257 results
Search Results
2. Autonomous Schools, Achievement and Segregation. Discussion Paper No. 1968
- Author
-
London School of Economics and Political Science (United Kingdom), Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), Natalie Irmert, Jan Bietenbeck, Linn Mattisson, and Felix Weinhardt
- Abstract
We study whether autonomous schools, which are publicly funded but can operate more independently than government-run schools, affect student achievement and school segregation across 15 countries over 16 years. Our triple-differences regressions exploit between-grade variation in the share of students attending autonomous schools within a given country and year. While autonomous schools do not affect overall achievement, effects are positive for high-socioeconomic status students and negative for immigrants. Impacts on segregation mirror these findings, with evidence of increased segregation by socioeconomic and immigrant status. Rather than creating "a rising tide that lifts all boats," autonomous schools increase inequality
- Published
- 2023
3. The Changing Nature and Role of Vocational Education and Training in Europe. Volume 7: VET from a Lifelong Learning Perspective: Continuing VET Concepts, Providers and Participants in Europe 1995-2015. Cedefop Research Paper No. 74
- Author
-
Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Department for VET Systems and Institutions (DSI)
- Abstract
This research paper is one in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of how CVET is conceptualised in various international level policy documents and how it is referred to across countries. It discusses national conceptions of CVET, the providers, participation by IVET graduates in non-formal education and training (NFE), and participation of adults in VET education institutions in European Union Member States, Iceland and Norway. The paper describes how the provision of CVET by different types of provider has changed over the past two decades, discussing the main drivers of this change and speculating about possible future trends. One of the main findings is that there are many dominant conceptions of CVET across Europe and the use of this term is not consistent, sometimes not even within countries. [The research was carried out by a consortium led by 3s Unternehmensberatung GmbH, led by Dr Jorg Markowitch; the consortium includes the Danish Technological Institute, the Institute of Employment Research (University of Warwick), the Institute of International and Social Studies (Tallinn University) and Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini. The Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) in Germany is supporting the project as a subcontractor.]
- Published
- 2019
4. A Half Century of Progress in U.S. Student Achievement: Ethnic and SES Differences; Agency and Flynn Effects. Program on Education Policy and Governance Working Papers Series. PEPG 21-01
- Author
-
Harvard University, Program on Education Policy and Governance, Shakeel, M. Danish, and Peterson, Paul E.
- Abstract
Principals (policy makers) have debated the progress in U.S. student performance for a half century or more. Informing these conversations, survey agents have administered seven million psychometrically linked tests in math and reading in 160 waves to national probability samples of selected cohorts born between 1954 and 2007. This study is the first to assess consistency of results by agency. We find results vary by agent, but consistent with Flynn effects, gains are larger in math than reading, except for the most recent period. Non-whites progress at a faster pace. Socio-economically disadvantaged white, black, and Hispanic students make greater progress when tested in elementary school, but that advantage attenuates and reverses itself as students age. We discuss potential moderators.
- Published
- 2021
5. The Changing Nature and Role of Vocational Education and Training in Europe. Volume 5: Education and Labour Market Outcomes for Graduates from Different Types of VET System in Europe. Cedefop Research Paper. No 69
- Author
-
Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Department for VET Systems and Institutions (DSI)
- Abstract
This research paper is the fifth in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). Based on comparative analysis of labour force survey data from 2014, the report analyses the vocational effect on labour market and education outcomes, asking whether any advantages conferred by vocational qualifications in early career would be offset by disadvantages later in life. The report explores the functioning of the safety net and the diversion effects across countries, demonstrating how these vary considerably with the specific institutional structure of schooling and work-based training. The results indicate that VET graduates are potentially sacrificing the longer-term gains associated with further education in favour of short-term benefits. [This research was carried out by a consortium led by 3s Unternehmensberatung GmbH and including the Danish Technological Institute, the Institute of Employment Research (University of Warwick), the Institute of International and Social Studies (Tallinn University) and Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini. The Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) in Germany is supporting the project as a subcontractor.]
- Published
- 2018
6. The Value of Smarter Teachers: International Evidence on Teacher Cognitive Skills and Student Performance. Program on Education Policy and Governance Working Papers Series. PEPG 14-06
- Author
-
Harvard University, Program on Education Policy and Governance, Hanushek, Eric A., Piopiunik, Marc, and Wiederhold, Simon
- Abstract
Differences in teacher quality are commonly cited as a key determinant of the huge international student performance gaps. However, convincing evidence on this relationship is still lacking, in part because it is unclear how to measure teacher quality consistently across countries. We use unique international assessment data to investigate the role of teacher cognitive skills as one main dimension of teacher quality in explaining student outcomes. Our main identification strategy exploits exogenous variation in teacher cognitive skills attributable to international differences in relative wages of nonteacher public sector employees. Using student-level test score data, we find that teacher cognitive skills are an important determinant of international differences in student performance. Results are supported by fixed-effects estimation that uses within-country between-subject variation in teacher skills.
- Published
- 2014
7. Cross-National Variation in Educational Preparation for Adulthood: From Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood. Working Paper No. 2001-01
- Author
-
National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED), and Lippman, Laura
- Abstract
This paper presents key indicators of educational and employment status for students making the transition from adolescence to early adulthood in selected Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The data that are presented include international comparisons of student achievement, educational attainment, literacy and unemployment among young adults. Data on expenditures for education are presented as a measure of national investment in education. It is a selective account, presenting data on important educational markers from international surveys and collections, offered as representative of key aspects of transitioning from education to the workforce in each country. To ensure comparability of data across countries, the data are derived from international surveys, or data collection efforts in which data have been harmonized. The time frame to which the data refer is the middle of the 1990s, between 1994-96. The countries chosen for comparison are OECD members that are representative of the regions of Europe (Northern, Central, Southern, and Eastern), English-speaking countries, and Asia. The coverage of countries varies by source, as the same countries did not participate in each of the surveys and data collections. However, every effort was made to include seven countries that are of particular interest, and they are the focus of the discussion in the text and appear in the figures when data are available: the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Italy. An appendix presents: Description of School Systems in Seven Countries.
- Published
- 2001
8. Promotion of Cooperation amongst Research and Development Organizations in the Field of Vocational Training. Working Meeting Papers (Berlin, West Germany, September 11-12, 1986). First Edition. CEDEFOP Document.
- Author
-
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Berlin (West Germany).
- Abstract
Eleven working papers are provided from a meeting to enable national training research and development organizations to present their current and future research and development priorities and exchange information and experience on projects of mutual concern. They cover a wide range of subjects in 11 of the 12 European Community Member States, but all the programs include work on changing qualification profiles needed to work effectively with new technologies. The papers include: "Summary of Major Research and Development Projects--AnCo (the Industrial Training Authority)--Ireland"; "Training Research Projects--The Centre for Studies and Research on Qualifications--France"; "Government Sponsored Research and Development on Vocational Training and New Technology--United Kingdom";"Work Results of the Federal Institute for Vocational Training--Federal Republic of Germany"; "Development of Research in the Field of Vocational Training--French- and German-Speaking Community, Onem, Belgium"; "Vocational Training by the National Manpower Service--Flemish Community, RVA, Belgium"; "Outline for Action in 1986--Institute for the Promotion of Workers' Vocational Training (ISFOL)--Italy"; "Summary Progress Report on the Training Research Programmes in Greece"; "Research Methods for the Investigation of Problems in the Linkage with the Labour Market in the Netherlands--University of Utrecht and PCBB"; "Vocational Training in Spain"; and "Development of Vocational Training in Small and Medium Craft Enterprises in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg." (YLB)
- Published
- 1987
9. Proceedings of the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on e-Learning (Madeira, Portugal, July 1-4, 2016)
- Author
-
International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), Nunes, Miguel Baptista, and McPherson, Maggie
- Abstract
These proceedings contain the papers of the International Conference e-Learning 2016, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society, 1-3 July, 2016. This conference is part of the Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems 2016, 1-4 July. The e-Learning (EL) 2016 conference aims to address the main issues of concern within e-Learning. This conference covers both technical as well as the non-technical aspects of e-Learning. These proceedings contain keynote lecture, "Twenty-First Century Skills, Technology and Open Learning: Re-Designing Teaching for the Digital Age" (Tony Bates) [abstract only] and workshop, "Making Sustainable Online Learning a Reality Informed by the Community of Inquiry Framework" (Susi Peacock and Lindesay Irvine). Full papers in these proceedings include: (1) Determining Factors of Students' Perceived Usefulness of e-Learning in Higher Education (Aleksander Aristovnik, Damijana Keržic, Nina Tomaževic and Lan Umek); (2) EvalCOMIX®: A Web-Based Programme to Support Collaboration in Assessment (María Soledad Ibarra-Sáiz and Gregorio Rodríguez-Gómez); (3) A Holistic Approach to Scoring in Complex Mobile Learning Scenarios (Marcel Gebbe, Matthias Teine and Marc Beutner); (4) Content Development for 72,000 Learners: An Online Learning Environment for General Practitioners. A Case Study (Dirk Pilat); (5) First Stages of Adult Students' Relationship to Scientific Knowing and Research in the Open University's Web-Based Methodology Course (Leena Isosomppi and Minna Maunula); (6) A Quantitative Analysis of the Role of Social Networks in Educational Contexts (Azam Shokri and Georgios Dafoulas); (7) Care Management: On Line-Based Approaches to Nurse Education in Ultrasound Imaging (Elena Taina Avramescu, Mitrache Marius and Adrian Camen); (8) Can e-Learning Change Work Practices? (Signe Schack Noesgaard); (9) A Practice of Mobile Learning Bases on Cloud Computing (Heng Wu and Zhong Dong); (10) Guidelines for Conducting a Post-Graduate Module within a Blended Synchonous Learning Environment, Facilitator and Student Perspectives (Christopher Upfold); (11) IT Tools in Initial Teacher Training (Dorin Herlo); (12) Application of a Reference Framework for Integration of Web Resources in DOLTRN--Case Study of Physics--Topic: Waves (Fabinton Sotelo Gomez and Armando Ordóñez); (13) Creating Micro-Videos to Demonstrate Technology Learning (Mark Frydenberg and Diana Andone); (14) An Analysis of Students Enrolled to an Undergraduate University Course Offered Also Online (Nello Scarabottolo); (15) How Do We Know What is Happening Online: A Triangulated Approach to Data Analysis (Marina Charalampidi and Michael Hammond); (16) Analysis of 3D Modeling Software Usage Patterns for K-12 Students (Yi-Chieh Wu, Wen-Hung Liao, Ming-Te Chi and Tsai-Yen Li); and (17) A Distributed Intelligent e-Learning System (Terje Kristensen). Short papers in these proceedings include: (1) Using Cognitive Maps to Promote Self-Managed Learning in Online Communities of Inquiry (Susi Peacock and John Cowan); (2) Automation in Distance Learning: An Empirical Study of Unlearning and Academic Identity Change Linked to Automation of Student Messaging within Distance Learning (Hilary Collins, Hayley Glover, Fran Myers and Mor Watson); (3) Developing the 1st MOOC of University of Porto: Challenges and Strategies (Isabel Martins, Nuno Regadas and Margarida Amaral); (4) Informal Language Learning in Authentic Setting, Using Mobile Devices and SNS (Ruthi Aladjem and Bibiana Jou); (5) Enhancing Third-Year Medical Clerkships: Using Mobile Technology for Teaching and Learning (Janette R. Hill, Michelle A. Nuss, Ronald M. Cervero, Julie K. Gaines and Bruce Middendorf); (6) Statistical Measures of Integrity in Online Testing: Empirical Study (Tom Wielicki); (7) The Complexities of Digital Storytelling: Factors Affecting Performance, Production, and Project Completion (Peter Gobel and Makimi Kano); (8) Collegewide Promotion on e-Learning/Active Learning and Faculty Development (Nobuyuki Ogawa and Akira Shimizu); (9) Training Portuguese Teachers Using Blended Learning--A Different Approach (Bertil P. Marques and Paula Escudeiro); (10) Gamify and Recognize Prior Learning: How to Succeed in Educators' Further Professional Training with Open Badges (Esko Lius); (11) How Do K-12 Students' Manage Applications on Their Mobile Devices? (Ruthi Aladjem and Sharon Hardof); (12) Digital Storytelling for Inclusive Education: An Experience in Initial Teacher Training (Marco Lazzari); and (13) Learning Factory--Assembling Learning Content with a Framework (Peter Steininger). Reflection papers in these proceedings include: (1) Equalizing Educational Opportunities by ICT (Ana María Delgado García and Blanca Torrubia Chalmeta); (2) The Acceptability of MOOC Certificates in the Workplace (Christina Banks and Edward Meinert); (3) Orchestration of Social Modes in e-Learning (Armin Weinberger and Pantelis M. Papadopoulos); (4) Information Competencies and Their Implementation in the Educational Process of Polish Universities. Exploratory Studies (Anna Tonakiewicz-Kolosowska, Iwona Socik and Monika Gajewska); (5) Virtual & Real Face to Face Teaching (Romeo Teneqexhi and Loreta Kuneshka); and (6) Virtual Scaffolding--Constructivism in Online Learning (Lachlan MacKinnon and Liz Bacon). The following poster is included: Active Learning Methods in Programming for Non-IT Students (Olga Mironova, Irina Amitan, Jüri Vilipõld and Merike Saar). An author index is included. Individual papers contain references.
- Published
- 2016
10. Mapping out Interactions in Spoken and Written Discourses. Metadiscourse across Genres. Conference Programme & Book of Abstracts (Cyprus, March 30-April 1, 2017)
- Author
-
Akbas, Erdem, Hatipoglu, Ciler, and Bayyurt, Yasemin
- Abstract
This is the book of abstracts for the conference held in 2017 entitled: ''METADISCOURSE ACROSS GENRES: MAPPING INTERACTION IN SPOKEN & WRITTEN DISCOURSES'', also known as MAG2017. The 1st International Conference on Metadiscourse Across Genres took place in METU Northern Cyprus Campus, Cyprus between 30 March-1 April 2017 with the participation of Prof. Ken Hyland, Prof. Anna Mauranen and Prof. Annelie Adel as keynote speakers. This international conference aimed to disseminate current research work on Metadiscourse and related areas in line with various qualitative and quantitative approaches with special focuses on Discourse Analysis, Corpus Linguistics, Genre Analysis and eventually the first-of-its kind conference in the field of Metadiscourse has welcomed 110 participant and hosted 3 plenary talks and 94 research talks given by researchers from 40 countries from Japan, Mexico, Turkey to Botswana and United Kingdom. The book of abstracts includes the abstracts of the talks with various qualitative and quantitative approaches with special focuses on Discourse Analysis, Corpus Linguistics, Genre Analysis. We would like to acknowledge that the event was co-organized by individual researchers: Dr. Erdem Akbas (Erciyes University), Assoc Prof. Ciler Hatipoglu (Middle East Technical University) and Prof. Yasemin Bayyurt (Bogazici University) with the initial suggestion coming from Reza Abdi (University of Mohaghegh Ardabili).
- Published
- 2017
11. School Achievement of Pupils from the Lower Strata in Public, Private Government-Dependent and Private Government-Independent Schools: A Cross-National Test of the Coleman-Hoffer Thesis
- Author
-
University of Arkansas, Education Working Paper Archive, Corten, Rense, and Dronkers, Jaap
- Abstract
We consider the question whether pupils from the lower social strata perform better in private government-dependent schools than in public or private-independent schools, using the PISA 2000 data on European high schools. In the eighty's, Coleman and Hoffer (1987) found in the USA that the performance of these pupils was better at religious schools than at comparable public schools. Dronkers and Robert (2003) found in PISA-data for 19 comparable countries that private government-dependent schools are more effective then comparable public schools, also after controlled for characteristics of pupils and parents and the social composition of the school. The main explanation appeared to be a better school climate in private government-dependent schools. Private independent schools were less effective than comparable public schools, but only after controlling for the social composition of the school. As a follow-up we now investigate, again with the PISA-data of these 19 countries, whether this positive effect of private government-dependent schools differs between pupils from different strata. We use various indicators to measure social strata: social, cultural and economic. We expect that the thesis of Coleman & Hoffer does hold for private government-dependent schools, because in these 19 countries they are mostly religious schools, which have more opportunities to form functional communities and create social capital. But for private independent schools, which due to their commercial foundation are less often functional communities, this relation is not expected to hold. However, the results show that public and private schools have mostly the same effects for the same kind of pupils and thus mostly not favor one kind of pupils above another kind of pupils. But private government-dependent schools are slightly more effective for pupils with less cultural capital. However, private independent schools are also more effective for pupils from large families or low status families. (Contains 4 tables, 12 notes and a list of 25 Literature Resources .)
- Published
- 2006
12. Comprehensive Analysis of Global Research on Erectile Dysfunction from 2002 to 2021: A Scientometric Approach.
- Author
-
Kaabi, Yahia Ali, Abdelwahab, Siddig Ibrahim, and Albasheer, Osama
- Subjects
IMPOTENCE ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,SEXUAL dysfunction ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a multifaceted yet prevalent male-related sexual dysfunction that manifests as a change in any of the erectile response components, including relational, psychological, and biological. We aimed to use bibliometric analyses to determine how ED research has progressed and define the future trends necessary to contribute to scholarly literature.Methods: Two tools, VOSviewer and MS Excel, were used, and the study was conducted in May 2022. A total of 16,114 records were selected for in-depth analyses. We examined the most eminent authors, highly cited papers within journals, and the institutions that have provided the greatest number of articles regarding ED, and demonstrated that ED research has increased over the last two decades.Results: The total number of research documents published between 1971 and 2021 was 16,114, with a growth rate of 5%. Montorsi, Maggi, and Mulhall shared the top spot in the number of publications (n = 164). The Journal of Sexual Medicine has the most papers (N = 1839), followed by the International Journal of Impotence Research (N = 780), the Journal of Urology (N = 557), and Urology (N = 489).Conclusion: The study revealed increased ED research in the past two decades, with notable authors and sources identified. The top three countries contributing to ED are the UK, Italy, and the USA. Recommendations include interdisciplinary collaboration, novel therapeutic approaches, addressing psychological and relational factors, conducting longitudinal studies, and publishing in reputable journals. Implementing these can advance understanding, improve treatment options, and enhance ED management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The Impact of Emerging Technology in Physics over the Past Three Decades
- Author
-
Binar Kurnia Prahani, Hanandita Veda Saphira, Budi Jatmiko, Suryanti, and Tan Amelia
- Abstract
As humanity reaches the 5.0 industrial revolution, education plays a critical role in boosting the quality of human resources. This paper reports bibliometric research on emerging TiP during 1993-2022 in the educational field to analyse its development on any level of education during the last three decades. This study employed a Scopus database. The findings are that the trend of TiP publication in educational fields has tended to increase every year during the past three decades and conference paper became the most published document type, the USA is the country which produces the most publications; "Students" being the most occurrences keyword and total link strength. The publication of the TiP is ranked to the Quartile 1, which implies that a publication with the cited performance is a publication with credibility because the publisher has a good reputation. Researchers can find the topics most relevant to other metadata sources such as Web of Science, Publish, and Perish.
- Published
- 2024
14. Why are some countries rich and others poor? development and validation of the attributions for Cross-Country Inequality Scale (ACIS).
- Author
-
Vezzoli, Michela, Valtorta, Roberta Rosa, Gáspár, Attila, Cervone, Carmen, Durante, Federica, Maass, Anne, and Suitner, Caterina
- Subjects
FACTOR structure ,WEALTH inequality ,INCOME inequality ,EXPLORATORY factor analysis ,CONFIRMATORY factor analysis ,WEALTH distribution ,ATTRIBUTION (Social psychology) - Abstract
Understanding lay theories on the causes of economic inequality is the first step to comprehending why people tolerate, justify, or react against it. Accordingly, this paper aims to develop and validate with two cross-sectional studies the Attributions for Cross-Country Inequality Scale (ACIS), which assesses how people explain cross-country economic inequality–namely, the uneven distribution of income and wealth between poor and rich countries. After selecting and adapting items from existing scales of attributions for poverty and wealth, in Study 1, we tested the factorial structure of this initial pool of items in three countries with different levels of economic development and inequality, namely, Italy (n = 246), the UK (n = 248), and South Africa (n = 228). Three causal dimensions emerged from the Exploratory Factor Analysis: "rich countries" (blaming the systematic advantage of and exploitation by rich countries), "poor countries" (blaming the dispositional inadequacy and faults of poor countries), and "fate" (blaming destiny and luck). The retained items were administered in Study 2 to three new samples from Italy (n = 239), the UK (n = 249), and South Africa (n = 248). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) corroborated the factorial structure of the ACIS, and Multi-Group CFA supported configural and metric invariances of the scale across countries. In addition, we show internal consistency and construct validity of the scale: the scale correlates with relevant constructs (e.g., beliefs about cross-country inequality and ideological orientation) and attitudes toward relevant policies related to international redistribution and migration. Overall, the scale is a valid instrument to assess causal attribution for cross-national inequality and is reliable across countries. By focusing on resource distribution from an international perspective, this scale will allow researchers to broaden the discussion on economic inequality to a global level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Constructing a Learning Curve to Discuss the Medical Treatments and the Effect of Vaccination of COVID-19.
- Author
-
Chen, Yi-Tui, Su, Emily Chia-Yu, Hung, Fang Ming, Hiramatsu, Tomoru, Hung, Tzu-Jen, and Kuo, Chao-Yang
- Subjects
PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission ,LENGTH of stay in hospitals ,INTENSIVE care units ,IMMUNIZATION ,COVID-19 ,CRITICALLY ill ,CROSS-sectional method ,MEDICAL care ,PATIENTS ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,REGRESSION analysis ,VACCINATION coverage ,LEARNING ,VACCINE effectiveness ,RESEARCH funding ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Acknowledging the extreme risk COVID-19 poses to humans, this paper attempted to analyze and compare case fatality rates, identify the existence of learning curves for COVID-19 medical treatments, and examine the impact of vaccination on fatality rate reduction. Confirmed cases and deaths were extracted from the "Daily Situation Report" provided by the World Health Organization. The results showed that low registration and low viral test rates resulted in low fatality rates, and the learning curve was significant for all countries except China. Treatment for COVID-19 can be improved through repeated experience. Vaccinations in the U.K. and U.S.A. are highly effective in reducing fatality rates, but not in other countries. The positive impact of vaccines may be attributed to higher vaccination rates. In addition to China, this study identified the existence of learning curves for the medical treatment of COVID-19 that can explain the effect of vaccination rates on fatalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Mobile Learning and Teacher Education: Researching MLEARN Pilot Development
- Author
-
Passey, Don and Zozimo, Joana
- Abstract
MLEARN, a European Union (EU)-funded project, is exploring and promoting teacher development of mobile learning practices in four member states--the Netherlands, the United Kingdom (UK) (England), Greece and Italy. This paper details the ways research findings have both fed into and been elicited from this pilot, supporting development and implementation of a teacher education programme for in-service teachers, focusing on mobile learning through appropriate pedagogic uses of mobile or handheld technologies. The research has focused on three dimensions to date: how contextual backgrounds for the programme can be considered and provided; a training needs analysis of trainers and teachers involved in the pilot; and gathering initial outcomes from teachers and learners after involvement in teacher education events and some one to two months of pilot uses in classrooms. The paper considers implementation outcomes to date, and what the next steps will be. [For the full proceedings, see ED562096.]
- Published
- 2015
17. Corporate Governance and Risk Management: Lessons (Not) Learnt from the Financial Crisis.
- Author
-
Gennaro, Alessandro and Nietlispach, Michelle
- Subjects
CORPORATE governance ,FINANCIAL institutions - Abstract
The paper aims to understand if and which lessons have been learned since the financial crisis of 2007-2008, highlighting the main deficiencies which still affect the corporate governance and risk management systems more than a decade after. A survey was performed by collecting the answers to 15 questions about corporate governance and risk management practices, given by a representative sample of 200 finance professionals (100 from the USA, 50 from Italy, 50 from the UK). The survey allows saying that corporate governance codes and risk management approach, even though improved and implemented over the past decade, still present problems in terms of principles or application. The results provide insights into how corporate governance issues are addressed and how financial institutions and regulators learn and adapt from a crisis. The paper also gives new perspectives on corporate governance, indicating where regulators need to focus on to rethink the governance mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Imputed rent and distributional effects of housing-related policies in Estonia, Italy and the United Kingdom.
- Author
-
Maestri, Virginia
- Subjects
HOUSING policy ,MICROSIMULATION modeling (Statistics) ,POVERTY ,HOMEOWNERS ,PROPERTY tax - Abstract
Housing policies are a complex set of taxes, benefits and incentives. This paper evaluates the redistributive effect of a comprehensive set of housing-related policies, taking into account the housing advantage of homeowners and social tenants. We use the Euromod microsimulation model to simulate housing policies in Estonia, Italy and the United Kingdom. Disentangling the contribution to inequality and poverty of each housing-related policy, we find that the current design of property taxes is not progressive and that other housing policies have a limited impact on inequality in Estonia and on both inequality and relative poverty in Italy. Only in the UK are housing policies more important than imputed rent in reducing inequality and poverty. In all three countries, housing-related policies favor the elderly. Although the United Kingdom has the most effective system of housing policies, Estonia seems to have the most efficient one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. How to perceive sustainable moving and smart mobility today?: A cross-national comparative longitudinal perspective and the controversy of alternative transport systems.
- Author
-
Modarelli, Giuseppe, Sadraei, Razieh, and Rainero, Christian
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABLE urban development , *URBAN transportation , *CITIES & towns , *SMART cities , *URBAN policy , *SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
The swift urbanization and ensuing challenges in global cities require a transition towards "intelligent" urban management. This change is motivated by the necessity to enrich the quality of life, tackling crucial issues such as transportation. How can municipal authorities effectively utilize smart city principles and technologies to enhance efficiency and sustainability in urban living? This query plays a vital role in steering urban policies and city governance towards a more sustainable and intelligent future. The paper suggests a survey-based research perspective unprecedented on "disruptive" transportation, offering a longitudinal examination (2010–2023) of cross-national comparison (ITA-UK) using a relatively large sample (No. 450 total) and divided into No.150 –UK 2023, No.150 –ITA 2023, and No. 150 Italy 2010 respectively. The sample base considers the two Capitals (London and Rome) for diversity, population size, and ongoing projects related to "smart" urban developed. Intending to offer a valuable analytical tool for policymakers, scholars, managers, and professionals, the paper primarily explores the evolutionary progression of sustainability concepts inherent in the smart city paradigm and their fusion with transportation; after the cross-national comparison is essential for highlighting mindset disparities that influence future planning endeavors for future urban transportation sector. The key findings revolve around cultural, ideological, ownership disparities and individualistic tendencies that contribute to a resistance to change. The empirical analysis demonstrates an advancement for Italy compared to previous years, but still cautious particularly concerning the adoption of shared mobility alternatives, which also presents a viable solution for increasing the adoption of electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Paediatric surgery and COVID-19: urgent lessons to be learned.
- Author
-
TURNER, Alexander M, ALBOLINO, Sara, and MORABITO, Antonino
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,COVID-19 pandemic ,CHILD patients ,SYSTEMS engineering ,SURGICAL emergencies - Abstract
Background The dissemination of scientific data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continually builds but, in April 2020, could not keep up with the spread of the disease. Through technology, surgeons in Italy and the UK, representing both peak and pre-peak infective time zones, were able to communicate so that the urgent lessons on the huge expected demands of care learned in Italy could be brought to the UK in advance. This paper specifically discusses the issues related to paediatric surgery, currently under-reported in the literature. Methods The aim of this paper is to conjoin experience from the field to provide a framework for a safe assessment and treatment of paediatric patients by adopting a systemic approach aimed at reducing the risk of contamination. We reviewed the processes and good practices that were undertaken in contexts of emergency such as in Italy and the UK and then adapted them within the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework to provide an assessment of how to reorganize the services in order to cope with an unexpected situation. The SEIPS model is the adopted theoretical framework, which allows to analyse the system in its main components with a human factors and ergonomics (HFE) perspective. Results The results introduce some of the good practices and recommendations developed during the emergency in the surgical scenario with a focus on the paediatric patients. They represent the lessons learned from the combination of the little existing evidence of literature and the experience from surgical teams who responded in an impromptu and unrehearsed way. Conclusions Lessons learned from the frontline 'on the fly' during COVID-19 emergency should be consolidated and taken into the future. In order to prepare proactively for the next phases and get ahead of the curve of these hospital accesses, there is a need for a risk assessment of the new clinical pathways with a multidisciplinary approach centred on HFE with the adoption of the SEIPS model and an involvement of all the surgical teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. COVID-19 infodemic on Facebook and containment measures in Italy, United Kingdom and New Zealand.
- Author
-
Etta, Gabriele, Galeazzi, Alessandro, Hutchings, Jamie Ray, James Smith, Connor Stirling, Conti, Mauro, Quattrociocchi, Walter, and Riva, Giulio Valentino Dalla
- Subjects
NEWS websites ,COVID-19 pandemic ,COVID-19 ,INFORMATION technology security ,NEWS consumption - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been characterized by a social media "infodemic": an overabundance of information whose authenticity may not always be guaranteed. With the potential to lead individuals to harmful decisions for the society, this infodemic represents a severe threat to information security, public health and democracy. In this paper, we assess the interplay between the infodemic and specific aspects of the pandemic, such as the number of cases, the strictness of containment measures, and the news media coverage. We perform a comparative study on three countries that employed different managements of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020—namely Italy, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand. We first analyze the three countries from an epidemiological perspective to characterize the impact of the pandemic and the strictness of the restrictions adopted. Then, we collect a total of 6 million posts from Facebook to describe user news consumption behaviors with respect to the reliability of such posts. Finally, we quantify the relationship between the number of posts published in each of the three countries and the number of confirmed cases, the strictness of the restrictions adopted, and the online news media coverage about the pandemic. Our results show that posts referring to reliable sources are consistently predominant in the news circulation, and that users engage more with reliable posts rather than with posts referring to questionable sources. Furthermore, our modelling results suggest that factors related to the epidemiological and informational ecosystems can serve as proxies to assess the evolution of the infodemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Over Three Decades of Data Envelopment Analysis Applied to the Measurement of Efficiency in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis
- Author
-
Pham Van, Thuan, Tran, Trung, Trinh Thi Phuong, Thao, Hoang Ngoc, Anh, Nghiem Thi, Thanh, and La Phuong, Thuy
- Abstract
The higher education efficiency evaluation model using the data envelopment analysis method has interested many researchers. This paper uses bibliometric analysis on publications extracted from the Scopus database to provide a comprehensive overview of research publications on the measurement of higher education efficiency based on data envelopment analysis: its growth rate, major collaboration networks, the most important and popular research topic. A total of 169 related publications were collected and analyzed from 1988 to 2021. The analysis results show that: Publications published every year have increased sharply in the last six years; The quality of publications is relatively high as publications tend to be published in journals with high-ranking indexes; Countries with the most influence in studies on this topic are: Italy, China, Spain, the USA, and the United Kingdom; Authors with the most influence in this research direction are Agasisti T., Abbott M., Doucouliagos C., Avkiran N.K., and Johnes J.; The research cooperation among countries and among affiliations is not strong. Finally, the paper has provided recommendations for future studies based on the findings.
- Published
- 2022
23. Evaluating Eco-Innovation of OECD Countries with Data Envelopment Analysis
- Author
-
Mavi, Reza Kiani and Standing, Craig
- Abstract
Government regulations require businesses to improve their processes and products/services in a green and sustainable manner. For being environmentally friendly, businesses should invest more on eco-innovation practices. Firms eco-innovate to promote eco-efficiency and sustainability. This paper evaluates the eco-innovation performance of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries with data envelopment analysis (DEA). Data were gathered from the world bank database and global innovation index report. Findings show that for most OECD countries, energy use and ecological sustainability are more important than other inputs and outputs for enhancing eco-innovation. [For full proceedings, see ED571459.]
- Published
- 2016
24. The spreading of SARS-CoV-2: Interage contacts and networks degree distribution.
- Author
-
Sage, Lucas, Albertini, Marco, and Scherer, Stefani
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 ,AGE distribution ,AGE groups ,COVID-19 ,SOCIAL contact - Abstract
Notable cross-country differences exist in the diffusion of the Covid-19 and in its lethality. Contact patterns in populations, and in particular intergenerational contacts, have been argued to be responsible for the most vulnerable, the elderly, getting infected more often and thus driving up mortality in some context, like in the southern European one. This paper asks a simple question: is it between whom contacts occur that matters or is it simply how many contacts people have? Due to the high number of confounding factors, it is extremely difficult to empirically assess the impact of single network features separately. This is why we rely on a simulation exercise in which we counterfactually manipulate single aspects of countries' age distribution and network structures. We disentangle the contributions of the kind and of the number of contacts while holding constant the age structure. More precisely, we isolate the respective effects of inter-age contact patterns, degree distribution and clustering on the virus propagation across age groups. We use survey data on face-to-face contacts for Great Britain, Italy, and Germany, to reconstruct networks that mirror empirical contact patterns in these three countries. It turns out that the number of social contacts (degree distribution) largely accounts for the higher infection rates of the elderly in the Italian context, while differences in inter-age contacts patterns are only responsible for minor differences. This suggests that policies specifically targeting inter-age contacts would be little effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Higher Education Institutions and Development: Missions, Models, and Challenges
- Author
-
Olo, Daniela, Correia, Leonida, and Rego, Conceição
- Abstract
Interest in higher education institutions (HEIs) as instruments for development has increased in recent years. The main objective of this paper is to address the contribution of HEIs to development through their missions, models, and challenges. With this purpose, we perform a historical analysis and characterise higher-education systems through the perspective of university models and missions, noticing relevant aspects regarding the evolution of this institution over time, as well as the transformations undergone. We also consider the main challenges that current higher education systems face in the 21st century. As methodological approaches, we carry out a literature review complemented by a comparative analysis based on data from the higher education systems of ten European countries. The findings show that HEIs can contribute to development through their missions, which are related to the models of higher education. Their first mission (teaching) contributes to improving human capital and attracting highly qualified people to their regions; the second mission (research) improves scientific knowledge which can foster innovative activities; and the third mission (community service) acts as a link between research and business, including patents, business incubators, and collaboration agreements. We also conclude that the challenges of higher education in the 21st century can be categorised essentially in three main areas: (1) globalisation and massification of higher education, as well as the internationalisation of HEIs' missions and diversification of the educational supply to attract new students; (2) new technologies related to the digitalisation of teaching and distance learning; and (3) higher education entrepreneurship, showing the importance of university-company relationships. This paper provides a global setting for a reflection on the role of HEIs in the 21st century, given their connection with society and the need for a more effective contribution to socio-economic development.
- Published
- 2021
26. Designing Mini-Games as Micro-Learning Resources for Professional Development in Multi-Cultural Organisations
- Author
-
Arnab, Sylvester, Walaszczyk, Ludmila, Lewis, Mark, Kernaghan-Andrews, Sarah, Loizou, Michael, Masters, Alex, Calderwood, Jackie, and Clarke, Samantha
- Abstract
The need for self-directed learning for professional development drives an increase in the delivery of easy to use 'just-in-time' resources that respond to the often-dynamic workplace and work culture. This is especially important in the era of globalisation, when the number of employees, who are culturally diverse, increases each year. Most medium and large companies operate in an international environment, and this is due to the expansion of international enterprises with branches in various countries that requires cooperation with foreign clients, and the employment of foreign nationals in their companies. In order to guarantee the effectiveness of workings in companies, there is a need for continuous education in the aspect of the cultural diversity. This paper explores micro-learning, which focuses on delivering brevity through bite-sized learning units or short-term learning activities. Learning content in this case can take many forms, from text to interactive multimedia. These contents are often created on demand, which can sometimes be less contextualised and pedagogically informed. Based on a case study of the need for training on cultural risks in multi-cultural organisations, this paper focuses on the design of mini-games as playful learning resources for supporting an online learning platform that has been developed as a response to this training need. Fifteen mini-games have been developed to complement eight main topics related to cultural risks and to promote reflection, practice and the self-assessment of knowledge acquired through the platform. The main eight topics represent the risk areas identified that include cultural awareness, understanding different cultures, communication, learning styles, hierarchy, team-working, qualities in the working place, and stereotypes through a survey carried out with personnel (n=154) from multi-cultural organisations across five countries - Cyprus, Italy, Latvia, Poland, and the UK. The discussions include unpacking the mapping of pedagogical and gameful design considerations based on Arnab et al.'s (2015) Learning Mechanics-Game Mechanics Mapping (LMGM) model. The paper also discusses the findings from the testing of the online platform across 5 countries including 166 participants (two-step testing). The insights provided will be valuable to researchers, practitioners, designers, and developers of micro-learning resources.
- Published
- 2021
27. COVID-19's Impact on Higher Education: A Rapid Review of Early Reactive Literature
- Author
-
Khan, Muzammal Ahmad
- Abstract
This rapid systematic review aims to examine emerging evidence on the effects of COVID-19 on educational institutions and assess the prevalence of e-learning changes in the sector. This paper reviews literature on learning, teaching, and assessment approaches adopted since the COVID-19 outbreak, and assesses the impact on the sector, staff, and students, summarizing findings from peer-reviewed articles. It categorizes these into five key themes: (1) digital learning; (2) e-learning challenges; (3) digital transition to emergency virtual assessment (EVA); (4) psychological impact of COVID-19; and (5) creating collaborative cultures. This represents the first systematic review of COVID-19's impact on education, clarifying current themes being investigated. The author suggests that the term 'emergency virtual assessment' (EVA) is now added for future research discussion. Finally, the paper identifies research gaps, including researching the impact on lesser developed countries, the psychological impact of transition, and the important role of leadership and leadership styles during the transition and handling of the pandemic.
- Published
- 2021
28. Simulating family life courses: An application for Italy, Great Britain, Norway, and Sweden.
- Author
-
Winkler-Dworak, Maria, Beaujouan, Eva, Di Giulio, Paola, and Spielauer, Martin
- Subjects
UNMARRIED couples ,WESTERN countries ,FAMILIES ,HUMAN fertility ,FERTILITY ,MARRIAGE - Abstract
BACKGROUND Family patterns in Western countries have changed substantially across birth cohorts. The spread of unmarried cohabitation, the decline and postponement of marriage and fertility, and the rise in nonmarital births, partnership instability, and repartnering lead to an increasing diversity in family life courses. OBJECTIVE In this paper we demonstrate how to set up a tool to explore family life trajectories. This tool models the changing family patterns, taking into account the complex interrelationships between childbearing and partnership processes. METHODS We build a microsimulation model parameterised using retrospective partnership and childbearing data. The data cover women born since 1940 in Italy, Great Britain, and two Scandinavian countries (Norway and Sweden), three significantly different cultural and institutional contexts of partnering and childbearing in Europe. RESULTS We guide readers through the modelling of individual life events to obtain a set of aggregate estimates, providing information on the power, technical structure, and underlying assumptions of microsimulations. Validation of the simulated family life courses against their real-world equivalents shows that the simulations not only closely replicate observed childbearing and partnership processes, but also provide high quality predictions when compared to more recent fertility indicators. CONCLUSIONS Using observed population estimates to systematically validate the results both validates our model and increases confidence that microsimulations satisfactorily replicate the behaviour of the original population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. INTERCULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN KNOWLEDGE TRANSFERS IN THE CONTEXT OF GENERATIONAL CHANGE OF SMES IN GERMANY, UK AND ITALY.
- Author
-
FINKBEINER, PATRIC
- Subjects
KNOWLEDGE transfer ,SMALL business ,GENERATIONS ,INTERGENERATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper discusses why there is a need for a more profound analysis of the European SMEs in the context of knowledge transfer within the state of generational change of the managing board. This paper forms basis for a doctoral thesis on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Workplace practices and firm performance in manufacturing.
- Author
-
Cristini, Annalisa and Pozzoli, Dario
- Subjects
LABOR productivity ,WORK environment ,INDUSTRIAL relations ,TEAMS in the workplace ,BUSINESS enterprises - Abstract
Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of innovative workplace practices in a sample of manufacturing establishments. Design/methodology/approach -- The sample comprises manufacturing establishments located in Italy and a comparable sample extracted from the British Workplace Employee Relations Survey (WERS). The paper controls for sector, size, skill quality and industrial relations. Findings -- Job rotation and technical training are positively associated with current performance in both samples. On average, British establishments are more productive: the different endowment in terms of workplace practices, skills and industrial relations accounts for 40 per cent of the gap, while the different efficacy of the endowment on performance accounts for the remainder. Originality/value -- In both samples the introduction of team working implies a relatively important advance along the reorganisation process, which was undertaken in the early stages of reorganisation in British establishments but much later in Italian firms. Linking the progression of the reorganisation to non-convexities in supermodular production functions may be an interesting line of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Relationship between Quality and Editorial Leadership of Biomedical Research Journals: A Comparative Study of Italian and UK Journals.
- Author
-
Matarese, Valerie
- Subjects
MEDICAL periodicals ,MEDICAL journalism ,MEDICAL research ,PERIODICAL editors ,AUTHORS ,TECHNICAL writing ,LEADERSHIP ,EDITORIALS - Abstract
Background: The quality of biomedical reporting is guided by statements of several organizations. Although not all journals adhere to these guidelines, those that do demonstrate ''editorial leadership'' in their author community. To investigate a possible relationship between editorial leadership and journal quality, research journals from two European countries, one Anglophone and one non-Anglophone, were studied and compared. Quality was measured on a panel of bibliometric parameters while editorial leadership was evaluated from journals' instructions to authors. Methodology/Principal Findings: The study considered all 76 Italian journals indexed in Medline and 76 randomly chosen UK journals; only journals both edited and published in these countries were studied. Compared to UK journals, Italian journals published fewer papers (median, 60 vs. 93; p = 0.006), less often had online archives (43 vs. 74; p<0.001) and had lower median values of impact factor (1.2 vs. 2.7, p<0.001) and SCImago journal rank (0.09 vs. 0.25, p<0.001). Regarding editorial leadership, Italian journals less frequently required manuscripts to specify competing interests (p<0.001), authors' contributions (p = 0.005), funding (p<0.001), informed consent (p,0.001), ethics committee review (p<0.001). No Italian journal adhered to COPE or the CONSORT and QUOROM statements nor required clinical trial registration, while these characteristics were observed in 15%-43% of UK journals (p<0.001). At multiple regression, editorial leadership predicted 37.1%-49.9% of the variance in journal quality defined by citation statistics (p<0.0001); confounding variables inherent to a cross-cultural comparison had a relatively small contribution, explaining an additional 6.2%-13.8% of the variance. Conclusions/Significance: Journals from Italy scored worse for quality and editorial leadership than did their UK counterparts. Editorial leadership predicted quality for the entire set of journals. Greater appreciation of international initiatives to improve biomedical reporting may help low-quality journals achieve higher status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Hybridisation or Polarisation: Doctors and Accounting in the UK, Germany and Italy.
- Author
-
Jacobs, Kerry
- Subjects
ACCOUNTING ,PROFESSIONAL education ,GENERAL practitioners ,MEDICAL personnel - Abstract
This paper describes a study of doctors and the education of doctors in Germany, Italy and the UK and the changing location of accounting practices and expertise. In these countries there have been coercive reform attempts to get doctors to accept increased financial responsibility and pay greater attention to costs and budgets.suggested that Finnish doctors have willingly adopted accounting practices as part of their legitimated competencies and have become a hybrid profession. This paper address the question of whether that is a valid generalisation in Germany, Italy or the UK. The key focus of the paper is on the education and training of doctors, which should have altered if hybridisation has occurred. The finding is that there is no evidence from the countries studied that accounting has become incorporated into the formal education of doctors. While there were management and accounting training courses for doctors these were only available for those in or aiming for clinico-managerial positions. This does not support the argument that medicine has become a hybridised profession, but it does support the case for polarisation. These changes are absorbed or managed by an emergent sub-group, the medical manager. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. LingoBee--Crowd-Sourced Mobile Language Learning in the Cloud
- Author
-
Petersen, Sobah Abbas, Procter-Legg, Emma, and Cacchione, Annamaria
- Abstract
This paper describes three case studies, where language learners were invited to use "LingoBee" as a means of supporting their language learning. LingoBee is a mobile app that provides user-generated language content in a cloud-based shared repository. Assuming that today's students are mobile savvy and "Digital Natives" able to engage in language learning autonomously using technology, initial studies were conducted with little or no intervention by the language teachers. However, the support and guidance provided within a teacher-led context can impact positively on learner engagement and use of LingoBee. The case studies confirm this hypothesis. This paper answers the research question: Does the level of the support and guidance, pedagogical approach and prior learning impact on learners' engagement and use of LingoBee? [For the full proceedings, see ED562140.]
- Published
- 2013
34. Lessons from the Training Programme for Women with Domestic Violence Experience
- Author
-
Anczewska, Marta, Roszczynska-Michta, Joanna, Waszkiewicz, Justyna, Charzynska, Katarzyna, and Czabala, Czeslaw
- Abstract
It is well recognized that trauma of domestic violence has destructive impact on somatic and mental health--hence quality of life. In Poland today's assistance programs provide a quite wide range of services, including emergency shelter, crisis intervention, support groups and counselling services. While health care providers may be successful at treating the acute effects of domestic violence, these effects are not sufficiently linked to the restoration of victims' wellness and reestablishment of their connections with the community--hence social inclusion. The aim of this paper is to share with academics and mental health practitioners the experience of developing and piloting training programme for women with domestic violence experience. The objective of this descriptive study is to investigate participants' reaction to the intervention "Living better with the experience of domestic violence and mental health difficulties". The training was developed during the DAPHNE III Empowering W? project, and conducted in five countries: Greece, Italy, Slovenia, Poland, and United Kingdom. In Warsaw there were five hours workshops twice a month over sixteen weeks with six subsequent refresher sessions conducted once a month. The participants found it to be a very positive experience: effective and supportive. These results need replication and further work to identify what were the preconditions for making it such a worthwhile experience and how this could be replicated on a wider basis. [For complete volume, see ED567118.]
- Published
- 2013
35. Two Cultures, Two Dialogists and Two Intersecting Theories
- Author
-
Ravenscroft, Lesley
- Abstract
This paper presents some possibilities for applying the linguistic and psychological theories of two dialogists, Mikhail Bakhtin and Jacques Lacan, to the classroom. There is a short summary of how the two theories may interact with each other and then a discussion of their two opposing views of identity formation. Bakhtin was a Russian, coming from the collectivist paradigm and Lacan's theories were arcane combinations of Freud's emphasis on the needs of the individual and French post-Revolutionary individualism. Lacan insisted that one could only become "whole" at the cost of incompleteness for another. Bakhtin opined that completeness could only be achieved within experiences shared and co-constructed by others. This paper concludes with the question of how teachers can ensure the positive experience of co-construction rather than one person paying a cost for the other's identity-formation and whether it is possible to fully implement insights from a collectivistic paradigm in an education system where the stated aim is to enable each individual to meet his/her potential. (Contains 1 figure and 1 footnote.)
- Published
- 2012
36. A Novel Planar Antenna Array for a Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar.
- Author
-
Vincent, Shweta, Francis, Sharmila Anand John, Raimond, Kumudha, Ali, Tanweer, and Kumar, Om Prakash
- Subjects
PLANAR antenna arrays ,SYNTHETIC aperture radar ,SYNTHETIC apertures ,HORN antennas ,ANTENNA arrays ,CRUISE ships - Abstract
A MIMO GB-SAR system called MELISSA was put in place to monitor landslides in Italy and the sinking of the Costa Concordia cruise liner in France. It comprises 12 pyramidal horn antennas placed in a linear geometry for transmission, and these are used in the detection of the motion of a target (for example a landslide or other terrestrial deformation). The low half power beam width (19.76° at θ = 90°) of the transmitting radiation pattern of MELISSA results in low coverage area of the target. This paper proposes two alternative types of horn antenna for the current transmitter module of MELISSA, namely the cantenna and coaxial cavity horn antenna, for installation in a 2×6 planar antenna array. A higher value of the 3 dB beamwidth is observed using these arrays (38.320 at θ = 90° and 104.80 at φ = 0° for the cantenna array and 410 at θ = 90° and 140.40 at φ = 0° for the coaxial cavity horn antenna array). The overall gain of the proposed systems is around 10 dBi, and the efficiencies are between 85% and 90%. Using the Dolph Chebyshev beamforming technique on the proposed antenna arrays yields a zero sidelobe level, which improves the overall peak sidelobe ratio of the system and in turn the quality of the images obtained. Our proposed design for the transmitting section of the MELISSA system has applications terrestrial deformation monitoring with higher area coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Biological therapy for the treatment of prepouch ileitis: a retrospective observational study from three centers.
- Author
-
Segal, Jonathan P, Rottoli, Matteo, Felwick, Richard K, Worley, Guy HT, McLaughlin, Simon D, Vallicelli, Carlo, Bassett, Paul, Faiz, Omar D, Hart, Ailsa L, and Clark, Susan K
- Subjects
RESTORATIVE proctocolectomy ,BIOTHERAPY ,INTESTINAL diseases ,ILEOSTOMY ,ILEITIS ,ENDOSCOPY - Abstract
Introduction Background and rationale Restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is considered the procedure of choice in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) refractory to medical therapy and in those who develop colonic dysplasia or cancer.
1 The procedure is performed with the aim of improving quality of life with generally good outcomes;2 , 3 however, complications including pouchitis can arise. The incidence of acute pouchitis is 20% at 1 year and up to 40% at 5 years following surgery.4 Chronic idiopathic pouchitis develops in ~10%–15% of patients with acute pouchitis.5 , 6 Another less well-reported complication is prepouch ileitis (PPI). PPI has no standard definition but is inflammation of the ileum proximal to the pouch. The estimated frequency of PPI is 6%.7 , 8 This pattern of inflammation can extend for a significant distance into the afferent limb (up to 50 cm),9 but this is unusual.8 It is usually seen with coexisting pouchitis. It is mostly a condition that is associated with a pouch for UC and is rarely seen in patients who have undergone a pouch for familial adenomatous polyposis.9 This therefore suggests that both the immune system and the environment interact within a genetically susceptible patient to cause inflammation. As the immune system is likely to play a role in PPI, the use of biologic medications may potentially help achieve remission through the immunomodulatory actions. Furthermore, biologic drugs have been shown to result in remission in about 50% of patients with inflammation of their pouch.10 As it has been shown that PPI is often associated with pouchitis, it may therefore be beneficial in treating this problem.8 , 11 Symptoms of PPI are generally nonspecific but can include increased stool frequency, outlet obstruction, and bleeding.12 The treatment of PPI as a specific entity has been poorly studied, but it is generally treated concurrently with pouchitis. One small study looked at the effects of antibiotics on PPI in a cohort with a diagnosis of UC and showed that 86% of patients showed symptomatic improvement with significant reduction in both stool frequency and length of PPI. However, this was based on only 14 patients. Furthermore, there has been only one small case series of five patients where infliximab was found to be effective in the short term for the specific treatment of PPI in a cohort with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease.13 Historically, the limited literature reporting outcomes of biologic therapy for PPI has assumed that PPI is a Crohn's-like complication.13 – 15 Recent studies, however, have highlighted that PPI is not a strong predictor for the development of unequivocal features of Crohn's disease,11 , 12 and therefore, it is important to report treatment outcomes dependent on whether Crohn's disease is thought to be the underlying cause or not. Objectives This aim of this study was to document the efficacy of biologics for the treatment of PPI. To our knowledge, this is the largest study to explore the efficacy of all biologics for the specific treatment of PPI with the longest follow-up data. Methods Study design and setting This was a retrospective observational study across three centers. Data were collected from two centers in the UK and one center in Bologna, Italy. This included two tertiary referral centers and one district general hospital. Patients were censored at the last clinical encounter following their most recent biologic therapy or until they had pouch failure defined by the need to form an ileostomy to relieve symptoms. Participants Patients were included if they met all of the following inclusion criteria: Undergone restorative proctocolectomy for UC Evidence of PPI on endoscopic assessment with inflammation confirmed histologically Treated with infliximab, adalimumab, or vedolizumab (other biologics were not available at our centers during the study period) Variables Patients were followed up until last clinical encounter. Outcomes included the presence of PPI following biologic therapy, pouch failure defined by the need for an ileostomy, remission of PPI defined by the absence of any prepouch inflammation on endoscopic assessment within a year of biologic therapy and the need to switch to an alternative biologic. Primary nonresponse was defined as failure of clinical improvement at 12 weeks of biologic therapy. Secondary loss of response was defined as lack of clinical response to biologic therapy after 12 weeks of treatment. Lack of clinical benefit was judged by the senior clinician looking after the patient and was guided by symptoms, endoscopic, histological, and biochemical markers. A template data collection sheet was given to each sub-investigator to collect the variables of interest. Potential patients were identified using each hospital's biologics and pouch databases. Those patients identified from the database were then screened against the inclusion and exclusion criteria by interrogation of the patient's electronic and case notes. Completed templates were then collated and analyzed. Measurement of variables The use of the term Crohn's disease (CD) is controversial in pouch-related inflammatory problems.16 In our study, we defined this by the presence of conclusive histology (granulomas supporting CD) and/or presence of skip lesions in the small bowel. Pouchitis was defined using the pouch disease activity index (PDAI).17 Patients were classified as having pouchitis if their PDAI within 1 year before starting infliximab was ≥7. PPI was defined as any inflammation immediately proximal to the pouch; inflammation was defined if the endoscopist reported the presence of edema, ulceration, erythema, or contact bleeding in the immediate prepouch ileum with histological confirmation of inflammation in that section. Statistical methods All variables were analyzed using STATA (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA). Ethical approval Ethical approval was granted by the Health Research Authority (IRAS ID: 233311). The study was considered a service evaluation study, and hence as anonymized data were used, written consent was not required by our ethics committee. Local ethics was not considered a requirement by Malpighi Hospital as the study was considered an audit of practice. The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the declaration of Helsinki. Results There were 29 patients in our cohort. The median age of diagnosis of UC was 27 years (range 6–48 years). The median age of the patients at censorship was 53 years (range 19–68 years). The median time from pouch formation to diagnosis of PPI was 79 months (range 1–147 months). The median length of time a patient was on biologics at censorship was 12 months (range 2–62 months). The median length of follow-up on the whole cohort was 21 months (range 1–99 months) (Table 1). Table 1 Baseline characteristics Abbreviations: CD, Crohn's disease; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; PPI, prepouch ileitis; UC, ulcerative colitis. Ten patients were reclassified as having confirmed CD after a median time from formation of pouch of 202 months (range 1–372 months; Figure 1). Six had granulomas on further histological assessment and skip lesions on small bowel imaging and four had granulomas on histology alone. Figure 1 Kaplan–Meier graph for pouch failure. Notes: Log rank test comparing "survival" times in the two groups P=0.72, no evidence of a difference between groups. Abbreviations: CD, Crohn's disease; UC, ulcerative colitis. Change of medications One patient had primary nonresponse to infliximab and was changed to vedolizumab. Nine other patients had secondary loss of response to infliximab; of these, six were changed to adalimumab and three were changed to vedolizumab. Of all those in whom the first biologic failed, the median time to failure was 12.0 months (range 2–39 months). Remission and pouch failure At last endoscopic follow-up within 1 year of starting a biologic, 20 of 29 patients still had endoscopic evidence of PPI, seven had achieved remission, and two had no endoscopic follow-up. Of the six patients who achieved endoscopic remission, four had a biopsy from the prepouch ileum which demonstrated histological remission. The other two were not biopsied at endoscopic follow-up. Of the seven who had achieved remission, five have stopped all medications and remained clinically well, one was taking colifoam enemas and one used cyclical metronidazole to maintain symptomatic response. All patients who had achieved remission were patients who had their biologic for PPI with coexisting pouchitis. In our cohort, 11 patients went on to pouch failure after a median time from starting a biologic of 25 months (range 14–91 months). Of those who had their UC reclassified to CD, three of ten patients (30%) had pouch failure compared with eight of 19 (42%) who had UC (P=0.72) (Figure 1). The cumulative 1-, 2-, 5-, and 8-year failure rates were 0%, 17%, 30%, and 38%, respectively (Figure 1). Discussion PPI remains a difficult condition to treat. Our study has highlighted that the use of biologics for PPI is associated with relatively low remission rates of 31% at a median follow-up of 20.5 months (range 1–99 months). When using biologics for PPI, there was pouch failure in just over one third of the cohort after a median follow-up of 25 months (range 14–91 months). In our small cohort, we found that PPI associated with CD had lower rates of failure than PPI with UC but this was not statistically significant. Although it is hard to draw conclusions in a small study, it is possible that PPI associated with CD has different response rates to PPI associated with UC but this will require further exploration in larger prospective studies. There are a paucity of data highlighting the outcomes of biologic treatments in inflammatory pouch problems. A systematic review that included all chronic inflammatory pouch problems highlighted that remission could be achieved in 53%.18 Only under a quarter of patients achieved remission from their PPI when using a biologic, suggesting that the presence of PPI is associated with a less favorable treatment response. It has been shown that PPI is often associated with pouchitis.8 , 11 As such it is difficult to know what additional contribution to symptoms is made by PPI, or if PPI in isolation requires any different treatment from pouchitis, or indeed should be classified as CD, as it effectively represents a skip lesion. It has however been demonstrated that PPI is likely to be a poor prognostic sign and associated with higher rates of pouch failure19 and therefore treatment with the aim of achieving remission may be associated with better outcomes. This study has highlighted that PPI has practical and clinical implications. It is therefore essential that this complication is recorded during endoscopic pouch assessment. This study is limited by small numbers and retrospective analysis. It is also limited by relative heterogeneity in patient cohort. Ideally future studies should explore comparing treatments for PPI in direct head to head trials. It is also surprising that no patients had prior exposure to a biologic. It has been reported that in patients with UC who require a biologic, those previously exposed to a biologic had poorer outcomes than those who had never previously been exposed to a biologic medication20 and so future work may help understand if this trend also occurs in those with PPI. A standard definition of PPI would also aid our understanding and outcomes of this complication, which has been shown to have a poorer prognosis than pouchitis in isolation. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the largest study to explore the efficacy of all biologics for the specific treatment of PPI with the longest follow-up data. Biologics fail to achieve endoscopic remission of PPI in the majority of patients. In a small proportion of patients, they may help to prevent deterioration in pouch dysfunctional symptoms. In a large proportion of patients with PPI, surgery with indefinite diversion may be required despite biologic use. Acknowledgments This paper was presented in abstract form at the British Society of Gastroenterology Conference in Liverpool, UK, 2018 with interim findings. The poster's abstract was entitled "Biological therapy for the treatment of pre-pouch ileitis: a retrospective experience from three centres" and was published in "Poster Abstracts" GUT which can be found at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-BSGAbstracts.183 (category: inflammatory bowel disease). Author contributions JPS, MR, CV, and RKF collected the data. JPS analyzed the data and prepared the manuscript. JPS and PB performed statistical analysis. JPS, MR, CV, RKF, GHTW, SDM, ALH, SKC, and ODF have revised the manuscript critically and prepared the final version of the manuscript. All authors contributed to data analysis, drafting and revising the article, gave final approval of the version to be published, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. References 1. Sandborn WJ. Pouchitis: definition, risk factors, frequency, natural history, classification, and public health perspective. Trends Inflamm Bowel Dis Ther 1996. 1997. 2. de Buck van Overstraeten A, Wolthuis AM, Vermeire S, et al. Long-term functional outcome after ileal pouch anal anastomosis in 191 patients with ulcerative colitis. J Crohns Colitis. 2014;8(10):1261–1266. 3. Tulchinsky H, Dotan I, Halpern Z, Klausner JM, Rabau M. A longitudinal study of quality of life and functional outcome of patients with ulcerative colitis after proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2010;53(6):866–873. 4. Lepistö A, Luukkonen P, Järvinen HJ. Cumulative failure rate of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and quality of life after failure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45(10):1289–1294. 5. Pardi DS, Shen B. Endoscopy in the management of patients after ileal pouch surgery for ulcerative colitis. Endoscopy. 2008;40(6):529–533. 6. Shen B. Pouchitis: what every gastroenterologist needs to know. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11(12):1538–1549. 7. Samaan MA, de Jong D, Sahami S, et al. Incidence and Severity of Prepouch Ileitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2016;22(3):662–668. 8. Mclaughlin SD, Clark SK, Bell AJ, Tekkis PP, Ciclitira PJ, Nicholls RJ. Incidence and short-term implications of prepouch ileitis following restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009;52(5):879–883. 9. Bell AJ, Price AB, Forbes A, Ciclitira PJ, Groves C, Nicholls RJ. Pre-pouch ileitis: a disease of the ileum in ulcerative colitis after restorative proctocolectomy. Colorectal Dis. 2006;8(5):402–410. 10. Segal JP, Ding NS, Worley G, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the management of chronic refractory pouchitis with an evidence-based treatment algorithm. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45(5):581–592. 11. Segal JP, Mclaughlin SD, Faiz OD, Hart AL, Clark SK. Incidence and long-term implications of prepouch ileitis: an observational study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2018;61(4):472–475. 12. Rottoli M, Vallicelli C, Bigonzi E, et al. Prepouch ileitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: patterns of presentation and risk factors for failure of treatment. J Crohns Colitis. 2018;12(3):273–279. 13. Colombel JF, Ricart E, Loftus EV, et al. Management of Crohn's disease of the ileoanal pouch with infliximab. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(10):2239–2244. 14. Shen B, Remzi FH, Lavery IC, et al. Administration of adalimumab in the treatment of Crohn's disease of the ileal pouch. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29(5):519–526. 15. Ferrante M, D'Haens G, Dewit O, et al. Efficacy of infliximab in refractory pouchitis and Crohn's disease-related complications of the pouch: a Belgian case series. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010;16(2):243–249. 16. Lightner AL, Pemberton JH, Loftus EJ. Crohn's Disease of the Ileoanal Pouch. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2016;22(6):1502–1508. 17. Sandborn WJ, Tremaine WJ, Batts KP, Pemberton JH, Phillips SF. Pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: a Pouchitis Disease Activity Index. Mayo Clin Proc. 1994;69(5):409–415. 18. Segal JP, Ding NS, Worley G, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the management of chronic refractory pouchitis with an evidence-based treatment algorithm. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45(5):581–592. 19. Segal JP, Mclaughlin SD, Faiz OD, Hart AL, Clark SK. Incidence and long-term implications of prepouch ileitis: an observational study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2018;61(4):472–475. 20. Reinisch W, Sandborn WJ, Hommes DW, et al. Adalimumab for induction of clinical remission in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results of a randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2011;60(6):780–787. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Agora IX: Alternative Education and Training Processes (Thessaloniki, Greece, June 26-27, 2000). CEDEFOP Panorama Series.
- Author
-
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Thessaloniki (Greece).
- Abstract
This document contains the agenda and papers presented at the Agora IX meeting in Thessaloniki, Greece in June 2000 on alternative education and training processes. The papers are "Integration of Migrant Pupils in the Danish Education System" (Bang); "Support Services for Inclusive Education" (De Vroey); "Single Sex Schooling or Coeducation?" (Schrodt); "Serving the Needs of Gifted Individuals: The Optimal Match Model" (Monks); "The Common Culture Needed for the Democratic Transformation of Schools" (Rochex); "Danish Production Schools" (Ljung); "A Review of the Training Workshops and Craft Centres in Extremadura" (Lucas); "Combating Social and Economic Exclusion" (Brodigan); "The Irish Leaving Certificate Applied: Trojan Horse or Contrived Equilibrium?" (Gleeson); "Contribution of Mr. Manfred Schneider from the BBJ-Unternehmensgruppe" (Manfred Schneider); "Strategies to Combat Failure at School: A Comparison of Italian and European Experiences" (Montedoro); "Nightriders Tailoring Training to Young People's Lifestyles" (Lavelle); "Comprehensive Education or Removal of Pupils: The Dilemma Facing Education Systems in Responding to School Failure" (Casal); "The New Skills Approach The Roles of those Involved' (Rue); "The Relationship Between Centralised and Decentralised Learning in Vocational Training" (Vogel); "Company Role and Responsibility in Education and Training" (Suomalainen); and "The Role of Local Authorities in the Integration of Disadvantaged Young People in Germany" (Schlegel). The document contains a list of event participants. (SLR/CL)
- Published
- 2003
39. Influence of frailty on cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Study protocol for a multicentre European observational study.
- Author
-
Verduri, Alessia, Clini, Enrico, Carter, Ben, and Hewitt, Jonathan
- Subjects
CHRONIC obstructive pulmonary disease ,FRAILTY ,INHALERS ,RESEARCH protocols ,POISSON regression ,MORTALITY - Abstract
Background: Frailty is a clinical state that increases susceptibility to minor stressor events. The risk of frailty is higher in chronic conditions, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Recent studies on COPD have shown that patients living with frailty have an increased risk of mortality. The presence of cardiovascular diseases or conditions are common in COPD and may increase the risk of death. Methods: This protocol describes a European prospective cohort study of community-based people, in a stable condition with diagnosis of COPD (as defined by GOLD guidelines) across hospitals in Italy and UK. Frailty prevalence will be assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale. At 1- and 2-year follow up, primary outcome will be the impact of frailty on the number of cardiovascular events; secondary outcomes: the influence of frailty on cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and deaths due to COPD. For the primary outcome a zero-inflated Poisson regression will compare the number of cardiovascular events at 1 year. Secondary outcomes will be analysed using the time to mortality. Discussion: This multicentre study will assess the association between frailty and cardiovascular events and mortality in population with COPD. Data collection is prospective and includes routine clinical data. This research will have important implications for the management of patients with COPD to improve their quality of care, and potentially prognosis. Trial registration number: NCT05922202 (www.clinicaltrials.gov). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. AGGREGATE EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS AND (PARTIAL) LABOUR MARKET REFORMS.
- Author
-
Jiménez-Rodríguez, Rebeca and Russo, Giuseppe
- Subjects
EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR market - Abstract
ABSTRACT European labour markets have undergone several important innovations over the last three decades. Most countries have reformed their labour markets since the mid-1990s, with the liberalization of fixed-term contracts and temporary work agencies being the common elements to such reforms. This paper investigates the existence of a change in the dynamic behaviour of the aggregate employment for major European Union countries - France, Germany, Italy and Spain. According to our results, partial labour market reforms have made the response of the aggregate employment to output shocks larger and quite comparable to that found for the UK - the most flexible labour market in Europe since the Thatcher reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Progress in combating cigarette smuggling: controlling the supply chain.
- Author
-
Joossens, L. and Raw, M.
- Subjects
SMUGGLING ,TOBACCO industry ,SUPPLY chain management ,TOBACCO & health - Abstract
Background: The illicit tobacco trade results in huge losses of revenue to governments, estimated at $US40-50 billion in 2006, and in increased consumption and thus health problems because it makes tobacco available more cheaply. On 20 October 2008 the second meeting of the International Negotiating Body (INB2) on the illicit trade protocol of WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) will discuss measures to tackle the illicit trade in tobacco products. Methods: This paper presents the experience over the last decade of three countries, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, which shows that tobacco smuggling can be successfully tackled. Conclusion: The evidence strongly suggests that the key to controlling smuggling is controlling the supply chain, and that the supply chain is controlled to a great extent by the tobacco industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. WHAT APPEARS TO MAKE SEA EFFECTIVE IN DIFFERENT PLANNING SYSTEMS.
- Author
-
GAZZOLA, PAOLA
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring ,SYSTEM analysis - Abstract
If Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is to develop into an effective decision support instrument globally, then it should not just rely only on the input provided by a selected group of countries. In this context, the understanding of how to apply SEA effectively in different planning systems is unlikely to improve if the knowledge about those systems is limited. This paper establishes what appears to make SEA effective in two countries with different planning systems: Italy and the UK. Italy is chosen as an example, representing a specific Southern-European planning culture, which to date has not contributed to the SEA literature to any great extent. Based on empirical observations, it is suggested that the SEA effectiveness elements portrayed in the international literature are not fully valid. The UK is chosen as an example, which represents a specific Northern-European planning culture. Countries representing this planning culture have contributed heavily to the international SEA literature and have influenced the development of SEA theory strongly. In this context, the SEA effectiveness elements and benefits portrayed in the international literature appear to be valid. As part of a PhD research project, this paper builds on the findings of a content analysis of the international SEA literature (Fischer and Gazzola, 2006). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Patterns of Labour Market Entry - Long Wait or Career Instability? An Empirical Comparison of Italy, Great Britain and West Germany.
- Author
-
Scherer, Stefani
- Subjects
LABOR market ,MARKET share ,EMPLOYMENT ,INDUSTRIAL policy ,TRADE regulation ,UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Current discussion in Europe focuses closely on (partial) labour market de-regulation as a means to combat constantly high (youth) unemployment. The paper argues that this perspective is too narrow and fails to account for existing national institutional differences. It suggests that the focus should instead be on a combination of different institutional settings, rather than on single aspects. This general issue is approached by investigating the labour market entry process and its determinants in three European countries: West Germany, Italy and Great Britain. These countries differ substantially in their combinations of relevant institutional aspects: labour market regulation, and the education and training systems. Consequently, they display three distinct patterns of labour market entry. Great Britain is characterised by rapid but rather unstable market entry, whilst market entry in Germany is also rapid but relatively stable. The main problems exist in Italy, where first job searches are very protracted. However, once jobs have been found, they are rather stable. Despite substantial deregulation efforts in Italy over the past decade, this situation has changed little. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. In Fear of International Law.
- Author
-
Shearer, Ivan
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL law ,FEDERAL government - Abstract
The thesis of this paper is that governments of some otherwise enlightened states are increasingly fearful of acknowledging the restraints imposed on them by existing international law. They are also reluctant to enter into new commitments by way of international conventions that would expand the reach of international law. The paper asks whether these fears are based on a true understanding of international law or on some distorted view of it. It will draw comparisons and some contrasts between Australia and the United States in their reactions to a number of recent events as well as to some enduring situations of contemporary relevance. Had time (and the limits of my research) permitted, one might also have examined public attitudes toward international law in China, Japan, and Russia in this context, where similar fears appear to be entertained. France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, also enlightened states, appear by contrast to belong to a group more dedicated to international law. As Robert Kagan has recently remarked, the experience of two world wars at close quarters, and the formation of the European Union, have made the European countries more dedicated to process, where the United States is more interested in results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Virtual vegetables and adopted sheep: ethical relation, authenticity and Internet-mediated food production technologies.
- Author
-
Holloway, Lewis
- Subjects
FOOD production ,INTERNET ,FOOD industry - Abstract
Associating ideas related to cultural geographies of ‘quality’ food production and consumption with recent discussion of Internet technologies, virtuality and simulation, this paper examines two newly constituted Internet enterprises offering customers ‘virtual’ experiences of food production, and ‘quality’ food products in which they have invested. The paper shows how these enterprises are associated with particular types of geographical and ethical relation, and a search for ‘authentic’, connected, relationships with food, farming, locality and ‘nature’. These relationships are constituted in an assemblage of things held together by flows of food, products, money and electronic communication. The paper ends by suggesting a number of theoretical ideas that might usefully be explored in empirical research into Internet-mediated food production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Education and New Developments 2017
- Author
-
Carmo, Mafalda
- Abstract
This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2017), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2017 received 581 submissions, from 55 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. The conference accepted for presentation 176 submissions (30% acceptance rate). The conference also includes a keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher, Professor Lizbeth Goodman, Chair of Creative Technology Innovation and Professor of Inclusive Design for Learning at University College Dublin; Founder/Director of SMARTlab, Director of the Inclusive Design Research Centre of Ireland, Founder of The MAGIC Multimedia and Games Innovation Centre, Ireland, to whom we express our most gratitude. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also covers different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity; Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change, Corporate Education. This book contains the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, and of course, to our organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. [This document contains the proceedings of END 2017: International Conference on Education and New Developments (Lisbon, Portugal, June 24-26, 2017).]
- Published
- 2017
47. Variables Affecting Student Motivation Based on Academic Publications
- Author
-
Yilmaz, Ercan, Sahin, Mehmet, and Turgut, Mehmet
- Abstract
In this study, the variables having impact on the student motivation have been analyzed based on the articles, conference papers, master's theses and doctoral dissertations published in the years 2000-2017. A total of 165 research papers were selected for the research material and the data were collected through qualitative research techniques through document review and content analysis. According to the research results, the most important factors affecting student motivation are the fields of teacher, teachers' classroom management skills and their teaching methods. In this research, factors having less influence on the student motivation are parental communication, student characteristics and study fields. In addition, relational search type was used more than others, mostly students were selected as the study group and most researches were conducted in USA and Turkey.
- Published
- 2017
48. Choosing to Remain Childless? A Comparative Study of Fertility Intentions Among Women and Men in Italy and Britain.
- Author
-
Fiori, Francesca, Rinesi, Francesca, and Graham, Elspeth
- Subjects
CHILDLESSNESS ,FERTILITY -- Social aspects ,GENDER differences (Psychology) ,WOMEN - Abstract
Pathways to childlessness may differ not only between individuals but also at the population level. This paper investigates differences in childlessness by comparing two countries-Britain and Italy-where levels of childlessness are high in comparison with many other European countries, but which have distinct fertility trajectories and family regimes. Using data from two large, representative national samples of women and men of reproductive age in a co-residential partnership, it presents a rich analysis of the characteristics associated with intended childlessness, net of the aspects associated with being childless at interview. Although childlessness intentions are generally comparable between men and women of the same age, results show a link between socio-economic disadvantage and childlessness for British men as well as the importance of men's employment for childbearing decisions in Italy. These findings support the view that pathways into childlessness are gendered and highlight the importance of partnership context in the understanding of fertility intentions. Then, the level of childlessness at interview is comparable across the two countries. However, a higher proportion of respondents in Italy is only provisionally childless, whereas a larger proportion of British respondents intends to remain childless. Framing these differences in fertility intentions within the wider context of family and fertility regimes allows insight into the extent to which observed levels of lifetime childlessness at the population level might result from a specific combination of intended childlessness, postponed decisions leading to involuntary childlessness, or constraints affecting abilities to achieve intentions at the individual level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Scrutiny of COVID-19 response strategies among severely affected European nations.
- Author
-
Stephen, Shine, Issac, Alwin, Radhakrishnan, Rakesh Vadakkethil, Jacob, Jaison, Vijay, V. R., Jose, Sam, Azhar, S. M., Nair, Anoop S., Krishnan, Nadiya, Sharma, Rakesh, and Dhandapani, Manju
- Subjects
INFECTION control ,HEALTH policy ,STRATEGIC planning ,DECISION making ,COVID-19 pandemic ,EMERGENCY management - Abstract
Although the health care systems in Europe are considered the global benchmark, European nations were severely affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This manuscript aimed to examine the strategies implemented to combat the COVID-19 pandemic by France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Germany, and Russia and their outcomes in terms of the number of cases, testing, and deaths. This is the first review of its kind that extensively analyzes the preparedness, mitigation, and response strategies against the COVID-19 pandemic adopted by these nations. This paper further suggests a strategic preparedness model for future pandemics. From the analysis, we found that a decentralized approach, prompt decision-making and timely execution, coordination between local health authorities, and public participation in the implementation of strategies could substantially reduce the case fatality rate. Nations with a high percentage of gross domestic product invested in the health sector, as well as more nurses, physicians, hospital beds, intensive care unit beds, and ventilators, better managed the pandemic. Instead, nations that postponed their pandemic response by delaying tracking, tracing, testing, quarantine, and lockdown were badly affected. The lessons learned from the present pandemic could be used as a guide to prepare for further pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Mapping the Integration of the Sustainable Development Goals in Universities: Is It a Field of Study?
- Author
-
Murillo-Vargas, Guillermo, Gonzalez-Campo, Carlos Hernan, and Brath, Diony Ico
- Abstract
This article maps the scientific production and the contents associated with the sustainable development goals and their integration with universities during the past 21 years. Although many of the topics related to sustainable development goals (SDGs) have been addressed in different studies for decades, it is since 2015 onwards that they gained greater prominence due to the inclusion of higher education as an important actor in the fulfillment of the 2030 agenda and the United Nations SDGs. For the purpose of this paper, a bibliometric analysis of 871 papers, 535 documents in Scopus, and 336 in Web of Science (WoS) from 1998 to 2019 was performed, and the Bibliometrix analysis tool was used. The objective of this mapping is to answer the following research question: Is the integration of the Sustainable Development Goals and Universities a field of study? An analysis of the network of collaborators and trend topics in Scopus and WoS allows us to identify the concurrence and relationships of some keywords, such as sustainable development, sustainability and planning, and some background words, such as humans and global health. In another analysis, the word "higher education" is related to change. This article suggests that the integration of the Sustainable Development Goals in Universities is becoming a field of study under exploration, with a peak of production in 2016 and that has remained stable in the last three years, but thanks to the leading role assigned to Universities, intellectual production should increase in the following years.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.