214 results
Search Results
2. Managing Racial Integration in BRICS Higher Education Institutions
- Author
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Naidoo, Shantha and Shaikhnag, Noorullah
- Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were developed by the United Nations in 2015 to encompass universal respect for equality and non-discrimination regardless of race, gender, ethnicity, and cultural diversity. Since 2000, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) have aligned with SDG 4.3 by developing higher education institutions (HEIs) which aims to "By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university". This was intended to create equal opportunities and permit full realisation and prosperity of human rights and human dignity. This paper explores the effectiveness of managing racial integration in BRICS HEIs and illustrates remarkable progress in research and policy enactment. Particular attention is devoted to the period from the mid-2000s when evidence around the globe exposed the presence of many forms of violence, which inhibit management of effective racial integration. Based on case studies from selected BRICS countries (South Africa, Russia, and Brazil), this paper explores how the management of racial integration is being addressed within these contexts. [For the complete Volume 20 proceedings, see ED622631.]
- Published
- 2022
3. Comparison of AOD between CALIPSO and MODIS: significant differences over major dust and biomass burning regions.
- Author
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Ma, X., Bartlett, K., Harmon, K., and Yu, F.
- Subjects
AEROSOLS ,MODIS (Spectroradiometer) ,BIOMASS burning ,OPTICAL radar - Abstract
The article focuses on a study which aims at comparing differences in aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). In the study, AOD levels are evaluated in the dust regions of the Sahara and northwest China and biomass burning regions of South America and South Africa. It reveals higher MODIS AOD over dust regions as compared to CALIPSO AOD.
- Published
- 2012
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4. Midwives' practice of maternal positions throughout active second stage labour: an integrative review.
- Author
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Asnawi, Damia Hazimah, Idris, Deeni Rudita, McKenna, Lisa, and Abdul-Mumin, Khadizah H
- Subjects
PROFESSIONAL practice ,CHILDBIRTH ,ONLINE information services ,CONFIDENCE ,MIDWIFERY ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,ABILITY ,TRAINING ,SECOND stage of labor (Obstetrics) ,CLINICAL competence ,MEDLINE ,THEMATIC analysis ,DECISION making in clinical medicine - Abstract
Background/Aims: Extensive research focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of various positions throughout active second stage labour, but there is limited focus on midwives' practice. This study aimed to explore midwives' practice of maternal positions throughout the active phase of second stage labour. Methods: An integrative review of three databases was carried out for research papers published between 2015 and 2022. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis and synthesis. Results: Five eligible research papers were included. There were four key findings: maternal positions practised by midwives, midwives as the prime decision maker, midwives' personal convenience and comfort, and barriers to practising maternal positions. Conclusions: Midwives were seen as prime decision makers, who hindered informed decision making on maternal positions during active second stage labour. Inadequate knowledge, skills and confidence were barriers to practice and attributed to midwives adopting positions that were convenient and comfortable for themselves. Strategies are needed to enhance practice through review and evaluation of current clinical settings, regular updates to evidence-based practice and refreshing essential midwifery skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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5. Knowledge as Currency: A Comparative Exploration of the Relationship between Education Expenditure and Gross Domestic Product in the European Union and BRICS Countries
- Author
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Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES) and Otto, Michelle
- Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the percentage of expenditure on public education of a country and the effect that each percentage mark has on the economic growth, and therefore Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. The goal of this paper is to explore how investment in education impacts the economic growth of a country through the production of more skilled workers in the workforce. This paper aims to draw a comparison between the BRICS countries, and a representative number of the countries in the European Union to compare the investment, process and product delivered through these groupings. By looking at the production function from a Marxist perspective it is inevitable to notice that the error coefficient is significantly higher within the BRICS countries than in the European Union, which is reflected in the rate of economic growth. This paper would be of interest to economists, education policy makers, researchers, and scholars.
- Published
- 2020
6. China's Projection of Soft Power in terms of Constructive Journalism: A Media Content Analysis of Constructive News Coverage of South Africa by China Daily and South China Morning Post in 2015 and 2018.
- Author
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Jenkins, Franki
- Subjects
SOFT power (Social sciences) ,CHINESE people ,CONTENT analysis ,JOURNALISM ,ATTRIBUTION of news ,FOREIGN news - Abstract
China is an increasingly major player in the latest global economic configuration. As a formerly developing nation, China has the potential to view the world through a lens distinctive from current Western hegemonies in its news media and soft power strategies. China has already invested heavily in the African continent and South Africa specifically, including in its news media. Some research has suggested that non-Western, non-democratic countries might have a different approach to international news coverage, including more positive and constructive coverage that diverges from Western news coverage (which is often seen as unnuanced and unequal). A content analysis of Chinese print news media thus examined if Chinese news media's construction of South African reality differs from previous Western social constructions. The research analysed China Daily, a newspaper closely affiliated with the Chinese Communist Party, as well as South China Morning Post (SCMP), an independent, privately-owned publication from Hong Kong. It investigated whether these papers use constructive journalism to cover South Africa, and how their coverage diverged and overlapped. The research found that there are observable differences on an ontological scale, and that both papers have different foci of interest and affective slant which diverge from Western news sources. However, similar to Western sources, both papers are largely not constructive on topics relating to South Africa, and are overall disinterested in local events in South Africa, reproducing the same inequalities in news reportage that exist with the current global hegemonic order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
7. Global research trends on bioflocculant potentials in wastewater remediation from 1990 to 2019 using a bibliometric approach.
- Author
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Okaiyeto, K., Ekundayo, T.C., and Okoh, A.I.
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BIBLIOMETRICS ,FLOCCULANTS ,INFORMATION technology ,HUMAN research subjects ,WASTEWATER treatment - Abstract
The preference of biofloculants over chemical flocculants in water and wastewater remediation systems has gained wider attention due to their biodegradability, innocuousness, safety to human and environmental friendliness. The present study aimed to evaluate research outputs on bioflocculant potentials in wastewater remediation from 1990 to 2019 using bibliometric analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first bibliometric report in bioflocculant research. The subject bibliometric dataset was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Scopus using the Boolean, 'bioflocculant* and waste*' and analysed for indicators such as a yearly trend, productivity (authors, articles, country, institution and journal source), conceptual framework and collaboration network. We found 119 documents with 347 authors from 78 journal sources on the subject, an annual growth rate of 12·1%, and average citations/document of 15·08. Guo J. and Wang Y. were the top researchers with 15 and 12 outputs respectively. China (42%) and South Africa (9·24%) ranked the top two dominant countries in the field. The top journals were Bioresource Technology (9 papers, 506 citations), Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (5 papers, 268 citations), whereas, the top institution was Chengdu University of Information and Technology (n = 9 documents) followed by Sichuan Univ. Sci. & Engn, China (n = 8 documents). This study found that lack of intercountry collaboration and research funding adversely affects research participants in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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8. Effect of Disability on High Quality of Life among Older Adults in Low and Middle-income Countries.
- Author
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Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Srivastava, Shobhit, Kumar, Pradeep, Singh, Ashish, Gupta, Deepak, and Kaur, Vishavdeep
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STATISTICS ,MIDDLE-income countries ,QUALITY of life ,LOW-income countries ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,OLDER people with disabilities ,LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
It has been found that people with disabilities remain at the margin as far as the different aspects of their lives are concerned. This paper tests the hypothesis that disability leads to lower quality of life among older adults in low and middle-income countries. The data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) was used in this study which was conducted in Ghana, China, India, Russia, South Africa and Mexico. The disability scores have been made utilising Item Response Theory, Partial Credit Model and are centered on eight functioning and health areas. Bivariate analysis, binary logistic regression and pooled regression analysis have been used to fulfil the objectives of the paper. The findings reveal that disability acts as a hindrance in attaining a high quality of life (HQOL) amongst the older adults in the above mentioned low and middle-income countries. The older adults with disability are as much as 60% less likely to enjoy an HQOL with respect to the older adults without disability. Better socio-economic development like improved health care for disabled older adults with disability enhanced living standards for both abled and disabled, efficient pension schemes for older adults with disability and effective social service schemes would be very much essential to improve overall QOL among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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9. THE IMPACT OF THE CHINESE TEXTILE IMPORTS ON EMPLOYMENT AND VALUE ADDED IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ECONOMY.
- Author
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BONGA-BONGA, LUMENGO and BIYASE, MDUDUZI
- Subjects
TEXTILE industry ,SOUTH Africans ,IMPORTS ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
With the increased trade linkage between China and African economies, this paper endeavours to assess the dynamic impacts of Chinese textile imports on employment and value added in the South African textile industry. This paper makes use of the structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) methodology with sign restriction. Moreover, based on this methodology, this paper conducts a counterfactual analysis to uncover what would have happened to employment and value added trends in the South African textile industry in the absence of trade with China. The results of the empirical analysis show that total employment responds negatively to shocks to import from China. Moreover, the results of the counterfactual analysis show that the South African economy could perform better without textile imports from China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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10. The Evaluation Technology of Manufacturer Intelligence Regarding the Selection of the Decision Support System of Smart Manufacturing Technologies: Analysis of China–South Africa Relations.
- Author
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Pei, Fengque, Zhang, Jiaxuan, Yuan, Minghai, He, Fei, and Yan, Bingwen
- Subjects
DECISION support systems ,MANUFACTURING processes ,MANUFACTURING industries ,BOOSTING algorithms ,MACHINE learning ,SEQUENTIAL learning - Abstract
With the development of international cooperation, South Africa (SA) has been China's largest trading partner in Africa for several consecutive years. China and SA can build the digital "Belt and Road" to modernize the manufacturing system locally and optimize process control by benchmarking with the best-in-class manufacturers in each country. In this research, an evaluation technology of manufacturer intelligence regarding the selection of decision support system (DSS) of smart manufacturing technologies, analyzing China–South Africa relations, is described. Firstly, the three keys aspects that enable the technologies of DSS are discussed in detail. Then, one key technology, the manufacturers' intelligent evaluation system with 15 indexes, was built. The indexes and their measurements are also proposed. Finally, a fusion method based on boosting with multi-kernel function (online sequential extreme learning machine based on boosting, Boosting-OSELM) is introduced. The purpose of Boosting-OSKELM is to combine several weak learners into a strong learner (lower mean square error, MSE) through an acceptable time delay. Finally, the case study is presented to demonstrate the improvement on the MSE and process time, showing a relative MSE improvement of 96.19% and a relative time delay ratio of 31.46%. Totally, the largest contribution of the proposed evaluation method in this study is the conversion of the history data saved by the manual scoring method into knowledge in accessible MES and resealable time delay, which will free up the expert workforce in the entire process. We expect this paper will help future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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11. Microteaching Networks in Higher Education
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Sonia Santoveña-Casal, Javier Gil-Quintana, and José Javier Hueso-Romero
- Abstract
Purpose: Microteaching is a teacher training method based on microclasses (groups of four or five students) and microlessons lasting no more than 5-20 min. Since it was first explored in the late 20th century in experiments at Stanford University, microteaching has evolved at the interdisciplinary level. The purpose of this paper is to examine the networks found via an analytical bibliometric study of the scientific output related with microteaching in teacher training, through a study and examination of the Web of Science database. Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted with the VOSviewer tool for content analysis through data mining and scientific network structure mapping by means of the normalisation technique. This technique is based on the association strength indicator, which is interpreted as a measurement of the similarity of the units of analysis. Findings: Two hundred and nine articles were thus obtained from the Web of Science database. The networks generated and the connections among the various items, co-authorship and co-citation are presented in the results, which clearly indicates that there are significant authors and institutions in the field of microteaching. The largest cluster is made up of institutions such as Australian Catholic University. The most often-cited document is by Rich and Hannafin. Allen (1968), who defines microteaching as a technique based on microclasses and microlessons, is the author most often cited and has the largest number of connections. Research limitations/implications: This research's limitations concern either aspects that lie beyond the study's possibilities or goals that have proved unattainable. The second perspective, which focuses on skill transfer, contains a lower percentage of documents and therefore has a weaker central documentary structure. Lastly, the authors have also had to bear in mind the fact that the scientific output hinges upon a highly specific realm, the appearance and/or liberalisation of digital technologies and access to those technologies in the late 20th century. Originality/value: This research shows that microteaching is a promising area of research that opens up vast possibilities in higher education teacher training for application in the realm of technologies. This paper could lead to several lines of future research, such as access to and the universal design of learning from the standpoint of different communication and pedagogical models based on microteaching.
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- 2024
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12. Homeschooling in the BRICS Members States: A Comparative Study
- Author
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Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES), de Beer, Louw, Vos, Deon, and Myburgh, Jeannine
- Abstract
Homeschooling is an alternative method of teaching where parents take the responsibility of education and teach their children at home. This method of education is increasing worldwide. Various authorities around the world have taken note of this trend and recognized homeschooling as an alternative method of education in their legislation. The paper examines the educational policy and practice of homeschooling in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) through a literature study, with the aim of comparing the five countries to hit. It also looks at what the BRICS countries can learn from each other regarding homeschooling. Most of the BRICS countries have education law that does not provide for homeschooling. In the countries where homeownership is legal, there are strict requirements that must be met. These requirements place a heavy burden on home school parents. However, it is clear from the investigation that homeschooling is increasing in the BRICS countries legally and illegally. There are also other similarities arising from the study.
- Published
- 2020
13. The Gateway Science: a Review of Astronomy in the OECD School Curricula, Including China and South Africa.
- Author
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Salimpour, Saeed, Bartlett, Sophie, Fitzgerald, Michael T., McKinnon, David H., Cutts, K. Ross, James, C. Renee, Miller, Scott, Danaia, Lena, Hollow, Robert P., Cabezon, Sergio, Faye, Michel, Tomita, Akihiko, Max, Charles, de Korte, Michael, Baudouin, Cyrille, Birkenbauma, Daina, Kallery, Maria, Anjos, Sara, Wu, Qixuan, and Chu, Hye-eun
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC ability ,ASTRONOMY ,CURRICULUM ,WOMEN astronomers ,INTERNATIONAL baccalaureate ,SPACE sciences ,PLANETARY science - Abstract
Astronomy is considered by many to be a gateway science owing to its ability to inspire curiosity in everyone irrespective of age, culture, or general inclination towards science. Currently, where there is a global push to get more students engaged in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, astronomy provides an invaluable conduit to achieve this shift. This paper highlights the results of a study which has reviewed the presence and extent to which astronomy has been incorporated into the school curriculum of the Organisation for Economic and Cooperative Development (OECD) member countries. In addition, two others strong in astronomy research, China and South Africa, are included together with the International Baccalaureate Diploma science curriculum. A total of 52 curricula from 37 countries were reviewed. The results reveal that astronomy and its related topics are prevalent in at least one grade in all curricula. Of the 52 curricula, 44 of them had astronomy-related topics in grade 6, 40 introduced astronomy-related topics in grade 1, whilst 14 had astronomy-related topics explicitly mentioned in all grades. At all year levels, celestial motion is the dominant content area; however, topics such as stars, physics, cosmology, and planetary science become much more frequent as a proportion towards the higher year levels. The most common keywords employed in the curricula related to basic astronomy concepts were the Earth, Sun, Moon, and stars, all with a high frequency of use. There is hardly any focus on Indigenous Astronomy or the role of prominent women astronomers. Relational textual analysis using Leximancer revealed that all the major concepts could be encompassed within two broad themes: Earth and Physics. Astronomy and Physics are often seen as different domains, with astronomy content being more facts based, than based on concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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14. Economic Inequality in Social Cohesion Among Older Adults in Low and Middle-Income Countries.
- Author
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Chauhan, Shekhar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Jaleel, Abdul, and Patel, Ratna
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WELL-being ,SOCIAL participation ,STATISTICS ,MIDDLE-income countries ,SPIRITUALITY ,LIFE expectancy ,FUNCTIONAL status ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,MENTAL health ,PUBLIC administration ,SOCIAL cohesion ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,LOW-income countries ,AGING ,HEALTH equity ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,OLD age - Abstract
Though a continued increase in life expectancy is a significant public health achievement, keeping older adults active and maintaining their well-being is challenging. Active aging requires physical health, mental health, functional independence, economic stability, social participation, and spiritual identification. Among all these factors, social cohesion has significant importance, but there is a dearth of studies focusing on older adults' social cohesion. Thus, the present study focuses on the level of social cohesion among older adults and its variation among the different economic classes. This article uses data from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) conducted in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa during 2007–10. Social cohesion scores have been constructed using Item Response Theory Partial Credit Model. Also, bivariate analysis, concentration curves, concentration indices, and multivariate regressions have been used for the analysis presented in this paper. This study confirms the strong predictive power of age, wealth, education, and working status of older adults on their social cohesion across the countries. Higher social non-cohesion is found among the economically poor older adults in Mexico, Russia, India, and China. In contrast, it is just opposite in the case of older adults in South Africa. Governments should develop policies to foster a society with a high level of social inclusion, social capital, and social diversity, to achieve further advancement in social cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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15. The rise of BASIC in UN climate change negotiations.
- Author
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Qi, Xinran
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,CLIMATE change conferences - Abstract
This paper assesses the role of the BASIC countries — Brazil, South Africa, India, and China — in UN climate change negotiations. The paper explores the formation and evolution of the group, and focuses on how the four major developing countries of China, India, Brazil, and South Africa have coordinated their positions and acted jointly to achieve an agreed outcome with other players in the recent UN Climate Change Conferences in Copenhagen and Cancun, based on an analysis of their country profiles and negotiation positions on a wide range of climate issues. The paper argues that the emergence of the BASIC Group is a reflection of the ongoing power shift from EU–US agreement to BASIC–US compromise in UN climate negotiations since the early 1990s. The rise of BASIC also has its roots in recent global market dynamics and further reflects the power transformation in the economic dimension of the international system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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16. A comparative analysis of the application of Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies in the energy sector: A case study of South Africa, Germany and China.
- Author
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Bhagwan, N. and Evans, M.
- Subjects
INDUSTRY 4.0 ,ENERGY industries ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,TECHNOLOGY transfer ,INDUSTRIAL applications - Abstract
Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies have elevated the capabilities and possibilities of improvement and efficiency in the energy sector. This paper interrogates how energy companies in South Africa, Germany and China apply 4IR technologies. A total of 26 energy companies in those countries were surveyed. An analysis was carried out using the Cronbach Alpha, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Survey results indicate that 85% of companies acknowledge good levels of participation in the 4IR, and were clear about which 4IR technologies are important, although few companies develop these themselves. Technologies enabling access to big, real-time data (BRTD) and BRTD analysis software, are valued the most in measured importance, efficiency, reliability and ability to be integrated across the energy system. The transfer of data using the Internet of things ranked highly as a 4IR technology, whereas artificial intelligence, robotics and machine-human integration (also referred to as machine-human interaction) are considered less important, efficient, and reliable. China rates 4IR technologies as more important than South Africa and Germany do. For South Africa to be competitive in the global energy sector it needs to engage with and embrace 4IR technologies to a greater extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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17. The Phenomenon of China Shops in South Africa: Development, Entrepreneurship and Social Cohesion.
- Author
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Shoba, Muzi
- Subjects
SOCIAL cohesion ,SOCIAL entrepreneurship ,BUSINESSPEOPLE ,FRIENDSHIP ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,RETAIL stores - Abstract
The so-called China shops have become a buzzword in the South African public domain. This paper investigates this phenomenon and whether it contributes to economic development and social cohesion in the country. The following questions guided this paper. (a) Who are the Chinese that run the socalled China shops in South Africa? (b) What catalyses their entrepreneurship? (c) How do their shops/businesses promote development in the country? (d) Does their entrepreneurship promote social cohesion and integration in the respective communities in which they operate? The paper adopted a qualitative approach based on the survey method and documentary evidence. A semistructured interview technique was utilised to elicit information from 10 participants, who were all China shop owners based in Durban. Thematic analysis was performed on the data that were gathered. The Chinese that operate stores involved in this trade are mostly from Mainland China and their businesses contribute to the South African economy by creating jobs for unemployed South Africans, paying taxes, increasing consumer spending and offering affordable alternative shopping to low-income households. However, despite their contributions to the country's development, these Chinese migrant entrepreneurs still face numerous challenges that include xenophobic and criminal attacks and the common perception that they are in the country illegally. Finally, this paper recommends that South Africa and China develop people-oriented mechanisms to deepen mutual understanding and friendship between the two countries, given the economic, political and geopolitical importance attached to this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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18. A Trajectory towards a Culture of Quality: A Phenomenological Study of an Open Distance Learning University in South Africa and in China
- Author
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Sevnarayan, Kershnee
- Abstract
Over the past few years, we have witnessed immense advancements of technology which challenge conventional teaching methodologies. This paper analyses an open and distance learning university from two culturally distinct continents --Africa and Asia-- through an international staff exchange program that was attended over a two-week period. This essay examines both distance learning institutions and data that was collected through interviews and observations to benefit students through quality assurance. According to the research presented in this paper, it is necessary to create an atmosphere that makes it possible for quality assurance activities to be carried out consistently. Distance learning institutions need to move towards a culture of quality and by doing this they need to tailor their student support not just to produce graduates at the end of a cohort but to produce quality graduates needed for the ever evolving and rapidly transforming information and communication technologies. The recommendations made in this paper are intended to help distance education institutions develop a culture of quality. It is argued that to successfully develop a quality culture, a supportive environment should be created for pedagogical activities linked to quality assurance.
- Published
- 2022
19. Religion as an External Determinant of the Education Systems of the BRICS Member Countries: A Comparative Study
- Author
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de Kock, Fleetwood Jerry, de Beer, Zacharias Louw, Wolhuter, Charl C., and Potgieter, Ferdinand Jacobus
- Abstract
Various internal and external determinants influence an education system. External determinants include language, demographics, geography, technology, politics, and financial and economic trends. Religion is also one of these external determinants that can influence an education system, as well as the education systems of the. The BRICS member countries consist of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The BRICS member countries are one of the most organized and supportive international cooperation organizations that currently exist. Religion is considered a controversial and sensitive topic. This research aimed to determine how religion as an external determinant influences the education systems of the BRICS member countries. The study focused on the differences and similarities that can be identified based on religion as an external determinant of the various education systems in the BRICS member countries. The BRICS member countries were deliberately chosen for this study because each member state is considered a secular country in terms of religion, yet each member state treats religion differently in their country. The comparative method was used during this study to identify the best practices from the BRICS member countries. The interpretive research paradigm was used during this study using the qualitative research approach. The document analysis was used during the study to analyse the content of policies, legislation, articles, and government publications using content analysis to be able to identify themes to be able to perform the comparison between the different education systems of the BRICS member countries. The findings from this study are as follows: Religion as an external determinant of an education system does have a significant influence on the education systems of the various BRICS member countries. It is very important to observe and describe these findings from the context of the various member states. [For the complete Volume 20 proceedings, see ED622631.]
- Published
- 2022
20. China Announces Major Push into Printing.
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Bergmann, Gerd
- Subjects
PRINTING industry ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,JOINT ventures ,PRINTING machinery & supplies - Abstract
The article reports that the Eighth World Print and Communication Congress in Cape Town, South Africa, in late January was the biggest gathering of producers and users of printed media and products ever to take place on the African continent. WPC8 was the first event held by the merged Comprint International and the World Print Congress. WPC delegates represent major national and multinational printing organizations and suppliers that are interested in the long-term health and success of the industry globally. The conference attracts producers and users of printed media, as well as publishers, advertising agencies, printers, converters and suppliers. Organized by the Printing Industries Federation of South Africa and sponsored by coated fine paper producer Sappi, WPC8 drew almost 700 participants from all over the world, many of them from China, Japan and Africa. In 2001, the People's Republic of China created the foundation for investments of foreign businesses in the print and publishing sector. With the exception of packaging print, only joint ventures under Chinese management are allowed. With a volume share of roughly 48 percent, the packaging sector dominates the Chinese printing industry.
- Published
- 2005
21. Conceptualising employee voice in the majority world: Using multiple intellectual traditions inspired by the work of Mick Marchington.
- Author
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Dibben, Pauline, Cunningham, Ian, Bakalov, Nikola, and Xian, Huiping
- Subjects
EMPLOYEE participation in management ,PERSONNEL management ,EMERGING markets ,RESEARCH questions ,AFRICA-China relations - Abstract
Conceptualisation of voice in the majority world (developing and emerging economies) should avoid simply using the lens of the minority world (advanced economies). Yet, both can benefit from taking a multidisciplinary approach. Marchington was one of the early pioneers of multidisciplinary work on voice in advanced economies. While being fundamentally an industrial relations (IR) scholar who was alert to the influence of power and context, he took a pluralist approach in applying IR ideas to Human Resource Management, exploring empirically why and how workers use voice. This paper is inspired by Marchington's multidisciplinary approach but considers voice within different institutional contexts. Our key research question is, 'How can majority world conceptions of employee voice enrich our understanding of what voice is for, its outcomes and whom it serves?' Through interrogating how different intellectual traditions have underpinned work in the majority world (exemplified by South Africa and China) we highlight the need for further theoretical development of the concept of lateral voice and argue that voice should be more closely linked to forms of resistance. Our concluding section uses this analysis to start the re‐imagining of voice in minority and majority world contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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22. International perspectives on the participation of children and young people in the Global South.
- Author
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Jamieson, Lucy, Rizzini, Irene, Collins, Tara M., and Wright, Laura H.V.
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YOUNG adults ,DEVELOPING countries ,INTERGENERATIONAL relations ,PARTICIPATION ,GOVERNMENT policy ,POWER (Social sciences) ,PUBLIC spaces - Abstract
This paper presents findings from a study exploring children's participation and protection rights. The research was conducted by the International and Canadian Child Rights Partnership (ICCRP) – a multi-sectoral partnership, involving academic institutions, non-government organisations, and young people in five countries. Although funding came from a Canadian federal agency, partners adopted a decolonial approach to break down inequitable power dynamics. This approach ensured the usage of contextually relevant methods and that children's voices were heard. This paper reports on findings in Brazil, China, and South Africa, where participatory methodologies were used, to explore how young people and adults conceptualise the experience of 'participating together.' Our findings show that there is no single conceptualisation of participation that fits the different contexts where the ICCRP worked. In China, the emphasis is on education and respect for parents' decisions about their lives; in South Africa, it is on respect and duty to elders and community; while in Brazil, participation relates to 'protagonism' where there is a rhetoric of young people's autonomy in public policy. However, in all cases, intergenerational relations are dynamic and evolve over time. Additionally, individuals who experience meaningful participation in public spaces, change their attitude to participation in the private sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Virtual Exchange: Towards Digital Equity in Internationalisation
- Author
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Research-publishing.net (France), Satar, Müge, Satar, Müge, and Research-publishing.net (France)
- Abstract
This volume includes a collection of short papers presented at the second International Virtual Exchange Conference (IVEC) hosted virtually at Newcastle University in September 2020. The contributions address the conference theme, towards digital equity in internationalisation, and offer fresh insights into the current state and future of online intercultural communication and collaborative learning. Providing examples of interdisciplinary, multinational, and multimodal research and pedagogy in virtual exchange from around the world, this book will appeal to educators, administrators, researchers, and internationalisation leads in higher education interested in supporting and implementing virtual exchange. [This content is provided in the format of an e-book. Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2021
24. CHINESE MEDIA ENGAGEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA: What is its impact on local journalism?
- Author
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Madrid-Morales, Dani and Wasserman, Herman
- Subjects
LOCAL mass media ,MASS media ,GLOBALIZATION ,NEWS consumption ,JOURNALISM ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
China's footprint in Africa's media sector over the last decade has reached dimensions that make it impossible to go unnoticed. In South Africa, one of the countries where this imprint is most diversified, Chinese media have been engaged in a varied range of activities, including content production and distribution, infrastructure development, direct investment in local media and training of journalists. Building on previous exploratory studies by the authors, this paper addresses an unresolved question in the study of China's media internationalization: the impact on journalism. Using data from 20 semi-structured in-depth interviews with editors, journalists and policy makers, we investigate how much influence Chinese media exercise on journalism in South Africa. We present responses along three dimensions: consumption of and attitudes towards Chinese media, impact on local journalism and views about South Africa-China relations. Our data offer evidence that, despite having substantially increased their presence, Chinese media are far from having a profound impact on media professionals. While some interviewees report the adoption of some Chinese media in their daily news consumption, scepticism towards China, and by extension its media, dominates. We discuss these findings in the context of Chinese state-owned media's attempts to increase their discursive power globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. A Tale of Two Countries and Two Stages: South Africa, China and the Lewis Model.
- Author
-
Knight, John
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,LABOR market ,COUNTRIES ,GROWTH rate ,UNEMPLOYMENT statistics ,ECONOMIC reform - Abstract
The paper compares the economic progress of two countries, South Africa and China, in relation to the Lewis model. These economies are chosen because they have interesting similarities and also interesting differences. At the start of economic reform in China and with the advent of democracy in South Africa, both countries had surplus labour: they were at the first, labour‐surplus, stage of the Lewis model. It is shown that, since then, South Africa has continued to experience surplus labour: the unemployment rate has risen. By contrast, China's labour market is shown to have tightened, and there is evidence that China has entered the second, labour‐scarce, stage of the Lewis model. The difference lies in their growth rates. There are sections explaining why the South African economy has grown slowly and why the Chinese economy has grown rapidly, in relation to the growth of their labour forces. The Lewis model provides an enlightening framework for explaining how widely the fruits of economic development can be shared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. COVID-19's Impact on Higher Education: A Rapid Review of Early Reactive Literature
- Author
-
Khan, Muzammal Ahmad
- Abstract
This rapid systematic review aims to examine emerging evidence on the effects of COVID-19 on educational institutions and assess the prevalence of e-learning changes in the sector. This paper reviews literature on learning, teaching, and assessment approaches adopted since the COVID-19 outbreak, and assesses the impact on the sector, staff, and students, summarizing findings from peer-reviewed articles. It categorizes these into five key themes: (1) digital learning; (2) e-learning challenges; (3) digital transition to emergency virtual assessment (EVA); (4) psychological impact of COVID-19; and (5) creating collaborative cultures. This represents the first systematic review of COVID-19's impact on education, clarifying current themes being investigated. The author suggests that the term 'emergency virtual assessment' (EVA) is now added for future research discussion. Finally, the paper identifies research gaps, including researching the impact on lesser developed countries, the psychological impact of transition, and the important role of leadership and leadership styles during the transition and handling of the pandemic.
- Published
- 2021
27. Special Education in BRICS: A Comparative Overview
- Author
-
van Jaarsveld, Leentjie
- Abstract
Many discussions have taken place around the issue of the special needs of learners, special schools and inclusivity. UNESCO argues that inclusive education will accommodate all children, regardless of their physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic or other conditions. This would include disabled and gifted children, street and working children, children from remote or nomadic populations, children from linguistic, ethnic or cultural minorities and children from other disadvantaged areas or groups. In inclusive education, the diverse needs of students would be recognised and responded to, accommodating different styles and rates of learning and ensuring quality education to all. However, globally, the views of countries on inclusivity differ, and setting up schools for learners with special needs is often preferred. The overall aim of this study is to give an overview of the perspectives of the BRICS countries regarding learners with special needs, special schools and inclusivity. A document analysis was done of both printed and electronic (computer-based and Internet-transmitted) material. The views of the BRICS countries on learners with special needs, special schools and inclusivity differ. [For the complete Volume 19 proceedings, see ED613922.]
- Published
- 2021
28. Insights into Accounting Education in a COVID-19 World
- Author
-
Sangster, Alan, Stoner, Greg, and Flood, Barbara
- Abstract
This paper presents a compilation of personal reflections from 66 contributors on the impact of, and responses to, COVID-19 in accounting education in 45 different countries around the world. It reveals a commonality of issues, and a variability in responses, many positive outcomes, including the creation of opportunities to realign learning and teaching strategies away from the comfort of traditional formats, but many more that are negative, primarily relating to the impact on faculty and student health and well-being, and the accompanying stress. It identifies issues that need to be addressed in the recovery and redesign stages of the management of this crisis, and it sets a new research agenda for studies in accounting education.
- Published
- 2020
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29. Trade between China and South Africa: Prospects of a Successful SACU- China Free Trade Agreement.
- Author
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Munemo, Jonathan
- Subjects
FREE trade ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,TARIFF - Abstract
China's trade with South Africa has become more important in recent years, and a SACU-China free trade agreement has been proposed to further strengthen this trade relationship. This paper examines the relevance of this proposed trade policy for further enhancing bilateral trade flows and development in SACU. The paper finds that tariff liberalization alone is inadequate for successful trade integration, as it benefits mostly South Africa only and harms some of SACU's internal and external trade and its welfare through trade diversion. Measures to improve trade complementarity, reduce barriers to intra-industry trade, and implement parallel MFN trade liberalization should also be undertaken by SACU in order to achieve successful trade integration with China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. IMPACT OF BRICS AGREEMENT OVER ECONOMY OF BRAZIL, RUSSIA, INDIA, CHINA AND SOUTH AFRICA.
- Author
-
Kumar, Nadiminti Rajesh, Ananth, Lakshmi, and Senapathy, Bharath
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on free trade ,ECONOMIC impact ,GROSS domestic product ,PRICE inflation ,UNEMPLOYMENT & economics ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
This paper provides contemporary climate, deep rooted economic conditions for FTA (free trade agreement), BRICS. In light of changing global economy this paper traces GDP, unemployment and inflation change before and after the FTA. BRICS Nations together has 22.2% of global output, 17.2% Global trade and 40% of global population. The significance of trade and GDP were highlighted during 6th BRICS summit Brazil 2014, which paved much deeper agreement and talks with respect to strategy for economic partnership trade and Investment Corporation. The significance of international trade among BRICS countries was highlighted during the Sixth BRICS Summit in Fortaleza, Brazil in 2014. Secondary data was collected from various sources for the past 20 years and analysis is done using basic regression in SPSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
31. Before and after the vuvuzela: identity, image and mega-events in South Africa, China and Brazil.
- Author
-
Tomlinson, Richard, Bass, Orli, and Bassett, Thomas
- Subjects
OLYMPIC Games ,SPORTS tournaments - Abstract
Focusing on recent and upcoming mega-events in South Africa, China and Brazil, this paper contrasts and critiques the associated image and identity opportunities and risks, as well as comparative motivations for hosting such events. Accordingly, the paper considers the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the scheduled 2014 World Cup and 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics in Brazil. In the context of an increasing number of mega-events being hosted in the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India and China; South Africa is to join), the paper provides broader continuity and introduces a broader research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. China's impact on South African trade and inflation.
- Author
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Rangasamy, Logan and Swanepoel, JanAbraham
- Subjects
COMMERCE ,PRICE inflation ,PRICES ,BUSINESS expansion - Abstract
There has been much controversy about the impact of Chinese growth on the rest of the world. It is generally accepted that China has a dampening effect on global inflation through the supply of cheap products. On the other hand, imports from China could displace domestic production and hence have adverse effects on economic growth and employment. Thus, the question of whether a country benefits from trading with China is a country-specific issue. The results in this paper indicate that limited short-term costs have resulted from the strengthening of trade relations between South Africa and China. As far as inflation is concerned, the paper does not find convincing empirical evidence at the aggregate level for inflation in China leading to domestic price changes. At the disaggregate level, however, there appear to be stronger sector-specific linkages between prices in China and South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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33. Globalisation, Multipolarity and the L20 as an Alternative to the G8.
- Author
-
Lesage, Dries
- Subjects
GLOBALIZATION ,PUBLIC administration ,HEADS of state ,CRISIS management ,DECISION making in political science - Abstract
The simultaneity of globalisation and the rise of powers such as China, India, Brazil and South Africa are raising fundamental questions about the aptness of the contemporary global governance architecture. A few years ago, former Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin proposed a "Leaders' 20" or "L20" as an apex body for global governance. After having put the L20 proposal in theoretical and historical perspective, the paper investigates structural trends in favour of the L20 proposal as well as obstacles to it. Taking into account the challenges the world's powerful states are facing, an enlargement of the G8 looks inevitable. But thus far the obstacles appear to be even stronger. The paper concludes by elaborating on the idea that neither conducing elements nor obstacles are deterministically given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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34. Resilience of Higher Education Academics in the Time of 21st Century Pandemics: A Narrative Review
- Author
-
de los Reyes, Elizer Jay, Blannin, Joanne, Cohrssen, Caroline, and Mahat, Marian
- Abstract
The demands arising from the COVID-19 pandemic have amplified the importance of resilience not only for students, but also for academics. This narrative review examines a phenomenon which has received little research attention, despite its significance during the pandemic, namely the resilience of academics in higher education. We refer to this as 'academic resilience'. The review investigates how academic resilience in higher education has been addressed in scholarship, with particular attention to the five major pandemics from 2001 to 2020. A review of fourteen relevant papers shows a lack of attention to the resilience of university teaching staff. Uncovering how academics overcome and withstand adversity on the one hand, and how higher education institutions have managed and supported the resilience of their staff on the other, this paper offers a conceptualisation of academic resilience that goes beyond the individual/environmental binary in scholarship.
- Published
- 2022
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35. Charting the Terrain of Global Research on Graduate Education: A Bibliometric Approach
- Author
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Kuzhabekova, Aliya
- Abstract
The paper provides an overview of the global research on graduate education. The study applied a combination of a bibliometric and social network analysis methods to bibliographic data from Thompson Reuters' Web of Science. More specifically, a keyword search approach was used to retrieve 2,454 articles on graduate education from 1996 until 2020. The set was processed with the VantagePoint software. The paper reports the findings in the form of lists of top scholars, research centres, and countries contributing to research on graduate education. The findings include similar lists of the key funding agencies, contributing disciplines and publication venues, as well as maps representing collaborative activity in the field between institutions, and countries. Finally, the frequency of utilisation of groups of author-supplied keywords is analysed to determine the basic thematic structure of the research on the topic. The originality of the paper consists in the fact that it represents the first attempt to map the landscape of research on graduate education using bibliographic data. It can be used to supplement the results of literature reviews on the topic, which apply a more in-depth content analysis-based approaches to a limited number of papers to determine the thematic structure of the field.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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36. Socio-economic disparity in the occurrence of disability among older adults in six low and middle income countries.
- Author
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Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur and Singh, Ashish
- Subjects
OLDER people with disabilities ,HEALTH status indicators ,MATHEMATICAL models ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,NOSOLOGY ,REGRESSION analysis ,SELF-evaluation ,STATISTICS ,THEORY ,ECONOMIC status ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,WELL-being ,DISEASE prevalence ,MIDDLE-income countries ,LOW-income countries ,ONE-way analysis of variance - Abstract
Purpose Nearly 200m people in the world experience considerable functioning difficulties. Also, more than three-fourth of the population aged 50 years and over is suffering from some kind of disability in India, China, Ghana, Russia, Mexico and South Africa. Despite the compelling nature of this issue, evidence on socioeconomic disparity in the occurrence of disability is lacking throughout the world and particularly in the aforementioned countries. The purpose of this paper is twofold – first, to examine the socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of disability in the selected countries; and second, to investigate the cross-country differentials in the prevalence of disability by socioeconomic characteristics.Design/methodology/approach The authors use data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) conducted in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa during 2007–2010. Disability scores have been constructed using Item Response Theory Partial Credit Model based on eight health and functioning domains. Bivariate analysis, concentration curves, concentration indices and multivariate regressions have been used in the analysis presented in this paper.Findings The authors find that the prevalence of disability varied considerably across sociodemographic groups. Moreover, this variation is not uniform across all countries. Also, age, Sex, work status, years of schooling and economic status emerged out as significant predictors of disability among the studied countries.Originality/value This is perhaps the first study which examines the socioeconomic inequality in disability conceptualized in a comprehensive manner among older adults spread across low to upper middle income countries. The alarming level of prevalence of disability among sociodemographic disadvantage groups calls for immediate attention in terms of detailed study of risk factors, effective policy and timely intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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37. Education and New Developments 2017
- Author
-
Carmo, Mafalda
- Abstract
This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2017), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2017 received 581 submissions, from 55 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. The conference accepted for presentation 176 submissions (30% acceptance rate). The conference also includes a keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher, Professor Lizbeth Goodman, Chair of Creative Technology Innovation and Professor of Inclusive Design for Learning at University College Dublin; Founder/Director of SMARTlab, Director of the Inclusive Design Research Centre of Ireland, Founder of The MAGIC Multimedia and Games Innovation Centre, Ireland, to whom we express our most gratitude. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also covers different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity; Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change, Corporate Education. This book contains the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, and of course, to our organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. [This document contains the proceedings of END 2017: International Conference on Education and New Developments (Lisbon, Portugal, June 24-26, 2017).]
- Published
- 2017
38. Countdown to The 2030 Global Goals: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends on SDG 2 - Zero Hunger.
- Author
-
OTEKUNRIN, OLUTOSIN ADEMOLA
- Subjects
PREVENTION of malnutition ,RESEARCH ,DEVELOPED countries ,STRATEGIC planning ,FOOD security ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,PRACTICAL politics ,WORLD health ,HUNGER ,ORGANIZATIONAL goals ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SUSTAINABLE development ,DEVELOPING countries ,DATA analysis software ,NUTRITION policy - Abstract
As we approach the deadline for achieving the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is less than a decade away, it is crucial for researchers and research institutions at both national and international levels to conduct rigorous scientific assessments of the progress made towards these goals. The assessment is of utmost importance as it will provide valuable insights and information to political leaders and other stakeholders, guiding their actions and efforts towards successfully attaining the SDGs by the year 2030. This study aimed at providing vivid descriptions of the SDG 2 – zero hunger-related research endeavour. It employed bibliometric analysis and geographical patterns of SDG 2-related publications extracted from Scopus database from 2015 to 2023. A total of 397 documents were extracted where Sustainability journal ranked 1
st among the journal outlets of zero hunger-related publications. The publication of zero hunger-related documents grew from 1.5% in 2016 to 29.7% in 2022. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and Chinese Academy of Sciences were the top 2 institutions publishing zero hunger-related documents while the lead article was published by Journal of Cleaner Production with 128 citations. The funding sponsors of SDG 2-related publications were dominated by sponsors from developed countries (such as China, Belgium, United States, and United Kingdom) while no funding sponsors from developing countries were among the top 10. The United States and United Kingdom were the two most productive countries while only one African country (South Africa) made the list of top 10 countries publishing zero hunger-related documents. This study provided political leaders and key stakeholders with in-depth understanding of the SDG 2-related research activities and highlighted research funding and collaboration gaps facing the developing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Generation Z Students' Voices on the Role of Universities in Developing Socially Responsible Graduates: A Case Study of South Africa and China.
- Author
-
Jordaan, Martina, Markus, Elisha D., and Hanxiao Zhang
- Subjects
SERVICE learning ,AFRICA-China relations ,GENERATION Z ,GRADUATE education ,INFORMATION technology ,COLLEGE students - Abstract
This article reports and reflects on an empirical investigation of the views of selected Generation Z students from South Africa and China on the role of universities in developing socially responsible graduates. In 2020, an online questionnaire was developed and distributed to three university students enrolled in engineering, built environment, and information technology degree programs. There were 417 responses from students in these three fields at the University of Pretoria, South Africa; thirtyone from students at Sichuan University, China; and twenty-three from engineering students at the Central University of Technology in Bloemfontein, South Africa. The majority of the students from all three universities strongly agreed that participation in community development projects linked to their field of study should be a required component of their degree programs. The research findings indicate that students in these fields who participated in the study consider themselves among the university's main stakeholders and believe they should be included in curriculum development. Most of these students were positive about embedding socially responsible service-learning in their curricula to prepare them for future roles in a local and global society. The limitations of the study were the following. These students from university campuses in China and South Africa are not representative of all Generation Z individuals in these countries. The validity of the research may be limited as the University of Pretoria's cohort was much larger than the other two universities. Only those students who had enrolled in courses in engineering, the built environment, and information technology were involved in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. IMPORT DEMAND FUNCTIONS: EVIDENCE FROM CIBS.
- Author
-
Yan Zhou and Dube, Smile
- Subjects
DEMAND function ,COINTEGRATION ,ELASTICITY (Economics) ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
This paper adopts the bounds testing approach to test for the validity of the cointegration or stationarity restriction embodied in five import demand model specifications for CIBS during the period 1970-2007. It identifies long-run relationships in a subset of the five models for each CIBS countries. We find that long-run income elasticities are much higher compared to earlier studies and are higher than the short-run counterparts for CIBS. In addition, contrary to the traditional wisdom, price elasticities are not significantly negative for these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Size Effects on the Transmission Mechanism from Finance to Development: A Study of Large Emerging Economies.
- Author
-
Puyang Sun, Somnath Sen, and Jiadong Tong
- Subjects
TRANSMISSION mechanism (Monetary policy) ,MACROECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC conditions in developing countries ,AGGLOMERATION (Materials) ,RECESSIONS ,EMERGING markets ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Large emerging economies, typically Brazil, India, China and South Africa (BICS), demonstrate a strong upward trend in many aspects of their macroeconomic performance in recent decades. This surge is attributed to 'size effects' whereby economies of scale and scope, and agglomeration impact, create productivity improvements. This paper concentrates on both conceptual and empirical studies about the most important contributions from real and financial sectors towards economic growth in large emerging economies. In particular, the transmission channels from finance to growth are discussed in this paper, to show how size effects can affect these transmission mechanisms from finance to development. The econometric estimations use a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model for four specific large emerging economies - BICS - and analyse dynamic shocks from real sectors and financial sectors, together with size-effect variables: education investment, government spending and military expenditures. We conclude that real shocks have much higher impact effects on output and growth compared to financial shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Trade specialization, export productivity and growth in Brazil, China, India, South Africa, and a cross section of countries.
- Author
-
Santos-Paulino, Amelia U.
- Subjects
EXPORTS ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
The paper analyses the patterns of export productivity and trade specialization profiles in Brazil, China, India and South Africa, and in other economic groupings and regions. Various measures of trade specialization and a time varying export productivity indicator are estimated using highly disaggregated export data. The findings reveal that there are important differences in the export productivity and specialisation patterns across countries and regions. Export productivity-and export sophistication-are in line to that of wealthier and more advance economies. The results further confirm the importance of not just the volume of exports, but the type of specialisation patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Export diversification and economic performance: evidence from Brazil, China, India and South Africa.
- Author
-
Naudé, Wim and Rossouw, Riaan
- Subjects
EXPORTS ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
In this paper we discuss relationship between export diversity and economic performance, focusing on Brazil, China, India and South Africa (BCIS). Using time data on exports over the period 1962-2000 and Applied General Equilibrium (AGE) models for each country, we note the similarities as well as differences in the patterns of diversification in these countries. We find evidence of a U-shape relationship between per capita income and export specialization in at least China and South Africa, and given that the results from Granger causality testing are inconclusive and not robust with regards to export diversification measures, some preliminary evidence from the results suggest that export diversification Granger causes GDP per capita in Brazil, China and South Africa, but not in India, where it is rather GDP per capita changes that are driving export diversification. From AGE modeling we find that South Africa differs from the other economies in that it is the only case where export diversification has an unambiguously positive impact on economic development while in contrast in Brazil, China and India, it is rather export specialization that is preferred. We show that the manner in which export diversification is obtained may be important: if it is obtained with less of a reduction in traditional exports, the impacts are better (less negative). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Global Research Capacity Building among Academic Researchers
- Author
-
Ewelina K. Niemczyk
- Abstract
Although concepts such as research without borders have become more commonplace in recent decades, few studies have investigated the capabilities that global researchers require to cross both cultural and disciplinary borders. This paper explores global capabilities along with strategies and spaces that may facilitate academic researchers' acquisition and development of global research competence. The study's dataset comprises responses of 26 participants across 15 countries -- all of whom are members of a specific comparative education society -- who contributed their views via e-questionnaire. Findings indicate that research capacity building is a dynamic process and global competence calls for complex skills and conscious attitudes. Commitment to expand scientific curiosity beyond one's own culture and academic discipline appears to be a main criterion in achieving global competence. Results of this study are not meant to be prescriptive but rather exploratory and informative for a broad group of academic stakeholders.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. National and Institutional Responses -- Reimagined Operations -- Pandemic Disruptions and Academic Continuity for a Global University
- Author
-
Moja, Teboho
- Abstract
The 2019/2020 academic year started well with no anticipation of what was in store for the second semester and how the year would end. New students were welcomed on campus and included international students and international faculty members. It was business as usual, a beautiful and colorful fall semester that transitioned into a cold winter season. Spring arrived after a long winter season and it was off to a good start as well until the pandemic hit. This paper reflects on how an institution with multiple sites responded to the pandemic and what the impact of those disruptions were on the core activities of a university. As a university with the largest number of international students and a footprint on every continent, the university had to coordinate its activities around the world to complete the academic year and start another one. The university is the largest private employer in the city with over 50,000 students and more than 19,000 employees. The main focus of this reflection paper is the New York city campus where the author is based and key areas of this reflections include the impact of the pandemic on international students, teaching, research and funding related issues. Activities were normalized through central command instructions and guidance that were sometimes helpful and at other times overwhelming, but the work continued and the academic year was completed. The new academic year started with minor variations on the start dates. For example, the portal campuses at Abu Dhabi started on Sunday 6th September and New York city campus started on Wednesday 2nd September, whilst the Shanghai campus started on Monday the 14th. Reflections include personal impact and experiences within the academic setting.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Mapping the Integration of the Sustainable Development Goals in Universities: Is It a Field of Study?
- Author
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Murillo-Vargas, Guillermo, Gonzalez-Campo, Carlos Hernan, and Brath, Diony Ico
- Abstract
This article maps the scientific production and the contents associated with the sustainable development goals and their integration with universities during the past 21 years. Although many of the topics related to sustainable development goals (SDGs) have been addressed in different studies for decades, it is since 2015 onwards that they gained greater prominence due to the inclusion of higher education as an important actor in the fulfillment of the 2030 agenda and the United Nations SDGs. For the purpose of this paper, a bibliometric analysis of 871 papers, 535 documents in Scopus, and 336 in Web of Science (WoS) from 1998 to 2019 was performed, and the Bibliometrix analysis tool was used. The objective of this mapping is to answer the following research question: Is the integration of the Sustainable Development Goals and Universities a field of study? An analysis of the network of collaborators and trend topics in Scopus and WoS allows us to identify the concurrence and relationships of some keywords, such as sustainable development, sustainability and planning, and some background words, such as humans and global health. In another analysis, the word "higher education" is related to change. This article suggests that the integration of the Sustainable Development Goals in Universities is becoming a field of study under exploration, with a peak of production in 2016 and that has remained stable in the last three years, but thanks to the leading role assigned to Universities, intellectual production should increase in the following years.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Variables Affecting Student Motivation Based on Academic Publications
- Author
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Yilmaz, Ercan, Sahin, Mehmet, and Turgut, Mehmet
- Abstract
In this study, the variables having impact on the student motivation have been analyzed based on the articles, conference papers, master's theses and doctoral dissertations published in the years 2000-2017. A total of 165 research papers were selected for the research material and the data were collected through qualitative research techniques through document review and content analysis. According to the research results, the most important factors affecting student motivation are the fields of teacher, teachers' classroom management skills and their teaching methods. In this research, factors having less influence on the student motivation are parental communication, student characteristics and study fields. In addition, relational search type was used more than others, mostly students were selected as the study group and most researches were conducted in USA and Turkey.
- Published
- 2017
48. VOLATILITY AND TRADE: THE CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA’S EXPORTS TO CHINA.
- Author
-
Triplett, Russell E. and Thaver, Ranjini L.
- Subjects
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FOREIGN exchange rates , *PRICES , *GROSS domestic product , *ECONOMICS , *COMMERCE ,EXPORTS & economics - Abstract
Rapid economic growth propelled China to become South Africa’s largest trade partner, and the recent economic slowdown in China and collapse of commodity prices threatens to reverse this trend. Previous estimations of South Africa’s bilateral trade functions document strong income effects on trade, but evidence for the effects of the exchange rate and its volatility are decidedly mixed. In this paper we argue that this ambiguity is due in part to the omission of information about the level and volatility of commodity prices. We note that South Africa’s exports to China are heavily concentrated in metal ores, and the practice of deflating the nominal exchange rate by either a consumer price index or deflator is a poor proxy for the commodity price movements that matter for exporters. In this paper we use quarterly data from the period 1993-2014 to estimate South Africa’s bilateral export function with China using Chinese GDP, the real bilateral exchange rate, exchange rate volatility, iron ore and precious metals price indices, and their respective volatilities. We specify an error-correction model designed to model departures from, and adjustment to, the long-run equilibrium, and thereby distinguish short-run and long-run effects, and we employ the bounds testing approach of Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001) to test for long-run cointegration among the variables. The baseline model results in large and statistically significant estimates for income and real exchange rate elasticities that are in the expected direction. The elasticity estimate for exchange-rate volatility suggests a negative but statistically insignificant effect. This ambiguity resonates with much of the literature. In our augmented models we include separate variables to capture the effects of iron ore and precious metals prices and their volatility, resulting in considerable improvement in model fit in both a static and dynamic sense. In the long run, the positive price elasticity is consistent with an upward-sloping export supply curve, and the negative and relatively elastic effect of commodity price volatility suggests an uncertainty effect that reduces exports. Importantly, the inclusion of the commodity price variables improves the precision of other estimates, increasing our confidence in a similar uncertainty effect emanating from volatility in the bilateral exchange rate. Our results highlight South Africa’s continued vulnerability to the commodity price cycle. To escape this boom and bust cycle, South Africa’s government must emphasize public investment and embrace structural reforms aimed at diversifying its export sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in 6 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Findings From Wave 1 of the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE).
- Author
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Arokiasamy, Perianayagam, Uttamacharya, Kowal, Paul, Capistrant, Benjamin D., Gildner, Theresa E., Thiele, Elizabeth, Biritwum, Richard B., Yawson, Alfred E., Mensah, George, Maximova, Tamara, Fan Wu, Yanfei Guo, Yang Zheng, Kalula, Sebastiana Zimba, Rodríguez, Aarón Salinas, Espinoza, Betty Manrique, Liebert, Melissa A., Eick, Geeta, Sterner, Kirstin N., and Barrett, Tyler M.
- Subjects
CHRONIC disease diagnosis ,CHRONIC disease risk factors ,CHRONIC disease treatment ,AGING ,ALGORITHMS ,ANGINA pectoris ,ARTHRITIS ,ASTHMA ,CHRONIC diseases ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MENTAL depression ,HEALTH status indicators ,HYPERTENSION ,INCOME ,INTERVIEWING ,LUNG diseases ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,REGRESSION analysis ,SELF-evaluation ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,DISEASE prevalence ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MIDDLE-income countries ,LOW-income countries ,ODDS ratio ,CLUSTER sampling - Abstract
In this paper, we examine patterns of self-reported diagnosis of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and prevalences of algorithm/measured test-based, undiagnosed, and untreated NCDs in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. Nationally representative samples of older adults aged ≥50 years were analyzed from wave 1 of the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (2007-2010; n = 34,149). Analyses focused on 6 conditions: angina, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, depression, and hypertension. Outcomes for these NCDs were: 1) self-reported disease, 2) algorithm/measured test-based disease, 3) undiagnosed disease, and 4) untreated disease. Algorithm/measured test-based prevalence of NCDs was much higher than self-reported prevalence in all 6 countries, indicating underestimation of NCD prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. Undiagnosed prevalence of NCDs was highest for hypertension, ranging from 19.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.1, 21.3) in India to 49.6% (95% CI: 46.2, 53.0) in South Africa. The proportion untreated among all diseases was highest for depression, ranging from 69.5% (95% CI: 57.1, 81.9) in South Africa to 93.2% (95% CI: 90.1, 95.7) in India. Higher levels of education and wealth significantly reduced the odds of an undiagnosed condition and untreated morbidity. A high prevalence of undiagnosed NCDs and an even higher proportion of untreated NCDs highlights the inadequacies in diagnosis and management of NCDs in local health-care systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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50. Health Systems Research in a Complex and Rapidly Changing Context: Ethical Implications of Major Health Systems Change at Scale.
- Author
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MacGregor, Hayley and Bloom, Gerald
- Subjects
MEDICAL care research ,RESEARCH ethics ,MEDICAL ethics ,HEALTH care reform ,ITERATIVE learning control ,MEDICAL research laws ,ETHICS ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL research ,RESEARCH funding ,RESEARCH personnel ,MEDICAL care laws - Abstract
This paper discusses health policy and systems research in complex and rapidly changing contexts. It focuses on ethical issues at stake for researchers working with government policy makers to provide evidence to inform major health systems change at scale, particularly when the dynamic nature of the context and ongoing challenges to the health system can result in unpredictable outcomes. We focus on situations where 'country ownership' of HSR is relatively well established and where there is significant involvement of local researchers and close ties and relationships with policy makers are often present. We frame our discussion around two country case studies with which we are familiar, namely China and South Africa and discuss the implications for conducting 'embedded' research. We suggest that reflexivity is an important concept for health system researchers who need to think carefully about positionality and their normative stance and to use such reflection to ensure that they can negotiate to retain autonomy, whilst also contributing evidence for health system change. A research process informed by the notion of reflexive practice and iterative learning will require a longitudinal review at key points in the research timeline. Such review should include the convening of a deliberative process and should involve a range of stakeholders, including those most likely to be affected by the intended and unintended consequences of change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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