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This paper describes the Santos Basin Underwater Soundscape Monitoring Project (PMPAS-BS), a Brazilian ocean soundscape monitoring initiative. The main objective of the project is to quantify and assess hydroacoustic noise of anthropogenic origin in a large sedimentary basin extending from 23° S to 28° S on the southeastern Brazilian continental margin of the South Atlantic Ocean. Noise associated with oil and gas (O&G) exploration and production activities is the primary target, but this oceanic region also has busy shipping lanes for commercial, military, and fishing vessels. The two main hubs of Brazil’s export and import of goods by sea are located in this region: Santos and Rio de Janeiro ports. The project has three measurement components: mobile monitoring based on gliders and drifting acoustic profilers, fixed shallow-water monitoring based on acoustic measurements at coastal stations near shipping lanes associated with exploration and production activities in the Santos Basin, and fixed oceanic monitoring based on deep-water mooring lines equipped with passive autonomous acoustic recorders near production units, shipping lanes, and areas with lower intensity of O&G activities (pristine or reference sites). Numerical modeling of anthropogenic underwater acoustic noise has also been included as a fourth project component. The PMPAS-BS covers an area of more than 251,000 km² and uses several instruments with different methods and sensors for acoustic measurements. Its results provide current sound levels over a very large region of the western South Atlantic, both in areas more and less affected by anthropogenic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Their production processes involve several risks and repetitive tasks and adoption of penalizing postures, which can cause musculoskeletal disorders and occupational accidents. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the situation of Occupational Health and Safety in the automotive sector in the Agulhas Negras region and in Brazil. Methodology/Approach: For this bibliographic research was carried out to characterize and define the processes and concepts pertinent to the economic activities of the sector; collect and treat the most frequently registered data and elaborate a comparative study for better visualization of the scenarios. Findings: The result was the identification of different behaviours of the curves, which showed the national scenario being linear and constant, while the regional one proved to be unstable, with many variations over the years. Research Limitation/Implication: The research was developed in a region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, and it is recommended to conduct a global survey. Originality/Value of paper: The analysis of the characteristics of occupational accidents, with the most frequent type of injury, the most affected body parts, the groups of causative agents, and the most notified occupations in accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This aim of this paper is to assess the use of the heterotrophic/autotrophic ratio as an early indicator of trophic status as a part of development of a real time monitoring program at Anjos Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An in-situ flow cytometer was used to quantify the abundances of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, which were identified by chlorophyll and phycoerythrin autofluorescence, respectively. Heterotrophic prokaryotes and viruses were quantified by DNA-binding fluorochromes; merozooplankton larvae were collected by plankton net and quantified by stereomicroscopy. The temporal and spatial distributions of these variables were evaluated on the basis of weekly observations from August 2006 to September 2007. The eterotrophic/autotrophic ratio and the viral abundance were correlated with upwelling events and assume an apparently seasonal pattern. A possible control mechanism and influential factors are discussed, and it is concluded that this ecosystem is bottom-up controlled under eutrophic conditions and top-down controlled under oligotrophic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial inclusion (FI) literature claims that expanding access of the poor to consumer credit in the formal financial system is an instrument to alleviate poverty. This view has been increasingly challenged by the financialization literature, which highlights unsustainable indebtedness of low-income borrowers following the introduction of FI policies. While a welcome contribution and antidote to mainstream assessments, much of the financialization literature on Brazil has, to date, focused on a macro-oriented analysis. As a major testing ground for FI, a better understanding of these dynamics in Latin America's largest country deepens our understanding of the socio-economic consequences of inserting poor populations into the financial system. This paper contributes to the financialization literature by drawing on interviews conducted in a Rio de Janeiro slum to understand how debt dynamics operate in everyday life, along with its structural conditioners. It shows that FI policies provide limited consumption smoothing and instead increase the structural vulnerability of low-income households. Wage and welfare support along with greater oversight and control of financial products supplied to low-income borrowers are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the problematization of generic and mass-produced forms of architecture through the oppositional relationship with indigenous self-constructed spaces. Starting from an ethnographic study about an unique indigenous horticulture project in the center of Rio de Janeiro, The Dja Guata Porã Garden, we demonstrate the effort to build a territory that organizes itself based on multispecies relationships. The project is contrasted with the formal urban space where it takes place, within a housing complex "Minha Casa, Minha Vida", the largest public housing policy in Brazil, where the architecture is designed with generic spaces that cannot be modified according to the residents. From this spatial contrast, we propose that this indigenous horticulture project, with pedagogical purposes, is a gap in the formal urban space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer represents an important public health problem with increasing incidence, prevalence, and mortality, affecting the entire Western population, especially in developed and developing countries. The use of monoclonal antibodies has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, but this treatment can cause adverse cardiovascular effects (AE). Objective: The objective of this paper is to identify and classify AE in breast cancer patients in the use of Trastuzumab in two health institutions. Methods: Retrospective study of medical records of patients with breast cancer Her 2+ submitted the therapy with trastuzumab in early and advanced stage of the disease. Review conducted in a university hospital and a private clinic, both located in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Results: Cardiovascular events were late for trastuzumab, with predominance of moderate reactions. There was a predominance of dyspnea, increased blood pressure, fatigue and reduced left ventricular ejection. Conclusion: The results resemble similarities in the pattern of the institutions’ reactions. Identify possible AE and know the toxicity profile of trastuzumab can contribute to a safer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conceptualizes dwelling as an analytical lens to study the effects of combined human-made and environmental threats on the governing of peripheral urbanization. I call this grounded and phenomenological-analytical approach to dwelling dwelling in limbo to highlight the improvised and always uncertain nature of low-income populations' forms of residence. As such, dwelling will be explored as a temporal, political, and more-than-human process: as residents' exposure to, endurance while, and ways of navigating towards urbanization. Combining three data sources - semi-structured interviews with residents, politicians, state attorneys; own observations/ fieldwork notes, and local media reports - the paper situates this approach in the northern periphery of Rio de Janeiro. I present cases of once promised, yet suspended resettlement and highlight the role of organized criminal actors in the partial implementation of the Project Iguaçu - a disaster prevention program financed by Brazil's Federal Growth Acceleration Programme (PAC). The paper identifies such dwelling in limbo, that is, residents' exposure to criminal actors' dominion, enduring (non)resettlement, and navigating amidst uncertainty, to illustrate the effects of standby urbanization. Standby urbanization, I argue, is characterized by an active passivity of marginalized residents: To secure future dwelling, low-income populations are forced into supporting structures that perpetuate their marginality. In other words, dwelling in limbo is not an accidental side-effect of urbanization, but a form of political violence inherent to the governing of urban peripheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lumbrineriopsis dulcis sp. nov. is morphologically described from the continental shelf and slope of Espírito Santo and the Campos Basin of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil, at depths between 14 and 400 m. Lumbrineriopsis mucronata is the only species of the genus recorded until now in Brazil. The new species differs from other congeneric species in its jaw-apparatus morphology with unfused mandibles and a fixed number of simple limbate chaetae and simple, bidentate, hooded hooks in each parapodium. This paper aims to fill the gap in knowledge on the family Lumbrineridae, which has not been studied in Brazil for the last 25 years and provides the first record of the genus from Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states. This record is significant given the damage to the marine ecosystem of the Espírito Santo region due to the 2015 rupture of the Samarco mining company dam, the largest environmental disaster in Brazil's history. In addition, this region has important environmental conservation units such as Costa das Algas Environmental Protection Area, Santa Cruz Wildlife Refuge, and Comboios Biological Reserve. All these preserved areas are of paramount importance for the protection of marine biological diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pure Neural Leprosy (PNL) is a rare clinical form of leprosy in which patients do not present with the classical skin lesions but have a high burden of the disability associated with the disease. Clinical characteristics and follow up of patients in PNL are still poorly described in the literature. Objective: This paper aims to describe the clinical, electrophysiological and histopathological characteristics of PNL patients, as well as their evolution after multidrug therapy (MDT). Methods: Fifty-two PNL patients were selected. Clinical, nerve conduction studies (NCS), histopathological and anti-PGL-1serology were evaluated. Patients were also assessed monthly during the MDT. At the end of the MDT, all of the patients had a new neurological examination and 44 were submitted to another NCS. Results: Paresthesia was the complaint most frequently reported by patients, and in the neurological examination the most common pattern observed was impairment in sensory and motor examination and a mononeuropathy multiplex. Painful nerve enlargement, a classical symptom of leprosy neuropathy, was observed in a minority of patients and in the motor NCS axonal injuries, alone or in combination with demyelinating features, were the most commonly observed. 88% of the patients did not present any leprosy reaction during MDT. There was no statistically significant difference between the neurological examinations, nor the NCS pattern, performed before and after the MDT. Discussion: The classical hallmarks of leprosy neuropathy are not always present in PNL making the diagnosis even more challenging. Nerve biopsy is an important tool for PNL diagnosis as it may guide therapeutic decisions. This paper highlights unique characteristics of PNL in the spectrum of leprosy in an attempt to facilitate the diagnosis and management of these patients. Author summary: Neuropathy is responsible for most of the disability associated with leprosy disease. The pure neural leprosy (PNL), in spite of being a rare clinical presentation of that, has some singular characteristics that are still poorly studied. In this study, we selected 52 patients at the diagnosis to describe their clinical, neurophysiological and histopathological presentation patterns as well as their evolution during the multidrug therapy (MDT). We confirmed that sensitive symptoms were the most commonly described by PNL patients but neural pain is rare. Also confirmed that mononeuropathy mutiplex was the most common pattern observed at neurological examination and at the nerve conduction studies at the moment of the diagnosis. However we showed that painful nerve enlargement other cardinal signs of leprosy, besides the skin lesions, is not common in this group of patients, There was no statistically significant difference between the neurological examination and NCS performed before and after the MDT.During the MDT88.4% of the patients did not have any leprosy reaction. This may suggest that that MDT was effective in stopping disease progression. Our results highlight the difficulties in the diagnosis of PNL and the progression following MDT in an attempt to prevent further disability in PNL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this paper is to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile and the early outcomes of patients with omphalocele born in a fetal medicine, pediatric surgery, and genetics reference hospital in Rio de Janeiro - Brazil. To determine its prevalence, describe the presence of genetic syndromes, and congenital malformations, emphasizing the characteristics of congenital heart diseases and their most common types. Methods: Using Latin-American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) database and records review, a retrospective cross-sectional study was performed, including all patients born with omphalocele between January 1st, 2016, and December 31st, 2019. Results: During the period of the study, our unity registered 4,260 births, 4,064 were live births and 196 stillbirths. There were 737 diagnoses of any congenital malformation, among them 38 cases of omphalocele, 27 were live born, but one was excluded for missing data. 62.2% were male, 62.2% of the women were multiparous and 51.3% of the babies were preterm. There was an associated malformation in 89.1% of the cases. Heart disease was the most common (45.9%) of which tetralogy of Fallot was the most frequent (23.5%). Mortality rate was 61.5%. Conclusions: Our data showed a good correspondence with the existing literature. Most patients with omphalocele had other malformations, especially congenital heart disease. No pregnancy was interrupted. The presence of concurrent defects showed a huge impact on prognosis, since, even if most survived birth, few remained alive and received hospital discharge. Based on these data, fetal medicine and neonatal teams must be able to adjust parents counseling about fetal and neonatal risks, especially when other congenital diseases are present. Summary of findings: Most patients with omphalocele had other malformations, especially congenital heart disease. The presence of concurrent defects showed a huge impact on prognosis. A clear perinatal plan should be developed for couples with a multidisciplinary team, aimed at minimizing maternal morbidity and providing better care for the newborn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents some current results of the research, which proposes a virtual recreation of Reynaldo Dierberger original project for the Seropédica campus of UFRRJ, located in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The gardens, as well as the original architectural ensemble, in neocolonial style, have been legally protected in 2001. The group of researchers faced a triple challenge to make the virtual recreation. The first one concerns the identification of what was designed and not built, based on original hand-made drawings filed in the Document Conservation Laboratory of UFRRJ (LabDOC) and other university departments. The second challenge concerns the interpretation of the elements from English Garden design principles that emerged in the 19th century and were developed in Brazil by European landscapers such as Glaziou (1828–1906). The third one concerns making design drawings digital to elaborate 3d models considering a group of digital graphic tools available and also the application of Sevilla Principles (2011). It is important to mention that some of the research activities were impaired by the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Simple Summary: Brazil, with its remarkably diverse marine habitats, harbour one of the world's richest fish diversities. Consequently, the diversity of their trematode parasites is also expected to be extremely rich. However, our current knowledge on this group of animals is incomplete and there are many unknown trematode species that await discovery and genetic characterisation. The Hemiuridae (Digenea) is the second most speciose trematode family in marine fishes from Brazil; however, to date, it remains understudied. We examined forty-three specimens of nine fish species belonging to eight families (Carangidae, Clupeidae, Haemulidae, Muraenidae, Percophidae, Pinguipedidae, Trichiuridae, and Triglidae) collected from the coastal zone off Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and found hemiurid trematodes in the stomach of 14 fishes. Using morphological and molecular analyses, we identified eight species from four genera of the family Hemiuridae. One of these species is reported in Brazil for the first time, four are reported from new fish hosts, and four were genetically characterised for the first time. Our novel data contributes to the knowledge on marine biodiversity in Brazil and will further contribute to the classification of the family Hemiuridae. Brazil is a tropical country with remarkably diverse marine habitats that harbour a rich diversity of fish. Only a small portion of this fish diversity has been investigated for parasites, and thus the diversity of their trematode parasites remains unexplored. Moreover, only 5 out of 184 known digenean trematode species of marine fish in Brazil have been genetically characterised. The Hemiuridae Looss, 1899 is the second most speciose trematode family in marine fishes from Brazil but, in many ways, it remains a neglected group. Forty-three trematode specimens from nine fish species were collected from the coastal zone off Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Trematodes were found in the stomach of 14 specimens of 9 fish species belonging to 8 families (Carangidae, Clupeidae, Haemulidae, Muraenidae, Percophidae, Pinguipedidae, Trichiuridae, and Triglidae). Trematode specimens were studied using morphological and molecular genetic analyses. A total of eight hemiurid species from four genera, Ectenurus, Lecithochirium, Myosaccium, and Parahemiurus were identified. This paper reports on new host records for four species of hemiurids, adds a new record on the geographical distribution for one species, and provides the first DNA sequence data supplemented with the detailed description of morphology for five species. Phylogenetic analyses supported that the subfamily classifications of the Hemiuridae—based entirely on morphological characters—needs to be reconsidered, taking into account a wider range of information sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparison between rain gauge network and weather radar data in Angra dos Reis city, located in the State of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. The city has a high incidence of natural disasters, especially associated with heavy rains in densely populated areas. In this work, weather radar data with a spatial resolution of 1 km were obtained from dual-polarimetric S-band radar operated by the Environmental State Institute of Rio de Janeiro (INEA), located in the Guaratiba neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil; the rain gauge measurements were provided by the National Center for Monitoring and Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN), which is composed of a network with 30 rain gauges covering the studied area. The comparison between the two datasets enables the analysis of which radar products better fit the rain gauge network's accumulated rainfall by quantifying the uncertainties in precipitation estimates at radar pixels where rain gauges are located. The results indicated that radar products generated with the help of regression techniques obtained from the relation between radar reflectivities and rain gauge measurements were a better fit, constituting essential information while dealing with efficient regulation for rainfall monitoring and forecasting to minimize the risks associated with extreme events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the field of emotional mapping, and mapping more broadly, nonhuman things are often understood as mere instruments - they have utility but not agency to shape meaning-making. In this paper we experiment with a new method that aims to challenge the dualism between human and non-human things by bridging new materialism and participatory emotional mapping. We experimented with this “new materialist methodology” during a one-day workshop to explore residents’ spatio-emotional experiences in a disaster-affected favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Reflecting on this one-day workshop, we argue that materials with diverse colors, textures, shapes, densities, weights, and smells are key collaborators in emotional mapping. Materials have agency to invoke and evoke diverse emotions with past, present, and future temporalities, and which fall within and beyond the positive-negative emotion binary. Materials can facilitate conviviality and discussion amongst mapping participants, which enables participants to speak about their emotional-spatial experiences with more nuance and complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies the potential main social actors involved in and affected by the conservation and use of the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of Engenho Pequeno, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and discusses how environmental education can be shaped to engage them in participatory, socially progressive and environmentally sustainable management for that area. Therefore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals and entities related to the EPA. The snowball method complemented the mapping of non-official social actors. The discussion was based on the critical approach of environmental education, polycentric governance, adaptive management, environmental advocacy and case studies about education in protected areas. Results showed nine key stakeholders to be considered in a network program for the EPA's participatory management, including government, schools, local and nearby residents and religious groups. In the end, we recommend the hosting of a one day workshop, built around existing local and national environmental goals, as an entry point for trust building and the search for shared interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the Atlas of Human Development in Brazil, the income dimension of Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI-I) is an indicator that shows the population's ability in a municipality to ensure a minimum standard of living to provide their basic needs, such as water, food and shelter. In public policy, one of the research objectives is to identify social and economic variables that are associated with this index. Due to the income inequality, evaluate these associations in quantiles, instead of the mean, could be more interest. Thus, in this paper, we develop a Bayesian variable selection in quantile regression models with hierarchical random effects. In particular, we assume a likelihood function based on the Generalized Asymmetric Laplace distribution, and a spike-and-slab prior is used to perform variable selection. The Generalized Asymmetric Laplace distribution is a more general alternative than the Asymmetric Laplace one, which is a common approach used in quantile regression under the Bayesian paradigm. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated via a comprehensive simulation study, and it is applied to the MHDI-I from municipalities located in the state of Rio de Janeiro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper is the second part of a two-part paper addressing power system forecasting-aided state estimation. Part I presented a comprehensive survey on the subject, including future prospects. Part II is devoted to presentation and discussion of numerical results obtained with the implementation of a forecasting-aided state estimator in the energy management system of LIGHT Services of Electricity, which is company that supplies Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This estimator is submitted to different situations, such as: normal operating conditions, presence of spurious measurements (including those which are critical), and occurrence of unpredictable sudden changes in the state of the LIGHT system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Extensive ionospheric studies were conducted to support the initial phase of system design approval for the existing SLS‐4000 GBAS installed at Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport (formerly Galeão International Airport) (GIG) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This paper focuses on determining the broadcast value of the standard deviation of vertical ionospheric gradients (or σvig) that is required to bound ionospheric spatial gradients in Brazil under nominal conditions during daytime hours. The time‐step method is useful for gaining sufficient samples at distances less than the physical separation distance of ground stations and was utilized to estimate ionospheric spatial gradients. A new method called "geometric similarity" was developed to estimate ionospheric temporal gradients and evaluate the temporal effect added to the bounding σvig values. As a result, a σvig of 13 mm/km, including a temporal gradient contribution of approximately 2 mm/km, is conservative enough to bound ionospheric spatial decorrelation for daytime GBAS operations in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present paper intends to investigate if there is, and if it exists, the depth of the relationship between the consolidation of higher education in Brazil and the culture of higher education enforced nowadays. The first graduation course was inaugurated in 1808, with the foundation of the School of Surgery and Anatomy in Salvador and Rio de Janeiro, and until now, even after the proclamation of Brazilian independence, continues aiming to provide manpower skills to fulfill liberal and manpower skills for the state bureaucracy. The pragmatic disdain for areas considered futile or unnecessary in a State that aimed to reach a certain level of production and industrialization was not only present in colonial culture but also in public policies to promote courses and research between fields of study considered essential or nonessential, in the 21st century; as well as the centralization of chair decisions in the hands of the Emperor and the reserving of the rector's free choice by the head of the Executive (federal or state) are tangible remnants of an alienating national project. In order to achieve these objectives, historical studies will be analyzed on the discussions during the implementation of higher education courses in Brazil, as well as the courses authorized to operate and documents of university deliberations from the beginning of the 19th century, as well as the direction of the research funding notices launched, and public policies for access to higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: To ascertain whether factors of the family environment and gestational period are associated with the appearance of ADHD in children, as reported by various different informants (mothers and teachers). Methods: This paper presents results from the dataset of a longitudinal study to evaluate behavioral problems among schoolchildren in São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro State, in 2005 and 2006. The cross-section considered for this paper comprises records of exposure factors and ADHD. In all, 370 schoolchildren of the public school system were assessed by 3-stage cluster sampling. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Teacher Report Form (TRF) were used to measure outcomes. The exposure factors examined were: profile of child and mother, variables relating to the family environment, and perinatal considerations. The questions were answered by mothers and teachers. A hierarchical logistic regression model was used. Results: Precariously functioning families, lack of social support for mothers, adverse life events and discord during pregnancy were the factors associated with mother-reported ADHD. When ADHD was reported by teachers, the variables selected were: Intelligence quotient (IQ) and sex, with children with low IQ scores and boys more likely to display the disorder. Conclusions: Assessment of ADHD by teachers or mothers reveals specific characteristics that reflect how each of these informants understands the children. This highlights the importance of using informants from different environments in diagnosing the disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The art of estimating future values of a random process, based upon previously observed or estimated values, is usually known as a priori estimation, prediction, or forecasting. Power system state estimation process can be enhanced if state/measurement forecasts are incorporated into it. Important research efforts have been made in this direction bringing a fresh perspective to the state estimation problem. This paper (Part I) presents a comprehensive survey of forecasting-aided state estimators. It gathers up-covering a period of three decades-research results on the main benefits achieved by state estimators with forecasting capability regarding: data redundancy, innovation analysis, observability, filtering, bad data, and network configuration and parameter error processing. Aspects of modeling, forecasting techniques, and computational effort are also addressed. The second of this two-paper series presents the results of the implementation of a forecasting-aided state estimator in the energy management system of the LIGHT Services of Electricity, a company which provides electric energy to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The differential selection and assessment of knowledge is a key feature of medical practice. This paper presents a study of how doctors select and assess information in practice. Fourteen internal medicine professors from a relevant medical school in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were selected through preliminary interviews with medical students. The professors were subjected to open-ended interviews. The resulting material was interpreted through a conceptual framework derived from Ludwik Fleck, in order to establish the relevant elements of the thought style characteristic of the way they select and acquire new knowledge. The thought style that emerged from this set of interviews can be briefly characterized as a largely intuitive, pragmatic, result-oriented search of relevant (that is, potentially useful in practice) information. The doctors sought sources with academic credibility, but they maintained primary interest in practical, experiential knowledge. They also expressed a rather sceptical stance, at times bordering on cynicism. Despite this mistrust, doctors lack the resources (time, knowledge of technical aspects of research, particularly in terms of epidemiology and statistics) to effectively assess knowledge that is constantly being force-fed to them. This relative lack of resources is worsened, on one side, by the perception of medicine as subject to frequent and major changes, and on the other by the vastly disproportionate forces available to those who effectively produce and distribute such knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the interregional linkages and the relative intensity of CO2 emissions embedded into domestic and global value chains from Brazilian states. An extended environmentally interregional input-output model (EEIIO) was applied to measure the bilateral trade in value-added (TiVA) and the total implicit emissions trade (TTE). The results reveal unbalanced pollution patterns in space. Few manufacturing hubs in core Brazilian states (mainly São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) are net importers of intensive greenhouse gas (GHG) inputs from peripheries, implying an environmental responsibility driven by networks' governance and relative position. By recognizing the role that multiscalar integration plays in implicit CO2 in both production and trade, it is possible to build local strategies to reduce sustainable spatial gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last 20 years, extreme weather-related events like floods, landslides, droughts, and wildfires have caused the death of 1.23 million people and a loss of 2.97 trillion dollars. Studies show that low and lower-middle income countries are the most impacted ones given the lack of investment in disaster risk management. To reduce the impact of these events, weather researchers have been developing numerical weather models that inform public agencies about the impending extreme events in advance. Despite being powerful tools, these models can suffer from several sources of uncertainty, ranging from the approximation of micro-scale physical processes to the location-dependent calibration of parameters, which is especially critical in developing countries. To minimize uncertainty effects, researchers generate several different weather scenarios to compose an ensemble of simulations that typically are inspected using manual, laborious, and error-prone approaches. In this paper, we propose an interactive visual analytics system, called X-Weather , developed in close collaboration with weather researchers from Brazil. Our system contributes a set of statistics and probability-based visualizations that allows the assessment of extreme weather events by effortlessly navigating through and comparing ensemble members. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the system through two case studies analyzing tragic events that happened in the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. [Display omitted] • Our visualizations help identify extreme weather scenarios in large simulation ensembles. • Our web-based system enables the investigation of individual weather ensemble members. • Two case studies highlight our system's utility by analyzing extreme weather events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the development of an empirical study over the Comfort Zone (2004; 2006; 2018), shedding light on the role played by emotions in empowering learners to confidently interact in English classes at a public university in Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil. The theoretical framework was based on the concept of the Comfort Zone (2004; 2006; 2018); and that of emotions (ARAGÃO, 2004; 2011; BARCELOS, 2018; MATURANA, 2002; ZEMBYLAS 2004; 2018). This qualitative and interpretive study (DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2006; LINCOLN; GUBA, 2006) used an individual questionnaire, field observations, individual participants' reports of observation of classes and peers' performance, individual exploratory conversations and an ethnographic group interview (ERICKSON, 1986) for debriefing, and a final individual diary of participants as tools for data collection. Results display a range of emotions impacting learners' performance in interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study is based on an investigation into the Brazilian anti-doping policy, with a specific focus on the establishment and operational mechanisms of the Brazilian Doping Control Authority (ABCD), under the auspices of the Ministry of Sport (ME). The objective was to describe how Brazilian national policy (general political decisions, interests of parties or particular politicians/agents) affects the fight against doping and, vice versa, how the harmonization process controlled by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) affects national sports policy. A multi-sited ethnographic study was undertaken, involving field diary practices, interviews and document analysis. Adopting the perspective of pragmatic sociology, this study delves into the descriptions of three key periods in the recent history of anti-doping in Brazil: the creation of ABCD and the dissolution of ANAD (National Anti-Doping Agency), the realization of the first 100 anti-doping tests by the ABCD (critical period for its members who managed to keep away ex-officers from ANAD) and the impeachment of the Brazilian president in 2016 (ex-officers from ANAD took over the direction of the ABCD). Our analysis allowed us to conclude that 'diverting others from decision-making spheres' comprised a political strategy to occupy spaces of power or to stabilize itself in them, which, in this case, allowed the control of anti-doping actions in the country. Local protagonists tried to make use of international injunctions and pressure or local political events to achieve these goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report the first isolation of Hanseniaspora opuntiae obtained from four pregnant women in Brazil. Clinical isolates were obtained from four samples taken between 35 and 37 gestational weeks, as part of the routine antenatal care for maternal colonization screening for Streptococcus agalactiae group B. The patients were immunocompetent, with two of them diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Species identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS and rDNA sequencing. While Hanseniaspora species have not traditionally been considered a typical opportunist pathogen, our findings emphasize the importance of investigating and screening for Hanseniaspora in pregnant populations, highlighting H. opuntiae as a potential agent of human infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban crime is a pressing issue in socially unequal regions like Brazil. We investigate the complex relationships between crime, victims, and urban situations in Rio de Janeiro. We analyze the connections between specific types of crime, victim characteristics, and crime locations through complex network analysis. In a large-scale empirical study, we examine 5000 randomly selected crime incidents in Rio between 2007 and 2018. Our analysis reveals a strong association between sex, race, location, and income inequality in the risk of exposure to crime. The results suggest that specific social groups, notably black and brown women, face a higher-than-average vulnerability to particular types of crime in Rio. Our investigation confirms our hypothesis that crime incidents are not random occurrences. Instead, we have discovered meaningful connections between specific types of crime, victim characteristics, and crime locations. These findings indicate a pattern of underlying factors shaping the distribution of crime and vulnerable social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In previous papers, faunistic and preliminary taxonomic data on the gastrotrich communities along the coastline of the Brazilian states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro were reported; among the over 40 records, the occurrence of several species new to science was highlighted. One of such new taxa is described here based on observation carried out on living and SEM prepared specimens. Pseudostomella dolichopoda sp. n. (Gastrotricha: Thaumastodermatidae) is the only species in the genus that attains 420 µm in total length, is covered by pentancres and possesses, among others, caudal pedicles up to 45 µm in length. Additional differences with co-generic taxa characterized by a pentancrous covering are discussed. Furthermore, a key to the described Pseudostomella species of the world based on easily discernible traits, visible in both living and formalin-fixed specimens, is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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