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To deal with the issues of high computational cost and prediction uncertainty of numerical models in train-induced ground-borne vibration prediction, a prediction method based on transfer learning is proposed in this study. In this method, the vehicle–track-coupled analytical model and three-dimensional finite element model are first used to calculate the train-induced ground vibration under various condition variables, and these data were used as training samples to pre-train the deep neural network models. Numerous train-induced ground vibration experiments were then conducted along the metro lines in Beijing, and those measured vibration data were used to fine-tune the pre-trained deep neural network model with the transfer learning strategy. A random variable obeying a Gaussian distribution is assumed over the predicted vibration acceleration levels to model the randomness of train-induced vibration, and the parameters of this distribution were determined by the statistical results of vibration monitoring data in the metro tunnels. The fully trained model could complete the prediction of train-induced ground vibration in seconds. Finally, a case study was carried out, by comparing the probabilistic prediction results with the statistical results of the field measurements, and the feasibility and the improvement of the proposed method were demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface settlement is one of the key engineering issues during shield construction process. In order to accurately predict surface settlement, this paper proposes a new machine learning method based on relevance vector machine (RVM), principal component analysis (PCA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Taking Beijing Metro Line 6 as a case study, the PCA-PSO-RVM model is used to make the prediction and compared with the prediction results of the RVM model using the same samples. In order to evaluate the reliability of the model, three evaluation indexes including mean relative error (MRE), root mean square error (RMSE), and Theil inequality coefficient (TIC) were calculated, and sensitivity analysis was carried out on them. The results show that the minimum relative error between PCA-PSO-RVM and the actual value is only 0.06%. The calculated MRE, RMSE, and TIC are 0.17%, 0.0714 mm, and 0.027%, respectively, which shows that PCA-PSO-RVM model has higher prediction accuracy, smaller deviations, and higher reliability compared with the three other models. Through sensitivity analysis, it is found that the weighted average internal friction angle (φ) has the most significant impact on the surface settlement, which should be focused on in relevant research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the limitation of carbon emissions, China's photovoltaic (PV) industry has developed vigorously, while some traditional heavy industries have been violently hit. Therefore, the industrial production data exhibits significant nonlinear and complexity characteristics, which may affect prediction accuracy, thus hindering the corresponding department's decision-making. Consequently, a novel structure-adaptive fractional Bernoulli grey model is presented in this paper to surmount this toughie, and the core innovations can be summarized as follows. Initially, a novel time function term is utilized to depict the accumulative time effect, which can smoothly represent the dynamic variations and significantly strengthen the robustness of the new model. Besides, the fractional-order accumulation technique, which could effectively improve the predicting accuracy, is employed in the proposed model. Furthermore, the adaptability and generalizability of the proposed model can be enhanced by the self-adaptive parameters optimized by the Particle Swarm Optimization. For illustration and verification purposes, experiments on forecasting the annual output of Photovoltaic modules in China and the annual output of steel in Beijing are compared with a range of benchmarks, including the classic GM (1, 1), conventional econometric technology, and machine learning methods. And the results confirmed that the proposed model is superior to all benchmark models, which indicates that the novel model is indeed suitable for industrial production forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, due to human activities, industrialization, and urbanization, air pollution has become a life-threatening factor in many countries around the world. Among air pollutants, Particulate Matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μ m ( P M 2.5 ) is a serious health problem. It causes various illnesses such as respiratory tract and cardiovascular diseases. Hence, it is necessary to accurately predict the P M 2.5 concentrations in order to prevent the citizens from the dangerous impact of air pollution beforehand. The variation of P M 2.5 depends on a variety of factors, such as meteorology and the concentration of other pollutants in urban areas. In this paper, we implemented a deep learning solution to predict the hourly forecast of P M 2.5 concentration in Beijing, China, based on CNN-LSTM, with a spatial-temporal feature by combining historical data of pollutants, meteorological data, and P M 2.5 concentration in the adjacent stations. We examined the difference in performances among Deep learning algorithms such as LSTM, Bi-LSTM, GRU, Bi-GRU, CNN, and a hybrid CNN-LSTM model. Experimental results indicate that our method "hybrid CNN-LSTM multivariate" enables more accurate predictions than all the listed traditional models and performs better in predictive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Determining accurate PM2.5 pollution concentrations and understanding their dynamic patterns are crucial for scientifically informed air pollution control strategies. Traditional reliance on linear correlation coefficients for ascertaining PM2.5-related factors only uncovers superficial relationships. Moreover, the invariance of conventional prediction models restricts their accuracy. To enhance the precision of PM2.5 concentration prediction, this study introduces a novel integrated model that leverages feature selection and a clustering algorithm. Comprising three components—feature selection, clustering, and integrated prediction—the model first employs the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) to identify the most impactful features affecting PM2.5 concentration within air pollutants and meteorological factors. This step offers more valuable feature data for subsequent modules. The model then adopts a two-layer clustering method (SOM+K-means) to analyze the multifaceted irregularity within the dataset. Finally, the model establishes the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) weak learner for each classification, integrating multiple weak learners using the AdaBoost algorithm to obtain a comprehensive prediction model. Through feature correlation enhancement, data irregularity exploration, and model adaptability improvement, the proposed model significantly enhances the overall prediction performance. Data sourced from 12 Beijing-based monitoring sites in 2016 were utilized for an empirical study, and the model's results were compared with five other predictive models. The outcomes demonstrate that the proposed model significantly heightens prediction accuracy, offering useful insights and potential for broadened application to multifactor correlation concentration prediction methodologies for other pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil moisture is one of the main factors in agricultural production and hydrological cycles, and its precise prediction is important for the rational use and management of water resources. However, soil moisture involves complex structural characteristics and meteorological factors, and it is difficult to establish an ideal mathematical model for soil moisture prediction. Existing prediction models have problems such as prediction accuracy, generalization, and multi-feature processing capability, and prediction performance must improve. Based on this, taking the Beijing area as the research object, the deep learning regression network (DNNR) with big data fitting capability was proposed to construct a soil moisture prediction model. By integrating the dataset, analyzing the time series of the predictive variables, and clarifying the relationship between features and predictive variables through the Taylor diagram, selected meteorological parameters can provide effective weights for moisture prediction. Test results prove that the deep learning model is feasible and effective for soil moisture prediction. Its’ good data fitting and generalization capability can enrich the input characteristics while ensuring high accuracy in predicting the trends and values of soil moisture data and provides an effective theoretical basis for water-saving irrigation and drought control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]