12 results
Search Results
2. Isotope study of monthly rainfall and its response in the Santos Formation phreatic aquifer, Mesa de Los Santos, Santander (Colombia).
- Author
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Cetina, Maria Alejandra, Taupin, Jean-Denis, Gómez, Sully, and Patris, Nicolas
- Subjects
RAINWATER ,AQUIFERS ,STABLE isotopes ,ISOTOPES ,PUBLIC transit ,BODIES of water ,DRINKING water - Abstract
Mesa de Los Santos is an elevated plateau located in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia (Andean region) in the Department of Santander (altimetric variation 300 to 1800 m a.s.l.). The region is marked by a shortage of potable surface water. The isotopic study of the rain and its relation to Los Santos Formation phreatic and fractured aquifer was carried out. Four rain stations were installed on top of the plateau (1275 to 1684 m a.s.l.) to collect monthly rainwater samples for stable isotopes. The rainwater stations recorded 1469 to 764 mm from North to South, and the seasonal patterns of stable isotopes were similar in all stations. The preliminary Local Meteoric Water Line is δ2 H = 8.22×δ18 O + 13.9, slightly above the GMWL with an intercept of + 13.9 ‰, possibly indicating continental vapor recycling. The rain-weighted annual isotope means showed more depleted values in the southmost rain station (δ18 O = -8.99 ‰, 1275 m a.s.l.). From the phreatic and fractured aquifer, 35 groundwater points were monitored bimonthly for stable isotopes (n=134) and three trends were differentiated in the isotopic content value of δ18 O. Large temporal variability characterized 10 groundwater points (amplitudes greater than 1 ‰ in δ18 O for each point) consistently with the seasonal behaviour of the rain, indicating flows with rapid transit on a monthly scale. 21 groundwater points showed a low temporal variability with year-round differences under 1 ‰ and presenting a spatial distribution of δ18 O with enriched values towards the north (between -6.71 ‰ and -6.00 ‰) and depleted values towards the south (-8.97 ‰ to -8.14 ‰), which tends to be also consistent with the rainwater isotope distribution observed. The stability of year-round groundwater isotopic values is a sign of efficient mixing of groundwater and a slower transit. Finally, 4 groundwater points presented signs of evaporation, showing d -excess values between -6.4 ‰ and + 4.3 ‰, in connection with surface water bodies that undergo evaporation before infiltration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. La salud pública en Santander. Historias e historiadores.
- Author
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Pinzón, Luis Rubén Pérez
- Subjects
- *
HANSEN'S disease , *HISTORY of public health , *MYCOBACTERIAL diseases , *MEDICAL care - Abstract
To revise the medical notions and the historic representations about public health in Santander require to contrast the results of researches did by different historians trough of thesis, books and papers published in local universities journals. This paper proposes a history of public health implicate to surpass the academic studies about of politic and medical-scientific personalities to be assumed as a interdisciplinary and new-institutional process orientated to the analysis of the State politics about institutions, employees and patient care according to the impact of illness (endemic and epidemic) and the pressure by socio-economical groups interested in it. In this way, the sources and uses of the concept "Public Health" are explored, and its begin in Santander with sanitary politics about "leprosy colonies" are described, including medical and hospitalarian changes as consequence of the creation of the Ministry of Public Health and the Social Security Institute, and finally, a review is realized about the academic production that health and socio-humanistic professionals from Santanderan universities did related with this theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
4. Enhanced Two-Step Extraction from Biomass of Two Cymbopogon Species Cultivated in Santander, Colombia.
- Author
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Romero, Angie K., Portillo, Daysy J., Beltrán, Sheila B., Sierra, Lady J., Álvarez, Camilo A., Ramírez, Karen J., Martínez, Jairo R., and Stashenko, Elena E.
- Subjects
CYMBOPOGON ,CIRCULAR economy ,HYDROXYCINNAMIC acids ,ALTERNATIVE crops ,BIOMASS - Abstract
The insertion of circular economy principles into the essential oil (EO) production chain aims to reduce waste generation and make integral use of harvested plant material. Higher profits from integral use with reduced waste generation contribute to the eventual use of the EO value chain as an alternative to illicit crops in Colombia (mostly coca). In this study, Java-type citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) and palmarosa (C. martinii) plant materials were used in two consecutive processes to obtain EOs and extracts. The residual biomass after EO distillation was subjected to ultrasound-assisted hydroethanolic extraction to afford extracts that contained bioactive compounds. Citronella and palmarosa were distilled with typical EO yields (1.0 ± 0.1% for citronella; 0.41 ± 0.06% for palmarosa; n = 5) either through hydrodistillation assisted by microwave radiation or through steam distillation, and their composition (determined via GC/FID/MS analysis) and physicochemical parameters fell within their ISO standard specifications. The concentration of citronellal, the major compound of citronella oil, was 500 ± 152 mg/g. Geraniol, the main component of palmarosa oil, was found at 900 ± 55 mg/g. The citronella and palmarosa hydroalcoholic extracts (4–11% yield) were analyzed with UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS, which permitted the identification of 30 compounds, mainly C-glycosylated flavones and hydroxycinnamic acids. Both extracts had similar antioxidant activity values, evaluated using the ABTS
+● and ORAC assays (110 ± 44 µmol Trolox® /g extract and 1300 ± 141 µmol Trolox® /g extract, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A spatial regression analysis of Colombia's narcodeforestation with factor decomposition of multiple predictors.
- Author
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Rivadeneyra, Perla, Scaccia, Luisa, and Salvati, Luca
- Subjects
REGRESSION analysis ,RANCHING ,AIRWAYS (Aeronautics) ,FOREST conservation ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,SHIFTING cultivation ,RANCHES - Abstract
In the current accelerated process of global warming, forest conservation is becoming more difficult to address in developing countries, where woodlands are often fueling the illegal economy. In Colombia, the issue of narcodeforestation is of great concern, because of the ramification of narcoactivities that are affecting forests, such as agribusinesses and cattle ranching for money laundering. In this study, we use spatially explicit regressions incorporating a factor decomposition of predictors through principal component analysis to understand the impact of coca plantations on global and local-scale deforestation in Colombia. At national level we find a positive and statistically significant relationship between coca crops and deforestation. At the regional level, in two out of four regions, it appears that coca is causing deforestation, especially in the Department of Northern Santander and on the Pacific coast. The spatial models used reveal not only a direct effect but also positive and significant spillover effects, in line with the conjecture that narcodeforestation is not only due to the quest for new areas to expand coca-cultivation, which would determine a loss of forest only in the municipality where coca cultivation increases, but also to the need to launder illegal profits, or create clandestine routes and airplane strips, which can affect forests also in nearby municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Rainfall partitioning in two native tree legumes in the Andean region, Colombia.
- Author
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Pabón-Morales, Miguel Á., Prato, Andrés I., Tonello, Kelly C., Zuluaga-Peláez, Jhon J., Bucheli-León, Pilar E., and Winckler-Caldeira, Marcos V.
- Subjects
LEAF area index ,FOREST canopy ecology ,PLANTATIONS ,THROUGHFALL ,RAIN gauges ,LEGUMES ,REFORESTATION - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Perfil de la demanda de servicios médicos en el Departamento de Santander, 2001-2007.
- Author
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Barceló, Rafael Antonio Viana and España, Jorge Luis Navarro
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *MEDICAL care , *POPULATION research - Abstract
This paper explores the main characteristics of the demand for medical consultations in the department of Santander. To do this, performing a descriptive analysis of the characteristics of the population that demands the service department as affiliation, gender, age, body others. The data used for the study come primarily from two sources: the individual record or health services (RIPS) and population projections from 2005 to 2020, departmental and municipal total, by sex and five year age groups from the National Bureau of Statistics - DANE. The unit of analysis in this study was the records and not the population, the available information does not allow to focus on the people served. The results indicate a need to incorporate criteria regarding gender, children, and senior citizens in the design of public health policies. The results show that it is necessary to incorporate criteria regarding gender, children, and senior citizens in the design of public health policies. Similarly, it is important to consider the questions of financing of the health network of Santander, considering that in recent years, the pattern of medical consultation indicate greater pressure on the use of the resources allocated in the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
8. LA GUERRA CIVIL DE 1876-1877 EN LOS ANDES NORORIENTALES COLOMBIANOS.
- Author
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R., Edna Carolina Sastoque and M., Mario García
- Subjects
- *
CIVIL war , *SOCIAL conflict ,COLOMBIAN Civil War, 1876-1877 - Abstract
This paper seeks to understand from a regional perspective the causes of the civil war of 1876-1877 in the Northeastern Colombian Andes. An approximation is made to the urban hierarchy in the current Colombian departments of Santander and Norte de Santander between 1853 and 1875. The conditions leading to conflict and the change in that hierarchy are presented. In addition, intervening players and the location of the events of the war are identified. It concludes that the group that fell in urban hierarchy was the one that started the war and that this hierarchical change was one of the causes of the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
9. A NEW APPROACH ON THE TECTONOMETAMORPHIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH P--T PATHS OF THE BARROVIAN-TYPE SILGARÁ FORMATION AT THE CENTRAL SANTANDER MASSIF, COLOMBIAN ANDES.
- Author
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Óscar M., Castellanos A., Carlos A., Ríos R., and Akira, Takasu
- Subjects
- *
METAMORPHISM (Geology) , *MORPHOTECTONICS , *STRUCTURAL geology , *ROCK deformation , *METAMORPHIC rocks , *GEOLOGICAL formations - Abstract
Metamorphic pressure and temperature trajectories are generally used as tools to interpret the tectonic history of deformed belts of rocks that record past activity along active plate margins. The pre-Devonian metamorphic sequence of the Silgará Formation forms part of the ancient basement of the central Santander Massif, including pelitic schists, siliceous schists and intercalation of amphibolites accompanied by marble. This metasedimentary unit has been affected by Barrovian type metamorphism under middle-pressure/high-temperature conditions. This paper presents on the relationship of tectonic processes to pressure-temperature paths development. Detailed petrologic analysis of pelites and related rocks has been used to constrain the P-T history of this region in the eastern colombian cordillera. Mineral assemblages and Geothermobarometric calculations indicate metamorphic temperatures and pressures of 400-600 °C and 4.0-6.5 kbar, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
10. Heterogeneity of dengue transmission in an endemic area of Colombia.
- Author
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Estupiñán Cárdenas, María Isabel, Herrera, Víctor Mauricio, Miranda Montoya, María Consuelo, Lozano Parra, Anyela, Zaraza Moncayo, Zuly Milena, Flórez García, Janeth Patricia, Rodríguez Barraquer, Isabel, and Villar Centeno, Luis Ángel
- Subjects
DENGUE hemorrhagic fever ,DENGUE ,DENGUE viruses ,RANDOM measures ,CITIES & towns ,ENDEMIC diseases - Abstract
Population based serological surveys are the gold-standard to quantify dengue (DENV) transmission. The purpose of this study was to estimate the age-specific seroprevalence and the force of infection of DENV in an endemic area of Colombia. Between July and October 2014, we conducted a household based cross-sectional survey among 1.037 individuals aged 2 to 40 years living in 40 randomly selected locations in urban Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia. In addition, we also enrolled 246 indviduals living in rural "veredas". Participants were asked to answer a questionnaire that included demographic, socioeconomic and environmental questions and to provide a 5 ml blood sample. Sera were tested using the IgG indirect ELISA (Panbio) kit to determine past DENV infection. The overall DENV seroprevalence was 70% (95% CI = 67%-71%), but was significantly higher in urban (81%, 95% CI = 78%-83%) as compared to rural (21%, 95% CI = 17%-27%) locations. Age was a major predictor of seropositivity, consistent with endemic circulation of the virus. Using catalytic models we estimated that on average, 12% (95%CI = 11%-13%) of susceptible individuals living in the city are infected by DENV each year. Beyond age, the only predictor of seropositivity in urban locations was prior history of dengue diagnosed by a physician (aPR 1.15, 95% CI = 0.98–1.35). Among participants living in rural settings, those that reported traveling outside of their vereda were more likely to be seropositive (aPR 3.60, 95%CI = 1.54–8.42) as well as those who were born outside of Santander department (aPR = 2.77, 95%CI = 1.20–6.37). These results are consistent with long term endemic circulation of DENV in Piedecuesta, with large heterogeneities between urban and rural areas located just a few kilometers apart. Design of DENV control interventions, including vaccination, will need to consider this fine scale spatial heterogeneity. Author summary: Dengue is the most rapidly expanding arbovirus in the world. Counts of reported dengue cases, as usually reported by surveillance systems, are a poor metric of the underlying transmission because most of the infections are asymptomatic. Population based serological surveys, where the prevalence of antibodies to dengue virus are measured in a random sample of the population, are considered the gold-standard to quantify dengue transmission. In this study, the authors conducted a population based serological survey in urban and rural areas of Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia. Seropositivity was significantly higher in urban as compared to rural locations. Age was a major predictor of seropositivity, consistent with long-term circulation of the virus in this setting. They estimated that, on average, 12% of susceptible individuals living in urban locations get infected by dengue each year. The only predictor of prior dengue infection in urban inhabitants was self-reported history dengue. In rural locations, traveling regularly outside of their "vereda" (neighborhood) and having been born outside of Santander department were associated with seropositivity. These results show that the Piedecuesta municipality is an endemic area of dengue transmission, with large heterogeneities between urban and rural settings. Control interventions, including vaccination should be targeted at fine spatial scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Aspectos interventores en la participación política y electoral de jóvenes. Una reflexión sobre la información, interacción y difusión de contenidos en redes sociales para futuras investigaciones en Santander.
- Author
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DURÁN SÁNCHEZ, CARLOS ALBERTO
- Subjects
POLITICAL participation ,YOUTH ,ONLINE social networks ,VOTING -- Demographic aspects ,ELECTIONS ,YOUTH in politics ,COLOMBIAN politics & government ,TWENTY-first century - Abstract
Copyright of Desafíos is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
12. Submerged Vane Technology in Colombia: Five Representative Projects.
- Author
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Rodríguez-Amaya, Carlos, Durán-Ariza, Argelino, and Duarte-Méndez, Santiago
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGY ,MAINTENANCE costs ,ECONOMIC impact - Abstract
An innovative research-based technology has been applied for the first time in Colombia to improve the navigability of the Magdalena river in a zone of the city of Barrancabermeja, Department of Santander. The result of installation of the submerged vane technology demonstrated its effectiveness in sediment management and motivated its further use as a solution to problems of erosion, scour and meander evolution, which are common occurrence in the rivers of the country. Since this 1991 installation, more than 18 projects have been completed and the technical effectiveness of the system has been improved. Compared to traditional solutions, the results demonstrate beneficial economic impacts due to shorter execution times, reduction in annual maintenance costs, and diminished environmental impacts. Characteristics of design and construction and results obtained from five projects are described that are representative of the diversity of conditions and difficulties for the application of this technology in Colombia. Lessons learned for adaptation by river management authorities are derived from the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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