4,653 results
Search Results
2. A Cellulose Aerogel Made from Paper and Hemp Waste Added with Starch for the Sorption of Oil.
- Author
-
Paulauskiene, Tatjana, Sirtaute, Egle, and Uebe, Jochen
- Subjects
WASTE paper ,SORPTION ,CELLULOSE ,AEROGELS ,DIESEL fuels - Abstract
One sustainable method of removing oil spills is the use of sorbents. In this study, aerogels made from paper waste and crosslinking starch are investigated as sorbents. Aerogels have a high porosity and, thus, achieve a high sorption capacity. The paper waste aerogels are compared with aerogel samples that also contain hemp fibres as a composite. After hydrophobisation with methyltrimethoxysilane, the maximum sorption capacity of crude oil, marine diesel oil and lubricating oil is investigated. Aerogels made of cellulose from paper waste with starch show the highest sorption capacity of about 50 gg
−1 for all studied oils. Unfortunately, hemp fibres offer no advantage in sorption capacity, but they do mitigate a decrease in sorption capacity with an increase in cellulose fibre content. This could be an advantage in a possible commercial product, so that the properties do not vary as much. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Qualitative Estimation of Petroleum Products on Paper, Cotton, Wood, Cloth using GC-FID.
- Author
-
Sharma, Saniya and Sharma, Priya
- Subjects
- *
PETROLEUM products , *WOOD , *PAPER products , *DIESEL motors , *DIESEL fuels - Abstract
Introduction: The current work aims to investigate the presence of petrol, kerosene, diesel and motor oil on four kinds of exhibits: paper, cloth, wood and cotton after their partial burning. The purpose of this study is to enlighten the choice of selection of target exhibits at the arson scene that will surely serve the detection of ignitable liquids. Materials and Methods: The experimentation was performed after preparing 20 samples from the obtained 20 exhibits after the 2 days of procurement of using the n-hexane for extraction followed by the analysis on an indispensable tool named GC-FID. Results: Based on the physio-chemical properties of petroleum products along the characteristics of the exhibits, positive results have been obtained indicating the presence of petroleum products in the samples highlighting the detection levels ranging from low to intermediate to high degrees. Low level of petrol has been detected in paper indicating due to less adsorption stimulates the evaporation of petrol to greater extent than from the other exhibits. On the contrary, best results have been encountered for petrol detection from cotton and cloth (made up of Cotton fabric) reflecting the good retention capacity and the best material to select at the time of collection of fire debris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Auction Sale Of U/s Khaki Cover Paper Of Different Size U/s Nickel/dust Scrap U/s Wooden Pallets With G I Strip U/s Rain Affected Polythene Sheets In Assorted Size And Colors-pcb Category U/s Used Light Diesel Oil-pcb Category
- Subjects
Diesel fuels ,Polyethylene ,Auctions ,Materials handling -- Equipment and supplies ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for Auction Sale of U/s Khaki Cover Paper of Different Size U/s Nickel/dust Scrap U/s Wooden Pallets with G I Strip U/s Rain Affected Polythene Sheets in [...]
- Published
- 2024
5. The effects of particle contamination on high blend palm biodiesel against fuel filter blockage.
- Author
-
Haryono, Ihwan, Rochmanto, Budi, Mohtar, Setiapraja, Hari, and Yubaidah, Siti
- Subjects
FUEL filters ,DIESEL motor exhaust gas ,DIESEL fuels ,BIODIESEL fuels ,FILTER paper ,ENERGY security - Abstract
In order to increase energy security or to reduce diesel engine exhaust emissions, the use of biodiesel fuel is continuously increased. This effort is carried out by increasing the composition of biodiesel in the biodiesel blends. One of other considerations regarding the use high composition biodiesel blends above 20% (B20) is the concern of fuel filter blockage or shorten the life time. Various efforts have been done to overcome filter blocking problems due to the use of biodiesel, so that mitigation can be carried out. One of the evaluations of the effect of using palm oil biodiesel with a high composition above 20% has been carried out by acceleration testing in a test rig with additional dust contaminants. The test used fuel filter paper with a porosity of 30 micron with variations in the composition of the test fuel, namely pure diesel/B0 (Pertadex), B30, B50 and B70. The test was carried out by flowing the test fuels through filter paper in a DENSO standard test rig in temperature ambient (around 29°C). Filter blocking was recorded by the differential pressure (delta pressure) between before and after of the test filter paper. The results show that for the pure diesel and biodiesel blends without any contaminants, there is no increase in the differential pressure. Otherwise, for the addition of 3 grams of contaminants per 15 liters of test fuels, a higher biodiesel composition will result in a faster increase in the filter differential pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Activity of Catalytic Ceramic Papers to Remove Soot Particles—A Study of Different Types of Soot.
- Author
-
Leonardi, Sabrina Antonela, Miró, Eduardo Ernesto, and Milt, Viviana Guadalupe
- Subjects
- *
SOOT , *CATALYTIC activity , *WASTE gases , *CATALYSIS , *CATALYST supports , *DIESEL fuels , *OPTICAL hole burning - Abstract
Diesel soot particles are of concern for both the environment and health. To catalytically remove them, it is important to know their structure and composition. There is little described in the literature on how catalysts favor the combustion of different soot fractions. In this work, programmed temperature oxidation (TPO) experiments were carried out using Co,Ce or Co,Ba,K catalysts supported on ceramic papers. Soot particles were obtained by burning diesel fuel in a vessel (LabSoot) or by filtering exhaust gases from a turbo diesel engine in a DPF filter (BenchSoot), and compared with a commercial diesel soot: Printex U. Various characterization techniques were useful to relate the characteristics of both the soot particles and the catalysts with the TPO results. The maximum catalytic soot burn rate (TM) temperatures were in the range of diesel exhaust temperatures that would facilitate in-situ regeneration of the DPF. The Co,Ba,K catalyst showed a higher catalytic effect in LabSoot, as the latter exhibited the largest primary particles and the higher order of graphene layers, for which the potassium-containing catalyst improves the contact between soot and catalyst and favors the combustion of soot, while the Co,Ce catalyst preferentially enhanced the combustion of commercial soot by supplying active oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Diesel Fuel (euro 5), Coupon, 1 Liter validity Period: Vouchers Must Be Valid For At Least 3 Months From The Date Of Receipt Or Have An Unlimited Validity Period. Receipts For Receiving The Goods Are Paper Or Plastic, Single-use, With A Denomination Of
- Subjects
Diesel fuels ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for Diesel fuel (euro 5), coupon, 1 liter validity period: vouchers must be valid for at least 3 months from the date of receipt or have an [...]
- Published
- 2023
8. Dk 021: 2015 09130000-9 Oil And Distillates (diesel Fuel (plastic Coupons (cards), Paper Denominations Of 5, 10, 20 Liters))
- Subjects
Diesel fuels ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for dk 021: 2015 09130000-9 oil and distillates (diesel fuel (plastic coupons (cards), paper denominations of 5, 10, 20 liters)) 1296000uah With vat Major organization : KP [...]
- Published
- 2023
9. Dk 021: 2015 09130000-9 Petroleum And Distillates (gasoline A-95, Diesel Fuel (plastic Coupons (cards), Paper Denominations Of 5, 10, 20 Liters))
- Subjects
Diesel fuels ,Gasoline ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for dk 021: 2015 09130000-9 petroleum and distillates (gasoline a-95, diesel fuel (plastic coupons (cards), paper denominations of 5, 10, 20 liters)) 511000uah Vat Major organization : [...]
- Published
- 2023
10. K 021: 2015 09130000-9 Petroleum And Distillates (diesel Fuel (plastic Coupons (cards), Paper Denominations Of 5, 10, 20 Liters))
- Subjects
Diesel fuels ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for k 021: 2015 09130000-9 petroleum and distillates (diesel fuel (plastic coupons (cards), paper denominations of 5, 10, 20 liters)) 110000uah Vat Major organization : KP OUR [...]
- Published
- 2022
11. Diesel Fuel (plastic, Paper Coupons (cards) Or Their Analogues With A Denomination Of 5, 10, 20 Liters Each)
- Subjects
Diesel fuels ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for diesel fuel (plastic, paper coupons (cards) or their analogues with a denomination of 5, 10, 20 liters each) 156000uah With vat Major organization : MAYAKIV LYCEUM [...]
- Published
- 2022
12. Dk 021:2015 - 09130000-9 Petroleum And Distillates (diesel Fuel (plastic, Paper Coupons (cards) Or Their Analogues With A Denomination Of 5, 10, 20 Liters))
- Subjects
Diesel fuels ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for dk 021:2015 - 09130000-9 petroleum and distillates (diesel fuel (plastic, paper coupons (cards) or their analogues with a denomination of 5, 10, 20 liters)) 220000uah Vat [...]
- Published
- 2022
13. A-92 Gasoline, A-95 Gasoline, Diesel Fuel (plastic, Paper Coupons (cards)
- Subjects
Diesel fuels ,Gasoline ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for a-92 gasoline, a-95 gasoline, diesel fuel (plastic, paper coupons (cards) with denominations of 5, 10, 20 liters each) under the code dk 021: 2015 09130000-9 oil [...]
- Published
- 2022
14. Cellulose aerogel composites as oil sorbents and their regeneration.
- Author
-
Paulauskiene, Tatjana, Uebe, Jochen, and Ziogas, Mindaugas
- Subjects
AEROGELS ,CELLULOSE ,WASTE paper ,SORBENTS ,DIESEL fuels - Abstract
Background: With every oil tanker comes the risk of an accident and oil spill. Sorbents are the most suitable means to remove oil spills. Aerogels as sorbents have high porosity and can be made from cellulose from paper waste. The literature does not distinguish between paper and cardboard as sources of cellulose aerogels and little is known about composites of cellulose aerogels consisting of cellulose fibres and chemically untreated, unprocessed fibres or particles of straw, wool, macroalgae or cellulose acetate from cigarette butts. In this study, the sorption properties for marine diesel oil and biodiesel of such aerogels and their regenerative capacity with bioethanol were investigated. Methods: Cellulose aerogels were prepared from office paper and cardboard waste without and with chemically untreated algae, straw, wool and cellulose acetate as a composite by freeze drying. All samples were hydrophobised with methylsilane. The density to calculate the porosity and the contact angle were determined. Then the sorption capacity was determined over five cycles of sorption of oil and regeneration with bioethanol. Results: The average contact angle of all samples was 125°, indicating hydrophobicity. Paper-based aerogels were found to consistently have higher sorption capacities for biodiesel, marine diesel oil and bioethanol than cardboard-based aerogels. In particular, the wool/cellulose aerogel composite was found to have better sorption capacity for biodiesel, marine diesel oil and bioethanol than all other samples. The cellulose acetate/cellulose aerogel composite showed significantly higher sorption capacities than the paper and cardboard control samples (highest value is 32.25 g g
−1 ) only when first used as a sorbent for biodiesel, but with a rapid decrease in the following cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Drivers and barriers in retrofitting pulp and paper industry with bioenergy for more efficient production of liquid, solid and gaseous biofuels: A review.
- Author
-
Mäki, Elina, Saastamoinen, Heidi, Melin, Kristian, Matschegg, Doris, and Pihkola, Hanna
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *BIOMASS liquefaction , *METHANOL as fuel , *BIOMASS energy , *RETROFITTING , *ETHANOL as fuel , *HYDROTHERMAL carbonization , *DIESEL fuels - Abstract
Ample interest for more efficient utilization of bio-based residues has emerged in the Nordic pulp and paper (P&P) industry, which uses virgin wood as feedstock. Although different bioenergy retrofit technologies for production of liquid, solid, and gaseous bioenergy products have been applied in the existing P&P mills, the number of installations remains small. The lack of profound knowledge of existing bioenergy retrofits hinders the replication and market uptake of potential technologies. This review synthesises the existing knowledge of European installations and identifies the key drivers and barriers for implementation to foster the market uptake of potential technologies. The bioenergy retrofits were reviewed in terms of technical maturity, drivers, barriers and market potential. Based on this evaluation, common drivers and barriers towards wider market uptake were outlined from political, economic, social, technical, environmental, and legal perspective. Technologies already commercially applied include anaerobic fermentation of sludge, bark gasification, tall oil diesel and bioethanol production, whereas lignin extraction, biomethanol production, hydrothermal liquefaction and hydrothermal carbonization are being demonstrated or first applications are under construction. The findings of this review show that a stable flow of residues at P&P mills creates a solid base for retrofitting. New innovative bio-based products would allow widening the companies' product portfolios and creating new businesses. Also, European Union's (EU) legislation drives towards advanced biofuels production. Wider uptake of the retrofitting technologies requires overcoming the barriers related to uncertainty of economic feasibility and unestablished markets for new products rather than technical immaturity. • Bioenergy retrofits can widen the product portfolio of the pulp and paper industry. • Bioenergy retrofits in Europe were comprehensively reviewed for the first time. • Drivers and barriers for the market uptake were assessed from different perspectives. • Retrofits support the REDII targets for advanced biofuels in transport sector. • Utilization of residues for bioenergy products improves mills' resource efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ADSORPTION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS USING NATURAL ZEOLITIC TUFF FROM ROMANIA.
- Author
-
Hoaghia, Maria-Alexandra, Kovacs, Eniko, Roman, Cecilia, Senila, Marin, and Aschilean, oan
- Subjects
INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry ,DIESEL fuels ,VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc. ,ADSORPTION (Chemistry) ,FILTER paper ,HYDROCARBONS - Abstract
Various eco-friendly and cost-effective hydrocarbons clean-up methods based on natural sorbents were developed and tested, in order to prevent the massive environmental damage due to the petroleum spills.Among these sorbents, natural zeolitic tuffs are easily available and have numerous adsorptive properties that make them appropriate for the removal of petroleum substances. This study aims to preliminary investigate the sorptioncapacity of natural zeolites from a deposit located atRacos, Brasov County, Romania for diesel oil sorption. Two different zeolitic materials having particles size <10 micronsand 1-3 mm, thermally activated at two different temperatures, were used in this study. Zeolite samples were characterized in terms of major elements and major oxides contents,using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), after acid digestion and also in terms of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). For the experiments, an amount of 3.5 g of each adsorbingmaterials was placed in crystallizing glass columns dish, then diesel oil was added until the saturation of the whole bed. Afterwards, the excess of diesel oil was removed using a filter paper. The sorption capacity (SC) was determined by weighing. The results showed SC ranging between0.19 –0.26 g/g, for zeolites with particles size of 1-3 mm and, much higher SC, in the range of 1.5 –1.6 g/g, for zeolites with particles size <10 microns. This study offersvaluable information for the use of Romanian natural zeolites in the clean-up of different media contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Catalytic ceramic paper for the combustion of diesel soot
- Author
-
Banús, E.D., Ulla, M.A., Galván, M.V., Zanuttini, M.A., Milt, V.G., and Miró, E.E.
- Subjects
- *
CERAMIC fibers , *DIESEL fuels , *COMBUSTION , *METAL catalysts , *POTASSIUM nitrate , *CERIUM oxides , *HIGH temperatures , *CONFORMATIONAL analysis - Abstract
Abstract: This work analyzes the application of a ceramic paper to the diesel soot combustion reaction in air. The catalytic paper is made of ceramic fibers, cerium oxide and potassium nitrate. The synthesis of this material is easy and fast, and provides a high-temperature resistant paper that can be readily adapted to different conformations and geometries. The presence of potassium and cerium as active ingredients confers high catalytic activity for the reaction studied under loose contact, showing a maximum combustion rate at 395°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. White paper: Preliminary assessment of LNG vehicle technology, economics, and safety issues (Revision 1). Topical report, April-August 1991
- Author
-
Browning, L
- Published
- 1992
19. Density Prediction Model of Binary or Ternary Diesel Fuel Blends with Biodiesel and Ethanol for Compression-Ignition Engine Calculations.
- Author
-
Chen, Gang, Zhang, Xiaoteng, Zhao, Yang, Pang, Yafeng, Jin, Chao, and Liu, Haifeng
- Subjects
DIESEL motors ,DIESEL fuels ,BIODIESEL fuels ,PREDICTION models ,FUEL quality ,DENSITY ,ENGINES - Abstract
Density is an important indicator for evaluating diesel fuel quality that directly affects the injection timing and injection rule of the engine, and also has a significant impact on the spray broken particle size, the spray penetration distance, the spray cone angle, and so forth, which in turn affects the combustion process and pollutant emission of the compression-ignition engine. Therefore, it is important to accurately predict the diesel fuel mixture density in industrial and compression-ignition engines. However, the mathematical models for predicting the density of diesel fuel mixture with changed temperature are relatively lacking and less accurate, especially for ternary diesel fuel mixtures with different physicochemical properties. This paper proposes a mathematical model including binary and ternary diesel mixtures under changed fuel volume fraction and temperature, and published data were used for verification. The data verification results show that: for the density prediction of binary diesel fuel mixtures at constant temperature, the average relative deviation (ARD) is 0.0245%, the RMS error (RMSE) is 0.000344, and the correlation coefficient (R) is 0.9993. For the density prediction of binary diesel fuel mixtures at changed temperature, the ARD is 0.0609%, the RMSE is 0.000695, and R is 0.9980. For the density prediction of ternary diesel fuel mixtures at constant temperature, the ARD is lower than 0.0571%, the RMSE is lower than 0.000610, and R is higher than 0.9861. For the density prediction of ternary diesel fuel mixtures at changed temperature, the ARD is 0.0484%, the RMSE is 0.000513, and R is 0.9996. The diesel mixed fuel density prediction model proposed in this paper has good accuracy and calculation convenience, and provides important reference value for measuring or designing the density of diesel mixed fuel in the field of compression-ignition engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Sampling and recovery of ignitable liquid residues (ILRs) from fire debris using capillary microextraction of volatiles (CMV) for on‐site analysis.
- Author
-
Valdes, Nicole B. and Almirall, José R.
- Subjects
DIESEL fuels ,VOLATILE organic compounds ,CAPILLARIES ,SAMPLING (Process) ,CHARCOAL - Abstract
A new, fast, and ultra‐sensitive headspace sampling method using the Capillary Microextraction of Volatiles (CMV) device is demonstrated for the analysis of ignitable liquid residues (ILRs) in fire debris. This headspace sampling method involves the use of a heated can (60°C) to aid in the recovery of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from medium and heavy petroleum distillates. Our group has previously reported the utility of CMV to extract gasoline at ambient temperature in less than 5 min in the field. This work evaluates the recovery and analysis of low mass loadings (tens of ng) of VOCs from charcoal lighter fluid, kerosene, and diesel fuel. Nonane, decane, undecane, tridecane, tetradecane, and pentadecane were selected for evaluation of recovery to represent these ILR classes. The face‐down heated can headspace sampling technique was compared to the previously reported, non‐heated, paper cup headspace sampling technique. Mass recovery improvements of 50%–200% for five of the six target compounds in diesel fuel were achieved compared to the non‐heated sampling method. The average relative standard deviation (reported as % RSD) between the replicate trials decreased from an average of 28% to 6% when using the heated can method. Ignitable liquids were spiked onto burned debris in a live burn exercise and sampled using the heated can and paper cup headspace sampling techniques. The heated sampling technique reported here, for the first time, demonstrates an effective extraction method that when coupled to a portable GC–MS instrument allows for a sampling and analysis protocol in the field in less than 30 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Modification of combustion systems for low exhaust emission and its effects on durability of prechamber diesel engine. SAE Paper 760213
- Author
-
Usami, K
- Published
- 1976
22. Effects of a barium-based fuel additive on particulate emissions from diesel engines. SAE Paper 770828
- Author
-
Sawyer, R
- Published
- 1977
23. Identification of mutagenic compounds in extracts of diesel exhaust particulates. Paper 81. 56. 1
- Author
-
Trayser, D
- Published
- 1981
24. Factors influencing diesel emissions. Paper 680528
- Author
-
Hurn, R
- Published
- 1968
25. INDICADORES DO SETOR DE APARAS.
- Author
-
VILAS BOAS, PEDRO
- Subjects
WASTE paper ,PRICES ,DIESEL fuels ,VALUE (Economics) ,PACKAGING industry ,RECYCLED products ,SCRAP materials ,EXPORTS ,ALUMINUM prices - Abstract
Copyright of O Papel is the property of Associacao Brasileira Tecnica de Celulose e Papel and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
26. Recent developments in beneficiation of fine and ultra-fine coal -review paper.
- Author
-
Ramudzwagi, M., Tshiongo-Makgwe, N., and Nheta, W.
- Subjects
- *
COAL mine waste , *COAL , *COAL combustion , *DISSOLVED air flotation (Water purification) , *PETROLEUM waste , *DIESEL fuels , *WASTE products - Abstract
Generation of fines and ultra-fines is a concept that mining and metallurgical sectors can never shy away since the beginning of coal exploration. These coal fines and ultra-fines are what coal mines regarded as waste material without economic value until the present moment. Poor technologies in the past led to stockpiling of large quantities of fines and ultra-fines. Increase in mechanization in the coal mining industry has also led to the generation of large quantities of coal fines and ultra-fines. Several techniques in the mineral processing sector have been explored to beneficiate the coal fines and ultra-fines. The explored beneficiating technologies include enhanced gravity separation, oil agglomeration, flotation, flocculation, spirals, water only cyclone and dense medium cyclone. These beneficiating technologies have their own limitations when treating fine and ultrafine coal. Major limitations were operation cost and separation efficiency. However, many researchers have improved these beneficiation technologies in terms of cost and separation efficiencies producing clean coal product that meet the end user product specifications. This paper reviews recent developments in beneficiation technologies of coal fines and coal ultra-fines. • Developments in processing of fine and ultra-fine coal have been reviewed. • Recovery efficiency of different beneficiation processes of coal fines was analysed. • Enhanced gravity separators are the new alternative in the beneficiation of coal fines and ultra-fines. • Bio waste and waste oil to replace diesel collector or binder for surface based beneficiation. • Future developments in the processing of coal fines and ultra-fines have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. THE UTILIZATION OF THE CELLULOSE-BASED AEROGEL FOR AN OIL SPILL CLEANING.
- Author
-
Paulauskiene, Tatjana, Anne, Olga, Viederyte, Rasa, and Abele, Lilita
- Subjects
OIL spill cleanup ,DIESEL fuels ,OIL spills ,PETROLEUM ,WASTE paper - Abstract
The investigation of cellulose-based aerogel production and its application to oil product clean up from the water surface was performed in this research work. Three kinds of aerogel with 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 wt. % of cellulose have been produced. The analysis of aerogel's maximum sorption capacity as well as its regeneration for sorption of crude oil, marine diesel oil (MDO) and biodiesel sorption from water surface were performed during this study. It was found that the best sorption properties have 7.5 wt. % cellulose aerogel and it is best suited for crude oil recovery. Moreover, crude oil products sorption capacity after aerogels reusing 10 times decreased from 9.964 to 5.649 g·g
-1 , as well as for the marine diesel oil – from 9.108 to 6.376 g·g-1 and for biodiesel – from 7.921 to 5.649 g·g-1 respectively. Using the squeezing method for aerogels regeneration up to 43% of sorption capacity was lost after 10 sorption/regeneration cycles. The best sorption properties after regeneration had aerogel with 5.0 wt. % cellulose [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Paper or plastic? Plastic, since it can become diesel fuel
- Author
-
Tellem, Tori
- Subjects
Diesel fuels ,Sports and fitness ,Travel, recreation and leisure - Abstract
Researchers at the University of Illinois have found that run-of-the-mill plastic bags can be converted into diesel, as well as other petroleum products. The process involves heating the bags in [...]
- Published
- 2014
29. Supply Of High Speed Diesel Oil (hsd) As Per Is 1460:2017 (latest) At Bnpm Plant
- Subjects
Diesel fuels ,Paper mills ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for Supply of High Speed Diesel Oil (hsd) as Per is 1460:2017 (latest) at Bnpm Plant. Tender Category : Goods Major organization : Bank Note Paper Mill [...]
- Published
- 2023
30. Recovery of Oily Products from Organic Fraction of Black Liquor via Pyrolysis.
- Author
-
Demirbas, A.
- Subjects
RENEWABLE energy sources ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,WASTE products as fuel ,DIESEL fuels ,PAPER mills ,PAPER coatings industry - Abstract
Black liquor, a by-product of the papermaking alkaline Kraft process, is an important liquid fuel in the pulp and paper industry. Black liquor consists of Kraft lignin constituents and residual carboxylic acids. The black liquors can be converted to liquid, gas, and char fuels by chemical and thermal treatments. The yields of liquid and gaseous products generally depend on pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and particle size. The yields of total liquid and gaseous products from the black liquor by pyrolysis increase from 8.5 to 60.2% with increasing temperature from 600 K to 950 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. U.S. DOE OFFERS $160 MILLION FOR BIOREFINERY CONSTRUCTION, PULP/PAPER MAKERS HOPE TO GET PIECE OF THE ACTION
- Subjects
Diesel fuels ,Business ,Petroleum, energy and mining industries - Abstract
The U.S. Dept. of Energy announced a solicitation for up to three biorefineries. American Forest & Paper Association 'Agenda 2020' alliance hopes to land some DOE funds for one such [...]
- Published
- 2006
32. Comparative analysis of carbon particle emissions from exhaust of an IC engine using HSD and blends of HSD and Honge/Jatropha biodiesel.
- Author
-
B., Putta Bore GOWDA, CHANDRASHEKAR, R., S., Mohana KUMAR, and V. N., Akanksh
- Subjects
DIESEL motors ,PARTICULATE matter ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,CARBON emissions ,BIODIESEL fuels ,CARBON analysis ,JATROPHA ,DIESEL fuels - Abstract
In spite of the surge in solar and wind energy in the recent years, the IC engines, particularly the diesel engines may be expected to stay on for the next 30 years at least. In this context, it is imperative to find alternative fuel sources for petro diesel, at least in part. Inedible oil based biodiesels are one good option for India. There is a slight decrease in performance of a diesel engine when run with biodiesel blends. It is also feared by some that pollution from exhaust gas by using biodiesel blends may be higher. This paper summarizes the results of experiments carried out on biodiesel blends with diesel to determine the amounts and particle sizes of carbon particulate matter emissions in engine exhaust. Blends of two esterified oils, viz., Honge (Pongamia Pinnata) and Jatropha, with petro diesel were used to operate a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine. Blend ratios used were 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The carbon particles in exhaust were collected on an INDICA filter paper for 5 minutes. The carbon content was ascertained by the standard procedure, and the size of particles was found by microscopic examination. Further ANOVA of the data was carried out separately for the Honge and Jatropha blends. The results from the experiments are clear and interesting. Both Honge and Jatropha blends increase the amount of carbon particulates in engine exhaust when compared with diesel. Carbon particulates increase with increase in load on the engine. Increase of blend ratio generally increases the carbon in exhaust in case of Jatropha blends. The behaviour with Honge blends is different. While blend H5 has highest carbon in exhaust at low loads, at high loads, H10 has the maximum carbon in exhaust. Blending with Honge or Jatropha biodiesel increases the carbon particle size in exhaust. While the size of carbon particles with diesel is < 20 µm, it is > 20 µm with all blends, increasing with load or blend ratio. In all cases, lower loads result in finer carbon particles in exhaust. The study helps in concluding that both Honge and Jatropha blends could be used in diesel engines, Honge being superior. Though the PM level in the exhaust will be higher with blending, the particle sizes will be much larger and hence causing less health hazard. Further, idling (no load), or low loads should be avoided since these result in smaller carbon particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The use of palm oil for light and heavy diesel engines and its environmental benefits for Helsinki.
- Author
-
Pouresmaeil, H. and Nabi Bidhendi, G. R.
- Subjects
DIESEL motors ,HEAVY oil ,WASTE products as fuel ,DIESEL fuels ,BIODIESEL fuels ,CITIES & towns - Abstract
Recently, many studies have been published in the field of using different biodiesels in diesel engines. However, the use of these fuels has not been used for different case studies. Moreover, scholars have not paid attention to factors like the price of utilized biodiesels and their costs, considerably. In the present paper, we are concerned with the use of palm oil as a cheap and abundant biodiesel in two different light and heavy diesel engines, and its environmental blueprint was also investigated for Helsinki. A CFD code was taken into consideration to estimate the amount of NO and PM emissions from different diesel engines. Although many different diesel engines can be utilized in a city, however, this research showed how an engine fueled by palm-based biodiesel can be balanced to satisfy the requirements related to the limitation of emissions for Helsinki, annually. It was found that, for this region, the 30% palm oil/diesel mixed fuel led to an insignificant increase in NOx emissions by 0.2% for the light-duty engine and a decrease of 0.7% for the heavy-duty engine whereas a significant decrease in PM emissions by 24 and 11.5% for light-duty diesel engine and heavy-duty diesel engine, respectively. The results of the presented paper demonstrated that there is a narrow border between the fuel waste amount and the exhaust NOx, highlighting the need for obtaining a balanced state between them for different cities based on their sources and their pollution status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Assessing Particulate Emissions of Novel Synthetic Fuels and Fossil Fuels under Different Operating Conditions of a Marine Engine and the Impact of a Closed-Loop Scrubber.
- Author
-
Fischer, Dennis, Vith, Wiktoria, and Unger, Jonas Lloyd
- Subjects
GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,MARINE engine emissions ,SYNTHETIC fuels ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,DIESEL fuels - Abstract
Particle emissions from marine activities next to gaseous emissions have attracted increasing attention in recent years, whether in the form of black carbon for its contribution to global warming or as fine particulate matter posing a threat to human health. Coastal areas are particularly affected by this. Hence, there is a great need for shipping to explore alternative fuels that both reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as anticipated through IMO, and also have the potential to reduce particle emissions significantly. This paper presents a comparative study of the particulate emissions of two novel synthetic/biofuels (GTL and HVO), which might, in part, substitute traditionally used distillate liquid fuels (e.g., MDO). HFO particulate emissions, in combination with an EGCS, formed the baseline. The main emphasis was laid on particle concentration (PN) and particulate matter (PM) emissions, combining gravimetric and particle number measurements. Measurements were conducted on a 0.72 MW research engine at different loads (25%, 50%, and 75%). The results show that novel fuels produce slightly fewer emissions than diesel fuel. Results also exhibit a clear trend that particle formation decreases as engine load increases. The EGCS only moderately reduces particle emissions for all complaint fuels, which is related to the formation of very fine particles, especially at high engine loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Influence of Dimethyl Ether Combustion in the Compression-Ignition Engine on the Peak and Effective Measures of the Vibroacoustic Process and Toxic Compounds Emission.
- Author
-
Waligórski, Marek, Bajerlein, Maciej, Karpiuk, Wojciech, and Smolec, Rafał
- Subjects
DIESEL motors ,METHYL ether ,METHYL formate ,COMBUSTION ,ROOT-mean-squares ,DIESEL fuels ,CARBON monoxide ,WASTE gases - Abstract
The scientific paper conducted empirical studies related to the effectiveness of the use of dimethyl ether as an additive to diesel fuel and its impact on the efficiency of the mixture creation and combustion process. The measure of the above quality was the observation and parametric assessment of the then generated vibroacoustic processes, the relations of which were assessed using the peak and effective value of vibration accelerations, and also assessment of toxic exhaust gas components. The transformation of the main process into its vibroacoustic and emission representations allowed for the construction of mathematical relations between them, expressed in a specific engine operating space, and a vector of tribological parameters, expressing specific friction changes occurring in the critical kinematic pairs of the combustion and mixture formation area. The tests were carried out on a single-cylinder research engine with direct fuel injection, in stationary conditions with a time-invariant control vector. As part of the procedures, a constant and optimal value of thermodynamic parameters defining the thermal state of the engine was maintained, minimizing external forces and disturbances that could affect the active value of the measurement signal. The research results are empirical vibroacoustic and emission characteristics for various signal domains and their parameterization supplemented with a detailed analysis of the results, developed vibroacoustic and emission mathematical models depending on the operating parameters, type of fuel and combustible mixture formation variables, supplemented with an assessment of their degree of mapping to the dynamic source process. The dimethyl ether application resulted in a emission reduction by the coefficient: 24.3-57.8 (hydrocarbons), 1.03-1.24 (carbon monoxide), and an increase in nitrogen oxides in the range of 1.01-1.08. The use of dimethyl ether as a base fuel component has a positive effect on reducing the peak value of vibration accelerations in the range of 16-28%, and the root mean square in the range of 14-65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Comparative analysis of waste-derived pyrolytic fuels applied in a contemporary compression ignition engine.
- Author
-
RYBAK, Arkadiusz, HUNICZ, Jacek, SZPICA, Dariusz, MIKULSKI, Maciej, GĘCA, Michał, and WOŚ, Paweł
- Subjects
ENGINES ,PYROLYSIS ,USED cars ,POLYSTYRENE ,DIESEL fuels - Abstract
The outcomes of research regarding pyrolysis oils obtained from waste sources (WPO) used to power a compression-ignition engine have been presented in this paper. Oils obtained in an industrial process based on polypropylene (PPO), polystyrene (PSO) and used car tires (TPO) were used. Prior to conducting engine tests, a in-depth examination of the tested fuels parameters was undertaken. An advanced single-cylinder research engine utilizing split fuel injection technique was used for the tests. Emission analysis was performed using multi-compound FTIR analytical system. The WPO were blended with diesel fuel in proportions of 20%, on the mass basis and tested at middle engine load and variable EGR rates. Tests have shown that modern combustion systems compliant with the Tier 4/Stage IV standard with multi-pulse injection can handle fuels with a WPO content of 20% without the need for recalibration. The addition of PPO did not significantly affect the emission, while mixing with PSO resulted in elevated levels of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. Regarding to the mixture with TPO, increased levels of particulate matter, sulfur oxides, aromatic compounds and formic acid were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. STUDY ON A BETTER MANAGEMENT IN A MODERN FARM USING DIFFERENT FUELS FOR TRACTOR ENGINES.
- Author
-
DUMITRU, Mariana
- Subjects
PROPANE as fuel ,LIQUEFIED petroleum gas ,METHANOL as fuel ,PROPANE ,FUEL ,ANTIKNOCK gasoline ,DIESEL fuels ,FARM management - Abstract
In a modern agricultural farm, efficient management of power used in the farm is fully as important as efficient management of machinery. This paper studied the importance of using one or other type of fuels in the final result, which is the efficiency of the engine used by a tractor or other machinery used in the farm. The fuels considered are diesel oil, hydrogen, liquified petroleum gas, premium gasoline, propane, methanol and ethanol. The manager decision of using one or another fuel is based on each fuel energy value, combustion characteristics and economy. The farm manager also must consider the adjustments that must be made to tractor engine if using one or another fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
38. Invited Commentary on Dr. Isaac Kaplan's Paper "Age Dating of Environmental Organic Residues".
- Author
-
Harvey, Elizabeth A.
- Subjects
- *
TIME measurements , *ORGANIC compounds , *ORGANIC chemistry , *PETROLEUM products , *GASOLINE , *DIESEL fuels , *GROUNDWATER , *INDUSTRIAL contamination - Abstract
Comments on the paper "Age Dating of Environmental Organic Residues," by Isaac Kaplan. Focus of the commentary on the petroleum fuels of organic materials; Recognition of the factors considered during age dating of petroleum releases; Importance of establishing a constituent in the fuel; Development of ratios of dateable constituents relating to fuel constituents; Proposal to estimate age in gasoline contaminated groundwater; Discussion of the nC17/ pristane ratio for age dating diesel fuels and the T8 ratio for dating regular and mid-grade gasolines.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Developing a carbon footprint model and environmental impact analysis of municipal solid waste transportation: A case study of Tehran, Iran.
- Author
-
Rouhi, Kiana, Motlagh, Majid Shafiepour, and Dalir, Fatemeh
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,ECOLOGICAL impact ,GREENHOUSE gases ,OZONE layer depletion ,SOLID waste ,DIESEL fuels ,FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
The greenhouse gas emitted due to transportation is the third greatest emitter globally, and its impact has become a threat to the environment, public health, and economic development. Waste transportation is excluded in studies of waste management despite its significant environmental impacts such as global warming and human toxicity. The objective of this study is to develop a quantification model to estimate the carbon footprint of waste transportation and environmental impact assessments in three categories applied in Tehran using IPCC guidelines. In Tehran, light and heavy vehicles ran on diesel fuel. Data on fuel and waste characteristics were provided by Tehran's department of transportation and municipality, respectively. In this study, transportrelated emissions are 8.47 k tonCO2eq/y, and the carbon footprint of waste transportation is 93.57 g of CO2 eq per ton of waste transported (t.km), which is relevant to three main parameters: the amount of waste transported annually, the freight shipped from the temporary station to the disposal landfill site, and fossil fuels consumed. Also, an environmental impact assessment in three categories - human health (global warming, abiotic depletion, and ozone layer depletion), resources (fossil fuels), and ecosystem quality (acidification and eutrophication) - using SimaPro, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool is presented. Global warming (3.49 kg CO
2 eq/t MSW), human toxicity (0.95 kg 1,4-DB eq/t MSW), and freshwater aquatic eco-toxicity (0.04 kg 1,4-DB eq/t MSW) have the greatest impact among categories. Sensitivity analysis of the effective parameters allows us to conclude one of the potential implications of this study would be the introduction of natural gas or biogas-based trucks replacing diesel fuel vehicles to improve air quality and mitigate the greenhouse gas emission. Implications: This paper addresses the significant issue of global warming, particularly in Iran, a developing country that ranks among the top contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. The study emphasizes the importance of evaluating emissions across various sectors such as electricity, waste, etc., Specifically, in this paper we focus on developing a model to quantify the environmental impact resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, focus on the metropolitan city of Tehran as a case study. By examining the waste transportation process, we aim to provide decision-makers with effective strategies to mitigate the environmental consequences. In this paper, we develop a simple quantification term of Carbon Footprint to calculate total greenhouse gas emission of waste transportation process. Carbon Footprint is a fraction which, its numerator is total greenhouse gas emission and its denominator is total waste transported in traveled distance. Effective parameters have been investigated and based on parameters and emission factors taken out of IPPC, the carbon footprint model have been developed. The total greenhouse gas emission of this study and the carbon footprint has estimated at 8.47 k tonCO2eq/y and 93.57 g CO2eq/t.km respectively. Furthermore, the paper explores additional environmental impacts beyond global warming, including abiotic depletion, ozone layer depletion, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation, and freshwater aquatic eco-toxicity. Using SimaPro software these eight impact categories have been estimated. in this study we identify fossil fuel consumption, traveled distance, and mass transported are the primary parameters influencing greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint. To reduce emissions in the waste transportation system, we suggest promoting renewable biofuels, highlighting Iran as a suitable candidate due to its high percentage of biodegradable material in municipal solid waste. Additionally, the study assesses nonrenewable energy and mineral extraction using the IMPACT 2002+ V2.15/IMPACT 2002+ method, revealing that global warming (100 years), human toxicity (100 years), freshwater aquatic eco-toxicity, nonrenewable energy, and mineral extraction have the most significant impacts on the municipal solid waste transportation system. Overall, this research underscores the need for quantifying environmental impacts and recommends strategies to mitigate them in waste transportation processes, particularly in developing countries like Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Benders decomposition for internal truck renewal decision in green ports.
- Author
-
Zhen, Lu, Jin, Ying, Wu, Yiwei, Yuan, Yingying, and Tan, Zheyi
- Subjects
GREEN infrastructure ,CONTAINER terminals ,POLLUTION control equipment ,STOCHASTIC programming ,DIESEL fuels ,TRUCK purchasing - Abstract
To effectively decrease emissions and pollution emitted by equipment in container ports, many ports began to update equipment using diesel fuels to achieve the aim of green ports. This paper studies an internal truck renewal problem in container ports and proposes a two-stage stochastic programming model to optimally determine internal truck composition optimization adjustment including three renewal modes, i.e. purchasing, retrofitting, and chartering. An exact solution procedure based on Benders decomposition accelerating by Pareto-optimal cuts is developed for the proposed model. Given the problem background of Shanghai Yangshan Deep Water Port, comprehensive computational experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model and the performance of the solution approach. According to the numerical experiments, some suggestions for the management of renewing internal trucks in green ports are summarized at the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A Comprehensive Review in Microwave Pyrolysis of Biomass, Syngas Production and Utilisation.
- Author
-
Al-Qahtani, Ali Mubarak
- Subjects
MICROWAVE heating ,SYNTHESIS gas ,DIESEL fuels ,PYROLYSIS ,MICROWAVES ,CETANE number - Abstract
Lignocellulosic and waste materials, such as sewage sludge, can be broken down into its useful constituents and converted into fuel for engines. This paper investigates microwave pyrolysis to decompose biomass into H
2 and CO (syngas), which may be catalysed in the Fischer–Tropsch (F-T) process to liquid biofuels. Using microwave radiation as the heat source for pyrolysis proves to yield large quantities of gas with higher concentrations of H2 and CO compared to conventional heating methods. This is largely due to the energy transfer mechanism of microwaves. Pyrolysis parameters such as temperature (which increases with input power), feedstock type, microwave absorber, and biomass moisture content influence syngas yield. Several papers reviewed for this study showed differing optimal conditions for microwave pyrolysis, all being heavily dependent on the biomass used and its composition. However, all researchers agreed on the thermal efficiency of microwave heating and how its material-selective nature can increase syngas yield. Compared to diesel fuels (while processing a similar efficiency and a higher cetane number), FT fuels and specifically pyrolysis may yield the benefit of reduced nitric oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Analysis of Exhaust Pollutants from Four-Stroke Marine Diesel Engines Based on Bench Tests.
- Author
-
Ma, Zhongmin, Du, Taili, Duan, Shulin, Qu, Hongfei, Wang, Kai, Xing, Hui, Zou, Yongjiu, and Sun, Peiting
- Subjects
MARINE engines ,DIESEL motors ,TESTING equipment ,POLLUTANTS ,DIESEL fuels ,RESEARCH vessels - Abstract
Implementation of new emissions regulations calls for a reassessment of the emissions levels of newly built ships sailing in Chinese regions. In this paper, marine diesel engines are subjected to emissions bench tests using high-precision testing equipment. A total of 135 marine diesel engines meeting the Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Marine Engines (CHINA I/II) were first systematically analyzed. The emission factors of marine main engines (ME) and auxiliary engines (AE) were obtained under different displacements. The results show that the fuel-based emission factors for NO
X + HC and CO meeting CHINA I/II are 25.80~44.87/16.47~46.35 and 2.47~13.22/1.64~5.62 kg/t-fuel, respectively. The energy-based emission factors for NOX + HC, CO, CO2 , and PM satisfying CHINA I/II are 5.70~9.24/3.70~9.07, 0.49~2.30/0.36~0.99, 620~683/612~718, and 0.05~0.36/0.05~0.27 g/kWh, respectively. Additionally, the specific emission of NOx rises with the increase in single-cylinder displacement, so the CO emission limit of pure diesel fuel is recommended to be lower than 5 g/kWh. The results in this paper provide valuable basic data for research on and estimation of ship emissions in waterway transportation and for understanding the emission characteristics of marine diesel engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Investigation of Cellulose-Based Aerogels for Oil Spill Removal.
- Author
-
Paulauskiene, Tatjana, Uebe, Jochen, Karasu, Ali Ugurcan, and Anne, Olga
- Subjects
AEROGELS ,WASTE paper ,UNSATURATED polyesters ,DIESEL fuels ,PETROLEUM ,OIL spills ,CELLULOSE synthase - Abstract
Oil pollution caused by heavy shipping traffic in the Baltic Sea could be removed by the help of highly porous aerogels made from the waste. These could be produced from environmentally friendly cellulose, e.g., from paper waste, but would have to be hydrophobized for oil sorption. Such a cellulose aerogel was investigated in this research work. Six types of aerogel with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 wt% cellulose with porosities in the range of 96–98% stabilized by unsaturated polyester as cross-linker have been produced. Aerogel's sorption capacity as well as its regeneration for sorption of crude oil, marine diesel oil, and biodiesel sorption from water surface and mechanical strength has been estimated. It was found out that crude oil sorption capacity reach 29.67 ± 0.39 g g
−1 , biodiesel—29.07 ± 0.26 g g−1 , while marine diesel oil—26.26 ± 0.39 g g−1 . The aerogel with 0.5 wt% cellulose shows the best sorption properties after 10 cycles of the sorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Experimental assessment and optimization of the performance of a biodiesel engine using response surface methodology.
- Author
-
Mishra, Prasheet, Mohapatra, Taraprasad, Sahoo, Sudhansu S., Padhi, Biranchi N., Giri, Nimay Chandra, Emara, Ahmed, and AboRas, Kareem M.
- Subjects
DIESEL motors ,RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics) ,DIESEL fuels ,INTERNAL combustion engines ,ENERGY consumption ,SOY oil ,ALTERNATIVE fuels - Abstract
Background: Biodiesel is a renewable and ecofriendly fuel for internal combustion engines. However, fuel standards need to be adapted for efficiency and commercial use. This paper deals with a novel process of its production using a purification step that counters the high costs of production and experimental analysis using multiresponse optimization. Methods: Soybean oil was chosen as a biodiesel of 5%, 10%, and 15% blend with common diesel fuel and is experimentally tested in a variable compression ratio compression ignition engine. The biodiesel is blended with common diesel fuel to run the engine without any modification in its setup, which also solves most of the operational problems. The functional relationship between the input parameters and the performance characteristics of the engine is evaluated by statistical response surface methodology using the Box–Behnken design model, which generates a design of experiment resulting in an optimum experimental run that reduces the overall cost of the experimental investigation. Uncertainty analysis is done to minimize the gap between the results considering the errors of each piece of equipment. Validation of the results is also carried out. Results: The analysis of variance is used to measure the acceptability of the model and the competency of the model to predict output performance. The optimum value of input parameters which are obtained are 4.5 kg for the load, the compression ratio of 18, and B05 for the fuel blend, which results in maximum performance of brake power of 3 kW, minimum fuel consumption and emissions of CO and NO
x , which are 0.39 kg/kWh, 0.01%, and 50 ppm. Conclusions: Cost analysis reveals that biodiesel produced from the novel process of transesterification is reasonable as compared with the conventional process. It is also environmentally more sustainable, which cannot be ignored. This technique can be used in future research for cost-effective production fields such as combustion parameters and biofuels produced from waste, which need to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine with a Variable Injection Rate.
- Author
-
Chen, Jun, Shi, Guanyu, Wu, Jinzhe, Cao, Chenghao, Zhou, Lei, Xu, Wu, Wang, Sheng, and Li, Xiaofeng
- Subjects
DIESEL motors ,DIESEL motor exhaust gas ,DIESEL motor combustion ,EXHAUST gas recirculation ,DIESEL fuels ,COMBUSTION ,COMBUSTION chambers - Abstract
Diesel engine combustion is dependent mainly on the fuel injection characteristics, particularly the injection pressure and rate, which directly affect the engine efficiency and emissions. Herein, an electrically controlled supercharger is added to a traditional high-pressure common rail system to form an ultrahigh-pressure common rail system. Then, the variations in the spray, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with a variable fuel injection rate are analyzed. Moreover, a simulation model for a diesel engine combustion chamber is built and verified by experimental results for numerical analysis. The results reveal that the injection rate can be flexibly adjusted via regulation when the solenoid valves are opened on the electrically controlled supercharger. Specifically, (1) the boot-shaped injection rate has greater potential than the traditional rectangular injection rate in terms of combustion and emission; (2) the main injection advance angle at the boot-shaped injection rate can be properly increased to improve combustion; and (3) the pilot injection quantity and advance angle are strongly coupled with the boot-shaped injection rate, potentially enhancing the mixing efficiency of fuel and air in the cylinder to achieve favorable emission results. This paper provides good guidance for the reliable design and optimization of noble-metal-based diesel engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of the Lubricity of Used Lubricating Oil Diluted with Diesel Oil.
- Author
-
Chybowski, Leszek, Szczepanek, Marcin, Sztangierski, Robert, and Brożek, Piotr
- Subjects
DIESEL fuels ,LUBRICATING oils ,PETROLEUM waste ,LUBRICATION systems ,FALLING films ,FRETTING corrosion ,QUANTITATIVE research - Abstract
Experience shows that dilution of lubricating oil with diesel oil is unfavorable to the engine, causing issues including deterioration of engine performance, shortening of oil life, and reduction in engine reliability and safety. This paper presents the verification of the hypothesis that the changes in lubricity, friction coefficient, and decreasing oil film thickness (using a relative approach, given as a percentage) are similar for lubricating oil and diesel mixtures prepared from fresh lubricating oil and used lubricating oil. To validate this hypothesis, an experiment is conducted using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFFR), in which the lubricity is determined by the corrected average wear scar WS
1.4 , the coefficient of friction μ, and the percentage relative decrease in oil film thickness r. A qualitative visual assessment of the wear scars on the test specimens is also performed after the HFFR tests. The testing covers mixtures of SAE 30 grade Marinol CB-30 RG1230 lubricating oil with Orlen Efecta Diesel Biodiesel. The used lubricating oil is extracted from the circulating lubrication system of a supercharged, trunk-piston, four-stroke ZUT Zgoda Sulzer 5 BAH 22 engine installed in the laboratory of ship power plants of the Maritime University of Szczecin. Mixtures for the experiment are prepared for fresh lubricating oil with diesel oil and used lubricating oil with diesel oil. Mixtures of these lubricating oils with diesel oil are examined for diesel oil concentrations in the mixture equal to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20% m/m. The results of the experiment confirm the hypothesis, proving that, for up to 20% m/m diesel oil concentration in lubricating oil, the changes in the lubricity of used lubricating oil diluted with diesel oil can be evaluated based on reference data prepared for mixtures of diesel oil with fresh lubricating oil. The linear approximation of μ and r trends is made with a certain margin of error we estimated. The experiment also confirms the results of previous studies which state that oil aging products in small quantities contribute to improved lubricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Effects Analysis of FAME on the Engine Characteristics of Different Polymerized Biofuels in Compression Ignition Engine.
- Author
-
Zhao, Hongting, Zhang, Zhiqing, Lu, Kai, Ye, Yanshuai, and Gao, Sheng
- Subjects
DIESEL motors ,DIESEL fuels ,FATTY acid methyl esters ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,MARINE engines ,MARINE pollution ,BIOMASS energy - Abstract
Environmental pollution caused by marine engines fueled with fossil fuels is a matter of growing significance. The search for renewable and clean energy sources and improvements in the way fossil fuels are burnt aims to reduce the environmental impact of these engines. For this purpose, fatty acid methyl esters were produced from pure canola oil using KOH-assisted methanol-based transesterification with a maximum yield of 90.68 ± 1.6%. The marine engine's model was created with CONVERGE software, followed by experimental verification. This paper examines the blended fuel characteristics of a diesel engine with biodiesel blends (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) at different loads of engines (50%, 75%, and 100%). It also explores the variation in these characteristics of B10 (10% biodiesel–diesel blends) at three different load conditions and four different EGR rates (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). The results indicate that the addition of biodiesel to diesel fuel reduces CO, HC, and soot emissions, while increasing NO
x emissions. Additionally, the EGR rate decreases NOx emissions but results in higher levels of soot, CO, and HC emissions. Finally, response surface methodology was used to elicit the engine's characteristics. It was determined that the optimum experimental operating conditions were 100% engine load, 6.9% biodiesel addition, and 7.7% EGR. The corresponding BTE, BSFC, NOx , and HC emissions were 38.15%, 282.62 g/(kW-h), 274.38 ppm, and 410.37 ppm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Effect of nano-graphene lubricating oil on particulate matter of a diesel engine.
- Author
-
Kuang, Xin, Yang, Xiping, Fu, Hao, Li, Shengyong, and Bian, Hua
- Subjects
LUBRICATING oils ,PARTICULATE matter ,DIESEL motors ,PARTICLE size distribution ,FRACTAL dimensions ,DIESEL fuels ,ACTIVATION energy - Abstract
Nano-graphene lubricating oil with appropriate concentration shows excellent performance in reducing friction and wear under different working conditions of diesel engines, and has been widely concerned. Lubricating oil has a significant impact on particulate matter (PM) emissions. At present, there are few studies on the impact of nano-graphene lubricating oil on the physicochemical properties of PM. In order to comprehensively evaluate the impact of nano-graphene lubricating oil on diesel engines, this paper mainly focused on the effects of lubricating oil nano-graphene additives on the particle size distribution and physicochemical properties of PM. The results show that, compared with pure lubricating oil, the total number of nuclear PM and accumulated PM of nano-graphene lubricating oil is significantly increased. The fractal dimension of PM of nano-graphene lubricating oil increases and its structure becomes more compact. The average fringe separation distance of basic carbon particles decreases, the average fringe length increases. The degree of ordering and graphitization of basic carbon particles are higher. The fringe tortuosity of basic carbon particles decreases, and the fluctuation of carbon layer structure of basic carbon particles decreases. Aliphatic substances in PM are basically unchanged, aromatic components and oxygen functional groups increase. The initial PM oxidation temperature and burnout temperature increase, the maximum oxidation rate temperature and combustion characteristic index decrease, and the activation energy increases, making it more difficult to oxidize. This was mainly caused by the higher graphitization degree of PM of nano-graphene lubricating oil and the increased content of aromatic substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Efficient Removal of Water Soluble Fraction of Diesel Oil by Biochar Sorption Supported by Microbiological Degradation.
- Author
-
Lopičić, Zorica R., Šoštarić, Tatjana D., Milojković, Jelena V., Antanasković, Anja V., Milić, Jelena S., Spasić, Snežana D., and Avdalović, Jelena S.
- Subjects
DIESEL fuels ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,POINTS of zero charge ,SORPTION ,BIOCHAR ,WATER pollution - Abstract
The contamination of the water bodies by diesel oil (DO) and its water-soluble fraction (WSF) represents one of the most challenging tasks in the management of polluted water streams. This paper contains data related to the synthesis and characteristics of the plum stone biochar material (PmS-B), which was made from waste plum stones (PmS), along with its possible application in the sorption of the WSF of DO from contaminated water. Techniques applied in sample characterisation and comparisons were: Elemental Organic Analysis (EOA), Scanning Electron Microscopy−Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), pH (pH
sus ) and point of zero charge (pHpzc ). In order to increase the overall efficiency of the removal process, sorption and bioremediation were subsequently combined. Firstly, PmS-B was used as a sorbent of WSF, and then the remaining solution was additionally treated with a specific consortium of microorganisms. After the first treatment phase, the initial concentration of diesel WSF was reduced by more than 90%, where most of the aromatic components of DO were removed by sorption. The sorption equilibrium results were best fitted by the Sips isotherm model, where the maximum sorption capacity was found to be 40.72 mg/g. The rest of the hydrocarbon components that remained in the solution were further subjected to the biodegradation process by a consortium of microorganisms. Microbial degradation lasted 19 days and reduced the total diesel WSF concentration to 0.46 mg/L. In order to confirm the non-toxicity of the water sample after this two-stage treatment, eco-toxicity tests based on a microbial biosensor (Aliivibrio fischeri) were applied, confirming the high efficiency of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Moisture Content Assessment of Commercially Available Diesel Fuel Using Impedance Spectroscopy.
- Author
-
Macioszek, Łukasz and Sobczyński, Dariusz
- Subjects
IMPEDANCE spectroscopy ,DIESEL fuels ,INTERNAL combustion engines ,WATER quality ,MOISTURE ,FUEL systems - Abstract
Diesel is consistently a very popular fuel for internal combustion engines. Its consumption in the European Union has been rising over recent years, as has the number of engines increasingly sensitive to fuel contamination. One of the most important parameters affecting diesel quality is water content. Its exceedance of the standard's permissible amount carries the risk of serious damage to expensive, modern fuel injection systems. Current methods of measuring water content require both specialised personnel and equipment, as well as transporting the sample to a suitable laboratory. Analysing the properties of diesel is challenging, mainly because many types of the fuel are sold, the chemical composition of which is always a well-guarded manufacturer's secret. The research presented in this paper is aimed at verifying whether it is possible to test the moisture content of diesel using impedance spectroscopy. To date, it is the first such attempt with commercially available diesel using this method, which, once refined, could be used in situ. The authors propose and apply a novel technique that is able to be used when the electrical properties of tested oils are unknown. The experimental results obtained show that it is possible to use impedance spectroscopy to estimate the water content of different types of diesel fuel. The measurement accuracy achieved makes it possible to detect approaching or exceeding the permissible water content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.