixandre, José Luis, and Aleixandre-Benavent, Rafael
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GREENHOUSE gases ,CARBON emissions ,RESEARCH funding ,ENVIRONMENTAL engineering ,BIBLIOMETRICS - Abstract
The Web of Science Core Collection platform was used to withdraw the papers included in this study. The studied period comprised from inception till 2018. Trends in research, journals of publication, subject areas of research, keywords most frequently used, countries of publication, international collaboration, and trends of funding research were also analyzed. A total of 3902 articles were published, most of them (52.5%) during the five-year period 2014–2018. The area with the highest number of papers was environmental sciences (41%), followed by energy fuels (16.6%) and engineering environmental (15.7%). "Nitrous oxide emissions" was the most frequent word, followed by "Carbon dioxide emissions" and "Methane emissions". Other words that stood out were "Life cycle assessment", "Climate change" and "Environmental impacts". The United States was the country with the highest productivity (27.9%), followed by China (12.8%) and the United Kingdom (9.6%). There was a concentration of research in recent years, as more than 80% of the papers were published in the last 10 years. The journals that published the largest number of publications were devoted mainly to environmental studies (sciences and engineering), sustainable and green science and technology, energy and fuels, economics, and agriculture. Half of the works were published in Europe and the other half between North America and Asia. Two thirds of the works (67%) were financed compared to a third that were not financed. The percentage of funded works has been increasing over the last decade, which is seen as an indication of the importance of GHGE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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138. Three machine learning algorithms and their utility in exploring risk factors associated with primary cesarean section in low‐risk women: A methods paper.
- Author
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Clark, Rebecca R. S. and Hou, Jintong
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OXYTOCIN ,HOSPITALS ,RESEARCH evaluation ,MACHINE learning ,REGRESSION analysis ,PREGNANT women ,RISK assessment ,PREGNANCY outcomes ,RESEARCH funding ,CESAREAN section ,DATA analysis software ,OBESITY in women ,ALGORITHMS ,SECONDARY analysis ,PROBABILITY theory ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, is increasingly used in health research, including nursing and maternal outcomes research. Machine learning algorithms are complex and involve statistics and terminology that are not common in health research. The purpose of this methods paper is to describe three machine learning algorithms in detail and provide an example of their use in maternal outcomes research. The three algorithms, classification and regression trees, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and random forest, may be used to understand risk groups, select variables for a model, and rank variables' contribution to an outcome, respectively. While machine learning has plenty to contribute to health research, it also has some drawbacks, and these are discussed as well. To provide an example of the different algorithms' function, they were used on a completed cross‐sectional study examining the association of oxytocin total dose exposure with primary cesarean section. The results of the algorithms are compared to what was done or found using more traditional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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139. A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies of Chronic Bowel Symptoms in Cancer Survivors following Pelvic Radiotherapy.
- Author
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Biran, Adam, Bolnykh, Iakov, Rimmer, Ben, Cunliffe, Anthony, Durrant, Lisa, Hancock, John, Ludlow, Helen, Pedley, Ian, Rees, Colin, and Sharp, Linda
- Subjects
CHRONIC disease risk factors ,CINAHL database ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,CANCER patients ,RISK assessment ,PRESUMPTIONS (Law) ,PELVIC tumors ,RESEARCH funding ,RADIOTHERAPY ,MEDLINE ,PROSTATE tumors ,FEMALE reproductive organ tumors ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Simple Summary: Pelvic radiotherapy is used to treat a range of cancers. Radiotherapy can damage surrounding, non-cancerous tissue and organs, causing long-term problems, including bowel symptoms such as bleeding, pain, and incontinence. The provision of support and treatment for those affected as well as shared decision making regarding treatment should be informed by a solid understanding of the prevalence, nature, and severity of symptoms. We conducted a systematic review of population-based studies presenting patient-reported bowel symptoms to synthesize evidence on symptom prevalence and severity following pelvic radiotherapy. Multiple different bowel symptoms have been reported, and prevalence varies from 1% (bleeding) to 59% (anal bleeding for >12 months). We found substantial variation in the reported methods and few data pertaining to cancers other than prostate. Our review supports the view that bowel symptoms are a significant problem following pelvic radiotherapy and highlights limitations of the evidence base that should be addressed in future research. Pelvic radiotherapy can damage surrounding tissue and organs, causing chronic conditions including bowel symptoms. We systematically identified quantitative, population-based studies of patient-reported bowel symptoms following pelvic radiotherapy to synthesize evidence of symptom type, prevalence, and severity. Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsychINFO were searched from inception to September 2022. Following independent screening of titles, abstracts, and full-texts, population and study characteristics and symptom findings were extracted, and narrative synthesis was conducted. In total, 45 papers (prostate, n = 39; gynecological, n = 6) reporting 19 datasets were included. Studies were methodologically heterogeneous. Most frequently assessed was bowel function ('score', 26 papers, 'bother', 19 papers). Also assessed was urgency, diarrhea, bleeding, incontinence, abdominal pain, painful hemorrhoids, rectal wetness, constipation, mucous discharge, frequency, and gas. Prevalence ranged from 1% (bleeding) to 59% (anal bleeding for >12 months at any time since start of treatment). In total, 10 papers compared radiotherapy with non-cancer comparators and 24 with non-radiotherapy cancer patient groups. Symptom prevalence/severity was greater/worse in radiotherapy groups and symptoms more common/worse post-radiotherapy than pre-diagnosis/treatment. Symptom prevalence varied between studies and symptoms. This review confirms that many people experience chronic bowel symptoms following pelvic radiotherapy. Greater methodological consistency, and investigation of less-well-studied survivor populations, could better inform the provision of services and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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140. Generating keyphrases for readers: A controllable keyphrase generation framework.
- Author
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Jiang, Yi, Meng, Rui, Huang, Yong, Lu, Wei, and Liu, Jiawei
- Subjects
SEMANTICS ,NATURAL language processing ,TASK performance ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,INFORMATION retrieval ,ACCESS to information ,INFORMATION science ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,ABSTRACTING & indexing services ,READING ,BLOGS ,INFORMATION technology - Abstract
With the wide application of keyphrases in many Information Retrieval (IR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, automatic keyphrase prediction has been emerging. However, these statistically important phrases are contributing increasingly less to the related tasks because the end‐to‐end learning mechanism enables models to learn the important semantic information of the text directly. Similarly, keyphrases are of little help for readers to quickly grasp the paper's main idea because the relationship between the keyphrase and the paper is not explicit to readers. Therefore, we propose to generate keyphrases with specific functions for readers to bridge the semantic gap between them and the information producers, and verify the effectiveness of the keyphrase function for assisting users' comprehension with a user experiment. A controllable keyphrase generation framework (the CKPG) that uses the keyphrase function as a control code to generate categorized keyphrases is proposed and implemented based on Transformer, BART, and T5, respectively. For the Computer Science domain, the Macro‐avgs of P@5, R@5, and F1@5 on the Paper with Code dataset are up to 0.680, 0.535, and 0.558, respectively. Our experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the CKPG models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
141. How do research faculty in the biosciences evaluate paper authorship criteria?
- Author
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Kassis, Timothy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Kassis, Timothy
- Subjects
Value (ethics) ,lcsh:Medicine ,Surveys ,Graduates ,Medicine ,lcsh:Science ,media_common ,Response rate (survey) ,Multidisciplinary ,Rank (computer programming) ,05 social sciences ,06 humanities and the arts ,Ambiguity ,Public relations ,Research Assessment ,Faculty ,Research Personnel ,Incentive ,Publishing ,Research Design ,Engineering and Technology ,Educational Status ,Research Article ,Biotechnology ,Science Policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biomedical Engineering ,Research Grants ,Sample (statistics) ,Bioengineering ,050905 science studies ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Research Funding ,Unit (housing) ,Procurement ,Humans ,Biology ,Medical education ,Survey Research ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Authorship ,Currency ,People and Places ,lcsh:Q ,Population Groupings ,060301 applied ethics ,0509 other social sciences ,business - Abstract
Authorship on peer-reviewed journal articles and abstracts has become the main currency and reward unit in academia. Such a reward has become a crucial component for students and postdocs who are often under-compensated and thus value authorship as their primary reward mechanism. While numerous scientific and publishing organizations have attempted to write guidelines for defining who gets to be an author and what rank they should be listed in, there remains much ambiguity when it comes to how the various criteria are weighed by research faculty. Here we sought to quantify the relative importance of each of the 11 criteria we defined as being significant contributions for scientific authorship. We sent out an anonymous survey to approximately 564 faculty members at ten different research institutions across the United States. The faculty were from the biomedical engineering, biology, and bioengineering departments. The response rate was approximately 18% with a final sample size of 102 faculty members. We found that there was a consensus on some criteria as being crucial, such as time spent conducting experiments, but there was a lack of consensus regarding the role of obtaining funding. This study provides one of the first quantitative assessments of how faculty members in the biomedical sciences evaluated these 11 authorship criteria. We believe researchers will find this insightful and will narrow down the disparity between what they assume as being important and what faculty value. This understanding will also bring us closer to establishing a more standardized system for determining authorship and rank in the biosciences.
- Published
- 2017
142. The Symbolic Functions of Nurses’ Cognitive Artifacts on a Medical Oncology Unit.
- Author
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Blaz, Jacquelyn W., Doig, Alexa K., Cloyes, Kristin G., and Staggers, Nancy
- Subjects
ONCOLOGY nursing ,COGNITION ,DOCUMENTATION ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,NURSE-patient relationships ,NURSES' attitudes ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,QUALITATIVE research ,FIELD notes (Science) - Abstract
Acute care nurses continue to rely on personally created paper-based tools—their “paper brains”—to support work during a shift, although standardized handoff tools are recommended. This interpretive descriptive study examines the functions these paper brains serve beyond handoff in the medical oncology unit at a cancer specialty hospital. Thirteen medical oncology nurses were each shadowed for a single shift and interviewed afterward using a semistructured technique. Field notes, transcribed interviews, images of nurses’ paper brains, and analytic memos were inductively coded, and analysis revealed paper brains are symbols of patient and nurse identity. Caution is necessary when attempting to standardize nurses’ paper brains as nurses may be resistant to such changes due to their pride in constructing personal artifacts to support themselves and their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
143. Topic diffusion analysis of a weighted citation network in biomedical literature.
- Author
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Kim, Munui, Baek, Injun, and Song, Min
- Subjects
MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL literature ,PATH analysis (Statistics) ,RESEARCH funding ,CITATION analysis ,MEDICAL subject headings - Abstract
In this study, we propose a framework for detecting topic evolutions in weighted citation networks. Citation networks are important in studying knowledge flows; however, citation network analysis has primarily focused on binary networks in which the individual citation influences of each cited paper in a citing paper are considered identical, even though not all cited papers have a significant influence on the cited publication. Accordingly, it is necessary to build and analyze a citation network comprising scholarly publications that notably impact one another, thus identifying topic evolution in a more precise manner. To measure the strength of citation influence and identify paper topics, we employ a citation influence topic model primarily based on topical inheritance between cited and citing papers. Using scholarly publications in the field of the protein p53 as a case study, we build a citation network, filter it using citation influence values, and examine the diffusion of topics not only in the field but also in the subfields of p53. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
144. Using Community Health Workers to Address Barriers to Participation and Retention in Diabetes Prevention Program: A Concept Paper.
- Author
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Zare, Hossein, Delgado, Paul, Spencer, Michelle, Thorpe Jr., Roland J., Thomas, Laurine, Gaskin, Darrell J., Werrell, Lori K., and Carter, Ernest L.
- Subjects
SOCIAL participation ,ONLINE information services ,PROFESSIONAL peer review ,SERVICES for caregivers ,HEALTH services accessibility ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,TIME ,HOSPITAL health promotion programs ,MEDICAL care costs ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,HEALTH literacy ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,HEALTH behavior ,RESEARCH funding ,MEDLINE ,PATIENT education ,BEHAVIOR modification ,TRANSPORTATION ,PREDIABETIC state ,ADULTS - Abstract
Objective: The PreventionLink of Southern Maryland is a 5-year project to eliminate barriers to participation and retention in the National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle change program to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes. This is the study to identify the obstacles to participation and retention in the DPP lifestyle change program among high burden populations and learn how CHWs have reduced the identified barriers to participation and retention for high burden populations. Methods: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to conduct this literature review. We have used the Scopus and PubMed, including all types of studies and peer-reviewed documents published in English between 2010 and 2020. Results: From 131 identified articles, 18 articles were selected for qualitative synthesis. The reviewed literature documented following as main barriers to participate in a DPP lifestyle change program: time, cost, lack of transportation, cost of transportation, commute distance, technology access, access to facilities and community programs, caregiver responsibilities, lack of health literacy and awareness, and language. CHWs can address these barriers to participation and retention, they were involved in educating and supporting roles; they worked as bridges between healthcare providers and participants and as intervention team members. Conclusions: Diabetes prevention program participants with social determinant risk factors who most need CHW services are unlikely to have financial resources to pay for CHW services out-of-pocket. Hence, the public and private health plans that pay for their prediabetes care should consider paying for these CHW services and there is a need to trust more to CHW and have them as a "community health teams" member. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
145. Global partnerships on paper and in practice: Critical observations from inside a Global Challenge Research Fund capacity‐development project.
- Author
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Axelby, Richard, Worku‐Dix, Bethel, and Crewe, Emma
- Subjects
CAPACITY building ,DEVELOPING countries ,RESEARCH funding ,COALITIONS ,RECONCILIATION - Abstract
This article describes the bureaucratic processes required to establish and manage a single international capacity‐development project that brought together a funding council (AHRC), UK University (SOAS University of London) and universities and other research organisations in Myanmar and Ethiopia. Drawing from ethnographic critiques of the planning and audit practices employed in international development and in the UK University sector, we track the formal certification of partnership as enacted through due diligence and contracts, budgets and timeframes, and reconciliations and reporting. These practices point to pervasive assumptions about capacity transfer and the unequal basis of international research coalitions spanning the Global North and Global South. In this article, we challenge these assumptions by documenting how the allocation of capacity is constrained in hierarchies of time and space. For equitable partnership arrangements to be achieved, we recommend that capacity development be considered a long‐term exchange that flows from mutual reflection and learning from one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
146. The Use of 360-Degree Video in Developing Emotional Coping Skills (Reduced Anxiety and Increased Confidence) in Mental Health Nursing Students: A Protocol Paper.
- Author
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Laker, Caroline, Knight-Davidson, Pamela, Hawkes, David, Driver, Paul, Nightingale, Maxine, Winter, Ann, and McVicar, Andrew
- Subjects
ANXIETY prevention ,PSYCHIATRIC nursing ,CONFIDENCE ,NURSING ,QUALITATIVE research ,EXPERIENCE ,ABILITY ,TRAINING ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,STUDENTS ,RESEARCH funding ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,NURSING students ,EMOTIONS ,STUDENT attitudes ,SUPERVISION of employees ,MEDICAL education ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,VIDEO recording ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes - Abstract
Higher education institutions are uniquely placed to introduce emotional coping skills to promote resilience in pre-registration nurses in order to reduce anxiety and increase confidence before they enter clinical placement for the first time. In this qualitative study, we will explore the use of a 360-degree video in developing skills for coping. The participants will be mental health nursing students. We will develop a 360-degree video in collaboration with a mental health service user. All participants will watch the video. A sub-group will receive a supportive clinical supervision discussion within a cognitive reappraisal/solution-focused/VERA framework. We will record the experiences of the participant to explore: (1) how students felt about the use of 360-degree video, as an education tool to build skills of resilience; (2) whether the students involved felt more confident and less anxious about the situation in the video as a result of participating in the cognitive reappraisal/solution-focused/VERA supervision discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
147. European diabetes research and its funding, 2002-2013.
- Author
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Begum, M., Lewison, G., Sommariva, S., Ciani, O., Tarricone, R., and Sullivan, R.
- Subjects
PUBLISHING & economics ,ECONOMICS ,ENDOWMENT of research ,INDUSTRIES ,LIFE expectancy ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,PUBLIC administration ,RESEARCH funding ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Aim This study examined the outputs of research papers in diabetes from 31 European countries between 2002 and 2013, and their funding. Methods Diabetes research papers in the Web of Science were identified by means of a filter based on journals and title words. For 2009-2013 papers, the funders were coded to show their sector and nationality. Results Europe published 40 547 diabetes papers in the 12 years between 2002 and 2013. Denmark, Sweden and Finland published the most relative to their wealth, but the UK published the most absolutely despite an apparently low burden (as measured by disability-adjusted life years). The largest source of funding was government (30%), followed by the non-profit sector (18%) and industry (13%). The European Commission supported 2.7% of papers, but more in Latvia (33%) and Estonia (16%). Based on an estimated cost per paper of €260 000, the annual research expenditure in Europe was approximately €986 million in 2013. Conclusions The European diabetes burden in disability-adjusted life years increased by one third between 2002 and 2012, but its output of research papers has decreased from 44% to 36% of the world total. This decrease needs to be reviewed in the context of European non-communicable disease research policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
148. Autonomy and dependence: a discussion paper on decision-making in teenagers and young adults undergoing cancer treatment.
- Author
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Davies, Jane, Kelly, Daniel, and Hannigan, Ben
- Subjects
- *
TUMORS in children , *TUMOR treatment , *CONTROL (Psychology) , *ADOLESCENCE , *ONCOLOGY nursing , *CAPACITY (Law) , *CINAHL database , *DEPENDENCY (Psychology) , *EMOTION regulation , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL databases , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDLINE , *RESEARCH funding , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *ETHICAL decision making , *PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability , *PATIENT autonomy , *PATIENT decision making , *ADULTS - Abstract
Aim A discussion which aims to explore the diversity of decision-making during teenage and young adult cancer treatment. The discussion will be related to the concepts of autonomy, dependence and decision-making in this age group. Background The experience of cancer involves a significant series of treatment decisions. However, other non-treatment decisions also have to be made which can relate to any aspect of everyday life. These decisions occur against the backdrop of young people's disease experience. Design Discussion paper. Data sources A literature search for the period 1990-2013 was undertaken. This included searching the following databases: Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature ( CINAHL), SCOPUS, Medline, DARE, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts ( ASSIA), (Psych Info) and The Cochrane Library. Implications for nursing There is a lack of evidence into the experience of everyday decisions made by young people during cancer treatment. This may affect them in the form of unmet needs that nurses, or other professionals, fail to appreciate. Conclusion Further exploration of how teenagers and young adults experience the range and process of decision-making during cancer treatment could be useful in helping to provide effective supportive care for this age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
149. A cross-over study comparing an online versus a paper 7-day food record: focus on total water intake data and participant's perception of the records.
- Author
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Monnerie, B., Tavoularis, L., Guelinckx, I., Hebel, P., Boisvieux, T., Cousin, A., and Bellego, L.
- Subjects
- *
ANALYSIS of variance , *BEVERAGES , *CHI-squared test , *CROSSOVER trials , *DOCUMENTATION , *DRINKING (Physiology) , *INTERVIEWING , *NUTRITIONAL requirements , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *PROBABILITY theory , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *MICRONUTRIENTS , *WATER , *DATA analysis , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Purpose: To compare (1) fluid, food and nutrient intake obtained with a paper versus an online version of a 7-day food record and (2) user's acceptability of both versions of the food record. Methods: A cross-over study was carried out in 2010 in France. A total of 246 participants aged 18-60 years reported their food and fluid intake using both versions of the 7-day food record, separated by a 7- to 14-day washout period. To help participants in estimating consumed portions, both versions of the food record were supported by a photographic booklet of standard portions and containers. At the end of the study protocol, participants completed a questionnaire designed to assess the acceptability of the two questionnaires. Results: The reported water intake of fluids was significantly higher with the online version compared with the paper version (respectively 1348 ± 36 and 1219 ± 34 mL/day, p < 0.0001). No difference was found between methods in terms of energy intake and the consumption of most food categories, macro- and micronutrients. Furthermore, 77 % of the participants preferred the online method to the paper version. Conclusions: Fluid intake, but not food intake, reported with the online 7-day food record was higher in comparison with the paper version. In addition, the online version was preferred by users. In population surveys, the online record is therefore a relevant alternative, and even a preferred alternative in the case of fluid intake, to the paper record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Clinicians' perceptions of digital vs. paper-based decision support interventions.
- Author
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Politi, Mary C., Adsul, Prajakta, Kuzemchak, Marie D., Zeuner, Rachel, and Frosch, Dominick L.
- Subjects
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COMMUNICATION , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *DECISION making , *INTERVIEWING , *RESEARCH methodology , *PATIENTS , *PHYSICIAN-patient relations , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH funding , *QUALITATIVE research , *THEMATIC analysis , *PHYSICIANS' attitudes - Abstract
Rationale, aims and objectives Despite extensive evidence on the value of patient decision support interventions ( DESIs), there is no consensus on optimal DESI formats. Assessing clinicians' perceptions about DESI formats can help facilitate their adoption. The aim of this study was to assess clinicians' perceptions of DESIs formats and potential use in practice. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with doctors from diverse practice areas (internal medicine, OB/ GYN, surgery, medical oncology, emergency medicine) and elicited perceptions toward patient DESIs formats (digital vs. paper) and timing of administration. Questions also elicited beliefs underlying attitudes, perceived social norms and self-efficacy for using DESIs and the feasibility of doing so. Data analysis was conducted using a thematic analysis approach. Results Participants identified strengths of both more comprehensive digital and shorter paper-based tools and thought they could complement each other. Participants consistently expressed the advantages of using DESIs outside the consultation to supplement clinical discussions about cancer decisions given the amount of information to discuss during these emotion-laden conversations. Participants felt that patients with older age and lower socio-economic status were more likely to use a paper-based compared with a digital DESI. Participants also noted challenges related to reliable resources such as computers and Internet in the practice setting, which would be necessary for implementing the digital DESIs on site. Conclusions Clinicians' perceptions and opinions about value of DESIs can vary widely across doctor, patient and clinic characteristics. A one-size-fits-all approach to implementation might not be feasible, suggesting that flexible approaches to providing decision support for patients are needed to drive broader adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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