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The digitalization era of public relations is increasingly affecting the means of presenting information about the economic activities of an enterprise, in particular financial, in the context of a global pandemic, which was caused by the global COVID-19. Increasingly, in our environment, there is a transition from paper to electronic information carriers. The financial information generated by business entities both in Ukraine and in the world as a whole is no exception. The purpose of the study is to systematize the existing digital formats for presenting financial information as a basis for analyzing and auditing the business activities of enterprises in Ukraine. The basis of the study is the methodological recommendations on the use of Taxonomy UA XBRL IFRS, instructions for the revision of the Ukrainian IFRS taxonomy, specialized software products, legislative framework of Ukraine. The following methods were used: graphical (to visualize the results of the study), and grouping (to systematize the advantages and disadvantages of software that uses tax services to conduct e-audits). Digital formats for the presentation of financial information were analyzed. They are the basis for the analysis and audit of the enterprise's activities. The structure and characteristics of the legal framework for the disclosure of financial information in electronic XBRL format in Ukraine were given. Comparative analysis of financial information in digital format XBRL and SAF-T UA were carried out. It has been determined that XBRL can be used as a basis for analyzing financial information in electronic format using special software, for example, to assess the financial condition, calculate indicators of financial stability, liquidity, solvency, business activity, enterprise profitability, etc. It has been proved that the electronic format of financial information SAF-T UA is used when conducting an electronic audit (e-audit) of taxpayers, and can also be used to calculate the tax burden (tax return, tax efficiency ratio) used by the State Tax Service of Ukraine for the purpose of control completeness of calculation and payment of relevant taxes and fees to the state budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, more than ever, our world is facing supply chain constraints that threaten the basics of current market dynamic on all levels and in every economic field. From economic sanctions limiting commercial trade, the COVID-19 crisis, post-pandemic economic stagnation, the ongoing conflict in the Ukraine, the global chip shortage, as well as the effects of the current Israeli- Palestinian war and its impact on freight transportation in the Red Sea have all exposed the vulnerability of today's global supply chains. The purpose of this paper is to review how supply chain must be designed to ensure their flow and deliverables in complex, uncertain, and everchanging environment. The paper will study how supply chains must be resilient by addressing current challenges through agility to meet both socio-economic and political volatilities, and sustainable through their transition to socio-ecological compliant economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Horizons / Ekonomski Horizonti is the property of Economic Horizons and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the safe haven feature of Bitcoin, gold and two gold-backed cryptocurrencies (DGX and PAXG) against energy and agricultural commodities (crude oil, natural gas and wheat) during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia–Ukraine conflict and the Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) collapse. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use the threshold GARCH (T-GARCH)-asymmetric dynamic conditional correlation (ADCC) model to evaluate the asymmetric dynamic conditional correlation between the return series and compare the diversifying, hedging and safe-haven ability of Bitcoin, gold and the two gold-backed cryptocurrencies (DGX and PAXG) against financial swings in the commodity market during the COVID-19 outbreak, the Russian–Ukrainian military conflict and SVB collapse. The authors also calculate the hedging ratios (HR) and hedging effectiveness index (HE). The authors finally use the wavelet coherence (WC) approach to check our results' robustness and further investigate the impact of the three crises on the relationship between Bitcoin, gold gold-backed cryptocurrencies and commodities. Findings: The results show that PAXG serves as a strong hedging instrument while gold, Bitcoin and DGX act as strong diversifiers during normal times. During crises, gold outperforms Bitcoin as a diversifier and a safe haven against commodities. Gold-backed cryptocurrencies also exhibit strong performance as diversifiers and safe havens. HR results indicate that Bitcoin and DGX are more cost-effective for commodities risk mitigation than gold and PAXG. In terms of hedging effectiveness, gold and PAXG emerge as the best hedging instruments for commodities, while DGX is considered the worst one. Bitcoin shows superior hedging against oil compared to wheat and gas risks. Moreover, the results of the WC approach confirm those of the T-GARCH-ADCC results in both the short and long run. Originality/value: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the diversification ability of gold, Bitcoin and gold-backed cryptocurrencies during different crises (the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia–Ukraine conflict and the SVB collapse). By taking into consideration gold-backed cryptocurrencies, the authors expand the understanding of safe havens beyond conventional assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The aim of the study is to present the results and description of the direct study relating to changes that have occurred in the purchasing area as well as make out new solutions and good practices that were undertaken in the context of events with a destructive impact on the supply chain (Covid-19 pandemic, armed conflict in Ukraine, etc.) that occurred in the last years. Particular attention was paid to answering the question whether the events had an impact on the digital transformation in the purchasing area and what related changes were implemented. Design/methodology/approach: The answers to the research questions were obtained on the basis of the results of surveys conducted using the CAWI method based on the original questionnaire. A statistical method was used to verify the research hypothesis (Anova KruskalWallis test). The study covered the group of experts with a minimum of 8 years of professional experience in the field of purchasing and current position: Senior Purchasing Specialist or Purchasing Manager or Purchasing Director. Findings: The considerations and results of the research presented in the paper can be the basis for the characteristics of the changes taking place over the last years in purchasing and may constitute an indication and a model of good practices for organisations that have not yet implemented the improvements in the purchasing area which are proposed in the article. Research limitations/implications: The study provided confirmation that the respondents have a set of features directly related to the topic of the study, as well as the required work experience in the current company. Purposive sampling was used in the study. Future in-depth research may focus on identifying statistically significant relationships in the explored topic. Practical implications: The identified changes in purchasing area caused by events with a destructive impact on the supply chain and the list of good practices implemented in enterprises constitute valuable recommendations for management practice in the digitization process. Originality/value: The study proves that in the area of purchasing, numerous changes in the functioning of this process have been noticed over recent years, due to the events with a destructive impact on the functioning of the supply chain. The changes had an impact on the digital transformation which is related to the levels of purchasing maturity of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to examine the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) and hedging ratios between Dow Jones markets and oil, gold and bitcoin. Using daily data, including the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine war. We employ the DCC-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and asymmetric DCC (ADCC)-GARCH models. Design/methodology/approach: DCC-GARCH and ADCC-GARCH models. Findings: The most of DCCs among market pairs are positive during COVID-19 period, implying the existence of volatility spillovers (Contagion-effects). This implies the lack of additional economic gains of diversification. So, COVID-19 represents a systematic risk that resists diversification. However, during the Russia–Ukraine war the DCCs are negative for most pairs that include Oil and Gold, implying investors may benefit from portfolio-diversification. Our hedging analysis carries significant implications for investors seeking higher returns while hedging their Dow Jones portfolios: keeping their portfolios unhedged is better than hedging them. This is because Islamic stocks have the ability to mitigate risks. Originality/value: Our paper may make a valuable contribution to the existing literature by examining the hedging of financial assets, including both conventional and Islamic assets, during periods of stability and crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have brought a serious economic crisis, first caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and later worsened by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The global economy was greatly affected by these events, so it can be expected to see them affect the post-merger financial performance of companies. The aim of the paper is to examine if the pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine had any effect on the financial performance of combined companies during these events in comparison to merged companies for which the 3-year post-merger period ended in 2019. The research methods used involve a critical literature analysis and statistical tests. This study analyses the financial ratios of Polish public companies which participated in legal mergers which were finalised between 2016 and 2018. For each company necessary ROA ratios were calculated (pre-merger ROA ratio, ROA ratio for the 3rd year after the merger). The data was grouped according to the year of the merger and then compared to test the hypotheses. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of profitability ratios for the analysed companies before and during the crisis. However, there is evidence that there was a statistically significant increase in profitability ratios pre- and post-merger for legal mergers finalised in 2017. The paper provides an initial insight into how the latest economic crisis affected the financial performance of Polish public companies after a legal merger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moldova faces substantial agri-food security challenges, including the availability, accessibility, and affordability of safe, nutritious food for its population. With high poverty rates and a large rural population relying on agriculture, Moldova's agricultural sector has small landholdings, low productivity, and insufficient investment in modern technologies. Climate change and extreme weather events have led to declines in agricultural production and increased dependence on imports for food needs. The recent COVID-19 pandemic and regional conflict in Ukraine have exacerbated food insecurity, causing rising food prices and reduced availability. This paper uses a SWOT framework to analyze Moldova's agri-food security, identifying areas for improvement and potential strategies for enhancing resilience and sustainability. Findings emphasize the importance of integrated, multi-sectoral approaches, promoting sustainable agricultural practices, investing in modern technologies, and fostering collaboration among the government, international organizations, and stakeholders. By addressing these challenges and leveraging opportunities, Moldova can improve the long-term resilience and competitiveness of its agri-food sector while ensuring food security for its population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic proved to be an unprecedented socio-economic crisis in the last decades. More than three years after its outbreak, there is still uncertainty regarding its future evolution. National and international authorities adopted a prompt and synchronized response to limit the adverse effects of the health crisis, in terms of socio-economic damage. Against this background, this paper assesses the efficiency of the measures implemented by fiscal authorities in selected Central and Eastern European countries to ameliorate the economic repercussions of the crisis. The analysis reveals that the impact of expenditure-side measures is stronger than that of revenue-side ones. Additionally, the results of a time-varying parameter model indicate that the fiscal multipliers are higher in times of crisis. In view of the ongoing war in Ukraine, the related geopolitical turmoil and energy crisis, the findings of this paper are especially pertinent, given the need for additional fiscal support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae is the property of Uniwerystet Kardynala Stefana Wyznskiege w Warzawie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the interconnectedness patterns between agricultural commodities, crude oil, and ethanol, along with their determinants before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine conflict. We employ a time-varying parameter vector autoregression model to analyze interconnected behaviors among energy and agricultural commodities. Additionally, quantile regression is used to assess the impact of financial and economic fundamentals on transmission mechanisms in commodity markets. The empirical findings reveal time-varying and crisis-responsive linkages between energy and agricultural commodities, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia–Ukraine conflict. Furthermore, economic and financial market uncertainties emerge as significant determinants of the interconnectedness between these commodity groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ekonomske Ideje i Praksa is the property of Centar za Izdavacku Delatnost Ekonomskog Fakulteta u Beogradu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The paper aims is to determine the factors determining the development of mergers and acquisitions in the logistics sector, but also the resulting dependencies related to difficulties in managing the risk of a combined enterprise under the influence of adverse economic events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic or the conflict in Ukraine. Design/methodology/approach: The paper was divided into two parts, consisting of a source literature of mergers and acquisitions, logistics, risk management and global supply chain, and a part devoted to the analysis of trends in the logistics sector in 2018-2022. The research took into account data from the reports of recognized audit firms. Findings: Based on the trends, the authors observed a connection between the risk resulting from adverse economic events, e.g. the COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine, on the degree of merger decision-making, in particular in the context of supply chain management, which is important for the functioning of a logistics company. Practical implications: The experience of logistics companies in recent years shows that the issue of supply chain risk management is an important criterion when making decisions about merging with another company. Moreover, unfavorable economic events that affect supply chain management also determine mergers and acquisitions. Originality: The paper is an interdisciplinary analysis of the M&A market in the field of supply chain risk management in logistics companies during COVID-19 and the conflict in Ukraine, which has not been subject to in-depth verification in the studies of other authors. The paper is a result of the authors’ research that was partially presented at the 3rd International Conference “Logistics challenges in the modern world” organized by the Warsaw University of Life Sciences on January 19, 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2020, the world has faced two unprecedented shocks: lockdowns (regulation) and the invasion of Ukraine (war). Although we realise the health and economic effects of these shocks, more research is needed on the effect on happiness and whether the type of shock plays a role. Therefore, in this paper, we determine whether these macro-level shocks affected happiness, how these effects differ, and how long it takes for happiness to adapt to previous levels. The latter will allow us to test whether adaptation theory holds at the macro level. We use a unique dataset of ten countries spanning the Northern and Southern hemispheres derived from tweets extracted in real-time per country. Applying Natural Language Processing, we obtain these tweets' underlying sentiment scores, after which we calculate a happiness score (Gross National Happiness) and derive daily time series data. Our Twitter dataset is combined with Oxford's COVID-19 Government Response Tracker data. Considering the results of the Difference-in-Differences and event studies jointly, we are confident that the shocks led to lower happiness levels, both with the lockdown and the invasion shock. We find that the effect size is significant and that the lockdown shock had a bigger effect than the invasion. Considering both types of shocks, the adaptation to previous happiness levels occurred within two to three weeks. Following our findings of similar behaviour in happiness to both types of shocks, the question of whether other types of shocks will have similar effects is posited. Regardless of the length of the adaptation period, understanding the effects of macro-level shocks on happiness is essential for policymakers, as happiness has a spillover effect on other variables such as production, safety and trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to estimate the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitalization and hospital mortality of the patients with gallstone disease and chronic liver diseases (CLD) in the worst pandemic period in Ukraine. Design/methodology/approach: A retrospective comparative analysis of annual reports data of all economy subjects, which conducted economic activity in medical practice for 2019 and 2021. Data was accepted from the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine (NSDC) and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (SSSU). Findings: The total hospitalization rates for diffuse liver disease and cholelithiasis significantly decreased during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine, compared to the values of 2019. At the same time, the rates of in-hospital mortality for these diseases have significantly grown. Also, various proportions of similar trends were described in other countries during the first wave of the pandemic. Originality/value: This paper highlights the fact that regulatory restrictions and the fear of the population of referring to healthcare facilities considering the high risk of getting an infection had significant disruption to medical care for patients with gallstone disease and CLD. Improving the management of medical resources and strengthening all kinds of institutions in the healthcare system must be thought about if similar challenges appear in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: UN defined Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development promotes international relations as a platform of cooperation between all stakeholders to achieve peace, stability, and prosperity but faces significant challenges in the post-2022 period. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine crisis, the prospects for sustainable development as a component of international relations are one of the challenges. The main objective of this paper is the conceptualization of a model for sustainable development risk analysis, intended for developing countries with underdeveloped or nonexistent monitoring systems. Methods: Theory synthesis, adaption, and model development were used in the conceptual method due to empirical research limitations. Analysis, induction, and modeling were utilized to evaluate qualitative and quantitative sustainable development risk assessment approaches and anticipate their advantages and disadvantages. Results: The theoretical part of the research points to the need to consider the risks to implementing sustainable development (primarily future energy development and climate change) that arise from changes in international security. The novel result of the paper is the proposal of the concept Model for sustainable development implementation risk assessment in developing countries, derived from the following inputs: (a) an overview of the development of international relations and attitudes towards sustainable development; (b) a proposal of a generic model for risk assessment; (c) a prediction of the sustainable development future from the perspective of international relations and defined risks for its implementation. A set of indicators is proposed by dimensions: social, economic–political, and energy-environment. Conclusions: The future of sustainable development can be considered at a certain degree of risk in light of the global crisis after 2022. Changes in geopolitical constellations, armed conflicts, population growth, climate change, and the reallocation of financial resources are the factors that will largely determine the commitment of individual countries to implementing sustainable development. Therefore, sustainable development risk assessment must be revisited, improved, and closely monitored. The development of models based on the specificities of each country is highly recommended. Methodological notes are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The pandemic of Covid-19 virus between 2020 and 2021, brought about limitations in proper functioning of economies not seen until that moment. These constraints were accompanied by a radical increase in public spending that was supposed to be financing measures shielding various industries and sectors, which were forced to put their activity on pause. The purpose of this article is to thoroughly analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the stability of public finance in the face of increasing government spending as well as multiple pro-inflationary factors. Design/methodology/approach: Sound public finance is one of the most crucial challenges for the economic policy system of every country no matter the level of the liberalization of their economies. This stability is commonly regarded as the indicator of a country's financial credibility which directly affects the capital markets. It translates into confidence or lack thereof in financial securities. Fading public trust in the economy of a country calls for raising interest rates which consequently increases the cost of public debt management. The methodology used in the publication is based on the analysis statistical sources and literature reports relating to the stability of public finances of UE countries during the pandemic of Covid-19. Findings: Undoubtedly, the most important cognitive values included in the paper are the problem of the resilience of national public finances to external shocks and their ability to stabilise them in the long term. Practical implications, originality and value: There is no doubt that the last few years have brought some of the greatest challenges in the history of the modern world economy, such as the Covid-19 pandemic and the ongoing war in Ukraine. Both of these factors have caused lasting damage to public finances and require new, creative measures to ensure stability and national security. These topics are undoubtedly very important from an economic and scientific point of view and should be the subject of further in-depth research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In micro-level data concerning the housing market, the apartment quality may be signaled via textual statements or the attached descriptions/photos. It may be done using hard information related to the easier-to-measure structural characteristics or soft information related to the apartment condition and design - soft quality. This paper checks whether the choice of the approach to handling the issue of soft quality of apartments influences the properties of hedonic models and the course of hedonic rent indices. The study shows that hedonic models that account for soft quality have better statistical properties than those without soft-quality-related variables. Among them, the models that include the information on quality extracted from descriptions of apartments prove to be the best. Still, considerable differences in the indicated course of hedonic rent indices have not been detected. However, the paper concludes that utilizing information on apartments' soft quality may be crucial to understanding the market adjustment process to economic shocks. It has been proven that the price reaction of the Poznań (Poland) rental market to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian aggression on Ukraine has been diversified in the quality-related market segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Medicina y Cine / Journal of Medicine & Movies is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, and Ukraine–Russian conflict, both significant geo-political and socio-economic shocks to the global food system and food insecurity has risen across the world. One potential remedy to reduce the level of food insecurity is to move from a lean just-in-time food system to one where there is more resilience through greater agility both in routine supply operations and also in the event of an emergency situation. The aim of this critical perspectives paper was to firstly reflect on the concepts of lean, agility, and 'leagility'. Then, this study considered the ability of individual organisations and the whole food system to be resilient, adaptive, enable the elimination of waste, reduce inefficiency, and assure the consistent delivery to market requirements in terms of both volume, safety, and quality. Promoting the concept of leagility together with advocating resilient, sustainable practices that embed buffer and adaptive capacity, this paper positions that increasing digitalisation and improving business continuity planning can ensure effective operationalisation of supply chains under both normal and crisis situations, ultimately reducing the risk of food insecurity at personal, household, and community levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linkages between the US and China, the world's two major agricultural powers, have brought great uncertainty to the global food markets. Inspired by these, this paper examines the extreme risk spillovers between US and Chinese agricultural futures markets during significant crises. We use a copula-conditional value at risk (CoVaR) model with Markov-switching regimes to capture the tail dependence in their pair markets. The study covers the period from January 2006 to December 2022 and identifies two distinct dependence regimes (stable and crisis periods). Moreover, we find significant and asymmetric upside/downside extreme risk spillovers between the US and Chinese markets, which are highly volatile in crises. Additionally, the impact of international capital flows (the financial channel) on risk spillovers is particularly pronounced during the global financial crisis. During the period of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine 2022 war, the impact of supply chain disruptions (the non-financial channel) is highlighted. Our findings provide a theoretical reference for monitoring the co-movements in agricultural futures markets and practical insights for managing investment portfolios and enhancing food market stability during crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Taking the Institute of Philology and Journalism at Ukraine's Taurida National University as a case study, this paper overviews and distils the crisis management measures utilised in transitioning to fully online education during the crises of the Covid-19 pandemic and full-scale Russian invasion and violence. Design/methodology/approach: With the aim of spotlighting the experiences of the people most directly impacted by these two contemporary crises, this case study documents the lived experience of the authors—all of whom are/were teaching staff at the Institute—and Institute students' responses to online surveys conducted between 2020 and 2022. Findings: The Institute's case study demonstrates that contemporary crisis management via transitioning to fully online learning can be achieved if the following instrumental and methodological components are employed: (1) an initial assessment of the risks and opportunities for the educational community involved; (2) the right choice of online teaching and communications tools; (3) followed by flexibility and gradualism in onward planning (i.e. where technology and pedagogy are understood as interconnected) taking members' feedback into account. However, the success of these components is contingent upon fulfilling psychological components, with care devoted to: upholding members' psychological well-being; offering members ongoing technical support; and strengthening trust between members. Originality/value: This case study offers transferable and adaptable findings for successful crisis management in education, from the Ukrainian context out to the wider world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime transport plays a key role in the global and local economy, accounting for 80% of global trade by volume. This makes smooth operation of the maritime transport essential. However, the sector faces the constant risk of various crises and their potential consequences that may significantly impact and disrupt the movement of goods on local, regional, and global levels. In recent years, two notable crises, namely the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, have been observed. This paper aims to analyse how international crises, such as armed conflicts and pandemics, influence maritime traffic and assess their impact on both global and local economies. A comparison is drawn between the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and before and during the war in Ukraine to exemplify the effects of crises. The findings are then extrapolated to apply to potential future crises. Vessel movements are studied using data collected from Automatic Identification Systems (AIS). In our quantitative approach, we analyse big data using dedicated tools and visualisation techniques to gain insights into specific phenomena. The paper identifies economically significant regions for maritime traffic and examines the impact of crises on their performance. Its unique value lies in its flow-based analysis of changes in maritime traffic. The main conclusion is that China's importance for worldwide maritime traffic is increasing. This makes the global economy heavily reliant on China to a substantially greater extent than it is, for example, on Russia. Consequently, any crisis in the China region could exert a dramatic impact on the global economy. The paper also discusses observations of changes in maritime traffic following the outbreak of the war in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Serbian Journal of Management is the property of Serbian Journal of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the connectedness between gold, wheat, and crude oil futures, Bitcoin, carbon emission futures, and international stock markets in the G7, BRICS, and Gulf regions with the outbreak of exogenous and unexpected shocks related to health, banking, and political crises. To this end, we use a wavelet-based method on the returns of different assets during the period 2 January 2019, to 21 April 2023. The empirical findings show that the existence of time-varying linkages between markets is well documented and appears stronger during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it seems to diminish for some associations with the advent of the Russia-Ukraine War. The empirical results also show that investor risk perceptions measured by the VIX are negatively and substantially linked to stock markets in different regions. Other interesting findings emerge from the connectedness analysis with the outbreak of Silicon Valley bankruptcy. In particular, Bitcoin tends to regain its role as a safe-haven asset against some G7 stock markets during the bank crisis. Such findings can provide valuable insights for investors and policymakers concerning the relationship between different markets during different crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to explore the interconnectedness of volatility among the stock markets of U.S., China, India, and Pakistan in conjunction with oil and gold markets. Employing the novel Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregression (TVP-VAR) model for assessing connectedness, the study scrutinizes key patterns of dependency and interrelation between these markets. Furthermore, this study investigates the dynamic connectedness during the global health crisis due to COVID-19 and the geopolitical crisis due to Russia–Ukraine war periods to identify the changes in their relationship following the two crises episodes. The findings underscore the significance of volatility transmissions emanating from the U.S., a developed market, in shaping these dynamic linkages. It is observed that oil and gold returns play a limited role as sources of shocks for market returns in China, India, and Pakistan, suggesting a relatively lower contribution of oil and gold to equity market volatility. The results also emphasize the safe-haven characteristics of gold during periods of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine war. Moreover, the study indicates that the volatility transmissions during the COVID-19 pandemic are more pronounced compared to the Russia–Ukraine war crisis. These findings hold notable implications for both investors and policymakers, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of market dynamics and the development of risk-averse strategies, particularly in times of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID pandemic highlighted the interdependence which the expansion of global value chains (GVCs) has fostered across the world economy. Perceived fragilities in the supply of key products led to a growing global debate about the wisdom of high levels of reliance on overseas sources, with several commentators suggesting that the pandemic will foster 'de‐globalisation'. Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the economic disruption which accompanied it, have only served to strengthen concerns about interdependence, especially in Europe. In this paper, we draw on analysis of EU policy responses and GVC governance theory to inform the question of whether it is likely that there will be a major reduction in the geographical reach of GVCs due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We argue that, although changes in certain GVCs are likely to be fostered (and reinforced) by the response to the pandemic, it does not make widespread 'de‐globalisation' inevitable. Some GVCs will likely reduce in geographic scope, becoming more regional or national, especially in industries which are considered 'strategic'. However, pressures to de‐globalise and their practical impacts will vary significantly across countries and industrial sectors, depending not only on public policy responses, but on variations in the governance of GVCs themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the start of the war in Ukraine in February 2022, President Zelensky has used his social networks to request international support. This research analyzes the audiovisual discourse of the hegemonic networks during the first 40 days of the humanitarian war crisis in the context of risk communication. The contribution of this research relates to the unveiling of a new era where social media platforms are no longer the underdog of traditional media. This paper analyzes the visual content of President Zelensky's most followed social media profile, Instagram. This paper builds on previous work examining the political leaders of the most affected European countries during the first days of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and how they enhanced the use of their social media profiles in order to communicate about the crisis. In contrast to the use of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic, the audiovisual narrative created by the president of Ukraine optimized the social network's resources and achieved an impactful and authentic approach to leadership during the first 40 days of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the last two-three years, the disruptions of the GVC caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have forced the business sector to restructure and adjust, sometimes very costly and painful. Moreover, with the recent war in Ukraine foreseeable negative implications, it is very certain that large-scale disruptions in the global economic trade and investment flows, and ultimately in the GVC, will dictate the survival and sustainability of business in many economic sectors in the years to come. The main goal of this paper is twofold. First, to review the existing research on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on global trends affecting the current reconfiguring and reshaping of the GVC. Second, to analyse the characteristics of Croatian firms that recorded a decrease in their (indirect and direct) exports in the COVID-19 period by performing a logit model and utilising the World Bank's Enterprise Survey 2019, backed up by the Enterprise Surveys Follow-Up on COVID-19 (3 rounds up to now). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Business Consultant / Poslovni Konsultant is the property of FINconsult Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The aim of this paper was to reflect on global ethical challenges for nurses in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine and to discuss 'Nurses and Global Health', a new element in the revised ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses, 2021, and its implications for nurses. Background: The authors participated in the latest revision of the Code. When we were revising the ICN Code of Ethics, there was neither an ongoing pandemic nor a war in Europe. Sources of evidence: Relevant scientific articles and other academic literature, documents from international organisations, and authors' views. Discussion: The discussion emanated from our reflections on how to actually apply the ICN Code of Ethics, i.e., moving the words from the document itself into everyday practice, in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. In the Code, the nurse's responsibility is highlighted, but there is little or no instruction on how to undertake it. Conclusion and implications for nurses: The ICN Code of Ethics needs to be operationalised through ethical reflection and discussion in all contexts where nurses work, from policy level to the care environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overlapping COVID-19 crisis and the war starting in 2022 threaten front-line healthcare workers' mental health, well-being and job retention in Ukraine. This paper provides a synopsis of a panel discussion held by the Global Mental Health Humanitarian Coalition in May 2022 and expert consultations with clinicians between December 2022 and February 2023 on these challenges. The crises created new problems and exacerbated many pre-existing difficulties. We found that healthcare workers had needed to mobilise previously untapped strengths, including portable emergency medical documents and bespoke local psychosocial support services, amid the costs and pressures of ongoing healthcare reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the world to consider an increase in international cooperation to manage this security threat, particularly under the WHO and with the support of the great powers. The surprise was that the WHO was accused of failure and the great powers developed protectionist and nationalist tendencies, with states coming to the fore once again as the most important actors in world politics. In this context, the paper explores a trend that continued to exist even during the pandemic, even though the war in Ukraine was clearly not on the international agenda: namely a continuation of the struggle for power as traditional Realism define it, but with new sources of power to be explored according to the current trends in the security environment: medical resources and a continuing development of military power, despite the economic problems that have arisen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The mining process is essential in cryptocurrency networks. However, it consumes considerable electrical energy, which is undoubtedly harmful to the environment. In response, energy-conserving cryptocurrency projects with reduced energy requirements or based on renewable energies have been developed. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine ignited an unprecedented upheaval in financial products, especially in cryptocurrency and energy markets. Therefore, the paper aims to explore the response of these energy-conserving cryptocurrencies to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine conflict. Design/methodology/approach: This paper investigates the response of these energy-conserving cryptocurrencies to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine conflict. Their competitiveness is compared with conventional ones by analyzing their efficiency through multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis and automatic variance ratio during the COVID-19 and Russian invasion periods. Findings: The empirical results show that all investigated energy-conserving cryptocurrencies negatively responded to the pandemic and positively reacted to the Russian invasion. On the other hand, all conventional cryptocurrencies reacted negatively to the COVID-19 pandemic and the amid-Russian attack. Besides, Bitcoin and SolarCoin were the least inefficient before the outbreak of COVID-19. Nevertheless, the Ethereum market became the most efficient after the pandemic spread. Similarly, the efficiency of Ripple was the most significant during the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The energy crisis caused by Russia benefited the efficiency of the studied energy-conserving cryptocurrencies. Practical implications: This research is of interest to investors seeking opportunities in these energy-conserving cryptocurrencies and policymakers working to implement reforms to improve their market efficiency and promote long-term financial market growth. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, the behavior of cryptocurrencies based on renewable and reduced energy during the recent conflict between Russia and Ukraine has not been explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pacific Small Island Developing State (SIDS) of Kiribati has met the formal, minimal criteria for graduation from the Least Developed Country (LDC) category of the United Nations on multiple occasions from 2003 to 2018. Nevertheless, in light of both structural, long‐standing constraints and severe more recent challenges – such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Russia‐Ukraine conflict and the exacerbation of the climate crisis – that past assessments took into only partial consideration, the country still appears, at present, unready to lose the support measures that come with the LDC inclusion and to graduate, once and for all, with sustained "momentum." The analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats conducted in this paper suggests the need to further delay any decisions on graduation until more holistic, thorough readiness assessments can be conducted on the basis of new, additional indicators closely reflecting the full range of vulnerabilities that Kiribati, and other similar SIDS, currently face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to estimate the effect of liquidity on the profitability of firms listed on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HSX) in Vietnam during the COVID-19 outbreak. Using a quantitative research method (the feasible generalized least squares method - FGLS), six factors affecting the firms' performance from 2012 to 2021 are identified: COVID-19, the liquidity ratio, firm age, firm size, tangible assets, and gross domestic product growth. This paper has especially highlighted liquidity's negative and significant effect on firms' performance during the pandemic. Therefore, the study findings indicate that manufacturing firms with high liquidity during COVID-19 lose the opportunity to increase revenue due to funds tied to working capital that cannot be used to support the company's operations under the trade-off theory. Besides, high liquidity also increases the company's opportunity cost, which decreases company profitability. However, the study was conducted in a country with government intervention, political stability, and peace, unlike a country in a period of war and economic difficulties, such as Ukraine. Therefore, the article used a cross-country database for more generalizable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the conditional equicorrelation and cross-quantile dependence between the DeFi, European and GCC currency markets (Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates). Design/methodology/approach: This study applies the GARCH-DECO model and cross-quantilogram framework. Findings: The findings reveal evidence of weak and negative average equicorrelations between the examined markets through time, excluding the COVID-19 outbreak and Russia–Ukraine conflict, which is consistent with the literature examining relationships in different markets. From the cross-quantilogram model, the authors note that the dependence between DeFi, EURO and GCC foreign exchange rate markets is greatest in the short run and diminishes over the medium- and long-term horizons, indicating rapid information processing between the markets under consideration, as most innovations are transmitted in the short term. Practical implications: For the pairs of DeFi and currency markets, the static and dynamic optimal weights and hedging ratios are also estimated, providing new empirical data for portfolio managers and investors. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the most important research looking into the conditional correlation and predictability between the DeFi, EURO and GCC foreign exchange markets. More importantly, this study provides the first empirical proof of the safe-haven, hedging and diversification qualities of DeFi, EURO and GCC currencies, and this work also covers the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine war with the use of a single dynamic measure produced by the GARCH-DECO model. In addition, the directional predictability between variables under consideration using the cross-quantilogram model is examined, which can be capable of capturing the asymmetry in the quantile dependent structure. The findings are helpful for both policymakers and investors in improving their trading selections and strategies for risk management in different market conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the conducted research is to examine the effectiveness of portfolios composed of companies classified using the taxonomic measure of investment attractiveness TMAI in the following quarters in the years 2018-2023. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the goal, the TMAI measure was used, which allows for the assessment of the examined objects and their comparison in terms of the analyzed phenomenon. Findings: The analysis carried out allowed for the creation of rankings of companies in terms of their financial situation and the construction of portfolios based on these rankings. The TMAI measure allowed for the identification of a group of companies forming portfolio 4, which allows systematically to obtain a higher rate of return than the reference portfolio. The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic and the wars in Ukraine significantly influenced the rates of return of investment portfolios. In the case of the strongest restrictions related to the pandemic, portfolio 5 brought positive rates of return. The study showed that during the period under review, the highest-rated companies did not create portfolios with the highest rate of return, but limited to the first 3 quarters of the pandemic, these portfolios achieved the highest rates of return. Research limitations/implications: The financial condition of a company, estimated using the TMAI measure, is a variable that is not directly measurable. Its value is generated by observations of diagnostic variables that are directly measurable. The choice of diagnostic variables is a subjective choice of the researcher and should be carried out reliably, preceded by a study of the relevant literature. Practical implications: The proposed method of assessing companies allows you to indicate a portfolio that systematically gives a better result than the reference portfolio containing all the analyzed companies. The existence of such a portfolio allows the use of TMAI for the initial selection of companies for the portfolio. Social implications: What will be the impact on society of this research? How will it influence public attitudes? How will it influence (corporate) social responsibility or environmental issues? How could it inform public or industry policy? How might it affect quality of life? Not all papers will have social implications. Originality/value: Showing that the use of the TMAI method to assess the financial condition of companies is possible and allows their classification in terms of building an investment portfolio even in "difficult" times, i.e. the COVID-19 pandemic. The article, the use of the method is useful for entrepreneurs and investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The primary purpose of the paper is to discuss active and passive approaches to opportunities in strategic management. Crisis situations usually have negative consequences for companies but are also an impetus for implementing changes and seeking opportunities. Theoretical considerations focus on the identification of opportunities in strategic management and their impact on strategy reorientations. The theoretical verification of the above issues allowed to pose a research question: how did IT companies seize opportunities in the face of recent crisis events? Design/methodology/approach: In the article the theoretical concept of R. Krupski in its approach to opportunities was applied. To verify this concept qualitative research - case studies on the example of selected companies in the IT sector was used. Findings: According to theoretical considerations, a passive-external approach to opportunities should be the natural approach to crisis events. The cases presented indicate that the approach to opportunities depends on the specifics of the business, the experience gained and knowledge possessed, as well as the ability to find oneself in a dynamic environment. Both the passiveinternal approach and the active-internal approach to opportunities are feasible in times of crises. Research limitations/implications: The qualitative research conducted is a prelude to further quantitative research on how companies seize opportunities in times of crisis. This research applies only to the IT sector and is worth extending to other sectors. Originality/value: The novelty of this article is the consideration of opportunity and how it is perceived under crisis conditions. These issues should be considered particularly relevant in the framework of business operations, especially in view of recent events, i.e. the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is centered around the COVID-19 pandemic which has posed a global health concern for over three years. It emphasizes the importance of effectively utilizing epidemic simulation models for informed decision-making concerning epidemic control. The challenge lies in appropriately choosing, adapting, and interpreting these models. The research constructs three statistical machine learning models to predict the spread of COVID-19 in specific regions and evaluates their performance using real COVID-19 incidence data. The paper presents short-term (3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days) forecasts of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality for Germany, Japan, South Korea, and Ukraine. The precision of each model was scrutinized based on the type of input data used. Recommendations are provided on how various data sources can enhance the interpretation quality of machine learning models predicting infectious disease dynamics. The initial findings suggest the need for the comprehensive utilization of all available data, favoring cumulative data during holiday-rich periods and daily data otherwise. To minimize the absolute error, databases should be compiled using daily morbidity and mortality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the interconnectedness between Bond and Sukuk markets in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. This study utilized the TVP-VAR extended joint connectedness method. The observed period was from January 2020 to October 2023, encompassing significant global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine war, and the Israeli-Palestinian war. The results show the interconnectedness of bond and sukuk markets in both regions by 73% (based on TCI). The Bond and Sukuk instruments in MENA act as transmitters, while Bond and Sukuk in GCC act as receivers. The study suggests that the Sukuk in GCC and MENA may serve as an attractive option for diversified assets compared to Bonds. Additionally, the paper highlights structural changes and market dynamics during the crisis period that affected financial stability in both regions. The anticipated contribution of this study is to enriching the global economic in term of financial literature and offering policy insight to manage risks and improve financial system resilience in GCC and MENA countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2021, the Polish Association of Economic History (PTHG) prepared and submitted to the 21st General Congress of Polish Historians – Białystok 2024, a panel entitled Saving the economy: reconstruction, stabilization and creating paths for the development of the Polish economy in the 19th and 20th centuries, which was accepted by the congress organizers. The main goal of the research undertaken is to analyze systemic actions to overcome crises in the 19th and 20th centuries, in particular the activity of the state and public institutions "helping the economy", the tools used and their effectiveness and long-term consequences. The events of the last three years, especially the Covid 19 pandemic, the War in Ukraine, and the energy crisis, have put the world economy once again on the threshold of a global crisis. In this context, scientific reflection on the tools and mechanisms of "saving the economy" and "creating development paths" may have not only a cognitive, but also a practical dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Business Consultant / Poslovni Konsultant is the property of FINconsult Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Economist / Novi Ekonomist is the property of University of East Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on ethnographical and collaborative research conducted in the South Mexican region of The Lacandon Jungle, my paper explores how Indigenous peasant communities deal with the effects that various forms of mobility have on their social worlds. Combining decolonial work on Indigenous communality and transnational perspectives with a situational analysis approach, my research specifically focuses on collective processes of meaning-making in light of the increasing mobility among these communities' members. By analyzing how the people who stay collectively organize the community's social world, I position myself against approaches that reduce Indigenous movements to cultural policies, since such approaches overlook the relevance of anti-colonial resistance. My research shows that within the 'Indigenous communal governance systems', the departure of individual members plays a formative role for the entire community, shaping the resulting social relations and political practices. To ensure collective access to territory as a means of communal self-determination, a 'transnational continuum of communality' emerges between the communities of origin and their absent members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the practices of Ukrainian and Moldovan transnational family members in pooling resources within the Hybrid Transnational Social Protection (HTSP) nexus structured into state, universal, market-based and community-sourced protections. In doing so, it aims to show both the relational functioning of transnational family practices where protection resources, including migration itself are sought for the sake of the family as a whole, and the agentic quality of family actions where resource accession is not just passively received, but actively pursued as an example of autonomy, hence suggesting the family to be a platform of family members' co-agency. Through qualitative methodology as employed in the CASTLE action research project, the analysis relies on selected data and specific cases in vignettes illustrating some of the most sensitive situations in the above context: severe illness of a child, COVID-19, the war in Ukraine. Overall, the paper proceeds to highlight a changed and more complicated picture of protection access within migration where, besides being a radically important, often life-saving step, migration becomes inscribed in a new setup where acquiring protection from diverse sources is a complex and creative endeavour. Therein, transnational families prove to be pioneers, indeed founders of global social relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do crises bring us closer together? Many have observed how, during the Covid-19 pandemic, several European societies experienced a 'rally around the flag' effect. While this certainly took the form of support for incumbent governments, anecdotal evidence suggests that individuals' European identification may have been affected as well. In this paper, we exploit the unique timing and panel nature of a survey, whose respondents were interviewed in March/beginning of April 2020, again in July 2020, and finally in November 2022 to analyze whether a change in attachment to Europe occurred between the first and the second wave of the pandemic and with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Our results show that the emotive dimension of EU attachment changed over the course of these crises, increasing both during the Covid pandemic and after the invasion of Ukraine. Our results support the view that symmetric crises tend to bring people closer together, suggesting that far-reaching EU-level actions in case of crises create, rather than require, a perception of belonging to an EU-level community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]