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In this study, α‐glucosidase was successfully immobilized on cellulose filter paper and further applied to screening inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicines combined with capillary electrophoresis analysis. For α‐glucosidase immobilization, a cellulose filter paper was used as the carrier and grafted with amino groups by coating chitosan, then α‐glucosidase was covalently bonded on the amino‐modified carrier via epoxy ring‐opening reaction using polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as the crosslinker. Several parameters influencing the enzyme immobilization were optimized and the optimal values were enzyme concentration of 4 U/mL, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether concentration of 1.25%, chitosan concentration of 7.5 mg/mL, immobilization pH 7.0, crosslinking time of 4 h and immobilization time of 2 h. The immobilized α‐glucosidase exhibited good batch‐to‐batch reproducibility (RSD = 2.1%, n = 5), excellent storage stability (73.5% of its initial activity after being stored at 4°C for 15 days), and reusability (75% of its initial activity after 10 repeated cycles). The Michaelis constant of immobilized α‐glucosidase and half‐maximal inhibitory concentration of acarbose were calculated to be 1.12 mM and 0.38 μM, respectively. Finally, the immobilized α‐glucosidase was used for screening inhibitors from 14 kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicine extracts, and Sanguisorbae Radix showed the strongest inhibitory effect on α‐glucosidase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to retrieve and study the highly cited papers as well as the correlation between the citation frequency and the download frequency of the 20 traditional Chinese medicine journals in China, in order to provide the guidance for improving the influence and academic quality of these journals. Bibliometric analyses were conducted on 1103 papers of 20 traditional Chinese medicine journals from 2011 to 2020 by retrieving for the China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (CAJD) in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the correlation between the citation frequency and the download frequency via conducting regression fitting and establishing the mathematical models. The results showed that the total citations of the 1103 papers were 93051 times and the average citations were 84.36 times per paper. The total downloads of the 1103 papers were 2058442 times, and the average downloads were 1866.22 times per paper. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica ranked first according to the number of papers, total citations and total downloads. The citations of Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials ranked first based on the number of citations per paper. One of Li's paper had been cited the most (983 times). There were 629 (57.03%) papers whose first author was from universities. The scopes of the first authors were distributed in 29 regions and 2 special administrative regions (Macao, Hong Kong) in China. The authors from Beijing published 283 (25.66%) papers, ranking number one. The number of papers supported by funds was 882 (79.96%). The research results of correlation showed that the citation frequency and the download frequency of the highly cited papers had a highly positive correlation from both journal and paper level for whether the sample data of journals was normally distributed or nonnormally distributed. The correlation coefficients of the 20 journals at journal level and that at paper level were 0.9765 and 0.6677, respectively. The correlation was better at journal level than that at paper level, while the optimal regression fitting was all cubic polynomial. Among the 1103 papers, there were 684 (62.01%) research papers and 419 (37.99%) review papers. The main citation period of the top 15 papers was from the 2nd year to the 6th year after publication, accounting for 78.39%. Papers on clinical therapeutics research, papers on the pharmacological effects and its mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, and papers on traditional Chinese medicine and natural medicine were the main source of the highly cited papers of the traditional Chinese medicine journals. Editors of the journals should focus on the above-mentioned research areas to select manuscripts for exploiting the excellent sources extensively, while paying attention to review papers, focusing on national major or key projects, paying attention to network spreading, stabilizing authors with quality services, in order to improve the influence and the academic quality of journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a commodity, the packaging is not only a container for holding goods but also a decoration for commodity promotion. The design of packaging can significantly affect the sales of goods. This paper briefly introduced paper material and the application of paper material in packaging. Then, taking the ginseng antler gift box of the "Li Liangji" brand owned by Tianling Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces Co., Ltd. as the subject, the visual performance of paper packaging was studied. The results showed that paper material could integrate different themes through structural shape, pattern, and text and fully highlight the characteristics of products to make them attractive, replying on its advantages of easy to adjust and print, in the production of premium gift box and general gift box. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel paper-based analytical device (PAD) was prepared and applied to determine the xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts (SME). First, polycaprolactone was 3D printed on filter paper and heated to form hydrophobic barriers. Then the modified paper was cut according to the specific design. Necessary reagents including XOD for the colorimetric assay were immobilized on two separate pieces of paper. By simply adding phosphate buffer, the reaction was performed on the double-layer PAD. Quantitative results were obtained by analyzing the color intensity with the specialized device system (consisting of a smartphone, a detection box and sandwich plates). The 3D-printed detection box was small, with a size of 9.0 cm × 7.0 cm × 11.5 cm. Color component G performed well in terms of linearity and detection limits and thus was identified as the index. The reaction conditions were optimized using a definitive screening design. Moreover, a 10% glycerol solution was found to be a suitable stabilizer. When the stabilizer was added, the activity of XOD could be maintained for at least 15 days under 4 °C or −20 °C storage conditions. The inhibitory activity of SME was investigated and compared to that of allopurinol. The results obtained with the PAD showed agreement with those obtained with the microplate method. In conclusion, the proposed PAD method is simple, accurate and has a potential for point-of-care testing. It also holds promise for use in rapid quality testing of medicinal herbs, intermediate products, and preparations of traditional Chinese medicines. [Display omitted] • The inhibitory activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts on xanthine oxidase was determined with PADs. • A double-layer structure of PAD was designed to avoid enzyme-substrate reactions during storage. • A reaction device and a detection system were suitable for point-of-care test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ligand fishing is a widely used approach for screening active compounds from natural products. Recently, cell membrane (CM) as affinity ligand has been applied in ligand fishing, including cell membrane chromatography (CMC) and CM-coated magnetic bead. However, these methods possess many weaknesses, including complicated preparation processes and time-consuming operation. In this study, cheap and easily available cellulose filter paper (CFP) was selected as carrier of CM and used to fabricate a novel CM-coated CFP (CMCFP) for the first time. The type of CFP was optimized according to the amount of immobilized protein, and the immobilization of CM onto CFP by the insertion and self-fusion process was verified by confocal imaging. The CMCFP exhibited good selectivity and stability and was used for fishing potentially active compounds from extracts of Angelica dahurica. Three potentially active compounds, including bergapten, pabulenol, and imperatorin, were fished out and identified. The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform was used to build an active compound-target protein network, and accordingly, the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 (GABRA1) was deduced as potential target of CM for the active compounds of Angelica dahurica. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the interaction between active compounds and GABRA1, and bergapten was speculated as a new potentially active compound. Compared with other methods, the fishing assay based on CMCFP was more effective, simpler, and cheaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A rapid and low-cost enzyme inhibitor screening method was proposed. • The polydopamine/polyethyleneimine co-deposition was used for enzyme immobilization. • The immobilized enzyme has good performance for screening inhibitors. • Terminalia chebula possessed the strongest inhibition effect on α-glucosidase. In this work, cellulose filter paper (CFP), which is inexpensive and commercially available, was used as the carrier, and the immobilized α-glucosidase was obtained by two steps: firstly, the surface of CFP was modified by polydopamine/polyethyleneimine (PDA/PEI) co-deposition method to obtain CFP-PDA/PEI with a uniform coating of rich positive charge; subsequently, α-glucosidase was immobilized on the CFP-PDA/PEI by electrostatic adsorption. The free enzyme and immobilized enzyme have the same optimal temperature (70℃) and pH (8.0), and their K m is similar, which is 2.2 and 2.8, respectively. These results show that the immobilization process does not change the properties of the enzyme greatly. The immobilized enzyme still maintains 75.6% of its initial activity after 10 repeated uses, showing good reusability. The excellent repeatability (RSD = 2.2%, n = 5) and the verification of competitive inhibitor (acarbose) illustrates the reliability of the immobilized enzymes for enzyme inhibitor screening. Finally, combined with CE, a screening method based immobilized α-glucosidase was proposed and applied to screen the α-glucosidase inhibitory from 10 kinds of Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in vitro. The results indicated that the method was a very effective tool for screening potential α-glucosidase inhibitors from TCMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a fruit tree that has been used in Chinese medicine for thousands of years for the treatment of various diseases. The loquat leaf extracts contain several bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and identification of these substances using quick and simple methods has been an analytical trend. Methods: The influence of dehydration of loquat leaves (without drying, at 40_C, and at 60_C), the type of solvent (ethanol and methanol), and the method of extraction (shaking and ultrasound) on obtaining extracts containing phenolic compounds and substances with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties was evaluated. The chemical constituents of an extract were identified using paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). Results: The extract obtained from the dehydrated leaves at 40_C presented the best results. The extracts obtained from these leaves and with ethanol had the highest values of total phenolics and antioxidant activities, but the methanolic extract subjected to ultrasound had the highest levels of chlorogenic, caffeic, and ellagic acids. All extracts evaluated inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Using the PS-MS technique, it was possible to identify the presence of 49 substances such as organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, sugars, quinones, and terpenes. Conclusions: In general, extracts of dehydrated leaves at 40_C and extracted with ethanol using ultrasound can be considered a good source of bioactive compounds with potential applications as functional ingredients or additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. PS-MS was demonstrated to be a simple and ultrafast technique to obtain the chemical profile of the loquat leaf extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A new method for preparing paper-based analytical devices (PADs) with 3D printing technology was presented. • The analytical parameters of PAD analysis were optimized using the definitive screening design. • The inhibition activity of mulberry extracts on α-glucosidase was determined with PADs using a smartphone as the detector. Abstract A new method for preparing paper-based analytical devices (PADs) with the assistance of 3D printing technology was presented. Polycaprolactone was used as the 3D printing material to form hydrophobic barriers. First, polycaprolactone was 3D printed on filter paper. The polycaprolactone-modified paper was then prepared by heating. Experiments on α-glucosidase inhibition activity were carried out in the hydrophilic circles on the modified paper. Color data were read with a smartphone. After comparison of the multiple color indices, component Y was selected because of its low detection limit. The analytical parameters were optimized with the data collected from the definitive screening designed experiments. Finally, the activity of mulberry extracts in the inhibition of α-glucosidase was determined, and the results obtained using the PADs were compared with the results obtained using microplates. No significant differences were observed between the results obtained using these two methods. The activity of α-glucosidase can be retained with the addition of bovine serum albumin as a stabilizer without significantly influencing the color of the reaction results. Bioassays of traditional Chinese medicines using PADs are accurate, convenient, and less expensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality control methods of current traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation is time-consuming and difficult to assess in terms of overall efficiency of the drug. A non-destructive rapid near-infrared spectroscopy detection system for key chemical components and biological activity of Lanqin oral solution (LOS), one of the best-selling TCM formulations, was established for comprehensive quality evaluation. Near infrared spectral scanning was carried out on 101 batches of commercial LOS under the penetrated vial state and traditional state. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured to detect the anti-inflammatory ability of LOS, and the reference concentrations of epigoitrin, geniposide, and baicalin were obtained by HPLC. The quantitative models were optimized by three kinds of variable selection methods. The correlation coefficients of prediction value of the models were greater than 0.94. The system also passed the external validation. The performance of the non-invasive models was similar to the traditional models. The established non-destructive system can be applied to the rapid quality inspection of LOS to avoid unqualified drugs from entering the market and ensure drug effectiveness. The biological activity index of LOS was introduced and predicted by NIRs for the first time, which provides a new idea about the quality control of TCM formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miss Si-Yu Zhou from Jiangxi Normal University in China has won the 2022 JCC Best Paper Award for her research paper titled "Investigations to mechanism and applications of the glycosylation protocol employing 8-methyltosylaminoethynyl-1-naphthyl (MTEAN) glycoside donors." The award is given by the Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry to recognize the best paper published in the journal each year. Miss Zhou, who received her Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry in 2022, is currently a Lecturer at the School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine. Her research focuses on the mechanism investigations of glycosylation. [Extracted from the article]

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The basic diagnostic and treatment principles of traditional Chinese medicine are the pattern-differentiation-deduced pathogenesis and treatment based on examination of the pathogenesis. Shanghan Lun established a system of pattern differentiation of six meridians, systematically summarized the evolution laws of exogenous febrile disease, and discussed miscellaneous diseases as exogenous diseases. It contains 112 classic formulas and advocates that "those whose disease corresponds to the formulas should take them accordingly", combining disease differentiation and pattern differentiation, containing not only the knowledge of treatment based on pattern identification, but also the profundity of pattern-differentiation-deduced pathogenesis. Based on the original meaning of "pathogenesis", from the three angles of "subtle meaning", "core meaning", and "appropriate meaning", this paper exemplifies the concept of pattern differentiation for six meridians in Shanghan Lun, analyzes the relationship and connotation of formula patterns of classical formulas in Shanghan Lun by "taking pattern with formulas", and explores the concept of pattern-differentiation-deduced pathogenesis in Shanghan Lun. This paper emphasizes that during the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, it is important (i) to deduce the pathogenesis based on pattern differentiation, understand symptoms upon first onset, and deduce the pathogenesis before symptoms appear, thereby treating the disease at an early stage; (ii) to identify the most important concepts, solve complications with simple method, discern the core of the disease, and treat the entire body; and (iii) to optimize timing, act quickly, take advantage of opportunities, accept outcomes, and provide judicious guidance to patients. This paper serves to interpret Shanghan Lun based on pattern-differentiation-deduced pathological mechanism and provides ideas and inspiration for applying the theory of Shanghan Lun to guide clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electroacupuncture has been used as a treatment; however, a visual bibliometric analysis has not yet been performed in this field. In this study, we aimed to suggest future research topics and directions related to the field by examining the last 20years of research trends and hotspots of electroacupuncture in stroke. Methods: We searched the Web of Science database on electroacupuncture as a treatment for stroke published from 2003 to 2022. We analyzed the papers by annual publication, research fields, nations, affiliations, authors, journals, and keywords. VOSviewer software was used to visualize the bibliometric analysis and results. A total of 440 papers were included in the analysis. Results: The number of publications has gradually increased every year, and neuroscience has become the most actively studied field. Neural Regeneration Research journal and China had the most publications. Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, as an affiliated institute, published the most articles. Chen Lidian and Tao Jing presented the largest number of papers, making them the leading contributors in this field. Four clusters were created by analyzing keywords, such as "neuroprotection," "clinical rehabilitation," "neuroplasticity," and "pretreatment-induced tolerance". Conclusion: This study is the first to analyze the research trends in electroacupuncture as a treatment for stroke using the VOSviewer. It shows the current state of research in the field by visualizing research trends and hotspots. This will help offer reference data for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the accelerated pace of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) translation studies and their increasing popularity in China, it is necessary to make a comprehensive review. This study explores the recent development and hotspots on TCM translation studies, based on research articles published between 1992 and 2020 in key journals in China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and it employs bibliometric methods to analyze the status quo, hotspots, and future trends of TCM translation studies. The study identifies the main researchers, their affiliations, and frequently cited papers and examined them from the perspective of keywords and burst terms. We find that TCM translation studies are rapidly increasing, topics and fields are increasingly covered, and cultural elements and their significance are increasingly considered. More perspectives and topics should remain to be considered. Thus, the TCM-related corpus should be expanded to enable in-depth studies. Further, more studies should be conducted on the training of TCM translators and interpreters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is strongly related to lifetime exposure to low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in longitudinal studies. Lipid-lowering therapy (using statins, ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors) substantially ameliorates the risk and is associated with long-term reduction in cardiovascular (CV) events. The robust evidence supporting these therapies supports their continued (and expanding) role in risk reduction. In addition to these 'conventional' therapeutics, while waiting for other innovative therapies, growing evidence supports the use of a range of 'nutraceuticals' (constituents of food prepared as pharmaceutical formulations) including preparations of red yeast rice (RYR), the product of yeast (Monascus purpureus) grown on rice, which is a constituent of food and is used in traditional Chinese medicine. The major active ingredient, monacolin K, is chemically identical to lovastatin. RYR preparations have been demonstrated to be safe and effective in reducing LDL-C, and CV events. However, surprisingly, RYR has received relatively little attention in international guidelines – and conventional drugs with the strongest evidence for event reduction should always be preferred in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the absence of recommendations relating to RYR may preclude the use of a product which may have clinical utility in particular groups of patients (who may anyway self-prescribe this product), what in the consequence might help to reduce population CV risk. This Position Paper of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) will use the best available evidence to give advice on the use of red-yeast rice in clinical practice. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the Study: This study analyzes research on TCM formulae in CHD over the past 30 years, using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. It aims to highlight key trends and hotspots in the field. Materials and Methods: The core database of Web of Science was collected, and the search time range was from the establishment of the database to the present (August 2023) for the literature related to the study of TCM prescriptions in CHD, and the information on the number of literature, countries, journals, authors, institutions, keywords were summarized by applying the software VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results: A total of 135 kinds of literature were included. The number of published journal papers on research on TCM therapeutic formulae for CHD showed an upward trend; China was the most prolific country in this field; the largest number of papers were published in Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, MEDICINE; the average number of citations for authors and institutional analysis revealed that Xu Hao of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mao Jingyuan of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Shang Hongcai of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine constituted the core team of researchers studying the study of TCM formulae for CHD; the keyword analysis suggests that there are mainly 42 specifically named TCM formulae for the treatment of CHD, which are classified into a total of 7 major categories, and the research direction is mainly in the clinical efficacy study of different TCM therapeutic formulae and other aspects. Conclusion: This study shows that there are more types of TCM therapeutic formulae for CHD, and the related research has a good prospect. It is foreseeable that more relevant research results will rely on the study of network pharmacology, signalling pathways, and action targets of TCM therapeutic formulae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although globalization has allowed science and technology to reach every corner of the world, many contemporary Chinese people still tend to follow Traditional Chinese Medicine's (TCM) principles of self-care in their daily lives. This traditional discipline, as a foundational worldview for its people, has existed in China for more than 2,000 years and still seems to continually influence contemporary society. This paper will examine the impact of TCM on young Chinese people's understandings of self-care by examining their preferences and eating habits, especially among those who have lived and studied abroad for a significant period of time. This research mainly adopts the exploratory qualitative method, including interviews with three TCM physicians who practice in hospitals in China and fifteen interviews with Chinese graduate students who have overseas study experience. The findings reveal the indispensable role TCM plays in the contemporary Chinese diet. Young people apply TCM standards to their dietary practices and prefer TCM food-based treatments over biomedical solutions when dealing with illness. The feedback from participants also presents how Chinese traditions are constantly being absorbed and reinvented today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper media including the People's Daily, Guangming Daily, Health News and Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine were the main media that spread the thought and policy of integrative medicine (IM) in the early stage of the integration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) in China. Issues including paper media and its roles for spreading IM, from "TCM learning from WM" to "WM learning from TCM", advocating integration of TCM and WM, promoting IM through multiple channels were analyzed in this article, so as to show the propagation process of IM in China and the roles of the paper media. It was shown that strengthening the propaganda of IM through mainstream media, strengthening media convergence and the role of new media are important in spreading the thought of IM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cellulose filter paper was used as a novel carrier for AChE immobilization. • Immobilized AChE exhibited excellent performance for inhibitors screening. • Immobilized AChE coupled with CE were applied to screening inhibitors from TCMs. • Terminalia chebula possessed the strongest inhibition effect on AChE. Discovering acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors is one of the important ways to develop new drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this work, a simple strategy was developed for screening AChE inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) by capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis combined with enzymatic assay, in which immobilized AChE was employed. For AChE immobilization, cellulose filter paper (CFP) was used as the carrier material and physically coated with chitosan owing to moderate viscosity of chitosan to be introduced into amino groups, and then AChE was covalently bonded to the amino-functionalized CFP through a Schiff base reaction using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linking agent. The CFP-immobilized AChE exhibited enhanced endurance to pH and temperature, improved storage stability, excellent repeatability and reusability. More remarkably, CFP-immobilized AChE can be instantly separated from enzyme reaction mixture thus greatly simplifying the operational process. For immobilized AChE, the Michaelis-Menten constant, inhibition constant and IC 50 were determined using huperzine A as a model inhibitor. Finally, CFP-immobilized AChE was applied to inhibitor screening from 17 TCMs, among which Chebulae Fructus (ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on AChE. The positive results indicated that such a screening strategy may open up a new avenue to discover active components from TCMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) acupuncture and moxibustion, research on acupuncture and moxibustion in the Western world is deepening. The concept of acupuncture and moxibustion popular in the West is formed. By investigating the localization of acupuncture and moxibustion in the Western world, this paper introduces several kinds of acupuncture and moxibustion popular in the West and concludes the spread of acupuncture and moxibustion popular in the West through hospitals and clinics, academic works, social organizations, education, and training. This paper provides a global vision developing domestic acupuncture and moxibustion and promoting academic prosperity and technical progress of world acupuncture and moxibustion system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapidly changeable market, product innovation is critical for enterprises to improve their product competitiveness. Product innovation can be described as an evolutionary process of technical systems where the relationship between technologies follows the evolution from parasitism to symbiosis in technological parasitism theory. The existing research on the technological parasitism theory mainly focuses on explaining and verifying the evolution law of product systems from parasitism to symbiosis in the product innovation process. However, these research activities are a post-hoc summary, which limits the guidance for enterprises to proactively realize the evolution of products from parasitism to symbiosis in an ex-ante perspective. For the development of innovative products in the engineering field, enterprises lack an effective ex-ante design method to proactively find the appropriate parasitic technology, and integrate it with the host technology for the product system evolving towards a symbiotic state. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a product innovation design process based on the recombination of host and target genes under the technological parasitism framework. Product scenario analysis is used to explore the potential function needs to determine the search direction of parasitic technologies. The min-complement distance measure method is introduced to identify the appropriate parasitic technology. Based on four recombination operations, the construction process of new product genome through the recombination of host and target genes is proposed. The concept of new product is formed through the transcription of the product genome. The final scheme is developed objectively by using the coefficient variation method and Dempster combination rule. The proposed method is applied in the ex-ante design of a Chinese medicine dispensing machine for its feasibility and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the ageing of the population, environmental degradation and dietary abnormalities, the incidence of global cardiovascular disease has increased sharply, its serious impact on physical and mental health of humans is an important factor. Chinese medicine has a long history and significant efficacy in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Based on the bibliometric method in the context of big data, this paper searched and screened the relevant literatures of TCM in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases included by SCI from 2004 to 2016 and analysed them from the aspects of annual change, regional distribution, institutional distribution, journal source, research field, highly cited literatures, high-frequency keywords and so on. The analysis results show that the total amount of literature in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by traditional Chinese medicine is on the rise, mainly focusing on the application of traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese herbal compound, acupuncture and moxibustion, and taiji and other traditional Chinese medicine regimen. The research results of this paper provide a direction reference for TCM researchers to better understand the current research status of TCM in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases under the background of big data and for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The active ingredients and thus pharmacological efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) at different degrees of parching process vary greatly. Objective: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was used to develop a new method for rapid online analysis of TCM parching process, using two kinds of chemical indicators (5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural [5-HMF] content and 420 nm absorbance) as reference values which were obviously observed and changed in most TCM parching process. Materials and Methods: Three representative TCMs, Areca (Areca catechu L.), Malt (Hordeum Vulgare L.), and Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.), were used in this study. With partial least squares regression, calibration models of NIR were generated based on two kinds of reference values, i.e. 5-HMF contents measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 420 nm absorbance measured by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis), respectively. Results: In the optimized models for 5-HMF, the root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) for Areca, Malt, and Hawthorn was 0.0192, 0.0301, and 0.2600 and correlation coefficients (Rcal) were 99.86%, 99.88%, and 99.88%, respectively. Moreover, in the optimized models using 420 nm absorbance as reference values, the RMSEP for Areca, Malt, and Hawthorn was 0.0229, 0.0096, and 0.0409 and Rcal were 99.69%, 99.81%, and 99.62%, respectively. Conclusions: NIR models with 5-HMF content and 420 nm absorbance as reference values can rapidly and effectively identify three kinds of TCM in different parching processes. This method has great promise to replace current subjective color judgment and time-consuming HPLC or UV/Vis methods and is suitable for rapid online analysis and quality control in TCM industrial manufacturing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herb compatibility is the soul of traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions. Coptidis rhizoma (CR) (Coptis chinensis Franch., Coptis deltoidea C.Y.Cheng et Hsiao, or Coptis teeta Wall.; family Ranunculaceae), is a well-known herb. The bitter and cold nature of CR can irritate the spleen and stomach, and certain ingredients in CR may trigger allergic reactions. Herb combinations can help alleviate the side effects caused by CR. Through data analysis and literature research, there are many herbs combined with CR have a high frequency, but only a few are currently used as formulae in clinical practice. The results showed that these six herb pairs are usually widely studied or used as prescriptions in the clinic. This paper describes the six herb pairs from the key traditional uses, changes in bioactive constituents, and compatibility effects, especially with Euodiae fructus (family Rutaceae), Scutellariae radix (family Lamiaceae), Magnoliae Officinalis cortex (family Magnoliaceae), Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma (family Fabaceae), Ginseng radix et rhizoma (family Araliaceae), and Aucklandiae radix (family Asteraceae), and found that herbs are more effective when used in combination. Therefore, it is feasible to establish some methods to study herb pairs comprehensively from different perspectives. This paper aims to provide the latest and most comprehensive information on the six herb pairs and summarize the pattern of CR compatibility effects. It aims to attract more attention, and further experimental studies will be conducted to investigate and evaluate the effects of herb pairs containing CR. These data can also provide valuable references for researchers and also provide more possibilities for future applications in clinical practice and new drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a traditional Chinese medical practice, has gradually evolved into a coherent and systematic medical science based on natural principles and applied to human beings over time. The publication of the "Huangdi Neijing" (The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine, Written between the Warring States period and the Qin and Han Dynasties, and finally compiled in the Western Han Dynasty, from 475 B.C.E.-8 C.E.) signified the establishment of a comprehensive theoretical framework for Chinese medicine. Due to the perspective of the 'correspondence between heaven and man' in TCM, the purpose of this paper is to explore the origin and development of the basic theories of TCM under the ancient astronomical view and the connection between the two. Methods: This paper emphases on the universe uninty with the humanities, philosophy, and medicine, starting with the forms of stargazing in ancient Chinese astronomy and the natural laws derived by the ancients from their observations of natural celestial phenomena. Results: Astronomy, arts and crafts, divination and medical correlations are based on the sequential changes of natural seasons. Conclusion: The operation of natural celestial phenomena and the characteristics of physical phenomena correspond to human physiology, and the development of the basic theories of Chinese medicine is inextricably linked to ancient astronomy, ancient philosophy, and ancient primeval science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence rate of breast cancer is high, and endocrine therapy for breast cancer frequently causes bone loss. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to review the effect of TCM on bone loss associated with endocrine therapy in patients with breast cancer. Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP full-text Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature data (CBM), relevant Chinese and foreign periodicals, conference papers, degree papers, and supplemented by literature tracing were searched. Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of TCM on bone loss associated with endocrine therapy in patients with breast cancer were collected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria from the establishment of each database to May 2022. Twenty-two clinical controlled studies were eventually selected. The results of the meta-analysis showed effectiveness (RR (Risk Ratio): 1.22, 95% CI (confidence interval): 1.10-1.36, I² = 0%), improvement of lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) (WMD (weighted mean difference): 0.07, 95% CI: 0.06-0.08, I² = 23%), improvement of BMD T value (WMD: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.28-0.46, I² = 66%), and improvement of BMD in the femoral neck (WMD: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.05-0.09, I² = 33%). The funnel chart suggested that a publication bias was observed in the literature, which may be explained by the heterogeneity in the study data and the limited number of included examples. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to confirm that the differences among the studies were acceptable. No study reported adverse effects. Our results indicated that TCM is helpful for bone loss associated with endocrine therapy in patients with breast cancer based on the effectiveness, lumbar BMD, BMD T value, and BMD of the femoral neck. The use of TCM is thus safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Network pharmacology (NP) has become an increasingly important focus in the drug research field over the past decade. However, no study to date has mapped the current status of NP. Therefore, we performed a bibliometric study to evaluate the top 100 cited papers on NP. Methods. We searched the Web of Science Core Collection from its inception to February 25, 2019, using the terms "network pharmacology" and "systems pharmacology." Key data, including title, publication year, number of citations, authors, countries/regions, organizations, and journals, were retrieved and analyzed using Excel 2016 and VOSviewer 1.6.10. Results. The total number of citations for the 100 cited papers ranged from 21 to 1,238, published in 53 journals, from 2005 to 2017. The top three journals with the most publications on NP were Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (n = 8, IF2017 = 6.544), Journal of Ethnopharmacology (n = 8, IF2017 = 3.115), and PLoS One (n = 7, IF2017 = 2.766). Most published articles were from the USA (n = 41) and China (n = 35). The most active author was Wang Yonghua from the Northwest A&F University, and of the 100 publications, 14 listing his name. The most frequently used substantive terms included "drug discovery," "traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)," "in-vitro," "cancer," and "cardiovascular disease." Conclusions. The USA and China made the greatest contribution to NP research. The current NP research mainly focused on NP methods (including experimental validation) and using them to explore the molecular mechanisms of TCM for some critical diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Furthermore, we believe some guidelines should be developed to regulate NP studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluates a number of publications in acupuncture and compares the findings with the number of publications in laser techniques as used in mainstream medicine. Searches in PubMed in the period from 1964 to 2002; Observation that the number of publications is higher for laser than acupuncture; Interest factor for laser as compared for acupuncture.

The key point in studying or teaching the history of Chinese medicine is on the doctrines underlying it and on its perception of the body, physiology, pathology, and its treatment. Namely, there is often a tendency to focus on reading and analysing the classical canons and therapy-related texts including formularies and materia medica collections. However, focusing on these sources provides us with a one-sided presentation of Chinese medicine. These primary sources lack the clinical down-toearth know-how that encompasses medical treatment, which are represented, for instance, in the clinical rounds of modern medical schools. Our traditional focus on the medical canons and formularies provides almost no clinical knowledge, leaving us with a one-sided narrative that ignores how medicine and healing are actually practiced in the field. This paper focuses on the latter aspect of medicine from a historical perspective. Using written and visual sources dating to the Song dynasty, clinical encounters between doctors and patients including their families are depicted based on case records recorded by a physician, members of the patient's family, and bystanders. This array of case records or case stories will enable us to narrate the interaction between physicians and patients both from the clinical perspective and from the social interaction. This paper will also discuss visual depictions of the medical encounter to provide another perspective for narrating medicine during the Song dynasty. Medical case records and paintings depicting medical encounters are exemplary of the potential of Chinese primary sources for narrative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research aims to explore the trends and knowledge domain of acupuncture for cerebral infarction through bibliometrics. Methods: Publications related to acupuncture for cerebral infarction were retrieved from the Web of Science core collection database from 1993 to December 31, 2023. A domain knowledge graph was then constructed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, GraphPad Prism, and Scimago Graphica. Results: The cumulative publication trend shows a steady increase over the years, with China being the most productive country. Notably, Europe exhibits significant close collaboration. Institutional cooperation is primarily observed among Chinese universities specializing in traditional Chinese medicine. Tao Jing is the most prolific author, with his highest number of publications is in "Stroke" journal, and Acupuncture Electro Therapeutics Research is the significantjournal. Zhang SH is the most cited author, and Si QM is a prominent author in this field. Rehabilitation treatment after cerebral infarction emerges as a prevalent research focus, with nerve regeneration being a keyword. Long EZ's 1989 paper, published in the journal Stroke, holds significant importance. The prominent papers are Donnan et al. and Wu et al., which covers the following topics: "population-based study," "Baihui Acupoint," "memory deficits," "neurotrophic factor," and "randomized trial." Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis of acupuncture for cerebral infarction offers insights into the Web of Science database, delineates a knowledge map of countries, authors, institutions, cited authors, keywords, cited references in the field of acupuncture for cerebral infarction, which has a momentous guiding significance for quickly and accurately positioning the key information in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) book is an indispensable carrier for the implementation of the strategy for invigorating China through science and education. Developing high-quality TCM book publishing industry plays a very important role in training TCM talents, improving the quality of TCM education, and enhancing the confidence in the traditional culture. This paper reviewed the historical process of the TCM book publishing industry from its beginning to the present, and proposed nine problems for promoting the high-quality development of TCM book publishing in the current environment, aiming at the pain points and difficulties existing in the current development of the publishing industry. It fundamentally points out the development direction and coping strategies of the future TCM book publishing, and promotes the high-quality development of the benign, orderly and sustainable publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastroparesis is a gastric disease characterized by delayed gastric emptying. "Vomiting" is the main clinical manifestation of this disease, while "atrophy" indicates dysfunction of the stomach. Based on the theory of "atrophy, dyspnea and vomiting are ascribed to the upper part", originating from the Chapter of "Zhi Zhen Yao Da Lun" from the Suwen(Basic Questions) section this paper explored the pathogenesis and treatment idea of gastroparesis from the function of the lung. It is put forward that failure of lung qi in dispersion, so the lung qi cannot maintain the circulation of harmonizing qi and blood, leading to malnutrition of stomach and loss of stomach receiving food and drink function. Melancholy impairing lung, so lung cannot govern diffusion, leading to stomach governing the disfunction of dredging and descending. Impaired depurative descending of lung qi, so the large intestine and stomach are lost in the alternating operation of deficiency and excess, leading to stomach governing the disfunction of transportation and transformation. Therefore, the treatment approach is proposed to improve the stomach's function to receive food and drink, transport and transform and promote the recovery of gastric motility by replenishing and restoring lung qi, regulating emotions and catharsis and smoothing lung. Analyzing the effect of function of the lung on gastric motility is of great value for expanding the application of traditional Chinese medicine in gastrointestinal motility disorders, and digging new connotations of classic theories in modern clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most systems of traditional medicine have been using herbal medicines to prevent and treat acute respiratory conditions and various other conditions for centuries. The aim of this project is to identify and examine the systematic and narrative reviews reporting on the therapeutic use of herbal medicines as it relates to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and long COVID. Methods: This paper is part of an umbrella review of studies related to natural health products and natural therapies for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19. It is a follow-up to a live review that was conducted by the World Naturopathic Federation between May 2022 and May 2023. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for systematic and narrative reviews that met defined quality criteria. Results: Over half of the initial systematic reviews were excluded as they did not meet the inclusion and AMSTAR criteria. The final paper included 25 narrative reviews and 41 systematic reviews (SR), with half of the SRs reporting on the safety of herbal interventions. Various therapeutic properties of over 60 herbal medicines were outlined, some individually and most of them as part of herbal formula (combinations). Conclusion/Summary: Herbal interventions demonstrated statistically significant improved recovery in patients with COVID-19. The most common therapeutic properties identified were immunological properties, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant while the most frequently investigated herbs were Glycyrrhiza glabra/uralensis, Tinospora cordifolia, and Curcuma longa. More attention is needed on the regulation of herbal medicines, the quality of research, and the safety of herbal medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents three cases of the Zhang’s Cupping Triple Therapy, an innovative approach in traditional Chinese medicine that integrates modern technology with ancient healing techniques. The therapy, designed for pain management, particularly in the back, lumbar, and sacral regions, combines electrical cupping, targeted acupuncture along the spine, and infrared lamp radiation. Each component contributes synergistically to the overall therapeutic effect, enhancing blood flow, reducing inflammation, and promoting relaxation. The paper showcases three illustrative case studies, each addressing a different complex medical condition: ankylosing spondylitis and endometriosis, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. These cases demonstrate the therapy’s versatility and efficacy in providing significant pain relief, improving joint mobility, and enhancing the overall quality of life. The treatment outcomes highlight the potential of Zhang’s Cupping Triple Therapy in managing chronic conditions and underscore the value of integrating traditional therapies with modern medical practices. The paper presents strong cases for the recognition of alternative therapies like the Zhang’s Cupping Triple Therapy in mainstream healthcare, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach to patient care and the potential for improved health outcomes in chronic condition management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysmenorrhea, classified as primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea, is a common gynecological symptom that seriously affects female daily life. At present, studies on dysmenorrhea are numerous and complex. To better reflect the trend and innovative progress of dysmenorrhea-related research, this study screened papers on the Web of Science from January 1, 1992, to December 31, 2022. A total of 1012 papers were selected and analyzed for their affiliated countries, institutions, authors, keywords, etc. China is the country with the most academic output, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the most influential institution, and Yang Jie, from Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China, is the scholar with the most papers. We consider that the current research focus is on pathogenesis, treatment, epidemiology, and self-management. With increasing research on functional connectivity between dysmenorrhea and various brain regions, functional connectivity has gradually become the forefront of research. We hope our study can promote the further study of dysmenorrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kudzu (Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi) is a fast growing leguminous vine plant that has strong reproductive ability and low requirements on its growing conditions. It has been considered an invasive plant in some places because of its aggressive growth, which can destroy the habitat for native plants and animals. However, its strong environmental adaptability makes it easily cultivated as a sustainable resource. Kudzu can also keep soil from washing away and play an important role in ecological protection. Kudzu has had numerous practical uses in our daily lives since ancient times. For example, its root, stem, flower and pod are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Its root is a healthy food. And its leaf is used as fodder and forage for livestock. Moreover, some recent studies on kudzu have found that it is in rich of bioactive ingredients, especially isoflavones, which further broadens its uses in medicine, healthy food, and cosmetics industries. Its high starch and cellulose content makes it a promising feedstock for biofuel production and paper preparation. This editorial will give a brief discussion on kudzu and its comprehensive utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of modern science technology and Internet technology, the establishment of a unified and standardized bibliographic summary database to realize the exchange and resource sharing of ancient Chinese medicine bibliography, is the inevitable trend of ancient Chinese medicine bibliography digital service. Firstly, this paper formulates the bibliographic metadata specification of traditional Chinese medicine ancient books (TCMAB), extracts each cataloging file into an XML document in line with the bibliographic metadata specification of TCMAB. Secondly, this paper realizes the unified description of ancient book resources in the database system of TCMAB, uses the native XML database eXist to store and manage the XML documents of all traditional Chinese medicine ancient book resources, and integrates the multimedia data with XML data. Finally, genetic algorithm and BP neural network are used for knowledge mining and discovery, the overall model design of TCMAB bibliographic abstracts database system is proposed based on the construction process of knowledge map. The system platform adopts B/S mode, eXist database management system, PowerSSP streaming media and video server for audio video processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper documents the long history of feng shui belief and practice in Chinese culture, and its spread worldwide in the past half century. It shows that commitment to the peculiar qi or chi entity is central to feng shui and more generally to traditional Chinese writings on medicine, astrology, philosophy, politics, literature, natural philosophy and science. Despite their centrality and omnipresence, chi claims have rarely been scientifically appraised. This is, in part, because they are stated so vaguely and mysteriously that no definite test is possible. This paper examines, and refutes, the claims of one rare but well-credentialled, multi-university-based research programme affirming the reality of chi. The paper shows that the cost of seriously endorsing a chi-based explanation of any putative effect is a rejection of the entire ontological, epistemological and methodological edifice of modern science. Chi explanations are incompatible with both a methodological and an ontological naturalist understanding of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: How should firms respond to technological discontinuities in order to achieve greater performance? In contrast to most studies that advocate a timely transition from the old to the new technology, this paper posits that in markets where a discontinuous technology exposes customers' latent preference heterogeneity for certain old technology attributes, firms may ultimately experience a performance surge by adhering to the old technology during technological change. Explicitly, I theorize a U‐shaped relationship within such a market between competitors' increasing adoption of the new technology and the performance of firms that stick with the old technology. This prediction is thoroughly examined using comprehensive data from the traditional Chinese medicine industry in China during the 1990s and receives robust empirical support. Managerial Summary: In some markets, the rise of a discontinuous technology, besides posing a substitute threat to the old technology, further exposes niche segments where customers continue to favor the old technology. This paper predicts that within such a market, as competitors increasingly adopt the new technology for varied motives, firms sticking with the old technology may see their performance declining before rebounding and potentially reaching new heights. Analyses using archival data from the traditional Chinese medicine industry in China during the 1990s provide robust support for this prediction. The arguments and findings of this paper offer an "existence proof" that when confronted with a technological discontinuity, adhering to the old technology may also represent an effective strategy that ultimately improves firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive development. It is clinically characterized by cognitive impairment, memory impairment and behavioral change. Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture are important components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and are commonly used in clinical treatment of AD. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine natural products and acupuncture treatment of AD, which combined with existing clinical and preclinical evidence, based on a comprehensive review of neuroinflammation, and discusses the efficacy and potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine natural products and acupuncture treatment of AD. Resveratrol, curcumin, kaempferol and other Chinese herbal medicine components can significantly inhibit the neuroinflammation of AD in vivo and in vitro, and are candidates for the treatment of AD. Acupuncture can alleviate the memory and cognitive impairment of AD by improving neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity, nerve cell apoptosis and reducing the production and aggregation of amyloid β protein (Aβ) in the brain. It has the characteristics of early, safe, effective and benign bidirectional adjustment. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for improving the clinical strategies of TCM for the treatment of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there have been advances in the fundamental research of acupuncture, yet the growing disconnect between this research and clinical practice has become increasingly evident. This paper revolves around the establishment of the discipline of Acupuncture Systems Engineering and explores the paradigm shift in acupuncture research from being science-driven to becoming technology-driven, with the aim of reshaping the innovative development path of acupuncture. Acupuncture Systems Engineering aims to investigate acupuncture techniques and their applications, while also seeking to establish research models and method that align with these pursuits, thereby providing new technological means and pathways for the study of acupuncture effects and achieving clinical translation. Under the guidance of Acupuncture Systems Engineering, acupuncture is no longer merely a traditional medical approach but has evolved into a multidisciplinary field of innovative traditional Chinese medicine, incorporating engineering, biology, information technology, artificial intelligence, and more. Through technology-driven research and application, Acupuncture Systems Engineering brings a revitalized and promising future to the field of acupuncture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese medicine processing (CMP) is a unique pharmaceutical technology that distinguishes it from natural medicines. Current research primarily focuses on changes in chemical components to understand the mechanisms behind efficacy enhancement in processing. However, this paper presents a novel perspective on the biopharmaceutics of CMP. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current research, emphasizing two crucial aspects: the role of 'heat' during processing and the utilization of processing adjuvants. The paper highlights the generation of easily absorbed components through the hydrolysis of glycosides by 'heat', as well as the facilitation of dissolution, absorption, and targeted distribution of active components through the utilization of processing adjuvants. From a biopharmaceutic perspective, this paper provides a lucid comprehension of the scientific foundation for augmenting the efficacy of CMP. Moreover, it proposes a three-dimensional research framework encompassing chemical reactions, phase transitions, and biopharmaceutical properties to further investigate the mechanisms involved in enhancing the efficacy of CMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (P. ginseng) is one of the more common traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). It contains numerous chemical components and exhibits a range of pharmacological effects. An enormous burden is placed on people's health and life by Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition. Recent research has shown that P. ginseng's chemical constituents, particularly ginsenosides, have a significant beneficial impact on the prevention and management of neurological disorders. To understand the current status of research on P. ginseng to improve AD, this paper discusses the composition of P. ginseng, its mechanism of action, and its clinical application. The pathogenesis of AD includes amyloid beta protein (Aβ) generation and aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidant stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial damage, and neurotransmitter and gut microbiota disorders. This review presents the key molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of the active ingredients in P. ginseng involved in improving AD from the perspective of AD pathogenesis. A P. ginseng-related signaling pathway network was constructed to provide effective targets for the treatment of AD. In addition, the application of spatial metabolomics techniques in studying P. ginseng and AD is discussed. In summary, this paper discusses research perspectives for the study of P. ginseng in the treatment of AD, including a systematic and in-depth review of the mechanisms of action of the active substances in P. ginseng, and evaluates the feasibility of applying spatial metabolomics in the study of AD pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]