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Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect on fish reproduction of final treated effluent from a thermomechanical pulp mill in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, was studied using mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), an endemic fish species of the Atlantic coast of North America. A 1997 artificial stream study at the same mill showed a reduction in gonad sizes in mummichog after a 28-day exposure to 3% final treated effluent. In 2005, we reevaluated final treated effluent, and conducted a toxicity source evaluation to identity waste stream sources within the mill that may cause reproductive effects. Relative to reference, no significant differences in gonad size, plasma levels of gonadal sex steroids, egg production, or stage of egg development were observed in fish exposed to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% final treated effluent or in-mill waste streams. Unlike the previous study in 1997, these data indicate a low potential for an effect of final effluent on fish reproduction. Since the 1997 study there were no major process changes that could explain the differences in the results. However, there was high variability in gonad size, egg production, and endocrine endpoints measured in the more recent test, which resulted in low power to detect differences. This has prompted research to refine the current reproductive test by optimizing study design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and fish sex steroid receptors was investigated using two separate controlled fish exposures to final effluent from a bleached sulfite/groundwood mill in New Brunswick, Canada. In the first experiment, hepatic tissue extracts from exposed fish were fractionated according to lipophilicity. Fractions with different octanol-water (Kow) partition coefficients were tested for the presence of bioavailable chemicals that function as ligands for the AhR in H4IIE cells, rainbow trout hepatic estrogen receptors (ER), goldfish testicular androgen receptors (AR), and goldfish sex steroid binding protein (SSBP). Fish accumulated ligands for each receptor after 4-d exposure to effluent. Single fractions contained ligands for the AhR and the ER, while multiple fractions competed for the AR and SSBP. Fish also accumulated ligands for the AhR and SSBP from Saint John River dilution water, indicating upstream sources of bioactive substances. Semipermeable-membrane devices deployed concurrently with fish accumulated ligands from effluent for all receptors except the ER. In the second experiment, accumulated ligands were evaluated after exposure of fish to effluent for two different durations and following a depuration period. Hepatic mixed function oxygenase activity and whole-liver hormonal activity, measured as binding to SSBP, returned to background following 6 d depuration and were reduced but still significant after 12-d exposure to effluent. Whole-liver extract affinities for the AR were maintained after extended exposure and depuration, indicating the potential for AR ligands to bioaccumulate. The accumulation of AhR ligands and ligands for sex steroid receptors provides a mechanistic linkage to effects on growth, development, and performance of fish exposed to effluent from this and other mills.

As part of a larger survey on cumulative effects within the Saint John River basin (Canada), a fish survey was conducted near Edmundston (NB, Canada) in the fall of 1999 using slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). The discharge environment receives effluent from the pulp mill, a paper mill, three sewage discharges, and tributaries receiving agricultural runoff. Sculpin collected downstream of the sewage discharges and pulp mill effluent had greater growth, condition, and liver size but no significant differences in gonad size. Stable isotope data indicated slimy sculpin did not move between sites. Female sculpin collected downstream of the paper mill showed no significant differences in length, body weight, age, condition factor, liver size, and gonad size compared to fish from reference sites. Female white sucker collected downstream of the pulp mill did not differ significantly in any measured parameter compared to reference fish. Liver sizes of white sucker from the Saint John River were outside the range considered to be indicative of uncontaminated riverine sites. In 2000, sculpin collected downstream from a poultry-processing facility had larger livers and lower condition factors, suggesting that the site is contaminated. We found no significant differences in sculpin length, weight, condition (except for males), and liver size in sculpin collected downstream from the pulp mill in October 2001. The responses of slimy sculpin and white sucker differed, perhaps in relation to differences in life history characteristics. Results from this study indicate the slimy sculpin is a suitable fish species for monitoring rivers that receive multiple industrial and municipal effluents.

This article summarizes the paper "A Discussion Paper on New Brunswick's Tax System" released by the New Brunswick Department of Finance in 2008. According to the paper, for the province to achieve economic growth, direct taxes on business must strive to be neutral with respect to all sectors of the economy and firm size. It claims that the lower tax rate for small businesses discourages small businesses from expanding. It also proposes raising revenue from a carbon tax of an unspecified rate based on the British Columbia model.

The story of the dramatic rise of pulp and paper as the most important manufacturing industry in Canada by the end of the 1920s is well known. Less well known are the difficulties of the industry in its early years of development (1890-1910). The pool of technical and mechanical knowledge in Canada to run a pulp and paper mill was shallow. In addition, markets tended to be unstable and access to sufficient quantities of capital and wood was precarious in some places. There were notable successes but also enough errors to doom a large number of enterprises. New Brunswick mills experienced all the pitfalls of pulp production during this era, none more so than the Cushing Sulphite Fibre Company, despite the fad that the main financier and the mill manager were prominent figures in the early history of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In October 2022, New Brunswick Minister of Education and Early Childhood Development Dominic Cardy publicly resigned and widely disclosed his disappointment with Premier Blaine Higgs' leadership. Using Cardy's unprecedented public resignation letter as a primary source, this paper explores the inner workings of neoliberal governance and privatization in public education and critically analyzes data manipulation, governance shifts, and problematic conservative "hands-offism." Applying a rhizomatic methodological framing and theoretically drawing from Bourdieu and Passeron's (1977) conceptualization of symbolic violence and Gilmore's (2008) notion of "organized abandonment," we argue that neoliberal governance and privatization disproportionately affect vulnerable communities and weaken democratic processes. To understand these complexities, we utilize a rhizomatic analysis, simultaneously considering historical and geographical contexts, governance structures, and political narratives. We conclude that neoliberal governance and privatization are inherently symbolically violent, as they are used in tandem to perpetually defund and dismantle public institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research shows that an accurate simulation of vehicle–bridge systems is not feasible using beam models because they cannot adequately represent the torsional and transverse behavior of a bridge. Three-dimensional dynamic vehicle–bridge analytical solutions and FE models can also be cumbersome to develop and are prone to errors from idealization and modeling assumptions. To address these limitations, this paper presents a novel analytical vehicle–bridge simulation method that utilizes the experimentally estimated modal parameters of a bridge structure. The estimated modes from ambient vibration tests inherently enable the simulation to be valid for any generalized structural system and boundary condition because they truly represent the actual structure. In this paper, the mathematical derivation of the analytical model using plate vibration is presented in detail, the framework for the application of the model is outlined, and the proposed model is validated using a full-scale case study arterial highway bridge in the Canadian Province of New Brunswick. The proposed model offers a valuable solution applicable to real-time structural health monitoring and diagnostics, bridge weight in motion, and drive-by vehicle monitoring fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of New Brunswick Studies / Revue d'etudes sur le Nouveau-Brunswick is the property of Journal of New Brunswick Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of New Brunswick Studies / Revue d'etudes sur le Nouveau-Brunswick is the property of Journal of New Brunswick Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of New Brunswick Studies / Revue d'etudes sur le Nouveau-Brunswick is the property of Journal of New Brunswick Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To the extent he is remembered today, Brigadier General Anthony Walton White is hailed as one of New Brunswick, New Jersey’s, most illustrious residents and a reminder of the city’s significance during the American Revolution. This account of White’s career reveals that he was far from successful in the military or in business. Born to wealth on an estate along the Raritan River, White relied on family ties and political connections to gain appointments in the military and government throughout his life. He forswore allegiance to Great Britain in 1775 and sought a position on Gen. George Washington’s staff. Washington interviewed White but was unimpressed and declined to appoint him to his staff. White became a cavalry officer and served throughout the Revolutionary War, but his military record was hardly unblemished, and he faced several inquiries into his conduct and courts-martial proceedings. In the 1790s he served in the suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion and in 1798 was promoted to the rank of brigadier general during the quasiwar against France. George Washington reckoned him one of the least capable and most insufferable officers in the US Army. White fared no better in civilian life or business. After the revolution, he lost his sizeable inheritance in a series of bad investments. He also squandered the wealth inherited by his young bride, a girl he met during his service in South Carolina. White filed for bankruptcy in 1802 and died the following year. White was not a villain, but neither was he a hero. His life, like history generally, offers a complicated and cautionary tale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacy practice continues to advance, allowing professionals to contribute further to patient care and the healthcare system. Pharmacists are authorized to perform point-of-care testing (POCT) in seven out of ten Canadian provinces. In considering the potential for enhanced clinical decision-making with the opportunity to gain patient data at the site of care, the New Brunswick College of Pharmacists (NBCP) proceeded to draft regulatory amendments and a policy to enable POCT scope in New Brunswick. Policy writing is a core function of Provincial Regulatory Authorities in Canada as the process determines principles that direct pharmacy practice. Each province has a differing scope of practice and method for developing documents. This paper highlights the approach, analysis, and findings of the NBCP pursuant to drafting a POCT policy. The policy development process included a literature search and environmental scan of the ten Canadian provincial regulatory authorities along with other countries. The findings highlighted in this paper describe the use of POCT, quality assurance, regulatory framework, educational opportunities, and the role of pharmacy technicians in relation to POCT in a pharmacy setting. The approach NBCP took to engage professionals and decisions on the direction of the policy are described. As point-of-care services continue to expand in pharmacies, the insights by the NBCP can be utilized by other regulatory bodies or pharmacy professionals who are implementing or enhancing POCT policies or procedures within their organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the temporal onset of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and changes in circulating sex steroids in immature rainbow trout exposed over 21 d to two pulp-mill effluents. Exposure to effluent from a bleached sulfite mill produced increases in 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, hepatic free iron, and significant depressions in hepatic ascorbic acid. Impairments in pregnenolone production relative to cholesterol availability suggest an effect of sulfite-mill effluent early in the steroidogenic pathway. Induction of vitellogenin in immature fish exposed to effluent from this mill, relative to waterborne 17 beta-estradiol treatments, indicated sulfite-mill effluent contained constituents capable of binding the estrogen receptor. Exposure to a kraft-mill effluent also elevated hepatic TBARS, tissue normalized fatty acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (FAO) activity, and hepatic free iron while producing commensurate declines in hepatic ascorbic acid. Plasma testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, and 17 beta-estradiol were elevated with kraft-mill effluent exposure, but no changes in vitellogenin induction were observed. In summary, effluent from bleached sulfite and bleached kraft mills yielded similar oxidative stress responses, but marked differences were observed in the endocrine-disrupting potential of each effluent.

We used mesocosms to examine the impact of different concentrations of pulp mill effluent (PME) on structural and functional endpoints of a benthic assemblage in the Saint John River (NB, Canada) during 1999 and 2000. Previous studies on this effluent's effects produced conflicting results, with field surveys suggesting a pattern of mild nutrient enrichment, while laboratory toxicity tests linked effluent exposure to moderate contaminant effects. Experimental treatments included three concentrations of sulfite pulp mill effluent (0, 5, 10% v/v PME). Endpoints for the assessment included algal biomass and taxonomic composition, benthic invertebrate abundance and composition, and insect emergence. Low concentrations of PME increased periphyton biomass and caused changes in community structure within the diatom-dominated community. Pulp mill effluent addition had little effect on several structural endpoints measured for benthic invertebrates, including abundance and taxonomic richness, but significantly changed community composition. For both periphyton and benthic invertebrates, community composition endpoints were more sensitive indicators of PME exposure. Insect emergence was a highly relevant functional endpoint. When benthic and emerged insects were combined, total abundance increased with PME addition. Results from two trophic levels, which provided multiple lines of evidence, indicated that the main impact of these PME concentrations is nutrient enrichment rather than effluent toxicity. Our findings also suggest that benthic invertebrate and periphyton assemblages, algal biomass production, and insect emergence are sensitive response measures. Future studies may confirm this observation. The consideration of both functional and structural endpoints at different trophic levels can greatly improve our understanding the effects of discharges to rivers. Such an understanding could not have been obtained using standard assessment techniques and illustrates the value of mesocosms and the benthic community assemblage approach in environmental assessment.

The American lobster (Homarus americanus) is the most valuable seafood on Canada's Atlantic coast, generating over CAD 800 million in export revenue alone for New Brunswick. However, labor shortages plague the lobster industry, and lobsters must be processed quickly to maintain food safety and quality assurance standards. This paper proposes a lobster estimation orientation approach using a convolutional neural network model, with the aim of guiding the FANUC LR Mate 200 iD robotic arm for lobster manipulation. To validate this technique, four state-of-the-art object detection algorithms were evaluated on an American lobster images dataset: YOLOv7, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOV4, and YOLOv3. In comparison to other versions, YOLOv7 demonstrated a superior performance with an F1-score of 95.2%, a mean average precision (mAP) of 95.3%, a recall rate of 95.1%, and 111 frames per second (fps). Object detection models were deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX, with YOLOv7-tiny achieving the highest fps rate of 25.6 on this platform. Due to its outstanding performance, YOLOv7 was selected for developing lobster orientation estimation. This approach has the potential to improve efficiency in lobster processing and address the challenges faced by the industry, including labor shortages and compliance with food safety and quality standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports that New Brunswick-based Nexfor Fraser Papers Plaster Rock Lumbermill Operations is the first manufacturing facility to use the on-product label of the American Forest and Paper Association Sustainable Forestry Initiative program.

Recently, manufacturing technologies have progressed owing to high industrial demand. For example, in the automobile and aircraft industries, manufacturing processes require technologies that allow for high machining rates of lightweight and/or difficult-to-cut materials. Fabricating medical equipment involves the machining of biocompatible materials with high mechanical strength. Information devices require high-quality ultraprecision manufacturing processes. Furthermore, measurement and characterization technologies are also essential for manufacturing. Along with the evolution of manufacturing technologies, scientific studies have been performed on manufacturing phenomena and process control based on physical and/or mathematical aspects. This special issue was promoted by the International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials & Processing (LEM&P2023) held from June 12, 2023 to June 16, 2023 at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, sponsored by the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. This conference was co-located with the Manufacturing Science Engineering Conference (MSEC), ASME, and North American Manufacturing Research Conference (NAMRC), SME. This special issue includes nine papers that describe the innovations and detailed progress in the following areas: - Characterization of materials - Fundamental study and modeling of material removal process - Manufacturing control and optimization - Manufacturing processes for new hard materials - Micro-/Nano-scale manufacturing - Tool manufacturing and performance - Metrology and evaluation - Surface characterization This special issue includes technical and scientific discussions that suggest new key technologies for future manufacturing. We hope that this will help readers understand manufacturing processes and improve their operations. We thank the authors and reviewers for their generous cooperation and the editing staff for their contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP) was a social experiment conducted in two Canadian provinces during the 1990s that tested a generous financial incentive program for welfare recipients. A little-known subsidiary experiment, called SSP Plus, had a three-way design that tested the incremental effect of adding employment services to the generous financial incentive program. Employment services are viewed by many welfare analysts as an important component of an overall strategy for helping welfare recipients escape poverty and achieve stable employment. This paper presents the results of the SSP Plus experiment. Adding employment services encouraged more people to take up the earnings supplement, and it appeared to have long-term effects on full-time employment and welfare receipt. This might be because the services improved the jobs people obtained. Compared to program participants who lacked the added services, SSP Plus members had higher earnings and wage rates, and also appear to have held more sustainable jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is altering the dynamics of New Brunswick's forests. To mitigate the effects of climate change, it is crucial to account for future uncertainties in climate projections and natural disturbance trajectories when designing forestry practices. This paper presents the projected changes in key climatic drivers for New Brunswick's forests, examines the impacts of climate change on forest stand dynamics, and reviews adaptive silviculture tools for climate change adaptation. By 2071–2100, a projected 4–6 °C increase in mean annual temperature will lead to a 39%–77% rise in growing degree-days and a reduction in summer atmospheric water balance by 48–79 mm across New Brunswick. Foresters should anticipate a doubling of annual area burned, the northward migration of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)), and the introduction of novel insects and diseases. Forest simulation models project a severe decline in boreal tree species abundance, including a 50% decline in balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton et al.), offset by an increase in temperate species, notably red maple (Acer rubrum L.; +200%) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh; +135%). Forests in the highlands and lowlands ecoregions, with 40%–50% and 15%–30% spruce and balsam fir composition, respectively, are particularly vulnerable. To limit climate change effects on forest values, foresters must prioritize climate resiliency in their management plans. Strategies should ensure the steady provision of forest goods and services under changing climatic conditions. Forest thinning enhances stand productivity and resilience, while shelterwood and two-age harvest balances timber production with diversity. Clearcutting, despite drawbacks, establishes younger, more vigorous forests with higher carbon sequestration potential. Assisted migration offers promise in helping threatened tree species adapt. Climate change will have a significant impact on New Brunswick's forests, leading to changes in key climatic drivers, increased risks of disturbances, and a shift toward more temperate tree species. However, there are existing adaptation strategies available. It is crucial to consider future uncertainties when designing and evaluating forestry practices, as this is essential for mitigating the effects of climate change on forest values and ensuring the continued provision of forest goods and services over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the plan of UPM Inc. to initiate a major restructuring at its Miramichi, New Brunswick facility in order to secure the facility's long-term viability.

Copyright of Canadian Studies in Population is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper develops a minimum-support focusing stabilizer to perform a joint inversion of the vertical components of gravity and magnetic data using fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) with the regularized Newton method in a space of weighted parameters. Not only does this joint inversion technology arrive at the conditionally well-posed traditional potential field inversion, but it also increases the structural correlation between multiple inverted models. The FCM and the focusing stabilizer make it possible to balance the convergence of the data space (D) and the model space (M), guiding multimodal geophysical parameters toward assigned petrophysical values, which makes the results more stable and realistic. Two model studies are presented to illustrate the method, a simple synthetic model with two rectangular bodies in a homogenous background and a realistic model of the Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS) deposits in northeastern New Brunswick, Canada. These models demonstrate that the new focusing joint inversion algorithm produces better images than traditional methods because the FCM function uses the structural correlation of density contrast and magnetic susceptibility as constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of New Brunswick Studies / Revue d'etudes sur le Nouveau-Brunswick is the property of Journal of New Brunswick Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of New Brunswick Studies / Revue d'etudes sur le Nouveau-Brunswick is the property of Journal of New Brunswick Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a model for the evaluation of marine sites that utilize site specific spatial datasets in the estimation of ecosystem cumulative effects. The model is motivated by the evaluation of marine sites for aquaculture. Maps of the coastal zone of Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick in the Bay of Fundy along Canada's Atlantic coast are utilized for the purpose of illustrating the model. The data sets, processed as thematic layers in a Geographic Information System (GIS) describing the marine site, represent natural resource abundance, habitat inventory, valuations from economic and recreational activities, and influence plumes from sources of effluents. The valuation methodology assigns quantitative yields by layer-area of each selected site, as well as yields for the pairwise overlapping “cumulative effects” layers of the datasets based on defined yield impact functions. Results are presented that validate the model as an effective decision support tool for defining aquaculture sites of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working with diverse groups to address complex issues is the primary aim of the burgeoning field of social labs. This paper investigates how the Art of Hosting (AoH) helped the facilitation team at New Brunswick's Social and Public Innovation Lab (NouLAB) to build trust and integrate the wisdom of the participants into the lab process. We argue that AoH provided a container for the deep understanding and changes in perspective experienced by participants in the first two cycles of the lab. This study may be of use to those planning multi-stakeholder engagements and working in complex problem spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1948, British geneticist A. J. Bateman published in the journal Heredity the results of his experiments on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Bateman hoped he was bringing evidence for the 'greater dependence of males for their fertility on frequency of insemination' (Bateman, 1948, Heredity, 2 (3), p. 364), thus purportedly explaining 'an undiscriminating eagerness in the males and a discriminating passivity in the females' (p. 365). At first rather neglected, Bateman's results were increasingly cited in the 1970s, especially as Bateman had suggested that what he had discovered in Drosophila could also be applied to humans. However, throughout the years, criticisms of the paper accumulated to the point that biologists are now divided into two groups: those who praise Bateman as one of the founding fathers of the discipline of behavioural ecology, and those who claim his paper was fatally flawed. The present paper follows the 'strange fate' of Bateman's article: initially barely cited, the paper was 'rediscovered' by Robert Trivers in 1972 (Trivers, 1972, Parental investment and sexual selection. In B. G. Campbell (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man: The Darwinian pivot , pp. 136–179, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers) and finally, the paper received numerous scathing critiques in more recent years, on a methodological and empirical basis. • Bateman's (1948) paper reached 'paradigm' status before being highly criticized. • Supporters and critics of Bateman are equally passionate in their evaluations. • Citations of Bateman (1948) have not declined despite failed attempts at replication. • Bateman (1948) is a classic case study for the Kuhnian epistemology of paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pesticides have been used in Canada since 1945 as part of large‐scale aerial spray applications to control insect pests on forested lands. Some of the pesticides used historically were efficacious, nonselective, persistent, and have led to serious impacts on the environment. A well known, and extensively documented example is the large‐scale aerial spray programs in New Brunswick, Canada. From 1952 to 1993, 97% of the 6.2 million ha of the forested lands of New Brunswick were treated with at least one application of one insecticide, the majority of which were applied to control outbreaks of eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana). The most well known insecticide was dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), applied from 1952 to 1968, which still persists in treated soils and adjacent water bodies, and caused the individual and cumulative ecosystem effects that can still be measured today. The insecticides that replaced DDT were nonpersistent and unlikely to be found today. However, during the years of application some of the insecticides were likely to have impacted local ecosystems to some degree. To aid future studies on the efficacy and environmental impact of these insecticides we created a digital spatial data set of known pesticide application in New Brunswick forestry from 1952 to 1993. The data set includes active ingredient, formulation, application rate, tank mix, aircraft type, and other ancillary information. The current version of the data is available on the New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development, GIS Open Data Page and in the supplemental material. Use of the data set for academic and educational purposes is encouraged, provided that both this data paper and the data source are properly cited; the Government of New Brunswick should be acknowledged as the data source (Open Government License http://www.snb.ca/e/2000/data-E.html). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As law students passionate about sustainability, climate change, and environmental reform, we are deeply concerned with the lack of attention given to the transition of workers in the grander economic shift to more climate-friendly industries. Climate change is currently one of the biggest threats faced by humanity; it is disrupting national economies and affecting every country. Urgent action on climate change is necessary. According to a report from the United Nations, the world is running out of time to avert the most catastrophic consequences of global warming.1 In this paper, we advocate for the implementation of a Just Transition Act in the province of New Brunswick focusing on the province's vulnerabilities and the protection of at-risk individuals. Drawing inspiration from international initiatives, we advocate for strategies supporting Canadian workers in transitioning to a greener economy. Our recommendations include the establishment of an advisory board to provide information, address concerns, and advocate for individuals' needs; the creation of a Just Transition Fund; and the mitigation of obstacles associated with investing in climate-friendly businesses. Finally, we emphasize the importance of educational and training programs to ensure the success of New Brunswick workers in seeking new employment opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Hip fractures in older adults often lead to adverse health outcomes, which may be related to time to surgery and longer hospital stays. The experience of older adults with hip fractures in New Brunswick is not known. Methods This was a retrospective observational study. All hip fracture patients 65 years of age and older admitted to one hospital designated as a Level One Trauma Centre between April 1, 2015 and March 31, 2019 comprised the sample. Results The majority (86.5%) received surgery within 48 hours and those who had surgery beyond this time frame had a significantly longer stay in acute care (OR: 3.79, 95% CI: 2.05-7.15). The mean total length of stay (Total-LOS) for patients discharged after their acute care needs were met was 9.8 days (SD=8.1) compared to patients experiencing delays in discharge for nonmedical reasons which was 26.3 days (SD=33.7). An extended stay in acute care (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.09-3.43) and increasing age (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.001-1.06) were associated with a higher likelihood of death at one year post-discharge. Time to surgery beyond 24 hours (OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.13-7.38) was associated with a higher likelihood of death 30 days post-discharge. Conclusions Most patients had surgery within the national benchmark of less than 48 hours. The Total-LOS increased 2.5-fold in patients who remained in hospital after their acute care needs were met. A better understanding of patient characteristics, such as frailty, may better predict patients at risk for longer hospital stays and adverse health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Éducation et Francophonie is the property of Association Canadienne d'Education de Langue Francaise (ACELF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Posthuman research methodologies center nonhuman actors and spaces. In this paper, we argue that technological mediation is a key component in a move toward the exploration of posthuman subjectivity in research and the restructuring of dominant understandings of gender and sexualized difference. Drawing on a cellphilm (cellphone + film production) based project with queer, trans, and non-binary youth in New Brunswick, Canada, we seek to center queer stories and experiences to speak back to their erasures in school spaces and landscapes. We argue that in researching with queer, trans, and nonbinary youth in the Anthropocene, cellphilm method offers us the opportunity to think critically and creatively about environments, inclusions, and queering environmental futures (Lebel, 2019) within schooling structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper describes how the transformation of youth mental health services in the rural Francophone region of the Acadian Peninsula in New Brunswick, Canada, is meeting the five objectives of ACCESS Open Minds. Methods: Implementation of the ACCESS Open Minds framework of care in the Acadian Peninsula of New Brunswick began in 2016 at a well‐established volunteer centre and community‐based mental health organization. Through focus groups with youth aged 14 to 22 (n = 13), community mapping was used to describe the youth‐related mental health service transformation, followed by thematic analysis, validation by member checking and triangulation. Results: Preliminary results show a generally successful implementation of the ACCESS Open Minds model, as evidenced by the transformation of mental health service provision, the enhancement of capacity in human resources and the participation of youth. Transformation was evidenced across the five objectives of mental healthcare of ACCESS Open Minds, albeit to variable extents. Several facilitating factors and challenges are identified based on youths' accounts. Conclusions: It is possible to successfully implement the ACCESS Open Minds model among francophones living in a minority setting and despite the constraints of a rural area. Most key components of the framework were implemented with high program fidelity. The rural context presents unique challenges that require creative and effective use of resources, while offering opportunities that arise from a culture of resourcefulness and collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]