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2. Which Individual and School-Level Factors Predict Student Perceptions of the School Climate in a Diverse Sample of Charter Schools throughout the Country? A Working Paper
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Transforming Education, Buckley, Katie, Subedi, Sushmita, Paek, Ji Won, Krachman, Sara, and Gehlbach, Hunter
- Abstract
In this study, we examine which student and school characteristics predict students' perceptions of the school climate. Our data come from a survey administered to nearly 3,000 students in grades 4-12 in 18 charter schools throughout the country. The survey asks students about their perceptions of seven distinct aspects of the school's culture and climate: cultural and linguistic competence, learning strategies, rigorous expectations, school safety, sense of belonging, student engagement, and teacher-student relationships. We find substantial "within"-school variation in student perceptions of the school climate, which is explained in part by differences in student race/ethnicity and grade level. This finding suggests that among our diverse sample of charter schools, school climate surveys may be better suited to capture group-level differences in student experiences within a school as opposed to school-level differences. Although there is far less variation in student perceptions of school climate "between" schools, school composition, as measured by the racial/ethnic diversity of the school, is a meaningful predictor of student perceptions of the school's cultural and linguistic competence, student engagement, and sense of belonging. While further analyses are needed, our findings suggest that schools with more diverse student bodies may be better able to foster positive student experiences.
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- 2019
3. Writing Better Essay Exams. IDEA Paper #76
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IDEA Center and Boye, Allison P.
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Essay exams offer many benefits for instructors who seek to vary their assessment methods and engage students in critical discourse, yet they also pose many challenges and require thoughtful construction and evaluation. The author provides an extensive overview of the literature to illuminate best practices for designing and assessing effective essay prompts, includes examples, and offers suggestions for preparing students for success.
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- 2019
4. A SOAR-Fired Method for Teaching Synthesis Writing. IDEA Paper #74
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IDEA Center, Luo, Linlin, and Kiewra, Kenneth A.
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Students often fail to write effective synthesis essays that compare multiple sources across common intersecting categories. Instead, they compose flawed essays that focus primarily on one source and then add a few ideas from other sources (patchwriting); report ideas from all sources in a disjointed fashion (tag-all writing); or draw from one source after another without comparison (separate-representation writing). Effective synthesis writing depends on three strategies: selecting important information from each source, arranging the selected information in a graphic organizer for easy comparison, and connecting information from the various sources in a comparative way. The authors report on an established teaching and learning system called SOAR (Select, Organize, Associate, and Regulate) and its newly investigated impact on synthesis writing in the two studies that they conducted. In the first study, students provided with SOAR supplements (a graphic organizer, association prompts, and a regulation checklist) composed essays that contained more information, better synthesis organization, and more intertextual relationships than did essays from students who were not using SOAR supplements. In the second study, SOAR-trained students composed better organized synthesis essays than students who used their own preferred strategies. Across studies, students found SOAR helpful for synthesis writing and reported that they would be likely to use SOAR for future writing assignments. The authors conclude with an example of how to teach students to use SOAR when they write.
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- 2019
5. Knowing When to Fold 'em: Problem Attributes and Strategy Differences in the Paper Folding Test
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Burte, Heather, Gardony, Aaron L., Hutton, Allyson, and Taylor, Holly A.
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Spatial visualization--the ability to mentally imagine and manipulate objects--has frequently been measured using the Paper Folding Test (PFT). In this task, participants view diagrams of a paper being folded and a hole being punched. They then identify the resulting punch pattern. Although task instructions promote mentally unfolding the paper, the extent to which people follow this spatial visualization strategy is unknown. The present work assesses hypothesized PFT solution strategies and their relation to problem attributes. Accuracy was impacted by the interaction between fold types, linear mixed models revealed greater use of simple heuristics compared to the suggested unfolding. Furthermore, most participants used a single strategy but simple heuristics were more often used than unfolding. Given this, we recommend redesigning the PFT to utilize the prevalence of strategy use to assess individual differences. [This is the in press version of an article published in "Personality and Individual Differences" (ISSN 0191-8869).]
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- 2018
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6. CALL Communities & Culture: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2016 (23rd, Limassol, Cyprus, August 24-27, 2016)
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Research-publishing.net (France), Papadima-Sophocleous, Salomi, Bradley, Linda, and Thouësny, Sylvie
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The 23rd EUROCALL conference was held in Cyprus from the 24th to the 27th of August 2016. The theme of the conference this year was "CALL Communities and Culture." It offered a unique opportunity to hear from real-world CALL practitioners on how they practice CALL in their communities, and how the CALL culture has developed in local and global contexts. Short papers from the conference are presented in this volume: (1) The impact of EFL teachers' mediation in wiki-mediated collaborative writing activities on student-student collaboration (Maha Alghasab); (2) Towards the development of a comprehensive pedagogical framework for pronunciation training based on adaptive automatic speech recognition systems (Saandia Ali); (3) Digital literacy and sustainability--a field study in EFL teacher development (Christopher Allen and Jan Berggren); (4) Self-evaluation using iPads in EFL teaching practice (Christopher Allen, Stella K. Hadjistassou, and David Richardson); (5) Amateur online interculturalism in foreign language education (Antonie Alm); (6) Teaching Turkish in low tech contexts: opportunities and challenges (Katerina Antoniou, Evelyn Mbah, and Antigoni Parmaxi); (7) Learning Icelandic language and culture in virtual Reykjavic: starting to talk (Branislav Bédi, Birna Arnbjörnsdóttir, Hannes Högni Vilhjálmsson, Hafdís Erla Helgadóttir, Stefán Ólafsson, and Elías Björgvinsson); (8) Investigating student choices in performing higher-level comprehension tasks using TED (Francesca Bianchi and Ivana Marenzi); (9) An evaluation of text-to-speech synthesizers in the foreign language classroom: learners' perceptions (Tiago Bione, Jennica Grimshaw, and Walcir Cardoso); (10) Quantifying CALL: significance, effect size and variation (Alex Boulton; (11) The contribution of CALL to advanced-level foreign/second language instruction (Jack Burston and Kelly Arispe); (12) Using instructional technology to integrate CEFR "can do" performance objectives into an advanced-level language course (Jack Burston, Androulla Athanasiou, and Maro Neophytou-Yiokari); (13) Exploiting behaviorist and communicative action-based methodologies in CALL applications for the teaching of pronunciation in French as a foreign language (Jack Burston, Olga Georgiadou, and Monique Monville-Burston); (14) Mobile assisted language learning of less commonly taught languages: learning in an incidental and situated way through an app (Cristiana Cervini, Olga Solovova, Annukka Jakkula, and Karolina Ruta); (15) Using object-based activities and an online inquiry platform to support learners' engagement with their heritage language and culture (Koula Charitonos, Marina Charalampidi, and Eileen Scanlon); (16) Urban explorations for language learning: a gamified approach to teaching Italian in a university context (Koula Charitonos, Luca Morini, Sylvester Arnab, Tiziana Cervi-Wilson, and Billy Brick); (17) Communicate to learn, learn to communicate: a study of engineering students' communication strategies in a mobile-based learning environment (Li Cheng and Zhihong Lu); (18) Using a dialogue system based on dialogue maps for computer assisted second language learning (Sung-Kwon Choi, Oh-Woog Kwon, Young-Kil Kim, and Yunkeun Lee); (19) Students' attitudes and motivation towards technology in a Turkish language classroom (Pelekani Chryso); (20) Vlogging: a new channel for language learning and intercultural exchanges (Christelle Combe and Tatiana Codreanu); (21) Japanese university students' self-assessment and digital literacy test results (Travis Cote and Brett Milliner); (22) Digital story (re)telling using graded readers and smartphones (Kazumichi Enokida); (23) HR4EU--a web portal for e-learning of Croatian (Matea Filko, Daša Farkaš, and Diana Hriberski); (24) Synchronous tandem language learning in a MOOC context: a study on task design and learner performance (Marta Fondo Garcia and Christine Appel); (25) What students think and what they actually do in a mobile assisted language learning context: new insights for self-directed language learning in higher education (Gustavo Garcia Botero and Frederik Questier); (26) An Audio-Lexicon Spanish-Nahuatl: using technology to promote and disseminate a native Mexican language (Rafael García-Mencía, Aurelio López-López, and Angélica Muñoz Meléndez; (27) The use of interactive whiteboards: enhancing the nature of teaching young language learners (Christina Nicole Giannikas); (28) A pre-mobility eTandem project for incoming international students at the University of Padua (Lisa Griggio and Edit Rózsavölgyi); (29) Can a "shouting" digital game help learners develop oral fluency in a second language? (Jennica Grimshaw, Walcir Cardoso, and David Waddington); (30) Feedback visualization in a grammar-based e-learning system for German: a preliminary user evaluation with the COMPASS system (Karin Harbusch and Annette Hausdörfer); (31) The multimodality of lexical explanation sequences during videoconferenced pedagogical interaction (Benjamin Holt); (32) Automatic dialogue scoring for a second language learning system (Jin-Xia Huang, Kyung-Soon Lee, Oh-Woog Kwon, and Young-Kil Kim); (33) Effects of task-based videoconferencing on speaking performance and overall proficiency (Atsushi Iino, Yukiko Yabuta, and Yoichi Nakamura); (34) Tellecollaborative games for youngsters: impact on motivation (Kristi Jauregi); (35) The Exercise: an Exercise generator tool for the SOURCe project (Kryni Kakoyianni-Doa, Eleni Tziafa, and Athanasios Naskos); (36) Students' perceptions of online apprenticeship projects at a university (Hisayo Kikuchi); (37) The effects of multimodality through storytelling using various movie clips (SoHee Kim); (38) Collaboration through blogging: the development of writing and speaking skills in ESP courses (Angela Kleanthous and Walcir Cardoso); (39) Cultivating a community of learners in a distance learning postgraduate course for language professionals (Angelos Konstantinidis and Cecilia Goria); (40) Task-oriented spoken dialog system for second-language learning (Oh-Woog Kwon, Young-Kil Kim, and Yunkeun Lee); (41) Promoting multilingual communicative competence through multimodal academic learning situations (Anna Kyppö and Teija Natri); (42) Teacher professional learning: developing with the aid of technology (Marianna Kyprianou and Eleni Nikiforou); (43) Quizlet: what the students think--a qualitative data analysis (Bruce Lander); (44) "Just facebook me": a study on the integration of Facebook into a German language curriculum (Vera Leier and Una Cunningham); (45) A survey on Chinese students' online English language learning experience through synchronous web conferencing classrooms (Chenxi Li); (46) Identifying and activating receptive vocabulary by an online vocabulary survey and an online writing task (Ivy Chuhui Lin and Goh Kawai); (47) Exploring learners' perceptions of the use of digital letter games for language learning: the case of Magic Word (Mathieu Loiseau, Cristiana Cervini, Andrea Ceccherelli, Monica Masperi, Paola Salomoni, Marco Roccetti, Antonella Valva, and Francesca Bianco); (48) Game of Words: prototype of a digital game focusing on oral production (and comprehension) through asynchronous interaction (Mathieu Loiseau, Racha Hallal, Pauline Ballot, and Ada Gazidedja); (49) PETALL in action: latest developments and future directions of the EU-funded Pan-European Task Activities for Language Learning (António Lopes); (50) Exploring EFL learners' lexical application in AWE-based writing (Zhihong Lu and Zhenxiao Li); (51) Mobile-assisted language learning and language learner autonomy (Paul A. Lyddon); (52) YELL/TELL: online community platform for teacher professional development (Ivana Marenzi, Maria Bortoluzzi, and Rishita Kalyani); (53) Leveraging automatic speech recognition errors to detect challenging speech segments in TED talks (Maryam Sadat Mirzaei, Kourosh Meshgi, and Tatsuya Kawahara); (54) Investigating the affective learning in a 3D virtual learning environment: the case study of the Chatterdale mystery (Judith Molka-Danielsen, Stella Hadjistassou, and Gerhilde Messl-Egghart); (55) Are commercial "personal robots" ready for language learning? Focus on second language speech (Souheila Moussalli and Walcir Cardoso); (56) The Digichaint interactive game as a virtual learning environment for Irish (Neasa Ni Chiaráin and Ailbhe Ní Chasaide); (57) Mingling students' cognitive abilities and learning strategies to transform CALL (Efi Nisiforou and Antigoni Parmaxi); (58) Taking English outside of the classroom through social networking: reflections on a two-year project (Louise Ohashi); (59) Does the usage of an online EFL workbook conform to Benford's law? (Mikolaj Olszewski, Kacper Lodzikowski, Jan Zwolinski, Rasil Warnakulasooriya, and Adam Black); (60) Implications on pedagogy as a result of adopted CALL practices (James W. Pagel and Stephen G. Lambacher); (61) Exploring the benefits and disadvantages of introducing synchronous to asynchronous online technologies to facilitate flexibility in learning (Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous and Fernando Loizides); (62) A CALL for evolving teacher education through 3D microteaching (Giouli Pappa and Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous); (63) Physicality and language learning (Jaeuk Park, Paul Seedhouse, Rob Comber, and Jieun Kiaer); (64) Designing strategies for an efficient language MOOC (Maria Perifanou); (65) Worldwide state of language MOOCs (Maria Perifanou); (66) A Spanish-Finnish telecollaboration: extending intercultural competence via videoconferencing (Pasi Puranen and Ruby Vurdien); (67) Developing oral interaction skills with a digital information gap activity game (Avery Rueb, Walcir Cardoso, and Jennica Grimshaw); (68) Using WebQuests as idea banks for fostering autonomy in online language courses (Shirin Sadaghian and S. Susan Marandi); (69) Integrating mobile technologies into very young second language learners' curriculum (Gulnara Sadykova, Gulnara Gimaletdinova, Liliia Khalitova, and Albina Kayumova); (70) Investigating commercially available technology for language learners in higher education within the high functioning disability spectrum (Georgia Savvidou and Fernando Loizides); (71) Learning languages in 3D worlds with Machinima (Christel Schneider); (72) What are more effective in English classrooms: textbooks or podcasts? (Jaime Selwood, Joe Lauer, and Kazumichi Enokida); (73) Mind the gap: task design and technology in novice language teachers' practice (Tom F. H. Smits, Margret Oberhofer, and Jozef Colpaert); (74) Language immersion in the self-study mode e-course (Olga Sobolev); (75) Aligning out-of-class material with curriculum: tagging grammar in a mobile music application (Ross Sundberg and Walcir Cardoso); (76) Meeting the technology standards for language teachers (Cornelia Tschichold); (77) Mobile-assisted language learning community and culture in French-speaking Belgium: the teachers' perspective (Julie Van de Vyver); (78) Classification of Swedish learner essays by CEFR levels (Elena Volodina, Ildikó Pilán, and David Alfter); (79) Mobile assisted language learning and mnemonic mapping--the loci method revisited (Ikumi Waragai, Marco Raindl, Tatsuya Ohta, and Kosuke Miyasaka); (80) CALL and less commonly taught languages--still a way to go (Monica Ward); (81) Demystifying pronunciation with animation (Monica Ward); (82) The effects of utilizing corpus resources to correct collocation errors in L2 writing--Students' performance, corpus use and perceptions (Yi-ju Wu); (83) A social constructionist approach to teaching and learning vocabulary for Italian for academic purposes (Eftychia Xerou, Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous, and Antigoni Parmaxi); (84) Flip-J: development of the system for flipped jigsaw supported language learning (Masanori Yamada, Yoshiko Goda, Kojiro Hata, Hideya Matsukawa, and Seisuke Yasunami); and (85) "Check your Smile", prototype of a collaborative LSP website for technical vocabulary (Nadia Yassine-Diab, Charlotte Alazard-Guiu, Mathieu Loiseau, Laurent Sorin, and Charlotte Orliac). An author index is included. (Individual papers contain references.)
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- 2016
7. Annual Proceedings of Selected Research and Development Papers Presented at the Annual Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (39th, Las Vegas, Nevada, 2016). Volume 1
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Association for Educational Communications and Technology and Simonson, Michael
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For the thirty-ninth time, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Las Vegas, Nevada. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains 24 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Fifteen papers dealing with the practice of educational communications and technology are contained in Volume 2. The 24 papers included in Volume 1 are: (1) New Definition of Educational Technology (Jafar Ahmadigol); (2) Using Concept Mapping as Note Taking Strategies in Undergraduate Science Courses (Danilo M. Baylen, Erin Duckett, Runeshia Parker, and Elvira Arellano); (3) An eLearning Strategy for New Media Literacy Within a Participatory Culture (Berkay Bulus, J. Ana Donaldson, and Aytekin Isman); (4) Turning Passive Watching to Active Learning: Engaging Online Learners Through Interactive Video Assessment (Huei-Lien Chen); (5) Strengthening Learner Participation in Online Courses: The Role of Digital Content Curation (Ana-Paula Correia and Nadia Jaramillo); (6) Cognitive Load as an Inhibitor to Technology Adoption in P-12 Schools (Tara Dalinger, Scott Haselwood, Jose Fulgencio, Cates Schwark, Ying Xiu, and Tutaleni Asino); (7) Instructional Methods for Online Writing Courses: A Case Study (Ryan Eller, Karen Wisdom, and Bude Su); (8) Design Thinking: A New Construct for Educators (Kristin Elwood); (9) Survey of Teacher Educators on Professional Development Materials Used for Technology Integration Training (Hoyet H. Hemphill, Erkan Caliskan, and Leaunda S. Hemphill); (10) An Investigation of Secondary Pre-Service Music Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Teacher's Self-Efficacy Through Peer Mentoring: A Case Study of the Graduate School of Music Education in South Korea (Eunjin Kim and Byungro Lim); (11) Creative Teacher, Creative Teaching: Identifying Indicators and Inspiration for Professional Innovation in the Teaching Environment (Jody Lawrence); (12) Creativity in Education (Jody Lawrence); (13) VoiceThread: A Design Critique Model for Implementing Asynchronous Feedback into Online, Problem-Based Learning (Jody Lawrence and Stephanie Watson Zollinger); (14) Using Telepresence Robots to Provide Authentic Communicative Practices to Remote Foreign Language Learners (Jian Liao); (15) Perceptions of Technology Integration and Creative Curricula in Child Education (Ashley McArthur, Holly H. Ellis, and Byron Havard); (16) Technology Integration Matrix: Benefits to the Pre-Service Educator (Kelly McKenna, Catherine Otieno, and Lindsey Schulz); (17) The Influence of the Teaching Practicum on Pre-Service Teachers' Perceptions of Good Teaching (Eunkyung Moon, Eunhye Lee, Yonjin Lee, Hoilym Kwon, Wonsug Shin, and Innwoo Park); (18) A Creative Way to Build Confidence and Preparedness for Face-to-Face Interviews: An Online Interview Simulation (DeAnna L. Proctor and Lenora Jean Justice); (19) Designing the Class as a Game to Promote Active Learning in K-12 Education: A Literature Review (Seyedahmad Rahimi and Valerie J. Shute); (20) Designing Health Professions Education to Engender Critical Thinking: A Review of the Literature {Daniel A. Taylor); (21) Faculty Members' Best Practice Standards in the Design of Higher Education Online Courses (Berhane Teclehaimanot and Henry Marshall); (22) Video that Matters: Enhancing Student Engagement Through Interactive Video-Centric Program in Online Courses (Sirui Wang and Huei-Lien Chen); (23) Google Apps as Research Tools (Nicola Wills-Espinosa and Gabriela Jalil); and (24) How Web 2.0 Technologies Drive Learning Integration by Using Twitter in the Teaching Process (Kübra Sultan Yüzüncüyil and J. Ana Donaldson). (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 2, see ED579662.]
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- 2016
8. Exploration of the Factors That Support Learning: Web-Based Activity and Testing Systems in Community College Algebra [Conference Long Paper]
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Hauk, Shandy and Matlen, Bryan J.
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This is an extended conference proceedings report [Long Paper] based on a shorter contributed report at the same conference. A variety of computerized learning platforms exist. In mathematics, most include sets of problems to complete. Feedback to users ranges from a single word like "Correct!" to offers of hints and partially- to fully-worked examples. Behind-the-scenes design of such systems also varies--from static dictionaries of problems to responsive programming that adapts assignments to users' demonstrated skills within the computerized environment. This report presents background on digital learning contexts and early results of a mixed-methods study that included a cluster randomized controlled trial design. The study was in community college algebra classes where the intervention was a particular type of web-based activity and testing system. [This paper was published in: Weinberg, A., Rasmussen, C., Rabin, J., Wawro, M., and Brown, S. (Eds.), "Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education," p638-645. San Diego, CA (2017).]
- Published
- 2017
9. Using Metacognition to Promote Learning. IDEA Paper #63
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IDEA Center and Millis, Barbara J.
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Metacognition has increasingly been recognized as essential for learning. This paper defines metacognition, discusses its importance, and specifies how faculty can nurture it in students to promote positive learning outcomes. The paper then offers extensive examples based on two formats: (1) activities offered before, during, and after lessons or as ongoing assignments in an online course; and (2) quizzes and examinations (tests), whether multiple choice or essay, that can be analyzed for maximizing future performance.
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- 2016
10. Flip It or Click It: Equivalent Learning of Vocabulary from Paper, Laptop, and Smartphone Flashcards
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Sage, Kara, Piazzini, Michael, Downey, John Charles, IV, and Ewing, Sydney
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Students frequently utilize digital devices and applications to assist studying. Past research has yielded mixed results on their effectiveness, and scant research has compared portable technologies with each other or focused on smartphones specifically. We compared college students' learning of vocabulary on paper, laptop, and smartphone. Students were randomly assigned to one platform for reviewing vocabulary flashcards, and then they completed a memory quiz and answered questions regarding perceptions of these technologies. Results showed equivalency in students' learning across platforms, with the only exception being that students spent longer reviewing paper flashcards. Self-reported cognitive load and satisfaction were equal across platforms. Quantitative and qualitative data also suggested that, though students quickly label both laptops and smartphones as helpful for education, they see more educational value in laptops. This research suggests that smartphones present new ways of learning, but care must be taken with how smartphones are utilized in educational settings.
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- 2020
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11. Non-Cognitive Characteristics and Academic Achievement in Southeast Asian Countries Based on PISA 2009, 2012, and 2015. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 233
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France) and Lee, Jihyun
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Non-cognitive characteristics of students in four Southeast Asian countries -- Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Viet Nam -- were reviewed based on the PISA 2009, 2012, and 2015 data. Overall, students in this region demonstrated similarities with respect to their non-cognitive dispositions such as learning habits, approaches to learning, motivation for school subject matters and self-beliefs about their abilities. The non-cognitive characteristics that were most prevalent in the region included enjoyment and instrumental motivation to learn, which were evidenced by the indices of "intrinsicmotivation for mathematics" (INTMAT), "instrumental motivation for mathematics" (INSTMOT), "enjoyment in learning of science" (JOYSCIE), and "instrumental motivation in learning science" (INSTSCIE). However, these variables were not strong predictors of student achievement in this region. The review also revealed that the best non-cognitive predictors of student achievement were metacognitive awareness (METASUM and UNDREM) for reading achievement; self-efficacy, self-concept, and anxiety (MATHEFF, SCMAT, and ANXMAT) for mathematics achievement; and environmental awareness and epistemological beliefs (ENVAWARE and EPIST) for science achievement. These variables were also the best predictors, on average, across all PISA participants and economies. However, some region-specific non-cognitive predictors were also noted. These were "intrinsic motivation" (INTMAT) in Malaysia; "perseverance" (PERSEV) in Thailand; and "mathematics intentions" (MATINTFC)in Viet Nam. Overall, the similarities found in the non-cognitive characteristics among Southeast Asian students suggest that (a) regional collaboration in designing the educational strategies may be beneficial and that (b) an implementation of regional questionnaires in future PISA surveys may be useful to gain an in-depth understanding of achievement-related factors in this region.
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- 2020
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12. EFL Reading Test on Mobile versus on Paper: A Study from Metacognitive Strategy Use to Test-Media Impacts
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Zou, Xiao-Ling and Ou, Ling
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This paper started with the examination of the effect of mobile-based reading test on EFL test-takers of different attitudes from their perception of metacognitive strategy use and the knock-on impact on test results. Then other possible factors of such impact are explored and corresponding solutions are presented. Quantitative analysis of questionnaire and reading test data indicated that test-takers with low acceptance of mobile-based reading test might be adversely affected in their metacognitive strategy use of planning, monitoring, and evaluating, as well as their test results. Qualitative analysis of the relevant literature and the interview data, combined with the quantitative results, revealed that, besides the inferiority of metacognitive regulation on screen, the negative effects might also involve other complicated and intertwined factors, such as reading proficiency, psychology, attitudes, adaptability, habits, and personality, as well as text and question presentation form, which could, in turn, lead to poor performance in this new test form. Therefore, metacognitive training, psychological preparation, guided practice, elaborated feedback, constructive advice, personalized dynamic assessment, optimization of the text and question presentation form, and overcoming of screen inferiority are necessary for better assessment ecology so that test-takers could gain more benefit and convenience brought by this new assessment medium.
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- 2020
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13. Drawing-to-Learn: Does Meta-Analysis Show Differences between Technology-Based Drawing and Paper-and-Pencil Drawing?
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Cromley, Jennifer G., Du, Yang, and Dane, Aygul Parpucu
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Drawing-to-learn is a specific learning/reading strategy studied across many domains. In response to gaps in our knowledge about drawing-to-learn, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis of the literature published since the influential 2005 Van Meter and Garner literature review. We analyzed the benefits of directed learner-generated visual representations such as sketching, drawing, or computer-assisted creation of a full or partial static image. Forty-one peer-reviewed articles were screened in, together with 9 dissertations and 2 other documents; published from 2005 to 2018, these included 53 studies and 166 effects based on 8111 participants. The overall effect of drawing-to-learn across all dependent variable types (factual, inferential, and transfer) and both types of effects--comparing different types of drawing and comparing drawing to non-drawing conditions--was a significant g = 0.69. The overall effect was significant but differed across outcomes (g = 0.85 for factual, g = 0.44 for inferential, and g = 0.22 for transfer). Analyses across 6 moderators are presented. Not only does the literature continue to show that drawing-to-learn is better than the status quo, but directed drawing improves factual as well as inferential and transfer learning. Finally, researchers have found ways to improve drawing-to-learn instruction so that it can be even more effective than the simple directive to make a drawing.
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- 2020
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14. A Japanese Paper: Failing Is an Opportunity for Learning
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Tsuji, Takeshi
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The Australian Science Teachers Association offers an innovative international professional development program for science teachers called the Science Teachers Exchange -- Japan. The program offers Australian and Japanese teachers an opportunity to travel to the corresponding country, allowing the teachers to grow in their knowledge of the culture and teaching practices of that country and potentially develop national and international networks. The article herein was written by Takeshi Tsuji, an elementary teacher from Tokyo, who participated in the 2017 Exchange program to Australia. As part of this program, Tsuji visited Mudgeeraba Creek State School on the Gold Coast, where he observed a fifth grade STEM lesson taught by STEM science teacher Megan Hayes, and later taught a lesson to the same class. On entering Hayes' classroom, Tsuji immediately noticed a large poster with the word 'FAIL' on it; an acronym standing for 'First Attempt In Learning'. It translates to "failure = first step in learning," meaning that learning starts from failure. This [unedited] translation of the article -- taken from a Japanese equivalent to "Teaching Science" -- takes on the theme of how students face failure and how teachers can deepen classroom learning with this acronym in mind.
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- 2019
15. Automatic Speech Recognition System to Support Aural Vocabulary Learning
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Hirata, Saki, Yamada, Masanori, Ifenthaler, Dirk, Series Editor, Sampson, Demetrios G., Series Editor, Isaías, Pedro, Series Editor, Gibson, David C., Editorial Board Member, Huang, Ronghuai, Editorial Board Member, Kinshuk, Editorial Board Member, and Spector, J. Michael, Editorial Board Member
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- 2024
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16. Supporting Students’ Digital Literacy
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Landøy, Ane, Langseth, Henry, Løkse, Mariann Cecilie, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Kurbanoğlu, Serap, editor, Špiranec, Sonja, editor, Boustany, Joumana, editor, Ünal, Yurdagül, editor, Şencan, İpek, editor, Kos, Denis, editor, Grassian, Esther, editor, Mizrachi, Diane, editor, and Roy, Loriene, editor
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- 2024
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17. Annual Proceedings of Selected Research and Development Papers Presented at the National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (28th, Orlando, Florida, 2005). Volume 1
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Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Washington, DC., Simonson, Michael, and Crawford, Margaret
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For the twenty-eighth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the National AECT Convention in Orlando, Florida. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. (Individual papers contain references, figures, and tables.) [For Volume 2, see ED499963.]
- Published
- 2005
18. Winona State University Graduate Education Learning Community Rochester, Minnesota 2005-2006. Anthology of K-12 Action Research Papers. [Volume 1]
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Winona State Univ., MN. and Winona State Univ., MN.
- Abstract
These papers are partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Education at Winona State University in Winona, Minnesota. The cohort included a variety of licensure areas that represent most levels and content areas of K-12 education. The students were encouraged to keep their questions and hypothesis directed at specific issues in their teaching environment. The papers follow American Psychological Association (APA) format. Papers in this document include: (1) Increasing Students Visual Aesthetics through the Critical Analysis of Western Masterpiece Artworks (Colin Atkinson); (2) Will Ability Grouping the Seventh Grade Students in Math Positively Impact Their BST Scores When They Take The Test in Eighth Grade? (C. J. Boerger); (3) Will Assigning Math Bags in High School Mathematics Classes Increase the Amount of Time that Parents Spend Doing Math With Their Child? (Becky Breeser); (4) When Incorporating a Parental Contact Commitment Form Will Students Show a Decrease in Their Missing Assignments each Semester? (Amanda Bremer); and (5) Can Evidence be Provided to Support the Practice of Using Targeted Homework Activities to Improve Reading Performance? (Jeffery Cole). (Individual papers contain references.) [Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]
- Published
- 2005
19. Winona State University Graduate Education Learning Community, Rochester, Minnesota 2005-2006 Anthology of K-12 Action Research Papers. [Volume 6]
- Author
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Winona State Univ., MN., Sherman, Thomas F., Klees, Heather, Moertel, Cheryl, Weibel, John, Sherman, Thomas F., Klees, Heather, Moertel, Cheryl, Weibel, John, and Winona State Univ., MN.
- Abstract
These papers are partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Education at Winona State University in Winona, Minnesota. The cohort included a variety of licensure areas that represent most levels and content areas of K-12 education. The students were encouraged to keep their questions and hypothesis directed at specific issues in their teaching environment. The papers follow American Psychological Association (APA) format. Papers in this volume include: (1) Will the Implementation of Individualized Self-Paced Instruction via the Accelerated Math Software Program Improve Math Competency for Target math Students? (William Theisen); (2) Will the Ongoing Practice of Presidential Physical Fitness Skills Help Students to Improve Their Fitness Testing Scores throughout Eight Weeks? (Jacob Tietje); (3) Will Teaching Eighth Grade Reading through Fiction or Nonfiction Produce Greater Achievement on Diagnostic Testing? (Benjamin Volker); (4) Does Student Academic Achievement Increase when Parents Have Online Access to Grades? (Andrew Wieme); (5) Will Earlier Exposure to High-Frequency Words, Compared to Gradual Exposure, Increase Students' Mastery of These Words? (Kelly Yolch); and (6) Does Timed Practice versus Not Timed Practice Affect the Mastery of Multiplication Facts (Erika Youlden). (Individual papers contain references.) [Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]
- Published
- 2005
20. Winona State University Graduate Education Learning Community, Rochester, Minnesota 2005-2006. Anthology of K-12 Action Research Papers. [Volume 3]
- Author
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Winona State Univ., MN. and Winona State Univ., MN.
- Abstract
These papers are partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Education at Winona State University in Winona, Minnesota. The cohort included a variety of licensure areas that represent most levels and content areas of K-12 education. The students were encouraged to keep their questions and hypothesis directed at specific issues in their teaching environment. The papers follow American Psychological Association (APA) format. Papers in this volume include: (1) Teaching with a Logical-Mathematical Style Ensures Higher Science Test Scores in Physical Science Students (Emily Hagg); (2) The Effects of Differentiated Instruction Reading Comprehension Homework on Northwest Evaluation Association Reading Assessment Performance of Second Grade Students (Ryan Haraldson); (3) The Effect of the Accelerated Math Program on the Minnesota Basic Skills Test Scores of Ninth Graders (Margarret Hongerholt); (4) Children's Behavior Will Be Affected in a Positive Manner by Going from a Mixed Gender Classroom to a Same Gender Classroom (Michael Kesler); and (5) Does the Use of a Word of the Day to Teach High-Frequency Words Help Students Read and Write the Word More Successfully? (Saundra Lovelace). (Individual papers contain references.) [Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]
- Published
- 2005
21. Winona State University Graduate Education Learning Community, Rochester, Minnesota 2005-2006 Anthology of K-12 Action Research Papers. [Volume 5]
- Author
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Winona State Univ., MN., Sherman, Thomas F., Klees, Heather, Moertel, Cheryl, Weibel, John, Sherman, Thomas F., Klees, Heather, Moertel, Cheryl, Weibel, John, and Winona State Univ., MN.
- Abstract
These papers are partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Education at Winona State University in Winona, Minnesota. The cohort included a variety of licensure areas that represent most levels and content areas of K-12 education. The students were encouraged to keep their questions and hypothesis directed at specific issues in their teaching environment. The papers follow American Psychological Association (APA) format. Papers in this volume include: (1) Will Listening to Different Genres of Music in the Learning Environment Decrease the Levels of Stress for Students? (Chris Otterness); (2) Will Maintaining a Vocabulary List in Social Studies Improve Writing Levels of High School Seniors? (John Pittenger); (3) Will a Support Math Class for a Semester Help Low-Ability Eighth Grade Students Raise Their Scores on the Minnesota Basic Skills Test? (Nicole Pittenger); (4) Will Gradual Movement from Extrinsic to Intrinsic Reinforcers Decrease a Student's Dependence on Extrinsic Rewards? (Ryan Raabe); (5) Does the Use of Flash Cards Increase Comprehension and Retention of Vocabulary Terms for Middle School Science Students? (John Rud); and (6) Implementing Math Skills Games into the Classroom on a Daily Basis Will Improve Students' Performance on Computation Assessments in Math (Mindy Scheel). (Individual papers contain references.) [Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]
- Published
- 2005
22. Winona State University Graduate Education Learning Community, Rochester, Minnesota 2005-2006. Anthology of K-12 Action Research Papers. [Volume 2]
- Author
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Winona State Univ., MN. and Winona State Univ., MN.
- Abstract
These papers are partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Education at Winona State University in Winona, Minnesota. The cohort included a variety of licensure areas that represent most levels and content areas of K-12 education. The students were encouraged to keep their questions and hypothesis directed at specific issues in their teaching environment. The papers follow American Psychological Association (APA) format. Papers in this volume include: (1) Will the Use of Grade Trackers in the Orchestra Classroom Improve Sectional Attendance and Overall Grades? (Julianne Dahlin); (2) Will Listening to Classical Music Before and During Tests Help Students Improve Their Test Scores? (Craig Erickson); (3) Will Studying for Spelling Tests Increase Scores if Time is Spent in Class Studying in Entertaining Ways? (Jane Erickson); (4) Do Speedskins[TM] Increase Student Typing Speed and Accuracy? (Chris Fernholz); and (5) Repeated Oral Reading and the Effects on Reading Fluency of First Grade Students (Molly Fernholz). (Individual papers contain references.) [Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]
- Published
- 2005
23. Annual Proceedings of Selected Research and Development Papers Presented at the Annual Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (36th, Anaheim, California, 2013). Volume 1
- Author
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Association for Educational Communications and Technology and Simonson, Michael
- Abstract
For the thirty-sixth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Anaheim, California. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 2, see ED546878.]
- Published
- 2013
24. Building Bridges to Literacy. The Twenty-Seventh Yearbook: A Peer Reviewed Publication of the College Reading Association. [Papers from the College Reading Association Conference, 2004]
- Author
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College Reading Association, Linder, Patricia E., Sampson, Mary Beth, and Dugan, JoAnn R.
- Abstract
The theme of the College Reading Association 2004 annual conference in Delray Beach, Florida, was "Building Bridges: Reaching beyond Our Borders." The articles in this yearbook show how reflection and thinking outside the box will make a difference in preservice teacher education. This Yearbook begins with Wayne Linek's presidential address. In his address, Linek showed how mentoring can be two-way leading to growth and learning for both the mentee and the mentor. The papers comprising this Yearbook that follow Linek's presidential address are: (1) Writing from the Heart (Joyce Sweeney); (2) Learning about Learners: Struggling Readers in a Fourth Grade Literature Discussion Group (Susan B. Porter); (3) The Role of the Literacy Professional in the Middle and High School: Historical Perspectives and Current Policy Issues (Elizabeth G. Sturtevant); (4) Making a Difference in the Public and Policy-Making Arena (Francine Falk-Ross, Mary Beth Sampson, Barbara J. Fox, Allen Berger, Judy Embry, Jill Lewis, D. Ray Reutzel, Wayne M. Linek, and Jack Cassidy); (5) Using the Reflections of Preservice Teachers to Help Teacher Educators Improve Their Own Practice (Susan K. L'Allier); (6) Supporting Pre-Service Teachers' Professional Perceptions of Assessment and Diagnosis of Reading Difficulties in a Museum Professional Development School (Claudia J. McVicker); (7) A Preliminary Look at the Effect of a Change in a Pre-Service Literacy Curricula on the Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Literacy and Theoretical Orientation to Reading of Teacher Candidates (Lois K. Haid); (8) The Guided Literature Learning Strategy: The Process and an Analysis of Pre-Service Teachers' Reflections (Mary DeKonty Applegate and Anthony J. Applegate); (9) Book Microscopes: The Effects of Student Completion of Guided Tasks to Promote L2 Writing Expertise as an Outgrowth of L2 Reading (Mayra C. Daniel); (10) Nonlinear Nonfiction Writing and the I-Chart: Scaffolding for Success (Sylvia Read); (11) Reading for Character: Principles of Bibliotherapy Applied to Children's Literature (Karen L. Parker); (12) Alternatives to Sounding Out: The Influence of Explicit Cueing Strategies Instruction on Word Identification in Second Grade Students (Callie L. Fortenberry and Barbara J. Walker); (13) International Literature for U.S. Children and Young Adults: In Search of Difference (Patricia Bloem); (14) Study Skills in the Electronic Age (Joan A. Rhodes, Valerie J. Robnolt, and Judy S. Richardson); (15) "Grappling" with Culturally Relevant Instruction of Content Literacy: A Collaborative Model (Ruth Oswald, Lynn Smolen, Karen Herrington, Denise Stuart, and Susan Turner); and (16) Literacy Practicum Experiences in an Urban Setting: Building Bridges with the School, Home and Community (Joyce V. W. Warner, Nancy B. Masztal, and Ann C. Murphy). (Individual papers contain tables, figures, references, and appendices.) [For "Celebrating the Power of Literacy. The Twenty-Sixth Yearbook," see ED507687.]
- Published
- 2005
25. Innovative Research-Based Approaches to Learning and Teaching. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 79
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and van den Broek, Gesa Sonja Elsa
- Abstract
Building on an earlier 2008 summary prepared for OECD by Marlene Scardamalia and Carl Bereiter, this paper by Gesa S. E. van den Broek provides a more extensive discussion of approaches described as "research based innovation." "Fostering Communities of Learning" is a constructivist approach in which teachers help students discover important curricular concepts. "Learning by Design" is an inquiry-based science learning programme based on case-based reasoning models. "Central Conceptual Structures" (CCS) theory describes developmental changes in children's thinking and what is needed to progress through stages in specific cognitive domains. "Web-based Inquiry Science Environment" (WISE) is an internet-based adaptive learning environment building on the principles of knowledge integration. "Cognitive Tutors and ACT-R theory" are intelligent adaptive software programmes that provide students with scaffolded instruction and feedback. "Direct Instruction" aims to accelerate learning through clear scripted direct instruction by the teacher and scaffolded practice aimed at student involvement and error reduction. "Higher Order Thinking Skills" (HOTS) is for disadvantaged students especially to engage in Socratic dialogues about ideas and strategies to solve computer game-based problems. "Knowledge Building" is a constructivist teaching approach centred on building knowledge and creating knowledge communities. (Contains 1 figure and 5 boxes.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Reluctant Learners: Their Identities and Educational Experiences. Occasional Paper
- Author
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research and Wallace, Ruth
- Abstract
This study explores the relationship between regional people's identities, their experiences of learning, and engagement with learning. Fifteen adult learners describe those experiences of education and the significant impact of their learning identity on their engagement with learning in the long term. The study was based in a regional area of the Northern Territory and includes people from different age groups and backgrounds including Indigenous and non-Indigenous people, long-term residents and migrants from other places. The participants describe their learning identity as it relates to their identity as individuals and members of local, family and global communities. Drawing on interviews with students in regional and rural areas of the Northern Territory, this paper looks at their participation in education and training. The paper suggests that learning strategies which acknowledge rural learners' identities may be successful in engaging regional and remote learners in education and training. [This work has been produced by the author, who received an National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) New Researcher Award to present their research.]
- Published
- 2008
27. Teacher Preparation and Professional Development in Effective Learning Strategy Instruction. TQ Connection Issue Paper
- Author
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National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality and Schumaker, Jean B.
- Abstract
One way of helping students with learning disabilities and other struggling learners become independent life-long learners is to teach them how to use learning strategies in effective and efficient ways. Learning strategy instruction is instruction in how to learn and perform in academic environments such that positive outcomes result. Teachers must know how to teach students to use learning strategies so that students have the opportunity to succeed in today's schools and meet rigorous standards. The objectives of this issue paper are as follows: (1) Describe learning strategies and provide a brief review of some of the literature that demonstrates that learning strategy instruction can effectively transform ineffective learners into effective learners; (2) Explain the kinds of knowledge and skills teachers must acquire to be competent learning strategy instructors; and (3) Make recommendations related to teacher training programs that specifically address learning strategy instruction. Appended are: (1) Innovation Configuration for Learning Strategy Instruction; and (2) Additional Resources for Professors, Professional Developers, and Coaches. (Contains 46 resources.)
- Published
- 2009
28. Teacher Preparation to Deliver Inclusive Services to Students with Disabilities: TQ Connection Issue Paper
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National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality, Holdheide, Lynn R., and Reschly, Daniel J.
- Abstract
Teacher preparation to deliver inclusive services to students with disabilities is increasingly important because of changes in law and policy emphasizing student access to, and achievement in, the general education curriculum. Inclusion of students with disabilities in general education environments has a long history in special education law; however, recent developments have markedly enhanced the implementation of inclusive services as a means to improve the educational achievement and other outcomes of students with disabilities. This Issue Paper presents a brief review of the legal and policy foundations and best professional practices for inclusive services. It also provides a discussion of key components of inclusive services that should be incorporated in teacher preparation at the preservice and inservice levels. In addition, it offers an Inclusive Services Innovation Configuration, which can be used to evaluate general and special education teacher preparation and professional development programs. Appendix includes: Inclusive Services Innovation Configuration.
- Published
- 2008
29. Diverse by Design. Selected Papers from the 2009 Central States Conference
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Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CSCTFL), Gascoigne, Carolyn, and Bloom, Melanie
- Abstract
The 2008 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages focused on learning about the diverse backgrounds and needs of today's students. The 2009 Conference continued that focus and added diversity by instructors in using a variety of teaching methods, strategies, themes, technologies, and assessments. Presenters from all 17 states that make up the Central States Conference offered a diverse program, including "Best of…" sessions selected by their respective states. "All-Star" 2008 sessions chosen by the Central States Conference Board were invited to share their expertise again with 2009 conference attendees. There were workshops and sessions for language professionals at all levels and languages. This year's volume offers a varied set of articles representing some of the best practices and innovations in language teaching and learning. Topics range from technology to travel, and should offer something of interest to all members of the readership.
- Published
- 2009
30. Theories of Learning and Teaching: What Do They Mean for Educators? Working Paper
- Author
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National Education Association, Washington, DC., Wilson, Suzanne M., and Peterson, Penelope L.
- Abstract
This paper's charge is to lay out the central ideas about learning and teaching that run throughout contemporary educational discourse. It details nine concepts of learning, knowledge, and teaching that have formed the basis for recent education reform. Specifically, this report explores the nine concepts that emphasize "active construction of meaning," individual and collaborative work, use of student diversity as a resource for learning, and emphasis on both basic and advanced knowledge and skills. These learning goals make teaching more challenging, as teachers must assume increasingly varied roles, share responsibility with students, and work continually to improve their practice. Tools for instructional improvement are appended. (Contains 1 table.)
- Published
- 2006
31. Learning Principles and Assessments. DETC Occasional Paper Number 26
- Author
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Distance Education and Training Council, Washington, DC., Islam, Mofidul S., and Manjone, Joseph D.
- Abstract
Researchers define learning in many different ways, but all agree learning causes a permanent change in human behavior. The purpose of this DETC Occasional Paper is to illustrate how the principles of learning can facilitate the design of effective instruction. The authors first describe the principles of learning (contiguity, repetition, reinforcement, and social-cultural principles of learning) and types of learning and outcome assessment; then discuss outcome assessment through grading rubrics and provide examples of rubrics for use in evaluating writing and discussion board posting. (Contains 2 tables.)
- Published
- 2006
32. Effectiveness of Tutorials for Promoting Educational Integrity: A Synthesis Paper
- Author
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Stoesz, Brenda M. and Yudintseva, Anastassiya
- Abstract
The prevalence of plagiarism, cheating, and other acts of academic dishonesty may be as high as 80% in populations of high school and post-secondary students. Various educational interventions have been developed and implemented in an effort to educate students about academic integrity and to prevent academic misconduct. We reviewed the peer-reviewed research literature describing face-to-face workshops, e-learning tutorials, or blended approaches for promoting academic integrity and the effectiveness of these approaches. In general, the educational interventions were described as effective in terms of satisfaction with the intervention, and changes in students' attitudes and knowledge of academic integrity. Few studies provided evidence that the educational interventions changed student behaviour or outcomes outside the context of the intervention. Future research should explore how participation in educational interventions to promote academic integrity are linked to long-term student outcomes, such as graduate school admission, alumni career success, service to society, and personal stability.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Teaching 'The Federalist Papers' in Secondary Schools.
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Patrick, John J.
- Abstract
Although the collection of papers known as "The Federalist" (first published in 1788) has offered enduring wisdom to lawyers, judges, politicians, and scholars about principles and issues of constitutional government, this classic work has not occupied a prominent place in high school history and government courses. "The Federalist" deserves to occupy a prominent place and it should serve as an anchor for citizenship education. High school textbooks and curricula have treated "The Federalist" quite shabbily out of a belief that the document was too old, too removed from modern political realities, and too difficult to meet the interests and needs of modern students. Yet "The Federalist" can present teachers and students with insightful and provocative responses to the paradoxical problems of constitutional democracy--perennial problems that must be addressed by every generation of citizens. Three strategies for teaching and learning "The Federalist" are proposed and discussed: (1) document-based teaching and learning; (2) issues-based teaching and learning; and (3) course-wide infusion of core ideas. By challenging high school students to analyze and appraise ideas and issues in "The Federalist," secondary school teachers can contribute significantly to perpetuation of civic learning for ordered liberty in a civil society. (DB)
- Published
- 1990
34. The Influences of Social Capital on Lifelong Learning among Adults Who Did Not Finish High School. NCSALL Occasional Paper
- Author
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National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy and Strawn, Clare L.
- Abstract
This study of social capital employs data from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Learning (LSAL), funded by the National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy (NCSALL) and conducted at Portland State University to increase understanding of the learning process of adults with limited formal education. It provides longitudinal data on how people continue learning in multiple contexts--through formal adult education programs and in their daily lives. This paper is presented in two sections. The first is a theoretical exploration of the intersections of critical literacy, adult learning, and social capital theories. The intent of this discussion is to introduce key concepts from multiple disciplines and develop a synthetic model of social capital influences on lifelong learning (SCILL) in which adults construct their social environment and the discourses that influence their learning strategies. The second section empirically tests a piece of the SCILL Model related to the structural and discursive dimensions of social capital, using data from the first wave of the LSAL. Multiple measures of social capital are detailed. The author argues that in addition to the structural dimension of social capital, local discourse generated through interaction is an interpretive dimension of social capital. The discussion ties the empirical and theoretical elements, offering implications for the study of adult education participation in adult education for research on social capital. Appendices include: (1) Longitudinal Study of Adult Literacy Study Design; (2) Instrument Items from LSAL Wave 1; (3) Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Lifelong Learning; (4) Tables of Descriptive Statistics and Univariate Analyses of Indicators; (5) Items Parameters in Final Models; and (6) Model Calibration. (Contains 18 tables, 3 figures, and 6 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2003
35. Assessing Students and Yourself Using the One Minute Paper and Observing Students Working Cooperatively.
- Author
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Panitz, Theodore and Panitz, Patricia
- Abstract
This paper describes two approaches to the evaluation of student learning skills and learning styles: the "One Minute Paper" and classroom observation of students in cooperative learning groups. The One Minute Paper developed, by R. Weaver and H. Cottrell (1985), is a form completed by students at the end of class that asks students to indicate the most significant thing they learned that day and whether they have remaining questions. Completing this exercise encourages students to reflect and review, and it gives teachers immediate feedback on student understanding and problems. The One Minute Paper can be varied by asking students to work in pairs or groups and review each other's answers. Cooperative learning activities provide teachers with opportunities to observe students interacting. One way to approach classroom observation is to look for a hierarchy of abilities similar to Bloom's taxonomy. In this way, the stage of development and learning style of each student can be determined. By the time a test is taken, the instructor knows who will perform well and who will not. (SLD)
- Published
- 1999
36. Factors Influencing Faculty Motivation To Improve Teaching: Scenes from University Mathematics Departments. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.
- Author
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Matney, Malinda M., Hurtado, Sylvia, and Ziskin, Mary B.
- Abstract
This study is grounded in a reform calculus movement funded by grants from the National Science Foundation to find ways to improve student learning in mathematics, specifically in calculus. The study examines reasons why faculty accept or reject reform calculus teaching techniques, and what they consider to be the challenges and outcomes of these techniques. Interviews were conducted with four mathematics faculty at each of three Midwestern, Research 1 public institutions--a national research institution, a land grant university, and an urban university--who were involved in teaching or in the assessment of reform calculus, as well as with administrators, institutional researchers, and faculty development specialists. Interview questions covered such topics as whether students were ready for college calculus, students' classroom behaviors, new teaching strategies, what destinations lay ahead for calculus-trained students, how well students spoke the language of mathematics, changing faculty roles and practices, how involvement in reform had affected careers, and barriers to adopting new teaching techniques. The study found that faculty who were open to reform embraced the challenges and the payback realized by getting closer to students, noting, however, that these techniques required a greater investment in time. (Contains 23 references.) (CH)
- Published
- 1999
37. Commercial Note-Taking Services: Effects on Attendance and Performance. AIR 1998 Annual Forum Paper.
- Author
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Putten, Jim Vander and Coppola, Brian
- Abstract
This study investigated student use of commercial note-taking services as a predictor of class attendance and examined the effects of their use on academic performance in science courses. The study draws upon results of a survey distributed to 1,874 undergraduate students (response rate 58.2 percent) enrolled in two large-lecture chemistry courses during the fall 1995 term at a large midwestern research university, and examines the relative influence of two independent variables (student personal characteristics and student academic background) vis-a-vis commercial course note use on student academic performance. The initial section of the paper presents an extensive literature review of the social environments of learning, student academic behaviors, and commercial note-taking services. This is followed by sections discussing the conceptual framework of the study, the research questions to be answered, the methodology used, and study limitations and results. The study found little correlation between students' academic backgrounds and the likelihood of using commercial note-taking services; it also found no correlation between the use of note-taking services and poor class attendance; however, the study did show a negative effect of the use of commercial note-taking services on student academic performance. Data tables are appended. (Contains 23 references.) (CH)
- Published
- 1998
38. Language Teaching Methodology. ERIC Issue Paper.
- Author
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ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics, Washington, DC. and Rodgers, Theodore S.
- Abstract
This paper gives an overview of 10 directions language teachers might take in the future. After providing background on the history of language teaching, language teaching methodology is defined and a distinction is made between methodologies and approaches. Next, the 10 scenarios are briefly described. They include the following: teacher/learner collaborates; method synergistics; curriculum developmentalism; content-basics; multintelligencia; total functional response; strategopedia; lexical phraseology; o-zone whole language; and full-frontal communicativity. (VWL)
- Published
- 2001
39. Marrying Form and Function: A Place for Grammar and Total Target Language in the Secondary Modern Foreign Languages Classroom. Occasional Paper.
- Author
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Southampton Univ. (England). Centre for Language Education. and Hogg, Ivy
- Abstract
This paper examines the possible role of grammar throughout Key Stages 3 and 4 in the modern language curriculum where communication is the central tenet. It also discusses how total or virtually total use of target language (German) in the classroom can help deal with the dichotomy of grammar versus communication and bring about an integrated approach, marrying form and function. The paper asserts that grammar can be an integral part of the communicative approach, using total target language skills as the link. It highlights: what grammar means; grammar's role; planning for the inclusion of grammar in the modern languages curriculum; grammar's place in the communicative approach; grammar should always be second to meaning and in context; different learner needs; language chunks versus breakdown; the high or low value of language to the learner; modified language; focusing on form; target language versus mother tongue; the extent to which grammatical terminology should be used; when and how to give corrective feedback; rule discovery by the learner; grammar notes made by learners; learning styles and strategies; revisiting, refinement, and extension; a place for grammar in the four skill areas; a departmental approach; and the department's role. The paper concludes that grammar does have a place in the communicative approach. (Contains 12 references.) (SM)
- Published
- 1998
40. Edinburgh Working Papers in Applied Linguistics, 1996.
- Author
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Edinburgh Univ. (Scotland). Dept. of Linguistics., Parkinson, Brian, and Mitchell, Keith
- Abstract
This monograph contains papers on research work in progress at the Department of Applied Linguistics and Institute for Applied Language Studies at the University of Edinburgh (Scotland). Topics addressed include general English teaching, English for Academic Purposes teaching, Modern Language teaching, and teacher education. Papers are: "Cultural Semantics in a Second-Language Text" (Carol Chan); "The Concealing and Revealing of Meaning in the Cryptic Crossword Clue" (John Cleary); "Learners' Perceptions of Factors Affecting Their Language Learning" (Giulia Dawson, Elisabeth McCulloch and Stella Peyronel); "Japanese Learners in Speaking Classes" (Eileen Dwyer and Anne Heller-Murphy); "Manipulating Reality Through Metaphorizing Processes in Wartime Reporting" (Noriko Iwamoto);"Basing Discussion Classes on Learners' Questions: An Experiment in (Non-)Course Design" (Tony Lynch); "Participant Action Plans and the Evaluation of Teachers' Courses" (Ian McGrath); "Deixis and the Dynamics of the Relationship Between Text and Reader in the Poetry of Eugenio Montale" (Rossella Riccobono); and "Constructivism, Optimality, and Language Acquisition. The Shapes We Make in Each Other's Heads" (Chris Whincop). (Contains chapter references.) (NAV)
- Published
- 1996
41. Collaborative Learning for Change. NALL Working Paper.
- Author
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. New Approaches to Lifelong Learning., Mojab, Shahrzad, Wall, Naomi Binder, and McDonald, Susan
- Abstract
This guide is designed as a community-based resource for women who are interested in developing leadership skills in group facilitation, community building, and community action. It provides an integrated feminist anti-oppression learning framework that links social justice issues and the questions of race, gender, class, and all other forms of marginalization to the question of how women learn. The guide includes six workshops that emphasize the connections between learning and action that allow women to develop their consciousness of the actions required to bring about necessary change in their lives as women. Introductory materials discuss the research that lead to this guide and suggestions for conducting the workshops, including useful tools for building group processes. Each session outline consists of some or all of these components: check-in, debriefing, informational materials, warm-up exercise, exercises, and closure. Sessions are (1) women's experiences are the basis of learning; (2) facilitating group processes; (3) learning strategies (4) gender bias in the law; (5) funding; and (6) outreach and organizing. (YLB)
- Published
- 2002
42. Learning Is about Making Connections. The Cross Papers Number 3.
- Author
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League for Innovation in the Community Coll., Laguna Hills, CA., Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ., and Cross, K. Patricia
- Abstract
This paper discusses what is known about learning to date by emphasizing "connections" as necessary for learning. Knowledge about these connections can be placed into four categories: (1) neurological connections; (2) cognitive connections; (3) social connections; and (4) experiential connections. In terms of neurological connections, sensory input is crucial for newborns, but as long as the brain continues to be stimulated, our brains continue to make connections. Regarding cognitive connections, it has become apparent that people's minds think and understand things in terms of schemata. Therefore, it is easier to learn more complex concepts that fit into existing schemata than it is to learn something completely new. Deeper learning gets placed into schemata with time. Cognitive strategies can be broken down into cognitive learning and metacognitive strategies. These strategies are broken down and detailed in the document. Social connections refer to the interaction between the internal processes of the mind and how the mind grasps the external realities of knowledge. Making social connections between the various players at institutions of higher education may be an innovative strategy used in the near future. The last category is that of experiential connections, or making connections between experience and learning. Contains 28 references. (AMA)
- Published
- 1999
43. Working Papers in Educational Linguistics, Volume 14 Number 1.
- Author
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Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia. Graduate School of Education., Evans, Bruce, Bell, Nancy, Cahnnann, Melisa, McKinney, Michelle, Schwinge, Diana, and Wang, Shu-han
- Abstract
Four papers on linguistics include: "The Teacher-Research Relationship: Multiple Perspectives and Possibilities" (Teresa Pica), on the research relationships of researchers and language teachers; "Politeness in the Speech of Korean ESL Learners" (Nancy Bell), focusing on the speech acts of disagreeing, requesting, and making suggestions; "Openings and Closings in Telephone Conversations between Native Spanish Speakers" (Serafin M. Coronel-Molina), examining Hispanic cultural patterns of conduct for telephone use; and "A Study on the Learning and Teaching of Hanzi-Chinese Characters" (Shu-han C. Wang), a study of how hanzi was taught and learned at an American university, with attention to the relationship between teacher beliefs and practices and students' learning strategies. (MSE)
- Published
- 1998
44. Perspectives on Learning To Teach. Issue Paper 95-3.
- Author
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National Center for Research on Teacher Learning, East Lansing, MI., Feiman-Nemser, Sharon, and Remillard, Janine
- Abstract
This paper looks at issues subsumed by the phrase "learning to teach" that have implications for the design and conduct of teacher education. The first section lays out a temporal perspective by examining the times and places of learning to teach. The second section brings together disparate strands of research on the learners of teaching, looking at who prospective teachers are, orientations to learning, experience with diversity, and prospective teachers' beliefs about teaching and learning, subject matter, students, and preservice and beginning teachers. The third section examines different ways people have conceptualized the content of learning to teach, including domains of professional knowledge, the tasks of teaching, professional standards, and lessons for teacher educators. The fourth section discusses processes and opportunities in learning to teach. By presenting ideas about the when/where, who, what and how of learning to teach, the study hopes to raise teacher educators' consciousness about a neglected part of the conceptual and practical foundations of their work. (Contains 107 references.) (Author/ND)
- Published
- 1995
45. Reaction Paper on Remediation in the Community College Mathematics Curriculum.
- Author
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Robinson, Shawn
- Abstract
Remedial mathematics has taken several forms over the years--across the nation, within departments, and among mathematics instructors. There is a growing debate over the effectiveness of remedial courses in relationship to eventual student matriculation, which increases institution funding. The use of technology, real-life problems and projects, self-paced study, as well as early diagnoses are critical issues facing those involved in remediation at the community college. This paper focuses on technology, success rates of remediated students, and how to better prepare students for college-level mathematics courses. One key part of the effectiveness of technology in the classroom is student-teacher interaction. This human interaction must continue as the main form of formal instruction with technology acting as a conduit for this to take place efficiently. This report addresses the issue of finding better ways to get students coming out of developmental courses better prepared for college-level work. It states that the focus on rote memorization of formulas, algorithms, and rules is a hindrance to students at the developmental level as they impede progress towards higher-order thinking required in most college-level courses. The paper concludes with the statement that proper placement of students through the ministering of placement tests into appropriate courses, be they developmental or otherwise, is essential to student success. (VWC)
- Published
- 1995
46. The Final Report of the 'Learning Capacities in the Community and Workplace Project': Unionized Industrial Workplace Site (Ontario), Winter 1998. NALL Working Paper.
- Author
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Advocates for Community-Based Training and Education for Women, Toronto (Ontario). and Sawchuk, Peter H.
- Abstract
The Ontario Industrial Workers' research site offered a basic analysis of issues relevant to the Prior Learning Assessment and Recognition (PLAR) research and the labor education community. Project goals revolved around the need to examine development and applications of a new PLAR instrument, the Skills and Knowledge Profile (SKP), which is uniquely suited to examine the types of strategies, practices, and capacities that working class participants typically use. Primarily qualitative data from interviews were analyzed. SKP exhibited "situated" dimensions which, from a worker's standpoint, largely determined the perceived effectiveness of the instrument. Social organization of skills, knowledge, and learning processes were seen as a significant issue in the context of working class learning strategies, workers' practices, and progressive application of PLAR instruments such as SKP. In discussions of PLAR, SKP, and labor unions, notions of class consciousness were intertwined with informal learning relations. Intersection of class consciousness and development of critical views on the power relations among forms and conceptions of skill and knowledge led to the notion of a Workers' Knowledge Bank. In in-depth discussions, workers indicated the practical use/value was embedded within the process of administration itself and SKP provoked new understandings of one's own skills. (Appendixes include 94 references and interview schedules.) (YLB)
- Published
- 2001
47. Women, Violence and Informal Learning. NALL Working Paper.
- Author
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. New Approaches to Lifelong Learning., Mojab, Shahrzad, and McDonald, Susan
- Abstract
A comparative study of the impact of violence on immigrant women's learning was conducted among immigrant women of two communities in the Toronto area: the Spanish-speaking community and the Kurds. The two authors of the study each worked with one of the communities in which they had knowledge of the language. An in-depth, non-structured, conversational interview was used with 14 women of each group in order to document the life histories of these women as they experienced them. The Spanish-speaking women also participated in a workshop wherein they focused on learning about the law. All the women had been involved in violence, whether the mostly-domestic violence that the Spanish-speaking women had experienced or the political violence in which the Kurdish women or their husbands, sons, and brothers had participated. The study, reported separately for each group, found that the experience of violence places stress on the women that impedes their learning. The study also found that learning should be viewed as larger than just the learning of content--it includes learning to trust and act on their own behalf and take charge of their own learning. Some of the recommendations of the study included having peer-oriented learning groups to teach women about the legal system and the provision of legal materials in their native languages. (Contains 45 references.) (KC)
- Published
- 2001
48. Focus on Learning Rather than Teaching: Why and How? Papers from the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language (IATEFL) Conference (Krakow, Poland, May 14-16, 1998).
- Author
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Dublin Univ. Trinity Coll. (Ireland). Centre for Language and Communication Studies., Little, David, Dam, Leni, and Timmer, Jenny
- Abstract
The chapters in this edited volume cover a wide range of topics in theory, practice, and research and may be of interest to anyone concerned with the promotion of autonomy in language learning. There are 16 chapters divided into 5 parts. Part 1, "Setting the Agenda: Theory, Practice and Research," has 3 chapters: "Why Focus on Learning Rather than Teaching?" (David Little); "Why Focus on Learning Rather than Teaching? From Theory to Practice" (Leni Dam); and "Focus on Learning Rather than Teaching--With What Results?" (Lienhard Legenhausen). Part 2, "Some Examples of Practice," has 5 chapters: "Involving Learners in Their Own Learning--How to Get Started" (Tinne Seeman and Connie Tavares); "Learners' Favoured Activities in the Autonomous Classroom" (Hanne Thomsen); "Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Interdependent Classroom" (Russell Whitehead); "Interdependence Can Help Independence" (Marion Geddes); and "Changing Attitudes Towards Treatment of Mistakes" (Leslie Bobb Wolff). Part 3, "Investigating Learners and Learning," has 4 chapters: "Learning Language Processes: Finding the Key to Learning Effectiveness and Learner Autonomy?" (Jane Nolan); "Towards Learner Autonomy in University Classrooms: The Role of Learners' Goals" (Jennifer Ridley); "Do They Mean What They Say? Learners Representations of Needs and Objectives" (Felicity Kjisik and Joan Nordlund); and "Self-Direction in Language Learning: What Does It Mean To Become Aware?" (Maria de los Angeles Clemente) Part 4, "Teachers and Teacher Training," has 3 chapters: "The Importance of Using the Target Language in the Classroom" (Lucie Betakova); "Focus on Interaction and Dialogue" (Jette Lentz) and "Developing Autonomy in Pre-Service Teacher Training Programme: A Case Study." (Jose Luis Vera-Batista). Part 5, "The Curriculum," consists of 1 chapter: "A Workshop to Develop Learner Autonomy" (Maria Candelaria Torres Diaz). Illustrations, tables, charts, and figures appear throughout the chapters. Each chapter contains references. (KFT)
- Published
- 2000
49. Rupture or Continuity: The Arithmetico-Algebraic Thinking as an Alternative in a Modelling Process in a Paper and Pencil and Technology Environment
- Author
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Hitt, Fernando, Saboya, Mireille, and Zavala, Carlos Cortés
- Abstract
Part of the research community that has followed the Early Algebra paradigm is currently delimiting the differences between arithmetic thinking and algebraic thinking. This trend could prevent new research approaches to the problem of learning algebra, hiding the importance of considering an arithmetico-algebraic thinking, a new approach which underpins the construction of a cognitive structure that links both types of thinking. This paper proposes a theoretical and practical framework for a learning approach that supports the construction of a cognitive structure which fosters arithmetico-algebraic thinking at the beginning of secondary school by means of cultural and technological activities relating to polygonal numbers.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. An Evaluation of a Model of Domain Learning: Some Preliminary Data on the Effect of Students' Knowledge, Interest and Strategies in the Acclimation Stage of Learning. Occasional Paper Number 9.
- Author
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Technology Univ., Sydney (Australia)., Athanasou, James A., and Langan, Dianne
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of interest, knowledge, and learning strategies on recall within a specific subject domain at an early stage of learning. Students (n=17) at two levels in a postgraduate music therapy course were assessed for their levels of prior knowledge, interest, and the number of strategies they used to process information. They were presented with a video clip of a music therapy session and asked to recall as much as they could of what transpired. The following week they were asked again to complete further questionnaires and to recall whatever they could from the video. Recalls at times 1 and 2 were correlated 0.078. Knowledge correlated 0.206 with recall 1, whereas interest correlated -0.004 and the number of strategies correlated -0.371. On the second occasion, knowledge, interest, and strategies correlated 0.059, 0.419, and 0.364 respectively with the amount of recall. Results fail to support the knowledge component in a model of domain learning in music therapy but support the minor influence of individual interest and strategies together with a social disposition that correlated 0.324 with recall at time 2. (Contains 7 tables and 13 references.) (Author/SLD)
- Published
- 1999
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