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Aim: Of the few instruments available to measure the important, positive aspects of caring, the Caregiver Reaction Assessment is regarded as the most suitable, but there is no validated Spanish version. The aim of this study was to translate the Caregiver Reaction Assessment into Spanish and assess its psychometric properties. Methods: The Caregiver Reaction Assessment was translated into Spanish and then back translated. Validation included construct validity, criterion validity and reliability: 287 interviews were conducted with informal caregivers of patients with dementia between November 2010 and April 2012. Results: Principal component analysis confirmed the original instrument's five subscales. Criterion validity showed a moderate negative correlation between the impact on health and the EQ‐5D (r = −.43), that is, a greater impact on health correlated with lower health‐related quality of life. The Caregiver Reaction Assessment showed good internal consistency, with a Cronbach alpha of.804, and good temporal stability for the distinct subscales, with intraclass correlation coefficients varying from.683 to.729 (p <.001). Conclusion: The Caregiver Reaction Assessment is a reliable, valid instrument for the measurement of the reactions of informal caregivers of patients with dementia, with good psychometric properties. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? The Caregiver Reaction Assessment is one of the few instruments that measures positive reactions in caregivers.A validated Spanish version of the instrument is required for Spain and other Spanish‐speaking countries. What this paper adds? The Caregiver Reaction Assessment was shown to be a reliable, valid instrument for the measurement of the reactions of informal caregivers of people with dementia in Spain and has good psychometric properties. The implications of this paper: Once validation is complete, the Caregiver Reaction Assessment may be used in all Spanish‐speaking informal caregivers and is suitable for home care and long‐term care institutions.The Caregiver Reaction Assessment subscales allow healthcare professionals to identify and focus on the areas that could bring about the greatest improvements in the care of people with dementia.The Caregiver Reaction Assessment permits the caregiver's state to be viewed at any stage of dementia and offers healthcare professionals the opportunity to act to avoid physical and emotional overload in caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the importance of the stigma construct for the rehabilitation of people with severe mental illness, there are still no scales that offer a measurement for public stigma in Spanish with good psychometric properties. The aim of this paper is to refine and improve an existing scale to measure public stigma towards people with severe mental illness among the Spanish population. We also intended to decrease the number of items in order to facilitate its applicability. 402 college students (73% women) responded to the attributional questionnaire (AQ27) in two subsamples. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis with high cutoffs were conducted. The convergent validity with the resource allocation questionnaire was also tested. We have obtained a parsimonious tool, with 14 items and four factors, and some reliable psychometric indexes and convergent validity. The factors obtained were dangerousness-fear, lack of solidarity, coercion and avoidance. These results improve the findings from other studies that try to validate the AQ27 in other languages. We discuss the different factors that should be considered in the estimation of public stigma and the necessity to implement programmes to reduce it to enable recovery. Since the public stigma of mental illness is an obstacle to recovery and rehabilitation, reliable instruments are needed to assess it. A parsimonious instrument in Spanish with good psychometric characteristics for measuring public stigma is obtained. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, a questionnaire of 14 items is obtained. Four factors constitute the instrument: "dangerousness-fear", "coercion", "lack of solidarity", and "avoidance". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hardy personality or hardiness concept is defined in scientific papers as a personal resource to lessen the negative effects of stressful events on health and to protect it from job strain. Although it is common to find studies on the assessment of this concept in different occupational samples, research in police officers is scarce (even though officers are exposed to stressful events on a daily basis). Moreover, the lack of methodological rigor in the assessment of hardiness promotes the accomplishment of studies that establish the proper use of assessment instruments. The objective of this article is to determine the psychometric characteristics of the Occupational Hardiness Questionnaire (OHQ) n a sample of Spanish police officers. This is a cross-sectional study with 212 officers from Madrid, Spain. Descriptive analysis, correlations, confirmatory factor analysis, and regression analysis were performed. The results showed appropriate validity and reliability, with values for Cronbach's alpha ranging between .81 and .87. As a main conclusion, it can be said that the instrument can be recommended for the assessment of personality hardiness; in addition, its proper application in police officers is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To report a systematic review of the psychometric properties of self-report instruments to identify the symptoms of anxiety in pregnancy to help clinicians and researchers select the most suitable instrument. Background Excessive anxiety in pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes, developmental and behavioural problems in infants and postnatal depression. Despite recommendations for routine psychological assessment in pregnancy, the optimal methods to identify anxiety in pregnancy have not been confirmed. Design Psychometric systematic review. Data sources A systematic literature search of the multiple databases (1990-September 2014). Review methods Identification of self-report instruments to measure anxiety in pregnancy using COSMIN guidelines to assess studies reporting a psychometric evaluation of validity and reliability. Results Thirty-two studies were included. Studies took place in the UK, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Italy, Scandinavia, Spain and the Netherlands. Seventeen different instruments were identified. Measures of validity were reported in 19 papers and reliability in 16. The overall quality of the papers was rated as fair to excellent using the COSMIN checklist. Only one paper scored excellent in more than one category. Conclusion Many instruments have been adapted for use in different populations to those for which they were designed. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale have been tested more frequently than other instruments, yet require further assessment to confirm their value for use in pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary What is known on the subject? In general, the current studies of positive mental health use questionnaires or parts thereof. However, while these questionnaires evaluate aspects of positive mental health, they fail to measure the construct itself., What does this paper add to existing knowledge? The widespread use and the lack of specific questionnaires for evaluating the positive mental health construct justify the need to measure the robustness of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire. Also six factors are proposed to measure positive mental health., What are the implications for practice? The availability of a good questionnaire to measure positive mental health in university students is useful not only to promote mental health but also to strengthen the curricula of future professionals., Abstract Introduction Nursing has a relevant role in managing mental health. It is important to identify and thereafter to enhance positive aspects of mental health among university nursing students. Aim The aim of the present study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire ( PMHQ) in terms of reliability and validity using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of university students. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 1091 students at 4 nursing schools in Catalonia, Spain. The reliability of the PMHQ was measured by means of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the test-retest stability was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the factorial structure. Results Cronbach's alpha coefficient was satisfactory (>0.70) for four of the six subscales or dimensions and ranged from 0.54 to 0.79. ICC analysis was satisfactory for the six subscales or dimensions. The hypothesis was confirmed in the analysis of the correlations between subclasses and the overall scale, with the strongest correlations being found between the majority of the subscales and the overall scale. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model proposed for the factors fit the data satisfactorily. Discussion This scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating positive mental health in university students. Implications for Practice A good questionnaire to measure positive mental health in university students is useful not only to promote mental health but also to strengthen the curricula of future professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: generic, preference-based Health- Related Quality of Life instruments are receiving growing attention in health-care decision-making process. In spite of this, to our knowledge, EQ-5D and SF-6D have never been compared in a Parkinson´s disease population sample.Objective: the aim of this paper was to assess the psychometric properties of both instruments in a Spanish PD population sample.Methods: a total sample of 133 patients were interviewed using EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D. The validity, level of agreement and sensitivity of both instruments were computed and then compared. The Spanish tariff has been used in both instruments.Results: utilities of EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D have shown a strong correlation (r >0.50 and p<0.001) with the summary score of the PDQ-8 and the EQ-VAS score. Significant differences were observed in the stages III-IV of the Hoehn & Yahr stage. SF-6D had 51% higher efficiency than EQ-5D at detecting differences in symptoms severity.Discussion: both EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D seem to be adequate generic Health-Related Quality of Life measures in terms of validity and sensitivity.Conclusion: EQ-5D-3L presents greater ceiling and floor effects than the SF-6D instrument in this sample. Besides, the instrument SF-6D was better at detecting changes in symptoms severity compared with EQ-5D-3L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]