The impacts of renewable energy shifting, passenger car electrification, and lightweighting through 2050 on the atmospheric concentrations of PM2.5 total mass and oxidative stress‐inducing metals (PM2.5‐Fe, Cu, and Zn) in Japan were evaluated using a regional meteorology–chemistry model. The surface concentrations of PM2.5 total mass, Fe, Cu, and Zn in the urban area decreased by 8%, 13%, 18%, and 5%, respectively. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have been considered to have no advantage in terms of non‐exhaust PM emissions by previous studies. This is because the disadvantages (heavier weight increases tire wear, road wear, and resuspention) offset the advantages (regenerative braking system (RBS) reduces brake wear). However, the future lightweighting of drive battery and body frame were estimated to reduce all non‐exhaust PM. Passenger car electrification only reduced PM2.5 concentration by 2%. However, Fe and Cu concentrations were more reduced (−8% and −13%, respectively) because they have high brake wear‐derived and significantly reflects the benefits of BEV's RBS. The water‐soluble fraction concentration of metals (induces oxidative stress in the body) was estimated based on aerosol acidity. The reduction of SOx, NOx, and NH3 emissions from on‐road and thermal power plants slightly changed the aerosol acidity (pH ± 0.2). However, it had a negligible effect on water‐soluble metal concentrations (maximum +2% for Fe and +0.5% for Cu and Zn). Therefore, the metal emissions reduction was more important than gaseous pollutants in decreasing the water‐soluble metals that induces respiratory oxidative stress and passenger car electrification and lightweighting were effective means of achieving this. Plain Language Summary: Water‐soluble metals in PM2.5 induce respiratory oxidative stress. Gaseous pollutants increase the aerosol acidity and contribute to metal dissolution. In this study, the effects of renewable energy shifting, passenger car electrification, and lightweighting by 2050 on the atmospheric concentrations of PM2.5 total mass, Fe, Cu, and Zn and aerosol acidity in Japan were evaluated using atmospheric simulation. Since the regenerative braking system (RBS) of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have lower brake wear emissions than those of conventional vehicles, the penetration of BEVs was effective in reducing the concentrations of Fe and Cu, which have high brake wear dependence (−13% and −18%, respectively, in urban area). Current BEVs increase tire and road wear and resuspension‐derived PM emissions due to their heavy weight, which can be avoided by lightweighting technologies through 2050. The reduction of gaseous pollutants from thermal power plants and on‐road slightly changed aerosol acidity, but the effect on water‐soluble metal concentrations was small. Therefore, it was suggested that reducing primary metal emissions is more important than gaseous pollutants in decreasing concentration of water‐soluble metals that are harmful to the respiratory system, and that vehicle electrification and lightweighting are effective means for that. Key Points: Vehicle electrification effectively reduced the concentrations of PM2.5‐Fe and Cu, which are toxic to respiratory oxidative stressThe lightweighting of battery electric vehicles reduced all non‐exhaust PM from tire, brake, road wear, and resuspensionChanges in aerosol acidity due to gaseous pollutants reduction had little effect on the water‐solubility of metals [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]