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2. Discussion Paper: Making and Assessing Claims of Scholarship and Scholarly Activity
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Australian Government Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA)
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As part of its regulatory roles, the Australian Government Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) is required to assess evidence of 'scholarship' that is put forward by providers, whether evidence of scholarship by individuals, such as teaching staff within the provider, or for the provider as a whole. TEQSA is seeking to review whether its current approach to assessing claims of scholarship and scholarly activity (as described in the Guidance Note on Scholarship) is adequate, or if the approach needs to be reconceptualised. The purpose of this discussion paper is to set out, for consideration by the sector and other stakeholders, draft principles that are proposed to guide providers in making claims related to scholarship, and to inform TEQSA's assessments of such claims. TEQSA's Guidance Note describes 'scholarship' as 'activities concerned with gaining new or improved understanding, appreciation and insights into a field of knowledge, and engaging with and keeping up to date with advances in the field.' This includes advances in ways of teaching and learning in the field and advances in professional practice, as well as advances in disciplinary knowledge through original research.' This discussion paper proposes a set of principles that would guide providers when offering evidence of their capacity to meet the requirements of the Higher Education Standards (HES) Framework in relation to scholarship. [For "Guidance Note: Scholarship. Version 2.5," see ED610488.]
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- 2020
3. Adaptable Leadership: What It Takes to Be a Quick-Change Artist. White Paper
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Center for Creative Leadership and Calarco, Allan
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In today's business world, change and disruption are the new normal. It's not uncommon for companies, industries, and even the world at large to be turned upside down seemingly overnight. With the fast pace of change, adaptable leadership is no longer just an asset, it's a necessity. Executives who display adaptable leadership seek new and innovative ways to solve problems, master new skills, and view disruption as a challenge rather than a threat -- skills needed to prevail through uncertain times. Adaptable leadership is a term that's used often without a concrete definition or understanding of what it is. In this white paper we'll clarify what it means to be adaptable, and the 3 behaviors that our research at CCL has identified as critical. As a result, you'll be able to approach adaptable leadership in a more practical way and establish a foundation for recognizing and developing the skill in yourself and others on your team.
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- 2020
4. Apprenticeship in Brief. A Discussion Paper
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Committee for Economic Development of The Conference Board (CED) and Cheney, Gretchen Rhines
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A growing number of U.S. companies across a range of industries are designing apprenticeship programs to give workers access to on-the-job learning opportunities that allow them to transition into in-demand jobs and careers. This discussion paper provides a snapshot of the current state of apprenticeship in the United States based on interviews with national experts and key stakeholders engaged in apprenticeship implementation, including employers, community colleges, unions, and intermediaries. It explores what is needed to build successful programs and highlights current federal and state policy efforts to encourage registered apprenticeship expansion, noting barriers and lessons learned. Four recommendations for how to grow registered apprenticeship opportunities in the United States are: (1) Provide standardized models; (2) Reduce complexity; (3) Measure Value; and (4) Learn from Innovative Models. A sidebar presents examples of state incentives and supports for apprenticeship programs in Colorado, Maryland, and South Carolina. [This paper was produced with funding from the Nestlé USA corporation.]
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- 2017
5. Integrating China in the International Consortium for Personalised Medicine: a position paper on innovation and digitalization in Personalized Medicine
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Beccia, Flavia, Di Marcantonio, Marzia, Causio, Francesco Andrea, Schleicher, Lena, Wang, Lili, Cadeddu, Chiara, Ricciardi, Walter, and Boccia, Stefania
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. 3 Crucial Behaviors for Successfully Leading Innovation. White Paper
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Center for Creative Leadership and Mitchell, Michael T.
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Does innovation matter? In a 2015 survey, the authors asked the Center for Creative Leadership (CCL®) clients about innovation. Not surprisingly, nearly all of them--94%--said that innovation is important. People are living in a time when technology is advancing at a blistering pace, creating new possibilities for individuals and organizations that could hardly have been imagined a generation ago. The global political and economic environment is also shifting faster than ever, often moving in unpredictable directions. It seems clear that innovation will be a defining trait--perhaps the defining trait--of those organizations that thrive over the next few decades. In this white paper, the authors lay out the essential leadership behaviors that are required to successfully lead innovation. To better understand those behaviors, the authors interviewed people on the front lines of innovation work and interviewed their bosses. The authors looked closely at the interactions between bosses and those responsible for driving innovation, investigating which boss behaviors encouraged their direct reports and which discouraged them. The interview subjects came from various industries, and all had been involved in multiple, successful initiative projects. From those interviews, the authors identified the critical leadership behaviors exhibited during successful innovation efforts, as well as behaviors that worked against innovation. The lessons from these interviews are broadly applicable to managers at multiple levels. But the authors are especially focused on the leaders charged with overseeing innovation projects--often in addition to other responsibilities--and those working on and directing innovation projects on a day-to-day basis. The actual job titles these individuals hold vary widely from one organization to the next, so for simplicity the authors are calling leaders who oversee innovation projects "leaders." Those working in and directing that innovation work on a day-to-day basis and reporting to those leaders are labeled as "innovation managers."
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- 2017
7. Development and Assessment of Intercultural Engagement. TLTC Paper No. 1. CRLT Occasional Paper No. 32
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University of Michigan, Center for Research on Learning and Teaching (CRLT), Kusano, Stephanie M., Conger, Amy J., and Wright, Mary C.
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Students need to develop a variety of critical thinking and interpersonal skills in order to contribute successfully to today's increasingly globalized world. The Office of the Provost at the University of Michigan has implemented a plan known as Transforming Learning for a Third Century (TLTC) as part of its broader Third Century Initiative. This plan aims to foster development of such skills, with special emphasis on five distinct learning goals: (1) Creativity; (2) Intercultural engagement; (3) Social/civic responsibility and ethical reasoning; (4) Communication, collaboration, and teamwork; and (5) Self-agency, and the ability to innovate and take risks. The intercultural engagement goal is focused on fostering students' understanding of the role of values and culture in driving decisions, and supporting students as they develop the flexibility to work with others who have different values. More so than any previous generation, it is important for the University of Michigan to offer students opportunities to practice communicating and working with others from many different cultures and background experiences in intelligent, productive, and respectful ways. Aligned with previous TLTC Occasional Papers, this paper begins with a discussion of what intercultural engagement means and how it is conceptualized in the literature, followed by a discussion of the importance of this goal for student development. A summary of different approaches to promote intercultural engagement will then be offered. This paper concludes with an examination of how to assess these skills with an emphasis on choosing appropriate measures.
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- 2016
8. Development and Assessment of Self-Agency and the Ability to Innovate and Take Risks. TLTC Paper No. 3. CRLT Occasional Paper No. 34
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University of Michigan, Center for Research on Learning and Teaching (CRLT), Kusano, Stephanie M., Wright, Mary C., and Conger, Amy J.
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The Transforming Learning for the Third Century (TLTC) initiative funds projects that seek to promote students' self-agency and their ability to innovate and take risks. The Provost Task Teams on Engaged Learning and Digital Instruction define this learning goal as follows: "Students must know how to observe the opportunities and capacities of human communities, understand where new or existing ideas or systems could bring value within those communities, and be able to act effectively in order to drive sustained and positive change to provide that value" (Third Century Initiative Student Learning, http://thirdcentury.umich.edu/ student-learning/). This paper begins by defining the interrelated concepts of self-agency, innovation, and risk-taking. After discussing the relevance of these capacities for student development, effective approaches to fostering them will be offered. The paper concludes with a selection of appropriate measures for assessing these outcomes.
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- 2016
9. No Frills: Refereed Papers. National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference (24th, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Jul 6-8, 2015)
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research and Jackson, Laura
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The 24th National Vocational Education and Training Research Conference, colloquially known as "No Frills", was held in July 2015.The conference highlighted research across three major themes:(1) youth: engaging, inspiring and supporting students to realise their potential; (2) pathways: transitioning through education and training into the workforce; and (3) skills: working with industry and employers to improve education and training. The presentations provided delegates with diverse insights from government, academic and employer perspectives on the key issues confronting the vocational education and training (VET) sector. A select few speakers at the conference were also offered the opportunity to have their papers peer-reviewed, and these five refereed papers have been compiled to make up this book of conference proceedings. The papers examine: the diversity of VET providers and the needs of students; initiatives designed to improve the capabilities of VET practitioners; how skills contribute to innovation, and the implications of this in terms of return on investment; the impact of VET students transitioning directly into second year university and how these students can best be supported; and the learning preferences of VET students (specifically enrolled nurses), how they differ by comparison with university students and the consequent implications. The hope is that these papers will provide an insight into the array of topics presented at the "No Frills" conferences and generate interest in attending future conferences. Contents include: (1) Profiling the institutional diversity of VET providers in Australia, across four broad dimensions (Peter Bentley, Leo Goedegebuure and Ruth Schubert); (2) Understanding the needs of VET students articulating to second-year university (Mark Symmons, Paul Kremer, and Alvin Rendell); (3) Learning preferences of Enrolled Nursing students: Educational preparation and training for workplace readiness (Kalpana Raghunathan, Sonia Allen, and Elisabeth Jacob); (4) Improving VET teachers' skills and their approach to professional learning (Anne Dening); and (5) Skills needed for innovation: A review (Michael Walsh). [Individual papers contain references. This conference was cohosted by the University of Western Sydney, TAFE: Western Sydney Institute, WSI, and TAFE: South Western Sydney Institute.]
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- 2016
10. Development and Assessment of Student Creativity. TLTC Paper No. 2. CRLT Occasional Paper No. 33
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University of Michigan, Center for Research on Learning and Teaching (CRLT), Hallman, Samantha K., Wright, Mary C., and Conger, Amy J.
- Abstract
Students need to develop a variety of critical thinking and interpersonal skills in order to contribute successfully to today's increasingly globalized world. The Office of the Provost at the University of Michigan has implemented a plan known as Transforming Learning for a Third Century (TLTC) as part of its broader Third Century Initiative. This plan aims to foster development of such skills, with special emphasis on five distinct learning goals: (1) creativity; (2) intercultural engagement; (3) social/civic responsibility and ethical reasoning; (4) communication, collaboration and teamwork; and (5) self-agency, and the ability to innovate and take risks. The TLTC learning goal, Creativity, focuses on developing educational opportunities to foster students' creative processes and capacities to create new works and ideas. This goal also seeks to promote an understanding that creativity is not a rare gift to the few, but a fundamental human trait that can be developed and expanded. This paper begins with a review of the various ways in which creativity has been conceptualized and a discussion of the importance of creativity. It then goes on to briefly summarize different approaches to fostering creativity among students and ends with a discussion on how to assess creativity, with an emphasis on choosing appropriate measures.
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- 2016
11. VET Research for Industry. Conference Paper
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research and Karmel, Tom
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This paper was a keynote address at the Australian Vocational Education and Training Research Association (AVETRA) conference held in Canberra in April 2012. The author notes that industry is arguably the key stakeholder in the Australian vocational education and training (VET) sector, but is not a single actor nor a disinterested consumer of training. Rather, industry consists of a range of bodies, all of whom are active players in the sector. The paper discusses six areas of research which are pertinent to industry. These areas are: (1) the value of completing an apprenticeship or traineeship; (2) the role of wages in completion rates for apprenticeships and traineeships; (3) the value of completion of VET qualifications; (4) the level of matching between what people are training in and the jobs they get; (5) the role of VET in innovation; and (6) VET and workforce development. All of this research raises questions about VET and industry, either in terms of how public training funds are allocated or the educational principles on which VET is based. In particular, the major points made are that the value of training is quite variable and this should be a consideration in its public funding, and the narrow industry focus of VET needs to be leavened with more general education. (Contains 5 tables, 8 figures and 2 footnotes.)
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- 2012
12. Knowledge Based Economic Areas and Flagship Universities: A Look at the New Growth Ecosystems in the US and California. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.9.16
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education and Douglass, John Aubrey
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The acceptance of new growth theory relates, in part, to a number of highly touted regional success stories--or what I term "Knowledge Based Economic Areas" (KBEAs) in this and past essays. The United States, and California in particular, is viewed as perhaps the most robust creators of KBEAs, providing an influential model that is visited and revisited by business and government leaders, and other Flagship (or leading national) universities, that wish to replicate their strengths within their own cultural and political terms. While California has a number of unique characteristics, including a robust University of California system with a strong internal academic culture and devotion to public service, the story of its historical and contemporary success as an agent of economic development is closely linked to a number of key contextual factors. These relate to the internal culture, governance and management capacity of major universities in the United States, national investment patterns in R&D, the business environment, including the concentration of Knowledge Based Businesses, the acceptance of risk, and the availability of venture capital, legal variables related to Intellectual Property (IP) and tax policies, the quality of regional workforces, and quality of life factors that are important components for attracting and retaining talent. In most of these KBEAs variables, California has enjoyed an advantage that helps to partially explain the success of the University of California (UC) and other major research universities as agents of economic development. This study focuses on seven contextual variables common to all KBEAs in the United States and much of the world, and with particular attention to the UC system--a network of ten research-intensive campuses. General Principles for a University Governing Board Association of Governing Boards (AGB) are appended.
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- 2016
13. Please Don't Aim for a Highly Cited Paper
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Calver, Michael C.
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Citation-based metrics are important in determining careers, so it is unsurprising that recent publications advise prospective authors on how to write highly cited papers. While such publications offer excellent advice on structuring and presenting manuscripts, there are significant downsides, including: restrictions in the topics researched, incentives to misconduct and possible detriments to motivation, innovation and collegiality. Guides to writing highly cited papers also assume that all citations are equal, ignoring new directions in bibliometric research identifying "quality" and perfunctory citations. Rather than pursuing citations, with the uncertainty about their significance and the potential negative consequences, authors may fare better by following evidence from several disciplines indicating that persistence, a focused research program, good methodology and publishing in relevant journals are more important in career development and disciplinary influence than the odd star paper. Research administrators could encourage such steps by considering innovative new multivariate assessments of research productivity, including assessing social impact.
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- 2015
14. International Academic Mobility: Towards a Concentration of the Minds in Europe. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.3.14
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education and van der Wende, Marijk
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The global competition and related international academic mobility in science and research is rising. Within this context, Europe faces quantitative skills shortages, including an estimate of between 800,000 and one million researchers. Within Europe skills imbalances and mismatches increase, with a growing divergence between countries and regions, in particular between the North and South, in terms of their ability to invest and attract human and financial capital for R&D. As a result intra-European mobility is not only on the rise, but may easily turn from an intended brain circulation into a brain drain--brain gain situation. From a qualitative perspective solutions to the skills shortages and imbalances relevant to science and innovation require the training of a broad mix of skills, which is currently provided to only in a minority of students in European higher education institutions and programmes. Will the intra-European flows of human and financial capital for R&D result in a further concentration of the minds in a limited number of regions or hubs in Europe? Is this (un)avoidable or (un)desirable? The further concentration of talent appears to be Europe's fate. These forces play out quite differently across the various disciplinary fields. In general the "STEM fields" (including engineering, natural, life and medical sciences) are already most internationalized and especially their experimental branches require the highest concentration of financial and human resources for large-scale and high-tech research infrastructure. The current combination of mobility and funding flows and trends seems to cause an increasing concentration of especially high-tech research capacity (in the natural and life sciences) in a limited number of regional hubs, which is likely to the detriment of the broad comprehensive profile of universities in certain weaker regions and countries in Europe. Those institutions may have to choose more specialized profiles, focusing more on less (human and financial) capital intensive fields in the social sciences and the humanities.
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- 2015
15. Protocol paper: Needs analysis for the development of innovation competence in higher education remote learning environments
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Juan A. Marin-Garcia, Fernando González-Ladrón-de-Guevara, Beatriz Garcia-Ortega, Cristina Santandreu-Mascarell, Lorena Atarés, Lourdes E. Aznar-Mas, Marta Fernandez Diego, Emilio Insfran, Silva Mara Abrahao, and Amable Juarez-Tarraga
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protocol paper ,needs analysis ,remote learning ,challenge ,higher education ,soft skills ,innovation ,competence ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 ,Personnel management. Employment management ,HF5549-5549.5 - Abstract
This work adheres to the recommendations for publication in three steps (Marin-Garcia, 2021). We propose a protocol to develop research the objective of which is to analyze the needs and challenges, as perceived by university lecturers, related to teaching, learning, or assessing competencies related to the innovative capacity of students in an array of digital remote teaching contexts. In this sense, we want to consider situations where teachers watch their students interact with each other. The interaction between students can occur face-to-face or remotely and, in the latter case, either synchronous or asynchronous. In addition, teacher observation can be done synchronously (face-to-face or remotely) or by watching a previously recorded video.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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16. Workforce Development: Employment Retention and Advancement Under TANF. Technical Paper.
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Center for Law and Social Policy, Washington, DC. and Patel, Nisha
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In this report, employment retention and advancement under Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) was examined by reviewing research findings regarding labor market development since 1996. According to the research, most of those moving from welfare to work have found employment in low-wage jobs and experienced frequent job losses and limited upward mobility. The following were among the factors deemed predictive of employment retention among welfare leavers: starting off in higher-paying jobs; working steadily, initially; and finding jobs with benefits. Factors predictive of job advancement included starting off with higher-paying jobs, changing jobs strategically and voluntarily (but not too often), and having or acquiring higher basic skills and postsecondary education or training. The following were among the recommendations offered for federal policymakers: (1) expand TANF to include reducing family poverty and promoting family economic well-being; (2) require that states' TANF plans describe how federal TANF funds and other resources will be used to promote employment retention and advancement; (3) if federal work participation rates are not replaced by outcome-based measures, give states broad flexibility to determine the nature of work activities; and (4) require that federal agencies vigorously monitor state and local implementation of civil rights and employment rights protections afforded under current law. (Contains 31 endnotes.) (MN)
- Published
- 2001
17. Integrating China in the International Consortium for Personalised Medicine: a position paper on innovation and digitalization in Personalized Medicine
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Flavia Beccia, Marzia Di Marcantonio, Francesco Andrea Causio, Lena Schleicher, Lili Wang, Chiara Cadeddu, Walter Ricciardi, and Stefania Boccia
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European Union ,China ,Big Data ,ICT solutions ,Innovation ,funding ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background The advent of Personalized Medicine (PM) holds significant promise in revolutionizing healthcare by tailoring treatments to individual patients based on their data. However, its successful implementation requires the seamless integration of innovative technologies and presents formidable challenges in terms of sustainability. To tackle these challenges head-on, the International Consortium for Personalized Medicine (ICPerMed) was established, and the IC2PerMed project, as part of this consortium, seeks to foster collaboration between the European Union (EU) and China in the field of Personalized Medicine. Based on the results collected by the project, the objective of this study is to discern the key priorities for the implementation of Personalised Medicine concerning Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Big Data and digital solutions, with a particular emphasis on data management and protection. Methods A Delphi survey was conducted to gather expert’s consensus on the main priorities for actions on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Big Data and digital solutions in the field of Personalized Medicine. Results The survey identified seven priorities in the area of Big Data and digital solutions, including data interoperability, standards, security measures, and international partnerships. Additionally, twelve priorities were identified for the innovation-to-market process, emphasizing cost-effectiveness, need assessment, and value definition in resource allocation. Conclusions The effective implementation of new technologies in Personalized Medicine research and practice is essential for the advancement of healthcare systems in both the European and Chinese contexts. The identified priorities play a pivotal role in promoting the sustainability of health systems and driving innovation in the implementation of Personalized Medicine. Addressing challenges related to data interoperability, standards, security, international collaboration, cost-effectiveness, and value assessment is of utmost importance in order to propel the progress of Personalized Medicine in healthcare systems.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Annual Proceedings of Selected Research and Development Papers Presented at the Annual Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (36th, Anaheim, California, 2013). Volume 2
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Association for Educational Communications and Technology and Simonson, Michael
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For the thirty-sixth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Anaheim, California. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 1, see ED546877.]
- Published
- 2013
19. Innovative Financing for Global Education. ESP Working Paper Series. 2013 No. 58
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Open Society Foundations (OSF), Education Support Program (ESP), Filipp, Robert, and Lerer, Leonard
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Innovative financing is a growing prospect and priority in the education sector, where over 57 million children and youth do not have access to schools, and the funding gap for achieving basic education for all is estimated at $26 billion. It has made a significant difference in meeting the UN Millennium Development Goals, especially in health, by generating more than $7 billion in additional financial resources through a range of new institutions and partnerships. This paper presents a comprehensive and practical analysis of the current state of innovative financing in global education. The report argues that education is a complex sector characterized by significant barriers to investment. But it also suggests how to break through these barriers using innovative financing such as solidarity levies and private sector investments through a global education investment bank. This research, carried out by the Innovative Finance Foundation, is part of the Open Society Education Support Program's efforts to identify innovative financing mechanisms and approaches that can increase the availability and allocation of resources for education systems. [This report was written with contributions by Diego Filmus and Taya L. Owens.]
- Published
- 2013
20. Trends in VET Policy in Europe 2010-12: Progress towards the Bruges Communique. Working Paper No. 16
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, van Loo, Jasper, and Schmid, Eleonora
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European countries have set themselves 22 specific goals by 2014 to support their long-term vision for vocational education and training (VET). This report is a first step in understanding progress by mid-2012 towards these goals, endorsed in 2010 in the Bruges communique to help achieve the Europe 2020 agenda. Attention has clearly focused on helping young people remain in, and return to, education and training through work-based learning routes. Building on their joint work in the last decade, countries have advanced in setting up qualifications frameworks and devising approaches to assure quality in VET, but much work is still in the planning stage. More attention to the professional development of VET staff, better monitoring of VET labour market outcomes, and considering incentives where appropriate, could help progress in the coming years. Appended are: (1) ECVET coordination points, EQF coordination points, EQAVET national reference points; and (2) Acronyms and definitions. (Contains 21 tables, 9 figures, 4 boxes and 26 footnotes.) [Additional support for this paper was provided by the the Copenhagen Working Group and the Cypriot Presidency.]
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- 2012
21. Workforce Skills and Innovation: An Overview of Major Themes in the Literature. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 55
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Toner, Phillip
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This paper provides an account of the main approaches, debates and evidence in the literature on the role of workforce skills in the innovation process in developed economies. It draws on multiple sources including the innovation studies discipline, neoclassical Human Capital theory, institutionalist labour market studies and the work organisation discipline. Extensive use is also made of official survey data to describe and quantify the diversity of skills and occupations involved in specific types of innovation activities. The principal debates within the literature are outlined and evaluated. These debates centre on the definition of "skill"; the idea of generic "skills for innovation"; the contribution of skills supply in promoting innovation; the apparent paradox of simultaneous skill shortages and "over-qualification" in the workforce; the notion of "high or low-skill equilibrium"; how industry and training systems balance the demands for workers to acquire firm-specific skills of immediate value in the market against more general skills and knowledge that may be relevant to a broader range of firms and technologies over a working life; the role of different work organisation systems in promoting and utilising workforce skills and whether technical change is fundamentally biased towards demanding higher level workforce skills. The paper identifies a number of major findings in the literature. First, the predominant form of innovation in firms is incremental, and this points to the central role of the broader workforce in the generation, adaptation and diffusion of technical and organisational change. Second, achieving high academic standards within a country for the largest proportion of school students not only supports high participation in post school education and training but creates a workforce with greater potential to engage productively with innovation. Third, the extent to which a firm's workforce actively engages strongly determined by particular work organisation practices. Finally, there are large differences across advanced nations in workforce skill formation systems, especially for vocational skills. Such differences result in large disparities across nations in the share of their workforce with formal vocational qualifications, and in the level of these qualifications. The resulting differences in the quantity and quality of workforce skills are a major factor in determining the observed patterns of innovation and key aspects of economic performance. (Contains 7 tables, 1 figure and 40 endnotes.)
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- 2011
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22. Linking Assessment and Instruction: Teacher Preparation and Professional Development. TQ Connection Issue Paper
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National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality and Hosp, John L.
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The purpose of this Issue Paper is to provide a framework and justification for effective ways that teachers can collect and use assessment data to make instructional decisions. This framework is provided as an indication of what effective linking of assessment data to instructional decisions "ought" to look like--rather than a summary or survey of current practices. The framework and respective Innovation Configuration for Linking Assessment and Instruction in Teacher Preparation and Professional Development (provided in the Appendix, pages 31-34) are primarily designed to provide a blueprint for preservice teacher preparation; however, they also may be used as an evaluation rubric or development guide for inservice professional development. Although many schools and districts may not currently have in place the practices discussed in this Issue Paper, these practices are strongly endorsed by the requirements of the 2002 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)--also known as the No Child Left Behind Act--and the competitive grants to states that were made available through the Race to the Top Fund. This paper begins with a discussion of why assessment and instruction should be linked. It continues with an overview of the innovation configuration, describing essential components in preservice and inservice teacher training to identify the skills and competencies that teachers need to make sound decisions about using assessment information to improve instruction. Next, the major points within the innovation configuration are provided, with a rationale for their importance and elaboration of some of their core characteristics. Last, recommendations are provided regarding how the components of the innovation configuration might be included in teacher preparation and professional development practices. (Contains 2 figures.)
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- 2010
23. The Quandaries of Basic Skills in Community Colleges: Views from the Classroom. An NCPR Working Paper
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National Center for Postsecondary Research (ED) and Grubb, W. Norton
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Basic skills courses are designed to teach students certain basic academic competencies they have not mastered. However, very little research has examined the quality of instruction inside basic skills classes. This paper presents preliminary findings from observations in 13 California community colleges. The clearest finding is that "remedial pedagogy" predominates--this is a pedagogy involving drill and practice on small sub-skills, stressing correct answers rather than conceptual understanding, with very little contextualization. Innovation usually occurs when individual instructors develop idiosyncratic practices or in the few cases where departments have organized to develop non-remedial approaches, but the college is rarely the locus of innovation. In addition, basic skills students are enormously heterogeneous, complicating the challenges of instruction, and most student support seems relatively weak. These findings help to explain why basic skills instruction is so often ineffective. Appended are: (1) Figures; and (2) The UCB/RP Study of Basic Skills in California Community Colleges. (Contains 2 figures and 26 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2010
24. Group of Eight Response to DIISR Consultation Paper: 'Meeting Australia's Research Workforce Needs'
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Group of Eight (Australia)
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The Group of Eight (Go8) welcomes the Government's commitment to developing a comprehensive research workforce strategy. Australia's research capacity and the continuing translation of research into policy, products and services is directly linked to the future productivity of the economy, social wellbeing, environmental outcomes and the nation's long-term prosperity. The "Meeting Australia's research workforce needs" consultation paper provides a useful starting point for discussions on Australia's research workforce needs but the Go8 believes that some issues will need to receive more attention in the final strategy to ensure it is comprehensive and well targeted. In particular, the paper gives insufficient attention to: (1) the quality of both the research workforce and of the research training experience--increasing the size of the research work force will not be sufficient in itself to keep Australia competitive; (2) interdependencies between the research workforce and other parts of the innovation system, including schools and research users; (3) the roles and importance of research-trained people in the broader workforce including in industry and government; (4) the need for a whole of government approach and the removal of inconsistencies between the proposed strategy and other policies and programs (for example in relation to visas) that could impede its implementation; and (5) the dependence of the strategy on increased and better targeted funding and a concentration of capability (talent and infrastructure). A number of important actions have been identified which if adopted would be positive steps in helping to build Australia's research capacity and would help Go8 universities in managing their research training programs. (Contains 2 figures, 1 table, and 10 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2010
25. Preparing Teachers of English Language Learners. TQ Connection Issue Paper
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National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality, McGraner, Kristin L., and Saenz, Laura
- Abstract
More than 5 million English language learners (ELLs) attend school in the United States (Ballantyne, Sanderman, & Levy, 2008). This population has increased by approximately 57 percent during the last decade, drawing sharp attention to the individual and instructional needs of students who are nonnative speakers of English (Ballantyne et al., 2008). With the rising number of ELLs in American classrooms, general "mainstream" teachers will undoubtedly teach a student who is not proficient in English and therefore unable to access the academic curriculum. These mainstream teachers are expected to teach academic content and raise student achievement while simultaneously developing ELL students' facility in and command of the English language. Emerging research indicates that mainstream teachers are ill equipped to effectively teach ELL students and have little access to preservice and inservice education focused on what to teach and how to teach this underserved population (Ballantyne et al., 2008; Hollins & Guzman, 2005). Coupled with these expectations are the challenges in making sense of the highly politicized debates over English-only and bilingual instruction. For these reasons, preparing effective teachers for this complex classroom and policy environment is critical and the role of teacher education programs is paramount. This Issue Paper presents a review of the policy environment for ELL instruction and the preparation of mainstream teachers to address the needs of ELL students. It also describes the key features of effective instructional practices for ensuring ELL students' learning of academic content supported by empirical evidence. Finally, the paper presents the Innovation Configuration for Preparing Mainstream Teachers of ELL Students, a tool for evaluating mainstream teacher preparation programs and inservice professional development. Appendix includes: Innovation Configuration for Preparing Mainstream Teachers of ELL Students.
- Published
- 2009
26. Automatic Literature Mapping Selection: Classification of Papers on Industry Productivity.
- Author
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Bispo, Guilherme Dantas, Vergara, Guilherme Fay, Saiki, Gabriela Mayumi, Martins, Patrícia Helena dos Santos, Coelho, Jaqueline Gutierri, Rodrigues, Gabriel Arquelau Pimenta, Oliveira, Matheus Noschang de, Mosquéra, Letícia Rezende, Gonçalves, Vinícius Pereira, Neumann, Clovis, and Serrano, André Luiz Marques
- Subjects
INDUSTRY classification ,PAPER industry ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,DATABASES ,CLASSIFICATION algorithms ,ELECTRONIC publications - Abstract
The academic community has witnessed a notable increase in paper publications, whereby the rapid pace at which modern society seeks information underscores the critical need for literature mapping. This study introduces an innovative automatic model for categorizing articles by subject matter using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for classification and category labeling, alongside a proposed ranking method called SSS (Scientific Significance Score) and using Z-score to select the finest papers. This paper's use case concerns industry productivity. The key findings include the following: (1) The Decision Tree model demonstrated superior performance with an accuracy rate of 75% in classifying articles within the productivity and industry theme. (2) Through a ranking methodology based on citation count and publication date, it identified the finest papers. (3) Recent publications with higher citation counts achieved better scores. (4) The model's sensitivity to outliers underscores the importance of addressing database imbalances, necessitating caution during training by excluding biased categories. These findings not only advance the utilization of ML models for paper classification but also lay a foundation for further research into productivity within the industry, exploring themes such as artificial intelligence, efficiency, industry 4.0, innovation, and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Universities, the US High Tech Advantage, and the Process of Globalization. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.8.2008
- Author
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University of California, Berkeley, Center for Studies in Higher Education and Douglass, John Aubrey
- Abstract
Research universities throughout the world are part of a larger effort by nation-states to bolster science and technological innovation and compete economically. The US remains highly competitive as a source of High Tech (HT) innovation because of a number of market positions, many the result of long term investments in institutions such as research universities and in R&D funding, and more broadly influenced by a political culture that has tended to support entrepreneurs and risk taking. In essence, the US was the first mover in pursuing the nexus of science and economic policy. The following essay places universities within this larger political and policy environment by discussing market factors that have influenced knowledge accumulation and HT innovation in the US, their current saliency in the face of globalization, and the growing market position of competitors, such as the EU. The paper also provides observations on major US state-based HT initiatives intended to create or sustain Knowledge Based Economic Areas (KBEAs). Thirteen variables are used to assess the overall comparative ability for creating KBEAs, including the vitality of regional and national research universities, patterns of R&D investment, access to venture capital, intellectual property laws, educational attainment levels of the workforce, access and retention of global labor force, and political interest and forms of government support for promoting science and technology. Among the papers conclusions: There is a large disconnect in US policy related to promoting KBEAs and national competitiveness. Few policymakers, or even the higher education community are aware of stagnant and, in some states, real declines in higher education access and graduation rates relative to economic competitors, that the US is no longer a net importer of high tech goods, or that the US is no longer the number one destination for international students. Combined with global changes in the market for S&T talent, and the significant and increasingly successful effort of competitors to increase the educational attainment of their population, the US's HT advantage is eroding--although there remain a number of strengths, chiefly related to an entrepreneurial culture, more conducive tax advantages for business, a cadre of elite research universities, and the highest concentration of venture capital in the world. But even here, these advantages may wane over the next decade as the world becomes more economically, and educationally, competitive. The US generally lacks a broadly conceived strategy for retaining America's high tech advantage. "A Sample of the Frenzy of State Initiatives: 2007" is appended. (Contains 17 figures and 37 notes.) [A version of this working paper was presented at the OECD conference, "Globally Competitive, Locally Engaged: Higher Education and Regions" (Valencia, Spain, September 20, 2007).]
- Published
- 2008
28. Science and the Entrepreneurial University. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.9.10
- Author
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University of California, Berkeley, Center for Studies in Higher Education, Atkinson, Richard C., and Pelfrey, Patricia A.
- Abstract
The current and still-evolving role of the American research university has been shaped by four key developments in the past sixty-five years: the historic decision to establish a comprehensive postwar federal science policy, described in Vannevar Bush's 1945 report, "Science, The Endless Frontier;" the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980; economic analyses from the 1950s onward that have validated the central role of knowledge in economic growth and influenced government and university policy on industry-university research; and various experiments with such research that have led to an increasing integration of research universities and industrial partners in the pursuit of innovation. Can American research universities continue to meet intensifying demands for innovation that advances regional, state, and national economic growth? This paper answers the question with a conditional yes. It describes the trend toward closer relations between universities and industry and how this trend is encouraging new ways of conducting scientific research and new forms of organization within the research university. It concludes with several recommendations for preserving the competitive advantage research universities contribute to American economic leadership: correcting our underinvestment in research in certain disciplines, such as the physical and social sciences; ensuring that federal support for research is sufficient to train graduate students in the numbers needed for national economic competitiveness and to encourage young faculty to pursue research projects with potential for innovative breakthroughs; and to make it easier for foreign-born students to remain in this country once they have earned advanced degrees in American universities. (Contains 18 endnotes.) [This report was prepared as the basis for Richard C. Atkinson's remarks at the Conference of Presidents of Academies and Scholarly Societies in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, March 14-17, 2010, Jerusalem, Israel.]
- Published
- 2010
29. University Roles in Technological Innovation in California. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.6.07
- Author
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University of California, Berkeley, Center for Studies in Higher Education and King, C. Judson
- Abstract
California has achieved considerable economic success through technological innovation and the formation of businesses based upon those technologies. This paper addresses some of the roles of universities in that success story. It starts with some measures of the contributions of innovation and a robust university structure to the California economy, drawn from the biotechnology and wine industries. This is followed by an exploration of some recent partnership structures involving universities with industry and/or the state government. Emphasis is on the University of California, since that is where the experience of the author lies. This is followed by considerations of how such partnerships can be most successful and at the same time meet concerns about potential undesirable consequences stemming from them. (Contains 38 notes.) [Paper prepared for Salzburg Seminar No. 441, "From Lab to Market: Accelerating Innovation through University, Business, and Government Partnership" (Salzburg, Austria, April 28-May 3, 2007).]
- Published
- 2007
30. Assessing the Impact of Research: A Case Study of the LSAY Research Innovation and Expansion Fund. Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth. Occasional Paper
- Author
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research and Hargreaves, Jo
- Abstract
The purpose of this project is to apply the framework developed by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) for measuring research impact to assess the outcomes of the research and activities funded under the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY) Research Innovation and Expansion Fund (RIEF). LSAY provides a rich source of information about young people and their transitions from school to post-school destinations. The purpose of the Research Innovation and Expansion Fund was to facilitate an increase in the quantity, quality, distribution and accessibility of youth transitions research and analysis using LSAY data in the academic and public policy communities. The RIEF involved a variety of activities, including a competitive research grants program and a fellowship, and has led to the publication of six research reports, a national youth policy forum and data workshops. This study reinforces the point that the interplay between research and policy is complex. Nevertheless, in this case, connections between policy, practice and research have been strengthened as a result of the Research Innovation and Expansion Fund. This study also confirms the effectiveness of NCVER processes for the dissemination of research. The importance of a media release for immediate impact is noted. Policy forums and engaging directly with policy-makers and other stakeholders can also play a very positive part. Data workshops are appended. (Contains 5 tables and 9 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2012
31. European Responses to Global Competitiveness in Higher Education. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.7.09
- Author
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University of California, Berkeley, Center for Studies in Higher Education and van der Wende, Marijk
- Abstract
The growing global competition in which knowledge is a prime factor for economic growth is increasingly shaping policies and setting the agenda for the future of European higher education. With its aim to become the world's leading knowledge economy, the European Union is concerned about its performance in the knowledge sector, in particular in the nexus of research, higher education institutions, and innovation. A major concern is to solve the "European paradox": whereby Europe has the necessary knowledge and research, but fails to transfer this into innovation and enhanced productivity and economic growth. Further complicating the matter, policy responses are formulated and implemented at different levels within the EU: at the European-wide level, the national, regional, and institutional levels. Moreover, the formulation of policies are often underpinned by different perceptions of the meaning of globalization, the nature of global competition for the higher education sector, and by differences in the current ability of institutions to effectively promote innovation in the private sector. This paper offers an overview of relevant European higher education policies and responses to global competition, and considers how global competitiveness can best be stimulated and achieved; what role competition and cooperation-based strategies at the national and European level play in this respect, and what is the best mix. (Contains 3 tables.)
- Published
- 2009
32. Achieving Quality Early Childhood Education for All: Insights from the Policy Innovation Diffusion Research. Working Paper Series.
- Author
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Foundation for Child Development, New York, NY. and Mintrom, Michael
- Abstract
Based on the view that major changes in the social and economic context in the United States require major policy changes related to early childhood education, this paper examines the factors supporting public policy changes and how advocates for change in early childhood education might incorporate effective strategies. The paper is presented in two parts. Part 1 reviews the research on state policy settings and the factors that tend to support policy change. This part focuses attention on the ways that state policymakers appear to learn from what is going on elsewhere and incorporate new ideas into their policy agendas. Several strategic implications for advocates of policy change are presented, such as brainstorming a list of potential obstacles to the introduction of a policy innovation or shaping the debate so the public will support change. Part 2 of the paper takes these general strategic implications and considers their relevance to efforts to achieve early childhood education for all in the United States. Ways that advocates might usefully build on various promising initiatives and ideas are suggested. The paper maintains that advocates for change must constantly build their knowledge concerning what works and what does not work, understanding the organizational and political strengths and weaknesses of alternative strategies for securing quality early education for all children. It is argued that advocacy efforts blending policy proposals with development of model programs can help forge good relations among people with apparently divergent interests and thereby set the stage for new advocacy coalitions. (Contains 19 references.) (KB)
- Published
- 2001
33. America in the Global Economy: A Background Paper for the New Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce
- Author
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National Center on Education and the Economy, Uhalde, Ray, and Strohl, Jeff
- Abstract
In this paper the authors identified the size of America's home market as a crucial component of its historical comparative advantage. The authors showed that over the last four decades nearly 60 percent of per capita U.S. growth has been dependent upon growth in the domestic consumption. Thus, a comprehensive demand side strategy also must target the domestic consumers U.S. businesses know best. On the supply side, they asked themselves what education and skills matter for individual and national economic success in the global economy? The authors' research demonstrated that education matters for growth and college matters the most. Boosting college completion rates by just 10 percent would inject $125 billion into the economy over the long run. Education credentials often serve as a signaling devise that employers use to gauge what potential hires might know and be able to do on the job. Employers are really interested in the knowledge, skills and abilities people bring to the workplace, not just their education credentials. The authors examined a new data set to test this hypothesis and found preliminary evidence to support it. The authors showed that the greater the level of skill required of occupations, the higher the education levels of job incumbents. Secondly, they found that the greater the level of skill required of occupations, the greater the average earnings for workers in those occupations, after holding constant the level of education. Consequently, not only is there a clear payoff to education, there also is an independent payoff to higher skills. And that appears true not only for competencies like innovation, critical thinking, and complex problem solving, but also for basic skills and social skills that are important in interacting with colleagues and customers. They also found that these competencies were useful in estimating which jobs are most vulnerable to being offshored overseas. In conclusion, they recognize that globalization is neither automatically beneficial nor universally destructive. Neither their analysis nor history offer assurances, though their work does suggest some ways forward. Therefore, they should identify strategies that will enable America to seize opportunities presented by globalization while minimizing its negative effects on communities, workers, and their families. Average Earnings by Education of Workers and the Competency Level Occupations Require are appended. (Contains 14 figures, 8 tables and 57 endnotes.) [This paper was written with Zamira Simkins.]
- Published
- 2006
34. Role of Universities in the National Innovation System. Discussion Paper
- Author
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Group of Eight (Australia)
- Abstract
Over recent years governments have been placing more emphasis on innovation as a source of national competitiveness. Governments now assess their investments across many areas in terms of the contribution that such investments make to increasing innovation. This has been especially significant for education and in particular for the development of policies for universities because universities perform research as well as provide learning. The measures governments use to assess the performance of universities frequently include indicators of research-related engagement with business, or of the level of patenting, licensing and start ups. Assessing university performance by focusing on just some of the direct services or outputs that universities provide, or on narrow aspects of their individual services, seriously underestimates the contributions that universities make. Appended are: (1) The health innovation system; (2) Sources of ideas or information for business innovation; (3) Innovation-Active Businesses; and (4) Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education in the USA. (Contains 33 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2011
35. How VET Responds: A Historical Policy Perspective. Occasional Paper
- Author
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research and Ryan, Robin
- Abstract
This essay considers the evolution of the vocational education and training (VET) system since European settlement, but focuses mainly on changes that have occurred over the last three decades. It discusses the underlying influences of key reforms, including the training reform agenda, which had as its main aim, the establishment of a national system. Also discussed are the programs and policy milestones that have shaped the VET landscape. The essay drew on work that compiled major policy developments since the 1980s, now converted into a timeline identifying significant documents published since 1969. (Contains 8 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2011
36. Building Innovation Capacity: The Role of Human Capital Formation in Enterprises--A Review of the Literature. Occasional Paper
- Author
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Smith, Andrew, Courvisanos, Jerry, and Tuck, Jacqueline
- Abstract
This literature review examines the role of human capital formation in building innovative capacity in firms. The aim of the review is to develop a model of human capital development factors to be used as a basis for a larger research project where the factors that develop innovation capacity in enterprises will be investigated. The review finds that human capital stimulus factors are developed through appropriate human resource management practices, the learning and development system (in the enterprise) and the tertiary education system. The review also finds that the three key issues in developing human capital for innovation in enterprises are people, knowledge and creativity management. (Contains 1 footnote and 3 figures.)
- Published
- 2011
37. New York City's iZone. CRPE Working Paper #2011-1
- Author
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University of Washington, Center on Reinventing Public Education, Lake, Robin, and Gross, Betheny
- Abstract
Can public schools learn to embrace innovation and employ cutting edge technology to solve students' most persistent learning problems? In 2010, New York City's Department of Education (NYCDOE) created the Innovation Zone (iZone) to try to accomplish just that. This report reflects the findings of a CRPE study of the iZone, its goals and challenges. Over the next three years, the iZone leaders hope to produce upwards of 100 schools in NYC that are based on dramatically new approaches to instruction. The NYCDOE believes iZone schools can produce breakthrough results by harnessing technology, altering the use of staffing structures and time, adopting much more rigorous standards for student work, and creating highly personalized environments. iZone schools are supposed to explore and innovate with student-centered mastery designs that are characterized by five core principles: (1) Performance Assessment & Mastery-Based Grading; (2) Personalized Learning Plans; (3) Multiple Learning Modalities (e.g., a combination of independent student work, small group instruction, one-on-one instruction, student collaborative activities, on-line instruction); (4) New Staff and Student Roles; and (5) Globally Competitive Standards. NYC is one of the first districts in the country to try to scale up broad innovation. As they move to take the iZone to scale, district officials face daunting challenges in promoting true innovation within the massive bureaucracy of New York City public schools. Some of the problems are evident now; others are likely to emerge in the future. Over the next few years, how the district copes with challenges like the inertia of the status quo, risk management and accountability, and paying for scale will offer lessons for other districts who follow suit. (Contains 1 figure, 2 tables and 7 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2011
38. From Ideas to Development: The Determinants of R&D and Patenting. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 457
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Jaumotte, Florence, and Pain, Nigel
- Abstract
This paper uses panel regressions to investigate the effects of innovation policies and framework factors on business R&D intensity and patenting for a sample of 20 OECD countries over the period 1982- 2001. Both sets of factors are found to matter; the main determinants of innovativeness appear to be the availability of scientists and engineers, research conducted in the public sector (including universities), business-academic links, the degree of product market competition, a high level of financial development and access to foreign inventions. The effect of direct public financial support for business R&D is generally positive but modest, though it may larger for cash-constrained firms. Intellectual property rights appear to increase patenting significantly, but have little impact on R&D spending. Finally, the paper takes a closer look at the labour market for researchers, estimating jointly equations for employment and wages. Although the supply of scientists and engineers is eventually responsive to wage differentials, both with other professions and across countries, the evidence suggests that it may difficult to raise significantly the real amount of domestic R&D in the short run because the supply of researchers is relatively inelastic. (Wage Schedule and Reduced Form Coefficient Derivations are appended. Contains 93 footnotes, 4 figures, 1 box and 8 tables.)
- Published
- 2005
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39. Trends and Innovations in Higher Education Reform: Worldwide, Latin America and in the Caribbean. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.12.10
- Author
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University of California, Berkeley, Center for Studies in Higher Education and Segrera, Francisco Lopez
- Abstract
Universities in Latin America and in the Caribbean (LAC), and throughout the world, are facing one of the most challenging eras in their history. Globalization presents many important opportunities for higher education, but also poses serious problems and raises questions about how best to serve the common good. The traditional values of universities are still valid (autonomy, academic freedom, research, students' work, assessment), but they should be viewed within the context of new global norms. Until the decade of the 80s, public Higher Education (HE) with institutional and academic autonomy, had predominance in the region over the private education. At the end of the 80s and beginnings of the 90s, globalization meant neoliberal strategies. This implied replacing the typical policies of the "Welfare State", for others of reducing funds to public services and privatization of them. These market strategies had an impact in the increasing privatization of HE and in the deterioration of public universities, due to the lack of appropriate financing among other factors. In spite of this, during the 90s HE grew a great deal. HE reforms in LAC in the last two decades, have been oriented towards the satisfaction of an increasing demand according to World Bank policies and in much lesser degree to the policies recommended by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in the World Conference on Higher Education (WCHE) (1998). Because of it, these transformations are mainly counter-reforms and not the needed reform of the national public university. This essay provides an outline of the major challenges facing universities throughout the world. This then gives context to a discussion on current policy reforms and the future of higher education in Latin and Caribbean nations where enrollment and program growth is robust. This includes: cooperation in networks as an alternative to competition; open content and open knowledge versus privatization and marketing visions of new providers of for-profit higher education; new participative instruments of management, evaluation and accreditation; research aimed at global and local needs simultaneously; a sustainable development vision in order to achieve the millennium goals should be incorporated to curriculum as well as studies on multiculturalism and diversity. A bibliography is included. (Contains 10 endnotes.)[Minor changes have been made to this abstract to comply with ERIC guidelines.]
- Published
- 2010
40. Battery Research and Innovation—A Study of Patents and Papers.
- Author
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Pohl, Hans and Marklund, Måns
- Subjects
PATENT applications ,PATENTS ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,AUTOMOBILE industry ,STORAGE batteries - Abstract
This study of patent applications and scientific publications related to batteries is unique as it includes the volume of as well as qualitative indicators for both types of publications. Using carefully elaborated strategies to identify publications relating to batteries, this study provides data to discuss the critical balance to strike between investments in research and the more innovation-related aspects. The results show that China's dominance in publication volumes increases and that research with Chinese involvement is highly cited, whereas patent applications are slightly less valued than the world average. Quality-related indicators for Canada and the United States are very high for both scientific publications and patent applications. National differences in the proportions of patent applications and scientific publications are large, with Japan at one end with three patent applications per scientific paper and Canada at the other with almost seven scientific papers per patent application. On an actor level, data for Sweden indicate how the automotive industry started to file many patent applications in the decade starting in 2010. Finally, it is noted that this new approach to study a technological field appears promising as it gives new perspectives of relevance for policy actors and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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41. Impact of Regulatory Changes on Innovations in the Medical Device Industry; Comment on 'Clinical Decision Support and New Regulatory Frameworks for Medical Devices: Are We Ready for It? - A Viewpoint Paper'
- Author
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Petra Maresova
- Subjects
innovation ,regulatory ,medical device industry ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Economic regulation is an instrument of the state or other institutions to correct market failures, rectify the business environment, or protect consumers. Regulation can be a major driver of innovation, and it has proven to be so in the past. On the other hand, there are also documented cases of ineffective regulation due to information delays or shortcomings in government decision-making. The complexity of the impact of regulatory changes on innovation can currently be observed in the medical device market in Europe. Regulation (EU) 2017/745 whose main idea is to ensure greater safety and health protection for consumers, is a challenge for originator, manufacturer, mostly small and medium-sized enterprises. The regulation is associated with an increase in the cost of developing and maintaining the product on the market. We can now gradually begin to analyze whether it can be ranked among those that have become drivers of innovation.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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42. Before Every Child Is Left Behind: How Epistemic Games Can Solve the Coming Crisis in Education. WCER Working Paper No. 2005-7
- Author
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Wisconsin Center for Education Research, Madison., Shaffer, David Williamson, and Gee, James Paul
- Abstract
In his recent bestseller The World Is Flat, Thomas Friedman argues that countries like the United States can no longer compete in the global economy on the basis of making and selling commodities. Their competitive edge increasingly comes from how well they produce products, services, and technologies that are new . . . special . . . non-standard--and thus not easily produced across the globe by competitors. In this paper, we look at the educational implications of this crisis--implications that are both profound and alarming. We argue that young people in the United States today are being prepared for "commodity jobs" in a world that will, very soon, only reward people who can do innovative work and punish those who can't. The problem is being exacerbated by a new equity gap, in which some students have access at home to the technologies they need to prepare for life in a digital world, but many do not--a problem made worse by current educational policies that focus on giving students standardized skills for standardized tests rather than preparation for creative thinking and innovative work. We argue that the time to tinker with schools, as we have done for decades, is over, and that the change we need is neither liberal nor conservative. We make the case here that the same technologies that are creating this crisis provide a potential solution, and we propose the concept of epistemic games as one way to solve this looming crisis of learning. (Contains 1 figure.)
- Published
- 2005
43. How Can VET Systems Meet the Challenges of Innovation and New Skill Requirements? An Exploration of State and Territory Initiatives in Australia. Working Paper No. 59
- Author
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Monash University, Centre for the Economics of Education and Training and Ferrier, Fran
- Abstract
This paper reports on a Centre for the Economics of Education and Training (CEET) project that explored policies, programs and other initiatives by Australia's states and territories to support innovation, and to build vocational education and training (VET) capability to respond to its effects on skill needs. The project was undertaken in late 2003-early 2004. CEET set out to document the range of initiatives adopted by the states and territories, their rationales and objectives, funding and major features; to highlight similarities and differences between the approaches and the various emphases being given to different aspects of VET, to types of skills and innovation and to VET-industry relationships; and to highlight best practice approaches. The author found that the states and territories are working to support innovation in industry and enterprises and to build VET capabilities to respond to it, but more could be done and some activities could be more effective. Findings include: (1) More co-operative and collaborative work is needed to reduce the current level of duplication in the provision of web-based support; (2) VET is poorly represented on innovation advisory bodies to governments; (3) Further opportunities could also be given for VET personnel to contribute to research and development, particularly in industry sectors in which they have a high level of expertise; and (4) There is considerable potential for states to learn from each other. (Contains 8 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2005
44. Dimensions of Innovation: Some Historical Perspectives on Vocational Education and Training and Innovation in Australia. A Discussion Paper. A National Vocational Education and Training Research and Evaluation Program Report
- Author
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Leabrook (Australia). and Pickersgill, Richard
- Abstract
The development of a uniquely Australian system of innovation and its relation to the vocational education and training (VET) system is considered in this discussion paper. It asserts that the Australian system of innovation fits the pattern of incremental innovation and diffusion of technical knowledge. It focuses on arrangements prior to the formation of the technical and further education system in the late 1970s. It concludes that the diffusion of knowledge and the development of a workforce capable of developing innovative local technical solutions has long been the domain of VET institutions in Australia. (Contains 3 tables and 2 figures.) [This report was published with funding provided through the Australian Department of Education, Science and Training. The author/project team was funded to undertake this research via a grant under the National Vocational Education and Training Research and Evaluation (NVETRE) Program.]
- Published
- 2005
45. The Learning Organisation Part I. The Learning Organisation: What Is It? Does It Constitute a Useful Set of Ideas for the Human Resource Development Practitioner? CLMS Working Paper.
- Author
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Hughes, Jason
- Abstract
The learning organization is one that has a strategy of continuous organizational change, exploring and facilitating a link between the development of the organization and the personal development of the employee. These five disciplines lead the innovation of learning organizations: systems thinking (meaning the whole is more than the sum of the parts); personal mastery or proficiency; mental models or ways of seeing and understanding; building shared visions; and team learning. One limit to the learning organization concept is the assumption that organizations have an existence in and of themselves beyond the level of individuals and can 'learn'. The implications for human resources development encompass the entire scope of the field. A more useful conceptualization is that of organizational learning, in which people learn from each other in a mutually beneficial manner. This assumes that under the right conditions people are able to learn more effectively in groups. Individual learning and organizational learning are different levels of an ongoing process involving knowledge sharing, building, adapting, and development as part of a group. (SLR)
- Published
- 2000
46. ICCE/ICCAI 2000 Keynote Papers.
- Abstract
This document contains the four keynote papers from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction). "Using Technologies To Model Student Problem Spaces" (David Jonassen) contrasts examples of semantic network, expert system, and systems modeling representations of problems and presents a research agenda for examining the efficacy of these tools. "Millennium eLearning: The Next Killer Application: Implications for Educators and Information Professionals" (Ching-Chih Chen) describes the millennium eLearning development, particularly in the United States, and discusses related problems and issues. "Social and Technological Innovations for a Knowledge Society" (Marlene Scardamalia) discusses core facets of knowledge creation, knowledge building technology, and knowledge building social structures. "Computer-Based Strategies for Articulate Reflection (and Reflective Articulation)" (John Self, Erol Karakirik, Ah-Lian Kor, Patricia Tedesco, and Vania Dimitrova) discusses reasons for the increased emphasis on learning systems providing an environment not just for practice, but also for articulation and reflection. Strategies for promoting articulate reflection are illustrated with reference to five systems. (MES)
- Published
- 2000
47. Call for Papers: The Relationship Between Partnership and Innovation
- Author
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IJPS Editors
- Subjects
call for papers ,partnership ,innovation ,Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 ,Organizational behaviour, change and effectiveness. Corporate culture ,HD58.7-58.95 - Abstract
The second issue of the Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies (IJPS) in 2023 will explore and celebrate the relationship between partnership and innovation. We are looking for innovations that advance science, technology, and invention; innovations supporting individuals or organizations; social, business, government and or policy innovations; and innovations that improve design, remove barriers, build inclusivity, and increase accessibility. Like Buckminster Fuller said, we are architects of our future and not its victims.” The submission deadline is August 15, 2023.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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48. Workplace Literacy Pilot Projects: A Discussion Paper = Les Projects-pilotes en alphabetisation en milieu de travail: document de discussion.
- Author
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National Literacy Secretariat, Ottawa (Ontario). and de Wolff, Alice
- Abstract
From 1995-1998, 12 of the 79 organizations funded by Canada's National Literacy Secretariat (NLS) conducted approximately 40 workplace literacy pilot projects across Canada. Those projects were reviewed to determine their effectiveness in increasing the number and quality of Canadian workplace literacy programs. Information for the review was collected from the following sources: review of pertinent materials available through the NLS; conversations with practitioners involved in workplace pilot projects and provincial government representatives; and interviews with representatives of 4 of the 12 organizations (an employer association, federation of labor, the Prairie Regional Training Consortium, and an industrial sector training council). The pilot projects tended to have three fields of activity: learning activities; short-term organizational change strategies; and long-term structural workplace change. The pilots have introduced literacy into a range of new industries and workplaces; however, only a small number of workplaces have created foundations for ongoing programs. Recommendations emerging from the review included calls for the NLS to fund more innovative workplace learning strategies and extend the time and financial resources for pilots to support more effective organizational change activities. A French translation is included. (Appended is information about how the review was conducted.) (MN)
- Published
- 1999
49. Regional Development, Innovation, Skill Needs and Training: A Pilot Study in the Shire of Gannawarra, Victoria. Working Paper No. 55
- Author
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Monash University, Centre for the Economics of Education and Training, Selby Smith, Chris, and Ferrier, Fran
- Abstract
This project, conducted by the Centre for the Economics of Education and Training (CEET) during 2003, set out to investigate the relationship between innovation and the provision of appropriate education and training in regional Australia. The project was designed as a pilot study with two main purposes: (1) To test whether and how the issues could be investigated, with the aim of using the findings as a basis for larger and more comprehensive studies in the future; and (2) To collect and analyse information about innovation and the provision of relevant education and training in some specific regions that would advance understanding of the major concerns and issues, both within the particular area and more generally in regional Australia. The Gannawarra Shire of northern Victoria was chosen for this pilot study because contacts made in the Shire indicated considerable support for investigating the issues and offered opportunities for access to local government, enterprises and training providers. Preliminary discussions and examination of published material also indicated substantial innovation in the region. The project comprised a search for sources of information about the Gannawarra region including geography, population, industries and employment; analysis of this material to gain an understanding of the major characteristics of the region; consultations with relevant people and organisations within and outside the region; and a survey of individuals and enterprises on the Gannawarra Business Register. Opportunities for presenting the preliminary and final survey results within the Shire to local enterprises and training providers enabled the findings to be discussed and contributed to ongoing refinement of the conclusions. Key findings include: (1) Considerable innovation is occurring in the industries and enterprises of Gannawarra, contributing to changes in the types of training being sought; (2) A balance of formal and informal provision of education and training in Gannawarra, although further investigation is recommended to determine that the balance is optimal to needs; and (3) Establishment of Local Learning and Employment Networks (LLENs) by the Victorian Government has been successful in strengthening relationships between educational providers, communities and industry in Gannawarra. Two attachments are included: (1) Regional Development, Skill Needs and Training Questionnaire; and (2) Initiatives of the LLENs in Gannawarra Shire. (Contains 10 figures and 40 tables.)
- Published
- 2004
50. Reflections on Leadership. CAUSE Professional Paper Series, No. 15.
- Author
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CAUSE, Boulder, CO. and West, Thomas W.
- Abstract
The seven essays in this paper were submitted by winners of the CAUSE ELITE (Exemplary Leadership and Information Technology Excellence) Award. The papers reflect leadership and achievement through effective management and use of information resources. Papers include: "More Lessons from the CIO Trail: from Butch Cassidy to City Slicker," (Thomas W. West) which presents a set of leadership axioms and a professional development approach to the position of chief information officer; "Leadership in a Service Environment," (Brian L. Hawkins) which speaks to servant leadership and keeping sight of the mission; "Managing Ideas," (Bernard W. Gleason) which urges the development of formal structures for encouraging, developing, and adopting creative applications of information technology."Organizational Leadership: Characteristics of Success and Failure," (Albert L. LeDuc) which discusses new leaders and good leaders; "Maybe Adam Smith Had It Right," (Robert C. Heterick, Jr.) which speaks to organizing to weather economic doldrums and preparing for a twenty-first century learning society; "Leading Through Influence," (Carole A. Barone) which discusses organizational characteristics; "Making It Happen: Leadership in a Transformational Age," (Patricia Battin) which examines the impact of digital information technology on the higher education community. (CH)
- Published
- 1996
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