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Background: Nurses working in emergency units are in direct contact with traumatic events. Trauma effects do not solely affect patients and their caregivers and, rather, extend to secondarily influence nurses themselves. Secondary exposure to trauma may result in symptoms similar to symptoms experienced by the patient themselves. No previous study investigated the secondary traumatic stress among emergency nurses in Jordan. Purpose To identify prevalence, predictors, and consequences of secondary traumatic stress among nurses working in emergency departments. Method: A descriptive correlation design was utilized to collect data using self‐report questionnaires from 202 nurses working at eight emergency departments in Jordan. Findings The study revealed that almost half of the sample reported high to severe levels of secondary traumatic stress. The analyses showed that nurses who demonstrated lower empathy (P =.016) and greater coping capacity (P <.001) tended to develop more secondary traumatic stress. Organizational factors were not significant predictors of secondary traumatic stress. Conclusion: A significant proportion of emergency nurses suffer secondary traumatic stress that is found also to be associated with psychical factors. Emergency nurses need to consider the consequences of secondary traumatic stress on their health and quality of care provided. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Emergency nurses are susceptible to develop secondary traumatic stress due to nature of their work and being repetitively exposed to traumatic patients.No studies have examined existence of secondary traumatic stress among nurses in Jordan and in the Arab countries.The literature has contradicting findings on factors that can enhance or attenuate development of secondary traumatic stress symptoms. What this paper adds? More than half of the participants reported high to severe levels of secondary traumatic stress indicating that secondary traumatic stress is apparent among ER nurses in Jordan.Coping and empathy are important predictors of secondary traumatic stress among emergency nurses.Nurses who reported higher level of secondary traumatic stress symptoms tended to have more work‐related absenteeism and more sick days. The implications of this paper: There is a need to raise awareness of both nurses and health care leaders to existence of secondary traumatic stress among emergency nurses and to establish screening tools and referral procedures for risky nurses.Theory of secondary traumatic stress has to be revised to provide more robust view about the process by which secondary traumatic stress develops among helping professionals.Future studies have to examine factors that may contribute to secondary traumatic stress other than factors addressed in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the prevalence and identify the predictors of breakfast skipping among 14‐ to 16‐year‐old adolescents in Jordan, focusing on mother‐related variables. Background: Breakfast is an essential meal across one's entire lifespan and especially important during the adolescent years. The practice of skipping breakfast has become so prevalent among adolescents that it is now a well‐documented nutritional problem. Design A descriptive cross‐sectional correlational design. Methods: A proportional cluster stratified sampling protocol was used to select 1896 adolescents and their mothers (1013) during the period of March to June 2016. A self‐reported questionnaire was used to collect data on breakfast‐skipping rates, the perceived reasons for this behavior, the perceived importance of consuming breakfast, and maternal encouragement of breakfast consumption. Results: The prevalence of breakfast skipping was 34.3% among adolescents and 21.5% among their mothers. A significant association was found between breakfast skipping among adolescents and their mothers (χ2 [1, n = 998] = 37.90, P =.001). Maternal encouragement of breakfast consumption, gender, and adolescent perception of the importance of this meal were found to be significant predictors of adolescent breakfast skipping. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of involving mothers in developing nutritional health plans aimed at promoting regular breakfast consumption among adolescents. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is known about the topic? Regular breakfast intake has been linked to positive benefits for adolescent health, including lower risk for obesity and fewer biomarkers of chronic illness.The practice of skipping breakfast is highly prevalent among adolescents, both in Jordan and across the globe.Parental eating habits and attitudes influence adolescent eating behaviors and attitudes. What the paper adds? Female adolescents in Jordan skipped breakfast more often than male adolescents and to a significant degree. For both groups, lack of appetite was reported as the main reason (39%) for skipping breakfast.The interrelationships found between maternal and adolescent variables related to breakfast consumption highlight the pivotal role of mothers in promoting this practice. When mothers valued eating breakfast, so did their adolescent children, a relation that translated into lower rates of breakfast skipping among the adolescents.Maternal encouragement of breakfast consumption, the adolescents' perceived value of this practice, and their gender proved significant predictors of breakfast skipping behavior. The implications of this paper: Health interventions to promote breakfast consumption among adolescents are likely to be more effective if based on a better understanding of the role of mothers in this regard.Nurses should involve mothers in developing nutritional health plans to promote regular breakfast consumptions among adolescents.Nurses should educate mothers and adolescents about the health costs for adolescents associated with skipping breakfast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of urinary incontinence on body image, self‐esteem, and quality of life. Methods: The study was conducted with 218 women with urinary incontinence. The study data were collected using the Socio‐Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Body Cathexis Scale, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, and Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results: There was a weak, statistically significant, positive relationship found between the Body Cathexis Scale total average scores and the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale total average scores of the women and a weak, statistically significant, negative relationship with the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire total average scores. In addition, a weak, statistically significant, negative relationship was found between the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale total score averages and Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire total score averages. Significant effects were seen for body image score with pad usage; for self‐esteem in relation to number of deliveries, duration, and frequency of urinary incontinence; and for incontinence quality of life and duration and frequency of urinary incontinence and pad usage. Conclusions: It was concluded that most of the women with urinary incontinence had negative body image and that more than half of them had moderate or low self‐esteem and a moderate quality of life. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? More than 200 million people in the world have incontinence problems, and the majority are women.Urinary incontinence causes negative psychosocial effects such as continuous leakage of urine and fear of smelling bad, feeling unclean, decreased self‐esteem, deterioration of body image, stigmatization, embarrassment, and decreased sexual desire.There are very few studies in the literature that determine the relationship between body image and self‐esteem in women with urinary incontinence. What this paper adds? Negative effects were demonstrated for urinary incontinence in relation to women's body image, self‐esteem, and quality of life. The implications of this paper: Urinary incontinence does not directly threaten women's lives but can become a problem that physically and psychologically affects the family and social life of a woman significantly; therefore, women with incontinence should be carefully considered and evaluated from a holistic viewpoint.Nurses should assess the emotions, thoughts, and perceptions of body image, self‐esteem, and quality of life of women with urinary incontinence, and as the awareness about urinary incontinence and its treatment increases, the population of patients receiving help will increase, thus increasing the success rate in urinary incontinence management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the career success and work environment among nurses with a master's or doctoral degree and analyse the effect of work environment on their career success. Methods: This was a national descriptive, cross‐sectional study. A total of 1223 nurses with a master's or doctoral degree from 115 tertiary hospitals across mainland China participated in the study. Subscales of the practice environment scale of the nursing work index and career success scale were utilized for data collection via email in the summer of 2017. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the collected data. Results: The research showed that the career success and work environment ratings of nurses with a master's or doctoral degree were at a moderate level. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that work environment was positively correlated with career success for three of the four subscales. Conclusion: The career success and work environment is moderate among nurses with a master's or doctoral degree, and improving the work environment for nurses may lead to higher career success. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Nurses, especially those with a master's or doctoral degree, play an indispensable role in health care system.Nursing shortage is a global problem that is even severer in China than that of developed countries.Although nursing work environment has been reported to have a significant bearing on nurses' job satisfaction, studies on the relationship between work environment and career success are still limited. What this paper adds? The career success and work environment ratings of nurses with a master's or doctoral degree were at a moderate level.Work environment including nurse participation in hospital affairs, collegial nurse‐physician relations, and staffing and resources adequacy were positively correlated with career success. The implications of this paper: for policy/practice/research/education The findings of this study contribute more evidence in support of relationship between work environment and career success among nurses with a master's or doctoral degree.This study provides practical suggestions for nurse managers or policymakers regarding how to create a motivated work environment and enhance nurses' career success, which can reduce nurses' turnover intention and ensure nursing stability and quality.This finding can be applied to medical institutions in other developing countries with similar cultural beliefs and educational background and may help relieve the pressure on nurses' recruitment and retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theory-guided instrument for examining prescription stimulant misuse in the college population was developed and its psychometric properties were evaluated from 2011 to 2012 at one Pacific Northwest (United States) university. Study methods included instrument development, assessment by five health and measurement professionals, group interviews with six college students, a test-retest pilot study, and a paper-based, in-classroom, campus study using one-stage cluster sampling ( N = 520 students, 20 classrooms, eligible student response rate = 96.30%). The instrument demonstrated reliability (i.e., internal consistency and stability) and validity (i.e., face, content, and predictive). Limitations and implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to successfully develop to the highest levels in sport is dependent on a range of variables, not least an individual's ability to cope with the various challenges of development. Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence (PCDEs) include both the trait characteristics and the state-deployed skills that have been shown to play a crucial role in the realisation of potential. Psychological characteristics of developing excellence equip aspiring elites with the mental skills, attitudes, and emotions to cope with the challenges of the development pathway, as well as underpinning their capacity to make the most of their innate abilities. The Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence Questionnaire (PCDEQ) was designed to assess the possession and deployment of these characteristics. The purpose of this paper was to examine the ability of the Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence Questionnaire to effectively discriminate between good and poor developers based on their current possession and deployment of psychological characteristics of developing excellence. Two hundred and eighty-five athletes (n = 192 team athletes;n = 93 individual athletes) completed the Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence Questionnaire. Results from the discriminant function analysis suggest that the Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence Questionnaire correctly classifies between 67% and 75% of athletes based on their responses. The Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence Questionnaire can be used as a formative assessment tool to direct training programmes by identifying weaknesses in psychological characteristics of developing excellence and incorporating specific training to address these weaknesses in advance of developmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Migrant care workers make a substantial contribution to older adult care in Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK). However, little is known about the relational aspects of care involving migrant care workers and older people. Given that the care relationship is closely linked to quality of care, and that the Irish and UK sectors are increasingly restricted by economic austerity measures, this lack of information is a concern for care practice and policy. Our paper explores the relationship between migrant care workers and older people in Ireland and the UK and draws on data collected in both countries, including focus groups with older people (N = 41), interviews with migrant care workers (N = 90) and data from a survey of and interviews with employers. The findings illustrate the complexity of the migrant care worker–older person relationship; the prevalence of need orientated, friendship and familial-like, reciprocal, and discriminatory interlinking themes; and the role of individual, structural and temporal factors in shaping these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Aims. This paper is a report on a study analysing the effect of the umbilical cord cutting experience on fathers' emotional involvement with their infants. Background. Participation in childbirth offers an opportunity for father and mother to share the childbirth experience, so it is vital that midwives improve the fathers' participation in this event. Design. A quasi-experimental study with a quantitative methodology was implemented. Methods. One hundred and five fathers were recruited as part of a convenience sample in a Maternity Public Hospital in a Metropolitan City in Portugal, between January and May of 2008. The Bonding Scale, the Portuguese version of the 'Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale' was used to evaluate the fathers' emotional involvement with the neonate at different moments: before childbirth, first day after childbirth and first month after childbirth. After childbirth, the fathers were divided into three separate groups depending on their umbilical cord cutting experience. Results. The results demonstrate that the emotional involvement between father and child tends to increase during the first days after childbirth and to decrease when evaluated 1 month after birth, for fathers who did not cut the umbilical cord. However, fathers who cut the umbilical cord demonstrate an improvement in emotional involvement 1 month later. Conclusion. Results suggest that the umbilical cord cutting experience benefits the father's emotional involvement with the neonate, supporting the benefits of his participation and empowerment in childbirth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small, self-selected convenience sample of male and female contraceptive users in the United Kingdom (n = 34) were interviewed between 2006 and 2008 concerning their feelings about the body and their contraceptive attitudes and experiences. The interviewees were a sub-sample of respondents (n = 188) who completed a paper-based questionnaire on similar topics, who were recruited through a poster placed in a family planning clinic, web-based advertisements on workplace and university websites, and through direct approaches to social groups. The bodily metaphors used when discussing contraception were analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological analytical approach facilitated by Atlas.ti software. The dominant bodily metaphor was mechanistic (i.e.,“body as machine”). A subordinate but influential bodily metaphor was the “natural” body, which had connotations of connection to nature and a quasi-sacred bodily order. Interviewees drew upon this “natural” metaphorical image in the context of discussing their anxieties about hormonal contraception. Drawing upon a “natural,” non-mechanistic body image in the context of contraceptive decision-making contributed to reluctance to use a hormonal form of contraception. This research suggests that clinicians could improve communication and advice about contraception by recognizing that some users may draw upon non-mechanistic body imagery. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper reports on the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) as well as individual, socioeconomic, and family function characteristics associated with IPV among women attending public health services in Marivan County, Iran. Multistage cluster sampling was employed to recruit 770 women to participate in the study. This descriptive, cross-sectional study took place from May to November 2009. The majority of the women (79.7 %) had experienced psychological IPV, followed by physical IPV (60 %) and sexual IPV (32.9 %). There was a positive significant relationship between IPV and education level of women and the level of religious commitment in both women and spouses. Spouse's smoking, addiction to drugs, mental illness, and weakness in religious persuasion were statistically significant predictors of IPV and accounted for 36 % of the variation. This correlational study suggests that educational programs regarding these risk factors and their associations with the outcome of IPV should be designed by healthcare providers and implemented not only in healthcare facilities, but presented from local media. Public health services and healthcare facilities can play an important role in the detection of IPV and improve responses to victims by establishing education centers and informing women of the best ways they can confront this deleterious problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

papastavrou e., efstathiou g., tsangari h., suhonen r., leino-kilpi h., patiraki e., karlou c., balogh z., palese a., tomietto m., jarosova d. & merkouris a. (2011) A cross-cultural study of the concept of caring through behaviours: patients' and nurses' perspectives in six different EU countries. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(5), 1026-1037. Abstract Aim. This paper is a report of an international study of patients' and nurses' perceptions of nurse caring behaviours. Background. Current economic constraints on healthcare systems, demand to increase the quality of care and the incorporation of the consumers' perspective into care, have created a need to develop a clear understanding of nursing behaviours which convey caring. Patients in different areas of the world report different expectations of nurses' caring actions when compared to nurses' views. Method. A descriptive comparative survey design was used to analyse a sample of surgical patients ( n = 1659) and their nurses ( n = 1195) in 88 wards of 34 hospitals in Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Italy. Data were collected in autumn 2009 using the Caring Behaviours Inventory-24. Nurses' and patients' responses were compared using both inferential and descriptive statistics. Results. Independent samples t-tests showed important differences between nurses' and patients' views. Although both groups perceived knowledge and skill as being the most important sub-scale, the nurses' responses were higher compared to patients ( P < 0·05) with important differences in the 'assurance of human presence' ( P < 0·001) and the 'respectful deference to others' ( P < 0·001) sub-scales. Cross-country comparisons showed important differences between the nurses' ( F = 24·199, P < 0·001) and patients' views on caring ( F = 26·945, P < 0·001). Conclusions. Important differences were observed between patient-nurse perceptions in the participating countries. The results form a foundation for future research into the development of a common international perspective about caring behaviours between patients and their nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

scott k., white k., johnson c. & roydhouse j.k. (2011) Knowledge and skills of cancer clinical trials nurses in Australia. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(5), 1111-1121. Abstract Aims. This paper is a report of the development and testing of a questionnaire measuring knowledge and skills of cancer clinical trials nurse in Australia. Background. The role of cancer clinical trials nurse, widely acknowledged as an integral member of the clinical research team, has evolved in recent years. Elements of the clinical trials nurse role in cancer have previously been described. To evaluate specific cancer clinical trials nurse educational and training needs, the development of a valid and reliable tool is required. Methods. In 2009, a study was conducted in three stages. Stage I: questionnaire development and pilot testing; stage II: focus group; stage III: national survey. Internal consistency reliability testing and multi-trait analysis of item convergent/divergent validity were employed. Regression analysis was used to identify predictors of clinical trials nurse knowledge and skills. Results. The national survey was a 48-item questionnaire, measuring six clinical trial knowledge and seven skills sub-scales. Of 61 respondents, 90% were women, with mean age 43 years, 19 years as a Registered Nurse and 5 years as a cancer clinical trials nurse. Self-reported knowledge and skills were satisfactory to good. Internal consistency reliability was high (Cronbach's alpha: knowledge = 0·98; skills = 0·90). Criteria for item convergent/divergent validity were met. Number of years as cancer clinical trials nurse was positively related to self-reported knowledge and skills. Conclusion. Preliminary data suggest that the national survey is reliable and valid. Data have contributed to better understanding the knowledge and skills of cancer clinical trials nurse in Australia and development of a postgraduate course in clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundEvidence for an effect of work stressors on common mental disorders (CMD) has increased over the past decade. However, studies have not considered whether the effects of work stressors on CMD remain after taking co-occurring non-work stressors into account.MethodData were from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, a national population survey of participants ⩾16 years living in private households in England. This paper analyses data from employed working age participants (N=3383: 1804 males; 1579 females). ICD-10 diagnoses for depressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, panic or mixed anxiety and depression in the past week were derived using a structured diagnostic interview. Questionnaires assessed self-reported work stressors and non-work stressors.ResultsThe effects of work stressors on CMD were not explained by co-existing non-work stressors. We found independent effects of work and non-work stressors on CMD. Job stress, whether conceptualized as job strain or effort–reward imbalance, together with lower levels of social support at work, recent stressful life events, domestic violence, caring responsibilities, lower levels of non-work social support, debt and poor housing quality were all independently associated with CMD. Social support at home and debt did not influence the effect of work stressors on CMD.ConclusionsNon-work stressors do not appear to make people more susceptible to work stressors; both contribute to CMD. Tackling workplace stress is likely to benefit employee psychological health even if the employee's home life is stressful but interventions incorporating non-work stressors may also be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Aim: As reliable instruments are needed for longitudinal research on the development of nicotine addiction, we evaluated the test-retest reliability of eight survey measures (three scales and five individual item measures). Methods: A paper survey was administered to convenience samples of adolescents in two schools and adults in five workplaces in Argentina and re-administered 1-2 weeks later. Test-retest reliability was assessed with Pearson correlations for continuous measures and kappa statistics for dichotomous measures. Results: Both surveys were completed by 95 adolescent and 88 adult smokers. The modified Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire ( r == 0.88-0.91), the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist ( r == 0.85-0.91), the Autonomy Over Smoking Scale (0.91-0.96) and items assessing latency to needing a cigarette ( r == 0.85-0.94), the pleasure obtained from smoking ( r == 0.84-0.94), and relaxation obtained from the first cigarette (κ == 0.63-0.67), all showed very good to excellent reliability in both populations. Items assessing experiencing the need to smoke more often than previously and the percent of time smoking because of need appear to be more reliable with adolescents (κ == 0.52 and r == 0.76, respectively) than with adults ( κ == 0.32 and r == 0.51, respectively). Conclusions: This is the first study to simultaneously compare the reliability of multiple smoking measures within individual adolescent and adult smokers. All the eight measures showed adequate reliability for use in longitudinal studies with adolescents and all but one were adequate for use with adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

garmon bibb s.c., padden d.l. & ferguson w. (2012) Moderators of access and utilization of clinical preventive services in older adults. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(2), 335-348. Abstract Aim. This paper reports a study exploring the relationships between potential moderators of access and utilization of clinical preventive services in a homogeneous sample of older adults with near universal health coverage. Background. Advancements have occurred in eliminating financial and structural barriers to utilization of clinical preventive services (primary, secondary and tertiary prevention) in most developed countries, but variations in utilization continue. These variations may be attributed to non-social determinants of health moderators that impact utilization in older adults. Methods. Theorized relationships were explored using questions from the United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey and a homogenous convenience sample of 202 older adults (mean age 84; sd 5·23) with near universal health coverage. Data collected across a 2 year period (2007-2009) were analysed using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and Hierarchical Logistic Regression. Findings. Several logistic regression models of personal access (advised to lose weight, high blood pressure, high cholesterol); moderators (gender, perceived health status, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2); and clinical preventive services utilization (check-up in last 12 months; ever had colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy) showed statistically significant ( P < 0·05) improvement in model fit by adding interaction terms (access X moderator). Conclusion. Exploring the impact of moderators on utilization may yield more insight into variations than could be explained by measurement of the direct affect of having near universal health coverage alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

o'leary d.f. & ni mhaolrúnaigh s. (2012) Information-seeking behaviour of nurses: where is information sought and what processes are followed? Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(2), 379-390. Abstract Aim. This paper is a report of a study on how nurses inform their decision-making in the workplace. Background. Despite the growing availability of research evidence, nurses have been slow to adopt it into their daily decision-making. Method. The study was undertaken in Ireland between 2006 and 2007 using a sequential mixed methods approach. In phase 1, the views of a quota sample of 29 nurses were explored using semi-structured interviews incorporating vignettes. Phase 2 involved the design and dissemination of a survey to a disproportionate stratified random sample of 1356 nurses. The response rate was 29%. Findings. In decision-making, nurses accessed other people, especially nursing colleagues, the most frequently. Sources that provided prepackaged information such as guidelines were favoured over sources that provided access to original research. The process of information-seeking for routine and non-routine decisions was different. Nurses making routine decisions relied mostly on their experience and an assessment of the patient. In non-routine decision-making, participants experienced more uncertainty about their decisions. Accordingly, sources of information used were more varied and the information-seeking process more extensive. The study highlighted the complexities of establishing whether information used in decision-making is research based or not. Conclusion. Routine practices should be reviewed and updated regularly through organizational mandates, as nurses do not generally question them. Research information to inform non-routine decision-making must be easily available to nurses in their workplace, as information searches generally prioritize finding enough, rather than the best, information to make a decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Self-efficacy can be conceptualised as a person’s perception of their own ability to produce a desired outcome. Low self-efficacy has been reported to be a mediating variable in developing depression. The Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Depressed Adolescents (SEQ-DA) is a 12-item inventory, designed to measure self-perceived ability of the young person to cope with depressive symptoms. This paper presents further information on the psychometric properties of the SEQ-DA in a clinical sample of depressed adolescents.Method: The SEQ-DA was administered to a clinical sample of 130 adolescents with a depressive disorder at baseline, at the end of 3 months of therapy and 6 months following therapy. A diagnosis of depression was made using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children. The ability of the SEQ-DA to identify those adolescents who had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder at baseline, following treatment and at 6-month follow-up was evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the SEQ-DA in this clinical sample of depressed adolescents was undertaken to establish cut-off scores of the SEQ-DA.Results: The SEQ-DA score at baseline of < 36 and following treatment of < 43 were predictive of a depressive disorder.Conclusions: The SEQ-DA is a very simple self-report measure that can be used to predict which adolescents treated for depression are likely to remain depressed, thus prompting more intensive treatment and follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Aims: This descriptive, exploratory, correlational analysis investigated patients with type 2 diabetes and their diabetes knowledge, depression, diabetes‐management self‐efficacy, and social support and sought to determine the effects of these factors on psychological insulin resistance among type 2 diabetes patients in South Korea. Methods: This descriptive cross‐sectional study included 136 patients with type 2 diabetes who visited an endocrinology clinic. A structured questionnaire and electronic medical records were used to collect data regarding demographic and disease‐related characteristics as well as scores on the Diabetes Knowledge Tests, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Diabetes Management Self‐efficacy Scale, Social Support Scale, and Psychological Insulin Resistance Scale, between September and December 2017. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, independent t‐tests, a one‐way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The total score for psychological insulin resistance was 60.92 ± 14.75 of a maximum of 90. Stepwise multiple regression showed that diabetes knowledge, diabetes‐management self‐efficacy, social support, absence of diabetes complications, and depression explained 38.6% of the variance in psychological insulin resistance. Conclusion: Diabetes knowledge was found to have the largest influence on psychological insulin resistance, followed by social support, absence of complications, depression, and diabetes‐management self‐efficacy. Development of interventions that consider all these factors is required, and the effects of such interventions should be tested through further research. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Patients with diabetes in Korea have been reported to have relatively high levels of psychological resistance to insulin therapy compared with their counterparts in the West.Previous studies on factors associated with psychological insulin resistance have considered only a limited number of factors and have simply analysed the association between these factors. The full range of disease‐related factors that can affect psychological insulin resistance has not been considered.Research on the psychological insulin resistance of patients with type 2 diabetes, and the factors that affect it, is currently lacking in Korea. What this paper adds? The level of psychological insulin resistance of Korean patients with type 2 diabetes was found to be higher than that of patients from other countries.Diabetes knowledge was found to have the most significant influence on the psychological insulin resistance in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes, followed by social support, absence of diabetes complications, depression, and diabetes‐management self‐efficacy. The implications of this paper: Levels of psychological insulin resistance among patients with type 2 diabetes should be monitored, and nursing education programs should be developed that are tailored to patients' level of psychological insulin resistance.Diabetes knowledge, social support, diabetes complications, depression, and diabetes‐management self‐efficacy should be systematically monitored to reduce the level of psychological insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Development of detailed interventions that consider these factors may be helpful, and their effectiveness should be tested through further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Hypertension is a common condition contributing to many diseases. Factors influencing blood pressure (BP) classification for adults have changed over time. This study aimed to identify factors influencing BP classification according to gender. Methods: Data from the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014) were used in this descriptive, cross‐sectional study. Participants were 1555 adults (589 men, 966 women). Measures included demographic, health‐related, and lifestyle factors. Results: Compared with the male normal BP group, in the male prehypertension group, body mass index, problem drinking, and reduced sleep duration were higher; and in the male hypertension group, age, poor subjective health status, body mass index, diabetes, problem drinking, smoking, and sodium intake were higher. Compared with the female normal BP group, age, and body mass index were higher in the female prehypertension group; and age, poor subjective health status, body mass index, menopause, and diabetes were higher in the female hypertension group. Conclusion: Hypertension and prehypertension prevention interventions for adults should be distinguished according to gender. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension has increased worldwide.Prevention and management strategies for hypertension and prehypertension are provided to clients without regard to gender. What this paper adds? Many lifestyle factors that affect hypertension and prehypertension showed differences according to gender.Drinking, sodium intake, and sleep duration were significant factors along with body mass index and diabetes in male clients.Rather than lifestyle factors, menopause, body mass index, and diabetes were significant factors in female clients. The implications of this paper: In the prevention and management of hypertension, lifestyle factors should be highlighted differently according to gender.Management of male clients should focus on reducing problem drinking, limiting sodium intake, and having enough sleep, together with weight control and diabetes prevention.Weight control, menopause, and diabetes management should be emphasized for female clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This paper is a report examining the level of professional autonomy as well as its predictors and outcomes among practicing nurses in the Philippines. Methods: This study adopted a descriptive, cross‐sectional research design. One hundred sixty‐six (n = 166) nurses participated in the study or a response rate of 83% during the months of January 2017 to May 2017. Seven self‐reported scales were used for this study: the Nurse Autonomy Scale, Job Stress Scale, Burnout Measure Scale, Job Satisfaction Index, Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, Turnover Intention Inventory Scale, and the Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the collected data. Results: Nurses demonstrated moderate levels of professional autonomy with education and hospital bed capacity as strong predictors. Regression analysis showed positive effects of professional autonomy on nurses' job outcomes such as organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and work performance. Conclusion: Consistent to international studies, nurses in the Philippines demonstrated moderate levels of professional autonomy. Nurses who had higher levels of autonomy tended to be high performing, satisfied, and committed in their jobs. Organizational efforts are critically important to foster autonomy in practicing nurses through adequate support, education, training, and developed policies. What is already known about the topic? Professional autonomy is an essential aspect of a positive work environment and is attributed to enhanced outcomes in patients, nurses, and organizations.The literature has identified several factors (individual and organizational) that influence nurses' ability to gaining professional autonomy.In the Philippines, the extent to which practicing nurses act, function, and practice independently according to their professional nursing role remains unexplored.What this paper adds? Results showed moderate professional autonomy among Philippine nurses with education and hospital bed capacity as important predictors.Higher perceptions of professional autonomy were linked to enhanced organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and work performance.The implications of this paper: Nursing leaders and managers are strategically positioned to enhance autonomy in practicing nurses through provision of adequate resources, organizational support, and developed policies.Professional enrichment through continuing education, training, and provision of adequate mentorship and coaching are essential to promote autonomy in nurses.By strengthening the concepts of nursing autonomy and professionalism in the curriculum, nursing education can play an essential role in preparing future nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We examined Korean nurses professional quality of life, emotional labour and workplace violence to guide development of interventions to improve nurses professional quality of life. Background: Nurses face heavy exposure to emotional labour and workplace violence. Stress experienced by nurses reduces compassion satisfaction and increases compassion fatigue. Methods: Participants comprised 399 clinical nurses chosen by convenience sampling. Questionnaires measured demographic characteristics, emotional labour, workplace violence and professional quality of life. Results: Nurses professional quality of life was affected by emotional labour and workplace violence. Graduate educational level, emotional exposure and emotional supervision were associated with compassion satisfaction. Burnout was commonly associated with emotional exposure, experience and supervision of workplace violence. Secondary traumatic stress was associated with emotional exposure and experience of workplace violence. Conclusions: We elucidated the relationship between professional quality of life, emotional labour and workplace violence. Raising professional quality of life among nurses requires regular analysis of emotional labour and provision of organizational‐level interventions. Counselling programmes that address violence prevention education and comprehensive response strategies among nurses and policies that foster an organizational culture of respect and cooperation in hospitals are needed. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Promoting nurses professional quality of life is important in managing the quality of nursing care.Nurses with exposure to emotional labour show negative health effects, reduced willingness and ability to work, frequent absences, dissatisfaction and turnoverWorkplace violence negatively affects professional quality of life among clinical nurses. What is already known about this topic? Compassion satisfaction was highly related to organizational management systems for emotional labour and workplace violence.Burnout was associated with the magnitude of exposure to emotional labour and experience of workplace violence and negative organizational management systems for workplace violence.Secondary traumatic stress was associated with the magnitude of exposure to emotional labour and experience of workplace violence. The implications of this paper: To increase nurses professional quality of life, organizational management systems that address and reduce emotional labour and workplace violence are critical.It is necessary to develop programmes that address violence prevention education and comprehensive response strategies regarding emotional labour.Counselling programmes that address violence prevention education and comprehensive response strategies among nurses and policies that foster an organizational culture of respect and cooperation in hospitals are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Despite the incidence of joint replacements in Australia, there is a paucity of information regarding how patients progress from their referral to their surgery. The aim of this study was to describe a patient pathway from referral to receipt of total hip replacement (THR) or total knee replacement (TKR) surgery in South Australian public hospitals. Methods. Patient perspectives of the pathway to THR and TKR surgery were obtained via a postal survey (n = 450) and hospital employee perspectives were attained via semi-structured interviews (n = 19). Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics and interview data were analysed thematically. Results. A typical patient pathway to THR and TKR surgery can be divided into two distinct phases; referral-to-initial appointment (9-24 months), and initial appointment-to-surgery (12-15 months). This gives an overall waiting period between 2 and 3 years for THR or TKR surgery. Conclusions. Waiting times for THR and TKR surgery reported in this study were longer than other reports in the literature. Current Australian health policy does not consider the first (and longest) phase of the patient pathway. Excluding this initial phase could be generating an erroneous perception of the patient pathway to THR or TKR surgery, possibly leading to poorly considered health reforms. What is known about the topic? Meeting the demand for elective surgery services in public hospitals is an ongoing challenge for governments and health systems alike. The persistent mismatch between supply and demand has resulted in the development of waiting lists for elective total hip replacement (THR) and total knee (TKR) replacement surgery in Australia. Current state-level health policies such as the Policy Framework and Associated Procedural Guidelines for Elective Surgery Services in South Australia or the Elective Surgery Access Policy in Victoria, outline a generic pathway consisting of a few linear steps that occur immediately before receipt of surgery, without consideration of the early stages of the journey. Aside from these types of policies, we were unable to identify any published literature outlining the patient journey from referral to receipt of THR or TKR surgery. As such, our understanding of the issue is inadequate due the paucity of existing research evidence. What does this paper add? Our current understanding of the patient journey to THR and TKR surgery is limited to the perspective of the policy-makers, whose focus is the organisation of waiting lists and the systematic progression of an individual through the elective surgery system. This perspective reinforces the assumption that it is a simple, linear process and may lead to erroneous judgements regarding the impact that the patient pathway has on an individual and the time it takes to progress along that pathway. This study presents the patient pathway from the perspective of individuals working within the systems responsible for delivering THR and TKR surgery and from patients who have received a joint replacement in a South Australian public hospital. As such, this paper provides new insight into the length, impact and features of the entire patient journey, rather than a snap-shot of the final stages. What are the implications for practitioners? This study is the first step towards better understanding of the patient pathway to joint replacement surgery in Australian public hospitals. Greater understanding of the complete pathway and identification of areas of congestion within the pathway, as evidenced by longer waiting periods, offers insight into areas with the potential for effective reforms. Should the patient pathway be significantly altered, the experience of practitioners responsible for the interim and postoperative management of patients undergoing THR and TKR surgery will also be changed. Additionally, practitioners currently frustrated by the long delays experienced by their patients who are in need of elective surgery in Australian public hospitals, could have that frustration abated by system improvements that reduce the length and complexity of the pathway to joint replacement surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a rare immune-mediated disease that presents with predominantly distal motor weakness in one or more limbs without sensory loss. Symptoms may give rise to functional impairment and consequently may affect quality of life. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin's therapy (IVIg) is the current mainstay treatment, however, subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) is emerging as a viable alternative. The purpose of this study was to explore the patients' experience of SCIg and ascertain if those receiving it had an improved quality of life and treatment satisfaction compared to those receiving IVIg. Using a mixed method approach this paper will present its findings and key implications for clinical and research practice are considered. The results from this study suggest that home SCIg therapy may prove a more desirable treatment option than IVIg for a proportion of MMN patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]