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2. A Holistic Measure of Contextual and Individual Linguistic Diversity
- Author
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Wigdorowitz, Mandy, Pérez, Ana I., and Tsimpli, Ianthi M.
- Abstract
The sociolinguistic context of language use contributes to individuals' linguistic knowledge. However, how it does so has yet to be fully conceptualised or quantitatively investigated within the language sciences. To meet this goal, a psychometrically sound evidence-based measure that captures important aspects of contextually influenced linguistic experience is necessary. In this paper we describe the development and validation of the Contextual and Individual Linguistic Diversity Questionnaire (CILD-Q). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted with data from 353 participants (62.9% South African, 37.1% UK, Mage = 29.3, SD = 10.09). A three-factor solution best describes the structure of the CILD-Q: Multilingualism in Context (contextual use and societal practice of multiple languages within a community), Multilingualism in Practice (direct and indirect linguistic exchanges and conversational interaction), Linguistic Diversity Promotion (societal and governmental endorsement of linguistic variation). Item scores corresponding to these three factors showed sufficient reliability ([alpha]'s > 0.80). The CILD-Q provides a novel and holistic manner to measure sociolinguistic diversity and can be used when measuring individuals' language experience within and across populations from differing sociolinguistic contexts.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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3. The Relationship between Harmful Alcohol Use and Antiretroviral Non-Adherence in People Accessing HIV Treatment in Cape Town, South Africa: An Event-Level Analysis
- Author
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Rose, Alexandra L., Belus, Jennifer M., Ma, Tianzhou, Lee, Jasper S., Wan, Christine, De Los Reyes, Andres, Joska, John A., Andersen, Lena S., Myers, Bronwyn, and Magidson, Jessica F.
- Abstract
Harmful alcohol consumption can significantly compromise adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Prior research has identified aggregate relationships between alcohol use and ART non-adherence, largely relying on concurrent assessment of these domains. There is relatively limited evidence on more nuanced day-level associations between alcohol use and ART non-adherence, despite potentially important clinical implications. We recruited adults with HIV treatment adherence challenges and harmful alcohol use (n=53) and examined relationships between alcohol use and "same" and "next day" ART adherence, accounting for the role of weekends/holidays and participant demographics, including gender. Results demonstrated that weekends/holidays were significantly associated with worse same day ART adherence. Next day adherence was significantly worse in the context of weekend alcohol use and among men. These results suggest the importance of tailoring intervention strategies to support ART adherence during weekend drinking and for men engaged in heavy episodic drinking. [This paper was published in "AIDS and Behavior" v26 n6 p2055-2066 2022.]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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4. Commission for International Adult Education (CIAE) of the American Association for Adult and Continuing Education (AAACE). Proceedings of the 2018 International Pre-Conference (67th, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, September 30-October 2, 2018)
- Author
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American Association for Adult and Continuing Education (AAACE), Commission for International Adult Education (CIAE) and Avoseh, Mejai B. M.
- Abstract
These "Proceedings" derived from the Commission for International Adult Education's (CIAE) 2018 International Pre-Conference. They contain 23 papers from 32 authors. Eight of the lead authors are graduate students -- four are rounding up their Master's degrees while four are on their doctoral programs. The rest are a mix of seasoned and mid-career adult education scholars and practitioners. Each year delegates travel from all over the world to share ideas, engage in scholarship, and inspire one another to continue to make meaningful change in the world. One of the greatest strengths of the CIAE conferences is the broad level of involvement from so many different areas of practice and study within the Adult Education field, and having such a large group of scholars and practitioners from around the globe each year is a significant part of what makes them who they are.
- Published
- 2018
5. Deaf Adults' Emic Views on Deaf Education in South Africa: Looking Back To Improve the Future.
- Author
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Storbeck, Claudine
- Abstract
In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 deaf adults (ages 17 to 56) who had been educated in South Africa, to determine their impressions about the education system there. Ten of those interviewed had moved to the U.S. while the remaining 13 were still living in South Africa . The interviews were administered in sign language, with video recordings made of all interviews. Qualitative analysis of the interviews indicated that the subjects were generally unhappy with their education, expressing both feelings of resentment and anger as well as helplessness and hopelessness. Results suggest the need to change present requirements for teachers of the deaf in South Africa so that such teachers all have specialized training which is not now required. The importance of such training, including sign language, is stressed. (Contains 19 references.) (DB)
- Published
- 1997
6. Drinking, Smoking, and Morality: Do 'Drinkers and Smokers' Constitute a Stigmatised Stereotype or a Real TB Risk Factor in the Time of HIV/AIDS?
- Author
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Moller, Valerie, Erstad, Ida, and Zani, Dalinyebo
- Abstract
This paper follows up an unexpected finding from a community survey that identified drinking and smoking as the most important tuberculosis (TB) risk factor, far ahead of ones commonly associated with TB such as poverty, overcrowded living conditions, and HIV-positive status. It reports perceptions of drinking and smoking from a three-phased study of the stigma associated with TB, consisting of a qualitative pilot study using focus-group discussions (2006), a larger-scale community survey (2007), and follow-up group discussions (2009). The community attitude survey was conducted with a sample of 1,020 adults living in a low-income township in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The study found that the moral and the biomedical understanding of TB risk are intertwined. In the community survey, perceptions of drinking and smoking as TB risk were predicted by fear of contracting TB and being a self-reported born-again Christian. In the follow-up study, heavy drinking and smoking in shebeens (unlicensed township liquor outlets) was associated with a risky lifestyle that can spread both TB and HIV. The paper discusses the similarities and differences in the roles of church and shebeen in providing social support to township dwellers to cope with problems of daily life. It is tentatively concluded that the stereotypical shebeen "drinkers and smokers", alternatively pitied and maligned by moral society, might serve as the scapegoat that deflects pollution from the "new" TB linked to the AIDS epidemic.
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- 2010
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7. A Discourse of Disconnect: Young People from the Eastern Cape Talk about the Failure of Adult Communications to Provide Habitable Sexual Subject Positions
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Jearey-Graham, Nicola and Macleod, Catriona
- Abstract
Face-to-face adult communication with young people about sexuality is, for the most part, assigned to two main groups of people: educators tasked with teaching school-based sexuality education that is provided as part of the compulsory Life Orientation (LO) learning area, and parents. In this paper, we report on a study conducted with Further Education and Training College students in an Eastern Cape town. Using a discursive psychology lens, we analysed data from, first, a written question on what participants remember being taught about sexuality in LO classes and, second, focus group discussions held with mixed and same-sex groups. Discussions were structured around the sexualities of high school learners and the LO sexuality education that participants received at high school. We highlight participants' common deployment of a "discourse of disconnect" in their talk. In this discourse, the messages of "risk" and "responsibility" contained in adult face-to-face communications, by both parents and LO teachers, are depicted as being delivered through inadequate or non-relational styles of communication, and as largely irrelevant to participants' lives. Neither of these sources of communication was seen as understanding the realities of youth sexualities or as creating habitable or performable sexual subject positions. The dominance of this "discourse of disconnect" has implications for how sexuality education and parent communication interventions are conducted.
- Published
- 2015
8. Metanarratives of visual impairment rehabilitation: the discursive positioning of disabled service users in South Africa.
- Author
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Botha, Michelle and Watermeyer, Brian
- Subjects
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REHABILITATION of blind people , *BLINDNESS , *NONPROFIT organizations , *SELF-perception , *RESEARCH funding , *DISCOURSE analysis , *COMMUNICATION , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *WORLD Wide Web , *ADULTS ,MEDICAL care for people with disabilities - Abstract
This paper presents findings from a study on blindness discourses found in South African non-profit organisations that provide rehabilitation services to visually impaired adults. The paper investigates what the public relations materials of these organisations communicate about blindness. It also considers the ideological assumptions that blindness discourses reinforce and embed in rehabilitation practice. The primary focus is a discourse analytic review conducted on a sample of organisation public facing material. The findings comprise three clusters of assumptions, with concomitant enactments in practice. These are i) third-person alliances around the blind subject and a resulting objectification of service users ii) 'journey discourse' which prohibits the expression of complex disability experiences and iii) polarised blindness fantasies which promote othering and prescribe acceptable ways of being for blind subjects. This paper questions what might be imparted to blind persons at a symbolic level through rehabilitative practices. This article explores the ways that blindness and blind persons are represented on the websites of organisations that provide visual impairment rehabilitation services in South Africa. These representations affect the way that society views visually impaired people, and the way that visually impaired people feel about themselves. Organisation websites describe visually impaired people in ways that make it seem as though they play little active role in the rehabilitation process. The idea that rehabilitation is a journey from dependence and depression to independence and self-acceptance might make it difficult for rehabilitation service users to express ongoing feelings of grief and loss. There is a need for more focus on interdependence in rehabilitation services. Rehabilitation organisations must think carefully about what their public relations materials communicate to society about blindness and blind persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. Courting emissions: climate adjudication and South Africa's youth.
- Author
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Nkrumah, Bright
- Subjects
ENERGY consumption ,POLITICAL participation ,SUSTAINABLE consumption ,ENVIRONMENTAL justice ,ADULTS ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
Background: The urgency to pursue sustainable consumption or use energy in a manner that does not negatively impact the environment has become an important theme in recent times. As a major fluctuation in the atmosphere, climate change will be one of the major challenges faced by youth. As a result, there have been a growing number of young South Africans advocating for environmental justice. Surprisingly, their effort has not yielded the expected result as the country continues to emit a high amount of greenhouse gases. The notion of youth may be construed as those between the ages of 15 and 24. The age bracket suggests that the adult lives of this population will be shaped by environmental crises such as famines, vector-borne diseases, and hikes in commodity prices which may impinge on their basic rights to life, health, and property. This development triggers an ancient discourse, what role can youth play towards decarbonization? In other words, which effective avenue could be used by young people for capping emissions? Methods: An analysis of South Africa's energy policy documents relevant to sustainability was conducted through the application of desktop research. We use (inter)national instruments and jurisprudence to understand how a state structure, like the judiciary, could nudge the executive to cap rising green gas emissions. South Africa is used as a case study because of its over-reliance on coal for electricity, and how young people could use the existing legal framework to cap rising emissions. Drawing from existing literature, the paper interrogates the lack of activism around climate litigation and under what conditions this pattern could be reversed in South Africa. Results: The paper found that while litigation has an important role to play in mitigating climate change, it ought to be complemented with other forms of advocacy. Conclusions: The study concludes that given the government's perceived slow steps towards shifting from coal to renewables, youth (who will bear the brunt of high emissions) ought to use both courtrooms and advocacy to trigger political action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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10. Experimental Research in TV Instruction. Proceedings of an International Conference (4th, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, September 28-30, 1981). Volume 4.
- Author
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Baggaley, Jon and Janega, Patti
- Abstract
An introduction by Jon Baggaley provides background information on this international conference and its participants, and introduces 10 papers which were presented. The papers are as follows: (1) "Teaching Production Research and Design: The Interface of Theory and Practice" (James M. Linton); (2) "The Impact of Television on Adolescents in South Africa" (D. P. van Vuuren); (3) "Why Teenagers Watch Television: Implications for ETV Production" (Gary M. Gould, Michael J. Holosko, and Jon P. Baggaley); (4) "The TV Ontario Academy: The Use of Television Broadcasting and Computer-Managed Learning for Adults" (Ignacy Waniewicz and Robert Tilroe); (5) "Evaluation of Television Formats and Viewing Behaviour" (Barry S. Green and James Matsui); (6) "Predicting Performer Effectiveness: Methodologies for TV Presenter Selection" (Gary Coldevin and Robert Bernard); (7) "Biometric Communication Research for Television" (M. S. Malik); (8) "Second Generation Electronic Testing Technology Applied to Television Evaluation" (Rand Nickerson); (9) "Formative Research in Rural Education" (Kirk Smith and Jon P. Baggaley); and (10) "Visual Biases in Television Campaign Coverage" (Hans Kepplinger and Wolfgang Donsbach). References are included for most of the papers and a list of conference participants is appended. (JB)
- Published
- 1981
11. Examining the understandings of young adult South African men who stutter: The question of disability.
- Author
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Isaacs, Dane and Swartz, Leslie
- Subjects
STUTTERING ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH funding ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,THEMATIC analysis ,ATTITUDES toward disabilities ,ADULTS - Abstract
Background: A disability studies approach seeks to understand and address political and social issues that affect disabled individuals. Disability studies scholars employ various models of disability to address and oppose the oppression and discrimination of disabled individuals. A disability studies approach, however, has largely been absent in studies that have investigated the lived experiences of people who stutter. Aim: To examine the understandings young adult South African men who stutter hold of whether, and in what way, stuttering may be considered to be a disability. Methods & Procedures: A total of 15 men who stutter, aged 20–39 years, participated in the study. Semi‐structured interviews and two focus groups discussions were conducted to collect data for the study. The data were analysed according to a phenomenological approach and the affective turn in social research. Outcomes & Results: The results indicated that some men in this study understood stuttering as a speech disorder that can be controlled, while other men constructed stuttering as a disability, subjectively positioning themselves either as disabled or non‐disabled men. Conclusions & Implications: This article emphasizes the importance of adopting a disability studies approach when examining the lived experiences of people who stutter and enhancing intervention strategies to adequately address the disabled needs of such individuals. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject?: The past few decades have seen researchers investigating the personal and social experiences of people who stutter. However, empirical studies exploring the disabling experiences of people who stutter have been absent from the existing body of knowledge. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: This research aimed to provide comprehensive insight into the disabling experiences of people who stutter. The results gave an insight into the oppression and disablism experienced by people who stutter. More specifically, the findings demonstrated how individuals who stutter are disabled by oppressive communication practices that dominate spaces of education and employment. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: Several men in this study attended speech therapy to gain control over their stuttering. For a number of participants, speech therapy proved a valuable experience, while others saw speech therapy as being out of touch with their lived reality of stuttering. Speech and language therapists are encouraged to employ a disability studies approach in order to enhance intervention strategies to adequately address the disabling needs of people who stutter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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12. Getting into a Flap! /t/ in New Zealand English.
- Author
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Bauer, Laurie and Holmes, Janet
- Abstract
Examines the constraints on the realization of "/t/" in New Zealander English. On the basis of an examination of the speech of two similar speakers from that country, a series of allophonic rules is provided. The article shows that the distribution of allophones for these speakers is not the same as for other speakers who have been previously analyzed. (35 references) (Author/CK)
- Published
- 1996
13. The Response of Counsellors to Apartheid: An Indigenous Counselor Enters the Fray.
- Author
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Bodibe, R. Cecil
- Abstract
An African counselor relates personal opinions about counseling and Apartheid. Asserts student counselors in South Africa are grappling with the process of extricating themselves from the "old order." As they do so, it is imperative to hear the voice of those who have borne the main brunt of oppression. (KW)
- Published
- 1996
14. 'Occupation', labour markets and qualification futures.
- Author
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Gamble, Jeanne
- Subjects
VOCATIONAL education ,LABOR market ,JOB qualifications ,LEARNING ,PERFORMANCE ,ADULTS - Abstract
Whether there is or should be a relation between 'occupation' and 'qualification' is a contested issue in vocational education and training (VET). The privileged shelter of structured occupational labour markets stands pitted against the near impossibility of access by those at the margins of employment opportunities. This paper investigates the relation between occupation and qualification, conceptually and empirically. The key finding is that the relation manifests in labour-market specific ways in relation to two types of occupational qualification. One qualification type references 'whole' occupations and the other dilutes occupation into an ideology of occupationalism, while drawing on the discursive resources of 'occupation' to mask the segmentalist logic of 'unitised' or part-qualifications. For those desperately seeking to become employable, 'occupation' may well have greater appeal than 'competence' as labour market currency but it is the nature of the qualification to which 'occupation' is linked that ultimately determines its labour market efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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15. Domestic Violence, Childhood Experiences, and Socialisation among Adults in South Africa: A Collective Case Study Analysis.
- Author
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Alho, Chantelle
- Subjects
DOMESTIC violence ,SOCIALIZATION ,SOCIAL services ,VICTIMS of domestic violence ,ADULTS ,STAY-at-home orders - Abstract
Over the past two years, we have seen the COVID-19 pandemic impact all spheres of our lives – i.e., social, political, economic, and educational. While governments worldwide have been grappling with the primary objective of slowing the infection rates by imposing lockdowns and curfews to reduce the spread of the virus, we have seen an alarming increase in reports of domestic violence. The social environment perpetuated by the lockdown and curfew restrictions has resulted in an ideal setting for the perpetrators of domestic violence to isolate their victims, restrict movement, and limit access to critical social services that could render the support needed. While many social programmes have been forthcoming to address this social ill, the lasting effects of domestic violence cannot be ignored. In this paper, I seek to explore the childhood experiences of adults who have lived in domestically violent homes to determine the effects of domestic violence on them as children and how these effects have affected their socialisation both in childhood and adulthood. To do this, I draw on a collective case study approach comprising interviews of eight participants (n=8). By constructing narratives of each participant and thematically analysing the data, I articulate seven core findings that must be considered for any meaningful intervention to domestic violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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16. Male Peer Talk About Menstruation: Discursively Bolstering Hegemonic Masculinities Among Young Men in South Africa.
- Author
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Macleod, Catriona Ida, Glover, Jonathan Malcolm, Makuse, Manase, Kelland, Lindsay, and Paphitis, Sharli Anne
- Subjects
AFFINITY groups ,MASCULINITY ,PSYCHOLOGY of men ,MENSTRUATION ,ATTITUDES toward sex ,GENDER identity ,DISCOURSE analysis ,PROMPTS (Psychology) ,ADULTS - Abstract
In this paper, we show how male peer talk about menstruating women may be used to discursively bolster hegemonic masculinities and denigrate women. Focus group discussions among 37 young isiXhosa-speaking men from two South African schools were facilitated by two young men; statements garnered from a sexuality education class about menstruation conducted in the same schools were used as cues. Data were analyzed using discourse analysis. The interactive talk constructed a bifurcation: "disgusting" menstruating women versus "reasonable" non-menstruating women who abide by idealized feminine behavior and are available sexually. We argue that as the non-menstruating woman cyclically become the other (menstruating woman) in women of particular ages, the trace of disgust inhabits the signifier "woman" for these men. Menstruation also disrupted a core identity strategy of local hegemonic masculinities: virile (hetero)sexuality. Given this, discursive distancing of the self from the very topic of menstruation is necessary. Small moments of resistance to these constructions were quickly closed down, and caring masculinity emerged only in the context of negotiating sex during menstruation. Involving men in menstrual hygiene management programs may provide spaces for resistance to denigrating discourses about menstruation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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17. ‘A difficult conversation’: community stakeholders’ and key informants’ perceptions of the barriers to talking about sex and HIV with adolescents and young people in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
- Author
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Knight, Lucia, Humphries, Hilton, Van der Pol, Natasha, Ncgobo, Nkosinathi, Essack, Zaynab, Rochat, Tamsen, and van Rooyen, Heidi
- Subjects
- *
YOUNG adults , *INTERGENERATIONAL communication , *ADULTS , *REPRODUCTIVE health , *CONVERSATION - Abstract
Adolescence and young adulthood are important periods of transition and therefore for action and intervention to ensure future sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Caregiver-adolescent communication about sex and sexuality is a protective factor for SRH, but there are often barriers to this. Adults’ perspectives are limited within the literature but important as they should lead this process. This paper uses exploratory qualitative data from indepth interviews with 40 purposively sampled community stakeholders and key informants to explore their insights into the perceived, experienced or expected challenges adults’ experience when having these conversations within a high HIV prevalence, South African context. Findings suggest that respondents recognised the value of communication and were generally willing to try it. However, they identified barriers such as fear, discomfort and limited knowledge and perceived capacity to do so. They show that in high prevalence contexts adults grapple with their own personal risks, behaviours and fears that may affect their ability to have these conversations. This demonstrates the need to equip caregivers with the confidence and ability to communicate about sex and HIV, alongside managing their own complex risks and situations to overcome barriers. It is also necessary to shift the negative framing of adolescents and sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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18. Exploring childhood experiences and family contexts as risk factors for drug use in the lives of young drug users in the Western Cape, South Africa.
- Author
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Rich, Edna Grace, Londt, Marcel, and Holtman, Lorna
- Subjects
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SUBSTANCE abuse risk factors , *ADVERSE childhood experiences , *PSYCHOLOGY of drug abusers , *CHILD abuse , *FAMILIES , *INTERVIEWING , *FAMILY conflict , *RISK assessment , *QUALITATIVE research , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *JUDGMENT sampling , *THEMATIC analysis , *FAMILY relations , *PARENT-child relationships , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *ADULTS , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
The use of drugs amongst adolescents and youth has become a global phenomenon and South Africa is no exception. This paper aims to explore the familial contexts and childhood experiences leading up to the drug-taking pathways of young drug users. A qualitative approach was utilized to gather demographic from a purposive sample of 41 young (14–19 years) drug users, at five drug treatment centres in the Western Cape of South Africa. Additionally, participants could agree to participate in an in-depth interview or to provide a written life history account. A thematic data analysis was applied, and the results uncovered a range of family-related risk factors such as family structure (single motherhood and absent fatherhood), and other negative family functioning and practices such as troubled parent-child relationships, poor family communication/interactions, parental/family substance abuse, and conflict-ridden, stressful and often violent and abusive family situations. The findings suggest that prevention initiatives should focus on strengthening family functioning by reducing high conflict, stress, violent and abusive family situations, as well as aim to enhance the caregiver-child relationship. Prevention strategies should encourage live-in and non-live-in fathers to be actively involved in the lives of their children and should aim to reduce parental/caregiver substance abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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19. "We Should Be Taught Self-Respect, Self-Confidence and Self-Love": Youth Perspectives of Adult Influences on Their Sexuality and Relationships Among South African Adolescents Living With HIV.
- Author
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Bergam, Scarlett, Kuo, Caroline, Atujuna, Millicent, Pellowski, Jennifer A., Mtukushe, Bulelwa, Ndevu-Qwabe, Nontembeko, Matiwane, Mluleki, Rencken, Camerin A., Belsky, Mikaela, Hoare, Jacqueline, Bekker, Linda-Gail, and Harrison, Abigail D.
- Subjects
HIV-positive teenagers ,NARCISSISM ,SOUTH Africans ,INTERGENERATIONAL communication ,ADULTS ,SELF-esteem - Abstract
Introduction: Of the 1.75 million adolescents aged 10-19 years living with HIV globally, 84% reside in sub-Saharan Africa. This problem is most acute in South Africa, where there are 720,000 adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). ALHIV navigate the same challenges as other adolescents--such as puberty and first relationships--as well as challenges specific to their HIV-status--including stigma, disclosure, and concerns about HIV transmission. This dual burden calls for tailored sexual and reproductive health (SRH) programs. Here, we qualitatively explore the reflections of South African ALHIV on SRH education, communication, and discussion provided by adults in schools, clinics, and the home related to their unique SRH needs. Methods: This paper reports on qualitative data from a mixed-methods study to inform interventions that meet the SRH needs of ALHIV. In-depth interviews (N = 20) were conducted with ALHIV recruited from two clinics in Cape Town, South Africa. Nine males and 11 females aged 16-19 participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews to discuss their sexual health as ALHIV. The interview guide explored 1) perceived SRH needs; 2) healthy living with HIV; 3) future goals; 4) intimate relationships; 5) psychosocial challenges; and 6) preferred interventions. Data were thematically applied to an iteratively-developed codebook and analyzed by the cross-cultural research team using NVivo 12. Results: These qualitative data reveal the pressing needs among ALHIV for open communication and accurate information about sexuality and HIV, given the risk to themselves and their partners as they enter intimate relationships. Three themes emerged from the data: 1) Intergenerational pressures coming from caregivers, clinicians, and teachers often stigmatize the sexual heath behaviors of ALHIV; 2) When present, open intergenerational communication can provide ALHIV with crucial information, resources, and social support that supports healthy decisions, and 3) ALHIV offer specific ideas about how adults can support their decision-making in the transition to adulthood. Conclusions: Findings highlight adolescents' recommendations for programs involving open communication, stigma-reduction around sexuality, and support from both peer and adult mentors. This study lays the foundation for strategies to improve intergenerational communication about sexual health to promote positive approaches to sexuality for ALHIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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20. The Covid-19 conjuncture: rearticulating the school/home/work nexus.
- Author
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Kenway, Jane and Epstein, Debbie
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,SCHOOL closings ,SOCIAL problems ,HIGHER education ,ADULTS - Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic is intensifying existing problems of economic asymmetry, and other injustices, between and within countries and regions around the world. It is thus imperative that sociological studies of education document its socio-cultural implications in different locations and on different scales. It is equally imperative that such studies have a historical perspective that asks what pre-existing social problems have been intensified and how such intensification is happening. This paper responds to these imperatives through the deployment of conjunctural analysis and related crisis and articulation theory. We discuss the global Covid-19 conjuncture as it emerged in the first seven months of 2020 and show how it articulated with the preceding conjuncture. Subsequently, we focus on the issues associated with closing and reopening schools and show how they were intertwined with reconfigurations of the school/home/work nexus. We consider these reconfigurations in two very different locations, Australia and South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Ruled by hetero-norms? Raising some moral questions for teachers in South Africa.
- Author
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Bhana, Deevia
- Subjects
HETERONORMATIVITY ,EDUCATION ,SOCIAL context ,TEACHERS ,HOMOPHOBIA ,MORAL education ,ADULTS ,SECONDARY education ,PREVENTION - Abstract
Thirty-eight countries in Africa regard homosexuality as punishable by law with South Africa remaining a standout country advancing constitutional equality on the basis of sexual orientation. In the context of homophobic violence, however, concerns have been raised about schools’ potential to improve the educational, moral and social outcomes for young people. In examining how some South African teachers normalize heterosexuality the paper raises questions about moral education in addressing homophobia. By drawing on interviews conducted with teachers across different social contexts, the paper shows how rights are limited by dominant constructions of heterosexual privilege mediated by a range of interlocking social processes including gender, race and culture. The paper argues that attention to the social and cultural influences in teachers’ account of homosexuality must feature in local designs of moral education. The imperative of working with teachers is presented as a way forward to facilitate the broadening of moral education to include an interrogation of heteronormativity which has evaded the focus of South African moral education. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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22. The effect of tobacco expenditure on expenditure shares in South African households: A genetic matching approach.
- Author
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Chelwa, Grieve and Koch, Steven F.
- Subjects
HOUSEHOLDS ,SOUTH Africans ,NUTS ,TOBACCO ,POPULATION biology ,PHYSICAL sciences ,TOBACCO industry laws - Abstract
This paper examines whether tobacco expenditure leads to the crowding out or crowding in of different expenditure items in South Africa. We apply genetic matching to expenditure quartiles of the 2010/2011 South African Income and Expenditure Survey. Genetic matching is a more appealing approach for dealing with the endogeneity of tobacco expenditure that often plagues studies using systems of demand equations. Further, genetic matching provides transparent measures of covariate balance giving the analyst objective means of assessing match success. We find that the poorest tobacco consuming households in South Africa consistently allocate smaller budget shares towards food items than non-smoking households. Specifically, we find that dairy, fruits, nuts and oils are displaced in favour of tobacco expenditure in the two poorest quartiles. Unsurprisingly, food items are never displaced for households in the top two quartiles, given these households’ greater access to resources. Like other studies in the literature, we find that tobacco expenditure consistently crowds-in alcohol across all quartiles confirming the strong complementarities between the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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23. The Beginning of a Dialogue in South Africa.
- Author
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Sanford, Ruth
- Abstract
Presents a case study of person-centered therapy in South Africa, using transcripts of dialogue from a group of two facilitators and 11 men and women, Black and White. The group was found effective in opening communication and promoting acceptance of personal differences and issues. (BH)
- Published
- 1984
24. Terrorism, Wars, Nuclear Holocaust.
- Author
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Kende, Istvan
- Abstract
Presents a brief survey of the political and structural violence which pervades contemporary life. Attempts to demonstrate the ancient dictum that violence breeds more violence. Draws distinctions between different types of political violence and explores the political nature of nuclear deterrence. (JDH)
- Published
- 1986
25. A Report on the Industrial Relations Film 'Indaba Ye Grievance.' Research Finding PERS-392.
- Author
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Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria (South Africa). and Godsell, G.
- Abstract
Attitudes and reactions are reported regarding the South African film, "Indaba Ye Grievance," (produced by the Human Sciences Research Council) which was designed to show unsophisticated workers the advantages of a grievance procedure and the problem of acceptability. Chapter 1, "Background to the Film 'Indaba Ye Grievance'" (R. S. Hall), discusses film objectives and production. Chapter 2, "'Indaba Ye Grievance': Discussion of Film Realism and Its Communicative Competence" (Keyan Tomaselli), offers comments on the documentary film, discusses assumptions made on the context of the film, and reports responses of white supervisors/managers and black workers to the film. It finds that the workers endorsed the portrayal of themselves, while supervisors/managers were more skeptical of the accuracy of the situations presented. Chapter 3, "Audience Reaction to the Film" (G. Godsell), presents results of a small qualitative study to assess the kinds of impact the film had on managers and workers, to discover which issues should be covered in a companion manual, and to ascertain problem areas and possible areas of improvement. This chapter discusses use of the film for instruction on interpersonal relations, grievance procedures, and general principles of industrial relations and for management training. Chapter 4 lists possible improvements to the film. Appendixes, amounting to over one-half of the report, include the script outline, the narrative in both English and Zulu, and interview schedules. (YLB)
- Published
- 1985
26. Trends and correlates of HIV prevalence among adolescents in South Africa: evidence from the 2008, 2012 and 2017 South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour surveys.
- Author
-
Mabaso, Musawenkosi, Maseko, Goitseone, Sewpaul, Ronel, Naidoo, Inbarani, Jooste, Sean, Takatshana, Sinovuyo, Reddy, Tarylee, Zuma, Khangelani, and Zungu, Nompumelelo
- Subjects
HIV infection epidemiology ,HIV infection risk factors ,HIV infections ,STATISTICS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,CROSS-sectional method ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,AGE distribution ,BLACK people ,POPULATION geography ,RACE ,RISK assessment ,SURVEYS ,SEX distribution ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DISEASE prevalence ,CHI-squared test ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,STATISTICAL sampling ,ODDS ratio ,WHITE people ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,SECONDARY analysis ,CHILDREN ,ADULTS ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Background: Adolescents are at increased risk of HIV infection compared to other age groups. There is an urgent need for strategic information that will inform programmes to reduce risk and vulnerability to HIV and reverse the pattern of increasing HIV infection as they transition to adulthood. This paper analysed trends and factors associated with HIV prevalence among adolescents in South Africa using the national HIV population-based household surveys conducted in 2008, 2012 and 2017. Methods: All three surveys used a multistage cross-sectional design. A trend analysis was conducted to assess the differences in HIV prevalence and covariates overtime using P-trend Chi-squared statistic. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with HIV prevalence. Results: Overall there was a significant increase in HIV prevalence among adolescents aged 12–19 years from 3.0% (n = 2892) in 2008 to 3.2% (n = 4829) in 2012 and 4.1% (n = 3937) in 2017 (p = 0.031). The odds of being HIV positive among adolescents aged 12–19 years was significantly higher among females [AOR = 2.24; 95% CI (1.73–2.91); p < 0.001] than males, those residing in KwaZulu-Natal province [AOR = 2.01; 95% CI (1.-3.99); p = 0.027] than Northern Cape, and those who did not attend an educational institution and were unemployed [AOR = 2.66; 95% CI (1.91–3.67); p < 0.001] compared to those attending an educational institution. The odds were significantly lower among Whites [AOR = 0.29; 95% CI (0.09–0.93); p = 0.037], Coloureds [AOR = 0.21; 95% CI (0.11–0.37); p ≤ 0.001] and Indian/Asian [AOR = 0.08; 95% CI (0.02–0.34); p = 0.001] population groups than Black Africans. Conclusion: The observed increasing trend and gender disparities in HIV prevalence suggests an urgent need for age appropriate and gender specific HIV interventions tailored and targeted at identified drivers of HIV infection among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A language for the analysis of disciplinary boundary crossing: insights from engineering problem-solving practice.
- Author
-
Wolff, Karin
- Subjects
THEORY-practice relationship ,EDUCATORS ,SOCIOCULTURAL factors ,SOCIOLOGY education ,CURRICULUM planning ,ADULTS ,PROFESSIONAL education - Abstract
Poor graduate throughput and industry feedback on graduate inability to cope with the complex knowledge practices in twenty-first century engineering ‘problem solving’ have placed pressure on educators to better conceptualise the theory-practice relationship, particularly in technology-dependent professions. The research draws on the social realist work of Basil Bernstein and uses the Legitimation Code Theory dimension of Specialization to interrogate different disciplinary organising principles and their impact on complex sociocultural practices. Data gathered from 18 engineering case studies situated in three different types of industrial practice sites form the empirical basis of the original study. This paper focuses on the application of a Language of Description to aspects of the problem-solving process which illuminate the nature of disciplinary knowledge in practice. The intention is to provide educators across professions with empirical insights into the theory-practice relationship in a complex problem-solving context, and which might inform their curriculum and pedagogic design thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Analysing the professional development of teaching and learning from a political ethics of care perspective.
- Author
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Bozalek, Vivienne Grace, McMillan, Wendy, Marshall, Delia E., November, Melvyn, Daniels, Andre, and Sylvester, Toni
- Subjects
TEACHER development ,CARE ethics (Philosophy) ,POLITICAL ethics ,POWER (Social sciences) ,ADULTS ,HIGHER education - Abstract
This paper uses Tronto's political ethics of care as a normative framework to evaluate a model of teaching and learning professional development. This framework identifies five integrated moral elements of care – attentiveness, responsibility, competence, responsiveness and trust. This paper explicates on each of these elements to evaluate the piloting and implementation of a teaching and learning professional development model at a South African higher education institution. The political ethics of care was found to be a useful normative framework for a group of higher educators to reflect on the process of engaging in teaching and learning professional development in that it revealed the importance of differential power relations, the importance of working collaboratively and being attentive to the needs of both caregivers and care receivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Women principals in South Africa: gender, mothering and leadership.
- Author
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Lumby, Jacky and Azaola, Marta Cristina
- Subjects
SCHOOL principals ,SCHOOL administration ,WOMEN in education ,EDUCATIONAL leadership research ,MOTHERHOOD ,BASIC education ,ADULTS - Abstract
This paper draws on qualitative data from a mixed-method study that analysed women's access to the principal role and their leadership experiences. The paper draws on a subset of interviews with 54 female head teachers in the Gauteng and North West provinces of South Africa. Since a mothering style of leadership was self-reported by over half of the participants in our study, this paper aims to explore the diverse ways in which motherhood was constructed and the outcomes of these constructions on women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Leveraging informal leadership in higher education institutions: A case of diffusion of emerging technologies in a southern context.
- Author
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Ng'ambi, Dick and Bozalek, Vivienne
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL leadership research ,EDUCATIONAL technology research ,PUBLIC education ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,ADULTS ,HIGHER education - Abstract
In the last decade, emerging technologies and transformative practices have diffused into higher education social systems in ways that formal leadership styles are increasingly stretched to both keep abreast of and to manage. While many scholars have argued for the importance of the role of leadership styles in shaping the strategic direction of institutions, there is a paucity of research on the role that informal leaders, and more particularly opinion leaders and change agents, can play in enabling wide-scale adoption of innovations in higher education institutions. This paper focuses on the ways in which leadership in higher education can best extend their influence to accelerate the diffusion of transformational educational practices using emerging technologies by leveraging informal leaders. To illustrate how this could be achieved, we report on a study of 22 public higher education institutions in South Africa involving 259 participants who responded to an online survey. The survey focused on the uses of emerging technologies to transform the teaching and learning practices and the nature of institutional support such initiatives received. The findings reveal that for emerging technologies to be diffused in institutional social systems, more transformative and less transactional leadership is required. The paper proposes a model for accelerating the diffusion of emerging technologies in higher education institutions and concludes that leveraging informal leadership is particularly critical in accelerating the uptake of emerging technologies practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Teacher as learner: a personal reflection on a short course for South African university educators.
- Author
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Clowes, Lindsay
- Subjects
TRAINING of college teachers ,HIGHER education ,POSTSECONDARY education ,FEMINISM ,SOCIAL justice ,SEGREGATION ,ADULTS - Abstract
Higher education is understood to play a critical role in ongoing processes of social transformation in post-apartheid South Africa through the production of graduates who are critical and engaged citizens. A key challenge is that institutions of higher education are themselves implicated in reproducing the very hierarchies they hope to transform. In this paper, I reflect critically on my experiences of a course aimed at transforming teaching through transforming teachers. In this paper, I foreground my own positionality as a white female educator as I draw on feminist theorising to reflect on my experiences as a learner in the Community, Self and Identity course. I suggest that we need to teach in ways that are more cognisant of the complexities of the constraints on personal freedom in the past if we are to contribute to the development of social justice in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Impact of Lifelong Family Care on Family Caregivers' Perceptions of the Sexuality of Young Adults with Intellectual Disabilities in the Western Cape of South Africa.
- Author
-
Kahonde, Callista K., McKenzie, Judith, and Wilson, Nathan J.
- Subjects
FOCUS groups ,GROUNDED theory ,HUMANITY ,INTERVIEWING ,LONG-term health care ,RESEARCH methodology ,PEOPLE with intellectual disabilities ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,HUMAN sexuality ,VALUES (Ethics) ,QUALITATIVE research ,FAMILY relations ,HOME environment ,SOCIAL support ,CAREGIVER attitudes ,INDEPENDENT living ,ATTITUDES toward sex ,ADULTS - Abstract
This paper presents findings of a constructivist grounded theory study conducted within the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The study explored how family caregivers respond to sexuality issues of their young adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). Indepth interviews and focus group discussions were used as methods of data collection. Twenty-five family caregivers participated in the study. The family caregivers' perceptions highlight how the lifelong care relationship and the living arrangements attached to it may become a hindrance to people with ID exercising sexual autonomy. The family caregivers felt responsible for the young adults' behavior and determined what was appropriate or not with regards to the young adults' sexuality. Concerns about the young adults' future care were central in the family caregivers' responses. We conclude that without the appropriate forms of support for both the young adults and their caregivers, the young adults will continue to be policed by the family caregivers and not have choices and opportunities to enjoy and express their sexuality. The support interventions needed should alleviate the burden of care from the family caregivers and also ensure independent living and more choices for the young adults with ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. How useful are skills acquired at adult non-formal education and training centres for finding employment in South Africa?
- Author
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Mayombe, Celestin and Lombard, Antoinette
- Subjects
NONFORMAL education ,EDUCATION ,EQUALITY ,SELF-employment ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,ADULTS ,ADULT education - Abstract
Copyright of International Review of Education / Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Educating professionals - perceptions of the research-teaching nexus in accounting (a case study).
- Author
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Lubbe, Ilse
- Subjects
EDUCATION of professional employees ,ACCOUNTING education ,TEACHER researchers ,ACCOUNTING teachers ,UNIVERSITY & college research ,ADULTS ,HIGHER education - Abstract
The teaching-research 'nexus' has been an area of historic and ongoing controversy within universities and discussions into the nexus between teaching and research continues to expand. Within the accounting discipline, where new knowledge is perceived to be located 'outside' the university, academics struggle to describe and evaluate their roles as teachers and researchers. This paper investigates the perceptions of accounting academics and professional accountants in South Africa with regards to the meaning of research, their role as teachers, and the nexus between teaching and research. This study suggests that the external production and application of specialised knowledge in accounting, the strong control by the profession of the accounting curriculum offered by accredited universities, and their loyalty towards the profession, obstruct the perceived research role and value of accounting academics. Accounting academics and universities are encouraged to break away from the simple categories of 'research-teaching' and accept the multi-faceted understanding of academic work within a professional programme, as demonstrated in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Educational leadership and leadership development in Africa: Building the knowledge base.
- Author
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Bush, Tony
- Subjects
EDUCATION ,WOMEN school administrators ,WOMEN school principals ,ADULTS - Abstract
An introduction is presented that discusses issue articles on topics including school leadership in South Africa, the leadership style of women school principals in Gauteng, South Africa, and conditions in disadvantaged schools in Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Forever young: Institution-based waithood among youth in Ghana and South Africa.
- Author
-
Levy, Noa and Dubinsky, Itamar
- Subjects
LONELINESS ,TRANSITION to adulthood ,AFRICANS ,SOCIAL facts ,ADULTS ,EDUCATIONAL objectives - Abstract
As the scholarship on youth grows, so does the focus on the predicaments youth face increases. In particular, the phenomenon of waithood, which refers to a prolonged period of transition from youth to adulthood, has been attracting much attention from researchers. This article builds upon this growing literature by examining the roles that soccer academies in Ghana and shelters for unaccompanied young migrants in South Africa play in creating, sustaining, and spreading the waithood of youth. Even though both institutions operate in different spaces and promote distinct activities, they share a mutual goal by presenting themselves as educational stepping stones for a better present and future for African youths. Nevertheless, given the gaps between what both institutions claimed to provide and what they provided in reality, we argue that they served as the root of waithood for their young residents. As the following ethnography reveals, with worsening basic living conditions, infrequent access to school, and unattainable dreams about universities and European soccer leagues, many youths in shelters and academies were left incapable of assuming adult responsibilities and enjoying adult privileges. Our findings suggest that, unlike common perception of waithood as a phenomenon that takes place after school and before formal employment, waithood is also an institution-based phenomenon that can be facilitated within the education system. Simultaneously, in contrast to the common scholarly portrayals of waithood as an individual experience, we argue that waithood is a communal social phenomenon. At South African shelters and Ghanaian academies, the period of suspension and the prolonged journey to adulthood trickled-down to wider social and familial circles. The youth's efforts to seek alternative paths for adulthood, as well as the support they get from relatives and friends, reduces the loneliness of their waithood, though their contributions are hampered by local economic and political challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Evaluation of an Integrated Fluency and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention for Adolescents and Adults Who Stutter.
- Author
-
Hart, Alice K., Breen, Lauren J., Hennessey, Neville W., and Beilby, Janet M.
- Subjects
STATISTICAL models ,SELF-evaluation ,SELF-efficacy ,DATA analysis ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,CLINICAL trials ,PILOT projects ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,STUTTERING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,LONGITUDINAL method ,METROPOLITAN areas ,RESEARCH ,STATISTICS ,ACCEPTANCE & commitment therapy ,DATA analysis software ,INTEGRATED health care delivery ,PSYCHOSOCIAL functioning ,COGNITIVE flexibility ,ADOLESCENCE ,ADULTS ,MIDDLE age - Abstract
Purpose: Developmental stuttering is a complex and multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder that may cause pervasive negative consequences for adults who stutter (AWS). Historically, intervention for AWS has primarily addressed speech fluency, with less focus on the covert psychosocial aspects of the disorder. The purpose of this article is to report on a feasibility trial evaluating a novel integrated intervention that combines traditional stuttering management techniques with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for AWS. Method: Twenty-nine AWS participated in the feasibility trial. All participants successfully completed a combined fluency and ACT intervention, titled the fluency and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Stuttering (fACTS) Program. As this was a feasibility study, no control group was included. Intervention was administered by two certified practicing speech-language pathologists, over eight 60- to 90-min sessions. Results: Generalized linear mixed modeling was used to determine change from pre- to post-intervention and follow-up. Significant pre- and post-intervention improvements in self-efficacy, psychosocial functioning, and psychological flexibility were observed, along with significant reductions in observable stuttering behaviors (i.e., stuttered speech frequency). Intervention gains for all variables of interest were maintained 3 and 6 months post-intervention. Conclusions: The fACTS Program was created to be a holistic and flexible intervention to promote self-efficacy beliefs and address stuttering-related psychosocial impacts and speech fluency goals of AWS. Preliminary results indicated positive improvement in all psychosocial outcomes (i.e., self-efficacy, psychosocial impact, and psychological flexibility) and observable speech fluency following completion of the program. Future clinical trials of the fACTS Program with an included control group will further investigate the mechanisms of change for the positive effects observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Correction to: Modeling Cash Plus Other Psychosocial and Structural Interventions to Prevent HIV Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa (HPTN 068).
- Author
-
Stoner, Marie C. D., Edwards, Jessie K., Westreich, Daniel, Kilburn, Kelly, Ahern, Jennifer, Lippman, Sheri A., Gómez-Olivé, F. Xavier, Kahn, Kathleen, and Pettifor, Audrey
- Subjects
HIV prevention ,PREVENTIVE health services ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,WOMEN'S health ,ADULTS ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03261-5 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Sex differences in under and over nutrition among school-going Black teenagers in South Africa: an uneven nutrition trajectory.
- Author
-
Jinabhai, C. C., Reddy, P., Taylor, M., Monyeki, D., Kamabaran, N., Omardien, R., and Sullivan, K. R.
- Subjects
SEX differences (Biology) ,NUTRITION ,BLACK teenagers ,BEHAVIOR ,ECONOMICS ,OBESITY ,RICH people ,ADULTS ,HUMAN sexuality - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Medicine & International Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Diabetes Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in adults with type 2 diabetes at primary health care clinics in Kimberley South Africa.
- Author
-
Alenbalu, Moses, Egenasi, Chika K., Steinberg, Wilhelm J., and Aluko, Omololu
- Subjects
DIABETES complications ,HEALTH literacy ,CROSS-sectional method ,HEALTH attitudes ,PRIMARY health care ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,STATISTICAL sampling ,QUANTITATIVE research ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,RESEARCH ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PUBLIC health ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,DIABETES ,ADULTS - Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common non-communicable disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality globally. It poses a huge public health and economic challenge. People with diabetes need to have adequate knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) to prevent complications from diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the KAP towards diabetes among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients attending primary healthcare clinics in Kimberley. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical, quantitative questionnaire-based study was done using a convenient sampling method in Sol Plaatje Municipality, Kimberley, Northern Cape. Results: A total of 363 type 2 diabetic patients took part in the study. Most of the participants (62.0%) were females. Most had good knowledge (67.5%), while 64.5% of the participants showed good attitudes towards diabetes. However, only 35.8% of the participants had good practices towards diabetes. There was a significant association between the participant's level of education and (1) knowledge and (2) practice, with p-values of 0.002 and 0.0075, respectively. No significant association was found between the participant's level of education and attitudes towards diabetes (p = 0.2416). Conclusion: This study demonstrated good diabetes-related knowledge and attitudes but inadequate practices among participants. Educational programmes to assist patients with diabetes to improve their practice towards diabetes should be encouraged and implemented. Contribution: This study will help to create awareness of the need for people with diabetes to improve their practices towards diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The primary moult of adult Red-headed Finches Amadina erythrocephala.
- Author
-
Scott, T, Raijmakers, JMH, and Underhill, LG
- Subjects
FINCHES ,MOLTING ,SPRING ,AUTUMN ,PASSERIFORMES ,ADULTS - Abstract
Copyright of Ostrich: The Journal of African Ornithology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Impact of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment on Mental Health Outcomes in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Author
-
Xiao, Zhuoni, Murat Baldwin, Mina, Wong, Siu Ching, Obsuth, Ingrid, Meinck, Franziska, and Murray, Aja Louise
- Subjects
MENTAL illness risk factors ,MENTAL depression risk factors ,SUBSTANCE abuse risk factors ,PSYCHOLOGICAL abuse ,META-analysis ,CHILD abuse ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,RISK assessment ,SUICIDAL ideation ,ANXIETY ,CHILDREN ,ADULTS - Abstract
Childhood emotional abuse (CEA) and childhood emotional neglect (CEN) are the least well-studied forms of childhood maltreatment due to challenges in their definition and in detection. However, the available evidence suggests associations with multiple adulthood mental health problems in clinical and non-clinical populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number CRD42020197833) explored the associations between CEA and CEN and a range of adulthood mental health problems based on systematic searches of eight databases. In total, 79 English and 11 Chinese studies met our inclusion criteria. Results suggested that CEA and CEN had positive associations with various adulthood mental health problems (d = 0.02–1.84), including depression, anxiety, substance abuse, suicidal ideation or attempts, personality disorders, eating disorders, and other psychological symptoms in the general population and across different geographic regions. Furthermore, findings suggested that compared with the non-clinical population, individuals in clinical populations were more likely to have experienced emotional abuse and neglect during childhood. The review highlights the need for more research on emotional abuse and emotional neglect. Furthermore, future research should include more populations from non-western countries and non-college populations. They further underline the importance of addressing issues related to CEA/CEN experiences in the prevention and treatment of mental health issues in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Adult education as care work in a South African prison: the role of adult educators.
- Author
-
Daniels, Doria
- Subjects
ADULT education ,ADULT learning ,TRANSFORMATIVE learning ,EDUCATORS ,EDUCATIONAL benefits ,PRISON release ,ADULTS - Abstract
The 2000s saw a change in South Africa's Department of Correctional Services' theorising about adult education's potential to shift incarcerated men's thinking about their future in a proactive way. The plan was to advance active citizenship in the incarcerated. As such, the Department of Correctional Services (DCS) introduced holistic, integrated adult educational programmes at twelve of its prisons. Although the policy and scaffolding aspects of AET (Adult Education and Training) received extensive attention, limited research was done to understand the situational and institutional challenges that adult learning centres are presented with, and how institutional culture impacts on the successful implementation of policy. The contributions that adult educators make in advancing transformative learning in adult learning centres, often go unacknowledged because they are seldom the focus of educational research. This article reports on a case study of a successful prison-based adult learning centre. It explores the adult learner-AET educator relationship, specifically the role that educators play in fostering transformational change in such students' lives, through education. The data were generated through semi-structured interviews with students, their educators and the ALC's (Adult Learning Centres) manager, as well as through observations in the prison setting. The findings show that there are strategic employees within the prison environment who resisted the educational opportunities available to incarcerated students. This hostility presented with unique institutional and situational challenges that work against the adult students' participation and success. However, through facilitation and reflective mediation, the educators established an educationally viable environment in which their students could accumulate cultural and social capital to benefit their educational journeys whilst incarcerated, and their chances of success once released from prison. The educators' actions resembled a caring pedagogy that was based on social justice principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. 'We have to be Satisfied with the Scraps': South African Nurses' Experiences of Care on Adult Psychiatric Intellectual Disability Inpatient Wards.
- Author
-
Capri, Charlotte and Buckle, Chanellé
- Subjects
ADULTS ,NURSING psychology ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,PEOPLE with intellectual disabilities ,NURSES' attitudes ,PSYCHOTHERAPY patients ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Background Migrating nursing labour inadvertently reinforces South Africa's care drain, contributes to a global care crisis and forces us to reconsider migration motivation. This paper highlights issues that complicate psychiatric intellectual disability nursing care and identifies loci for change in an attempt to redress this care challenge. Method An exploratory descriptive-interpretivist method investigated nurses' experiences of psychiatric intellectual disability work. Sixteen free association narrative interviews were collected in 2013. Thematic analysis allowed findings to emerge from the data. Results Findings reflect a number of themes: 'relational interaction', 'care burden', 'system fatigue', 'infantilising dynamic of care' and 'resources for coping'. Conclusion System fatigue contributes more to negative experiences of providing care than direct patient work, and nurses experience more relational reciprocity from patients than from institutional management. Organizations should meet nurses' needs for burnout prevention, afford them impact in implementing institutional controls, and engage in a non-exploitative and non-exclusionary way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Gender differences in South African men and women's access to and evaluation of informal sources of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information.
- Author
-
Stern, Erin, Cooper, Diane, and Gibbs, Andrew
- Subjects
ADULTS ,HEALTH ,SEXUAL health ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,SEX distribution ,INFORMATION resources ,REPRODUCTIVE health ,QUALITATIVE research ,JUDGMENT sampling ,ACCESS to information ,NARRATIVES ,THEMATIC analysis ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
While much research has documented unsatisfactory sexual and reproductive health (SRH) awareness among young people in South Africa, understanding of gender differences in access to and evaluation of SRH information is limited. This paper concerned itself with men and women's informal sources and content of SRH, and gendered divergences around accessibility, evaluation, and impact of such information. Fifty sexual history narrative interviews and twenty-five narrative interviews with women were conducted with participants purposively sampled from a range of ages, cultural and racial backgrounds, and in urban and rural sites across five provinces in South Africa. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. While young women were more likely to learn about SRH information from family members, they also reported greater regulation concerning their sexuality. This could enhance stigma surrounding women's sexuality and hinder open communication. Men predominantly learned about sex through pornography and peers, which was reported to encourage sexual prowess to the neglect of practising safer sex. Lack of adequate SRH instruction for young people as revealed through the narratives had significant and often negative implications for men and women's early safer sex behaviours. In response to these insights, recommendations are offered to strengthen informal sources of SRH awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Women in educational leadership: The case of Hope High School in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
- Author
-
Diko, Nolutho
- Subjects
WOMEN school administrators ,HIGH school administration ,SCHOOL environment ,RURAL school administration ,ADULTS ,SECONDARY education - Abstract
The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 confers equality on all South African citizens regardless of race and gender. It has been reported that, under apartheid, gender inequality was a way of life and even social liberation movements observed it. Education is not exempt from gender inequality; the Department of Education in 2003 produced the Gender Equality In Education policy. The then Minister of Education committed to the policy and adopted the mainstreaming of gender and the training of education administrators in the implementation of gender equity programmes. Despite these efforts, male dominance continues in areas such as educational leadership. This paper employs a case study approach to investigate the role of institutional culture in undermining the constitutional aim of attaining gender equality. Using feminist critical policy analysis theory to study the mentoring and management style employed in a South African rural high school, the article concludes that despite the policy imperatives, the conservative and patriarchal tendencies within educational leadership undermine the attainment of gender equality. To attain success, implementation of gender policies needs to be strictly monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Teachers’ perceptions of the utilization of emotional competence by their school leaders in Gauteng South Africa.
- Author
-
Grobler, Bennie
- Subjects
EMOTIONAL competence ,TEACHER-administrator relationships ,TEACHER-principal relationships ,EDUCATIONAL leadership -- Social aspects ,EDUCATION ,TEACHER attitudes ,ADULTS - Abstract
Attempts to improve poor academic performance in South African public schools resulted in the Schooling 2025 mandate, which stipulated the academic standards that learners needed to achieve by 2014. As school leaders must do this through their teachers the emotional tensions associated with such changes are likely to increase. This paper investigates the use of emotional competence by school leaders via the perceptions of their teachers. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the data obtained from a random sample of 2386 teachers indicated that the postulated five sub-dimensions associated with emotional competence could be reduced to two, namely intrapersonal and interpersonal. The Structural Equation Model suggested a strong positive causal relationship between the two competences and hence a good understanding and regulation of one’s own emotions, influences, understanding and relationships with others. A school leader with a good understanding of their personal emotional competence will have a greater influence on social orientation towards others and possibly lead to improved interpersonal competence. In the South African context it was found that both competences are associated with gender, school type, socio-economic contexts of the learners and home language of the educators. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Treatment Outcomes of Interdisciplinary Care on Speech and Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes in Adults With Cleft Palate.
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Van der Straeten, Charis, Verbeke, Jolien, Alighieri, Cassandra, Bettens, Kim, Van Beveren, Ellen, Bruneel, Laura, and Van Lierde, Kristiane
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ACADEMIC medical centers ,HUMAN voice ,CLEFT palate ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,CLEFT lip ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,COMPARATIVE studies ,QUALITY of life ,HEALTH care teams ,SPEECH ,ADULTS - Abstract
Purpose: Individuals born with a cleft palate with or without a cleft lip (CP ± L) often experience functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial consequences well into adulthood. This study aimed to investigate outcomes of speech and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with a CP ± L who received interdisciplinary cleft care at the Ghent University Hospital using valid, reliable, and condition-specific instruments. Method: Thirteen Belgian Dutch-speaking participants with a CP ± L with a mean age of 25.4 years (SD = 5.1, range: 20-33 years) and an age- and gender-matched control group of 13 participants without a CP ± L with a mean age of 25.2 years (SD = 4.8, range: 20-32 years) were included in this study. Speech characteristics were evaluated perceptually and instrumentally. HRQoL was assessed through standardized patient-reported outcome measures. Outcomes were compared with those of the control group and to normative data where available. Results: Participants with a CP ± L in this sample demonstrated significantly lower speech acceptability (p < .001) and higher rates of hypernasality (p = .015) and nasal turbulence (p = .005) than the control group. They showed significantly higher satisfaction with appearance of the cleft scar compared with norms of adults with a CP ± L (p = .047). No other differences in speech characteristics, sociodemographics, or HRQoL were found between participants with and without a CP ± L. Conclusions: The reduced speech acceptability and the presence of resonance and nasal airflow disorders may indicate the need for standardized long-term outcome measurement and interdisciplinary follow-up for speech characteristics and velopharyngeal insufficiency in young and middle adulthood in future clinical practice. Additional research is necessary to further substantiate these findings and to determine predictors for these continuing complications in adults with a CP ± L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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49. Cluster randomized controlled trial of Stepping Stones and Creating Futures to reduce mental health challenges among young men in informal settlements in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.
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Oyekunle, Victoria, Tomita, Andrew, and Gibbs, Andrew
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ANXIETY prevention ,MENTAL illness prevention ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MEN ,POST-traumatic stress disorder ,INTIMATE partner violence ,POVERTY areas ,COMPARATIVE studies ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,ODDS ratio ,ADULTS - Abstract
Background: Informal settlements are high density areas in and around cities, characterized by a lack of formal planning and basic amenities, being known in South Africa for high levels of mental disorder driven by violence, and complex social and economic challenges. In particular, young men's poor mental health goes untreated, with relatively few evidenced-based interventions available in this setting. Aim: This cluster randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of Stepping Stones and Creating Futures (SS/CF), a participatory gender transformative and economic empowerment intervention, on the mental health of young men living in South African informal settlement. Methods: A total of 674 young men ages 18 to 30 years were recruited in 34 clusters in Durban's urban informal settlements. Clusters were randomly allocated (1:1) to either the experimental SS/CF or control arm and participants were followed-up over 24-months. Intention-to-treat analysis based on generalized estimating equations (GEE) were fitted to quantify the impact of SS/CF on the men's anxiety and post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptomatology. Results: At end of the 24 months follow-period, anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.62, p =.04, 95% CI [0.39, 0.99]) and PTS (aOR = 0.52, p =.03, 95% CI [0.29, 0.93]) were significantly lower for group assigned to the SS/CF compared to the control group. Conclusion: SS/CF, a gender transformative and livelihoods strengthening intervention designed to address poverty and other socio-economic challenges in informal settlements reduced anxiety and PTS among men with mental health challenges living in informal settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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50. Ubuntu among the 'born frees': Exploring the transmission of social values through community engagement in South Africa.
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Willmore, Stephanie Blickfeldt, Day, Randal, Roby, Jini L, and Maistry, Savathrie
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CULTURE ,RESEARCH ,COMPETITION (Psychology) ,APATHY ,PSYCHOLOGY of college students ,ECONOMIC impact ,SOCIAL values ,HEALTH occupations students ,RESEARCH methodology ,PRACTICAL politics ,HUMANISM ,COMMUNITIES ,SOCIAL factors ,INTERVIEWING ,PSYCHOLOGY ,CRIME ,QUALITATIVE research ,SERVICE learning ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,RESEARCH funding ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,SOUND recordings ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THEORY ,ETHNIC groups ,JUDGMENT sampling ,STUDENT attitudes ,EMOTIONS ,SOCIAL work education ,SOCIAL case work ,ADULTS - Abstract
Ubuntu was recently adopted as the first theme for the 2020–2030 global agenda for social work, and yet little research is available to explore how it is transmitted and implemented in communities. The authors present findings of a qualitative study conducted in an academic setting in South Africa, where the transmission of Ubuntu was discussed among 30 young adult 'born frees'. Students seemed to embrace principles of Ubuntu as a whole; however, economic, social and cultural strains are documented as obstacles to its pragmatic application. Implications of community engagement through service learning as a means of strengthening Ubuntu are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
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