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Background: Accurate quantification of pain in a clinical setting is vital. The use of an electronic pain scale enables data to be collected, analyzed, and utilized much faster compared with traditional paper-based scales. The advancement of smart technology in pediatric and adult pain evaluation may offer opportunities to introduce easy-to-use and reliable pain assessment methods within different clinical settings. If promptly introduced within different pediatric and adult pain clinic services, validated and easily accessible mobile health pain apps may lead to early pain detection, promoting improvement in patient's quality of life and leading to potentially less time off from school or work.Objective: This cross-sectional observational study aimed to investigate the interchangeability of an electronic visual analog scale (eVAS) app with a traditional paper visual analog scale (pVAS) among Australian children, adolescents, and adults for pain evaluation.Methods: Healthy participants (age range 10-75 years) were recruited from a sporting club and a secondary school in Melbourne (Australia). The data collection process involved application of pressure (8.5 kg/cm2) from a Wagner Force Dial FDK 20 to the midpoint of the thumb. The pressure was applied twice with a 5-minute interval. At each pressure application, participants were asked to randomly record their pain perception using the "eVAS" accessible via the "Interactive Clinics" app and the traditional pVAS. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine intermethod and intramethod reliabilities.Results: Overall, 109 healthy participants were recruited. Adults (mean age 42.43 years, SD 14.50 years) had excellent reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.94 (95% CI 0.91-0.96). Children and adolescents (mean age 13.91 years, SD 2.89 years) had moderate-to-good intermethod and intramethod reliabilities, with an ICC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.70-0.87) and average ICC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.69-0.87), respectively.Conclusions: The eVAS app appears to be interchangeable compared with the traditional pVAS among children, adolescents, and adults. This pain evaluation method may offer new opportunities to introduce user-friendly and validated pain assessment apps for patients, clinicians, and allied health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. China will inevitably enter a medium, severe, or deep aging society in the future, and the number of elderly people living alone is also increasing. Mental health is a major issue for older people living alone. With the deepening of aging, social participation has become an important way to promote mental health and improve the quality of life of the elderly. Methods. This study uses data from Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Based on the CLHLS data of 2018, this paper uses multiple ordered logistic models to measure the mental health level of elderly people living alone through two dimensions of depression and anxiety and carries out a heterogeneity analysis on the mental health level of elderly people living alone. Results. The analysis of 2477 elderly people living alone shows that the increase of social participation in simple communication can reduce the degree of depression and anxiety of elderly people living alone, and the decrease of social participation in self-recreation can reduce the degree of depression and anxiety of elderly people living alone. In addition, the heterogeneity analysis found that the heterogeneity of social participation was more significant among the elderly living alone with different genders, ages, places of residence, and self-care abilities. Limitations. This study has some limitations, and CES-D-10 is a screening tool and cannot fully determine the presence of depression in high-rise older adults living alone. Conclusions. In the future, primary healthcare-targeted interventions can be provided according to the different degrees of depression and anxiety of elderly people living alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to explore the health of trafficking survivors in Spain, which is relatively unstudied (Sweileh, 2018). Therefore, the objectives of this study are to describe the health conditions, access to health-care facilities, COVID-19 protection and health challenges in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic reported by women survivors of human trafficking in Spain. Design/methodology/approach: Due to the pandemic situation, limited research and the complexity of the issue, the authors took a qualitative approach. A cross-sectional study was carried out through interviews with women survivors of human trafficking for sexual exploitation in Spain. Prior to the interviews, the researchers conducted written interviews with social workers to understand the most important challenges that the women survivors were experiencing during confinement. As a result of these written interviews, the interview script for the survivors was modified. Findings: To sum up, the COVID-19 situation poses several challenges, including social difficulties (food insecurity; violence; terrible housing conditions; working pressure; poor sleeping habits; and cultural, linguistic and religious challenges), medical insecurity (due to lockdowns, negative experiences in care, lack of official documents, collapse of hospitals, telephone monitoring and fear of contagion), great emotional distress reported by women (anxiety, fear, sadness, post-traumatic stress disorder, stigma and substance use) and physical health problems (serious weight loss, muscle pains, dental problems and sexual and reproductive health-care limitations). Research limitations/implications: As is usual in qualitative research, rather than obtain generalizable results, the main objective was to delve deeper into under-researched or complex issues (Polit and Beck, 2010). While this report provides a timely overview marked by COVID-19 of an important population, there are some limitations. The major limitation of this research was the sample representativity, because the sample was conducted with only one non-governmental organization and only individuals who voluntarily agreed to make the interview; as such, other victim profiles may not be represented. Practical implications: The findings can provide information for detecting victims of human trafficking for sexual exploitation and contribute to understanding the pandemic's impact. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the need to adopt measures for the recovery of victims, such as medical and psychological assistance, in accordance with the Palermo Protocol. As people transition out of the pandemic, it is crucial for Spain, along with other European countries, to guarantee that all residents, particularly the victims of human trafficking, have access to social and health-care protections during times of crisis. Social implications: As already mentioned, further investigation should be done to fill the gaps on health of human trafficking (Sweileh, 2018) and improve the recovery of victims of trafficking (García-Vázquez and Meneses-Falcón, 2023 0; Sweileh, 2018). The paper acknowledges the existing research gap in the field and emphasizes the importance of future studies to delve deeper into the challenges faced by victims, calling for a more nuanced understanding of health. Originality/value: The Coronavirus pandemic has increased and reinforced the vulnerability of sex-trafficked victims, especially creating different mental health problems. One of the biggest concerns for this group has been the difficulty of access to basic goods such as food. Furthermore, psychological distress impacted the well-being of trafficking victims, and many suffered from eating disorders. Less than half of the women who were forced to continue in prostitution did not have the means to protect themselves against COVID-19 and did not have easy situations to overcome illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate if study–life integration practice has an influence on young adult students' mental health. Study–life integration in this paper is viewed from the occurrence of conflict and enrichment between two domains – study life and personal life. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a quantitative approach with cross-sectional design. A total of 399 young adults from a university in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, were recruited as respondents. The result was analysed using SPSS hierarchical regression method. Findings: This paper offers empirical evidence on study–life integration influences on young adults' mental health. The findings from this paper suggested that higher anxiety and social dysfunction symptoms were linked to frequent conflict caused by interference from study to personal lives. The main sources for these conflicts were high academic stress and excessive academic-related behaviour. The findings also suggested that greater academic achievement, although improving young adults' personal life, was associated with greater symptoms of social dysfunction. On a positive note, the feeling of positive emotion experienced from study life associated with less social dysfunction. Originality/value: Providing better access to social and community facilities within the institution is essential to help the young adults to effectively bridge the gap between study life and personal life. Opportunity to pursue personal life in the institution can promote a healthier relationship between the study and personal domains among young adults. A healthy relationship between these two domains can nurture positive emotion, which is a key to improving young adults' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic forced people to give up their daily routines and adjust to new circumstances. This might have affected health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We aimed to compare HRQOL during the first COVID-19 wave in 2020 to HRQOL before the pandemic and to identify determinants of HRQOL during the pandemic in Switzerland. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey during the pandemic (between May and July 2020; CoWELL sample; convenience sample). Before the pandemic (2015–2016), we had conducted a cross-sectional paper-based survey among a representative random sample of the Swiss general population (SGP sample). In both samples, we assessed physical and mental HRQOL (Short Form-36) and socio-demographic characteristics. In the CoWELL sample, we additionally assessed health- and COVID-19-related characteristics. Data were analysed using linear regressions. Results: The CoWELL sample included 1581 participants (76% women; mean age = 43 years, SD = 14 years) and the SGP sample 1209 participants (58% women, mean age = 49 years, SD = 15 years). Adjusted for sex, age, and education, the CoWELL sample reported higher physical HRQOL (PCS, +5.8 (95% CI: 5.1, 6.6), p < 0.001) and lower mental HRQOL (MCS, −6.9 (−7.8, −6.0), p < 0.001) than the SGP sample. In the CoWELL sample, especially persons with lower health literacy, who had no support network or who have had COVID-19, reported lower HRQOL. Discussion: Aspects unique to the COVID-19 pandemic affected HRQOL. Vulnerable persons such as those having had COVID-19, less support opportunities, and with lower health literacy are especially prone to impaired HRQOL during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine and compare with the validated, paper/pencil European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Scale (QLQ-CIPN20), the psychometric properties of three electronically administered patient reported outcome (PRO) measures of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN): (1) the two neuropathy items from the National Cancer Institute's Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE), (2) the QLQ-CIPN20, and (3) the 0-10 Neuropathy Screening Question (NSQ).Methods: We employed a descriptive, cross-sectional design and recruited 25 women with breast cancer who were receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy at an academic hospital. Participants completed the paper/pencil QLQ-CIPN20 and electronic versions of the QLQ-CIPN20, PRO-CTCAE, and NSQ. Internal consistency reliability, intraclass correlation, and concurrent and discriminant validity analyses were conducted.Results: The alpha coefficients for the electronic QLQ-CIPN20 sensory and motor subscales were 0.76 and 0.75. Comparison of the electronic and paper/pencil QLQ-CIPN20 subscales supported mode equivalence (intraclass correlation range >0.91). Participants who reported the presence of numbness/tingling via the single-item NSQ reported higher mean QLQ-CIPN20 sensory subscale scores (p < 0.001). PRO-CTCAE neuropathy severity and interference items correlated well with the QLQ-CIPN20 electronic and paper/pencil sensory (r = 0.76; r = 0.70) and motor (r = 0.55; r = 0.62) subscales, and with the NSQ (r = 0.72; r = 0.44).Conclusion: These data support the validity of the electronically administered PRO-CTCAE neuropathy items, NSQ, and QLQ-CIPN20 for neuropathy screening in clinical practice. The electronic and paper/pencil versions of the QLQ-CIPN can be used interchangeably based on evidence of mode equivalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This exploratory and cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate the effects of technological device use on preschool children's life quality. Methods: One hundred twenty‐five preschool students were recruited from two kindergartens affiliated to the Directorate of National Education in provincial centre of Zonguldak, Turkey. Personal Information Form and Quality of Life Scale for Young Children (KINDL Quality of Life Scale) were tools for data, collected by the researcher herself from parents through face‐to‐face interview method. Results: It was found in the study that 54.4% of the parents and 42.4% of their children who were involved in the study were frequently used technological devices. Mean score of the children's KINDL Quality of Life Scale was 79.2 (9.5; range 57–99). When comparing this score and its subscales with children's desire to not sleep due to playing virtual games and so forth, the differences between all the other subscales except self‐esteem were significant (p < 0.05). A significant difference was also found between the children's sleeping hours and subscales such as self‐esteem, physical and emotional health (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results show that more than half of the parents and their children frequently use the technological devices. Healthcare providers should inform the parents regarding the possibly negative consequences such as negatively affecting the children's quality of life. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Technological device use is one of the challenging problems seen among children, and it has negative effects on children's health.This use negatively affects the children's quality of life. What does this paper add? The families' and their children's frequency of technological device use was demonstrated.The effect of children's technological device use on their quality of life was determined.The factors affecting the quality of life with respect to the technological device use were determined. The implications of this paper: Technological device use negatively affects children's quality of life.Education programmes should be organized for families and children in order to manage the use of technological devices frequently seen among preschool children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Sports injuries in athletes can lead to negative emotional responses in terms of anger, anxiety, confusion, and sadness. Severe injuries can be understood as a stressful life event with increased levels of psychological distress, but injury assessment and rehabilitation typically focus on somatic symptoms. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and emotional stress and to measure self-rated health in regular exercisers presenting to a sports medicine clinic with musculoskeletal injury. The secondary aim was to identify psychosocial factors associated with depression in injured exercisers and the potential need for psychological counseling. Design: A cross-sectional survey study. Setting: A sports medicine clinic for injuries of the foot, knee, or shoulder. Participants: Regular exercisers with present injuries (N = 694) and exercisers without injuries (N = 494). Regular exercisers were defined as those undertaking moderate exercise at least once a week. Intervention: A questionnaire survey completed on paper by patients in a sports medicine clinic and a web-based version completed by online sports communities. Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed the Major Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, health-related quality of life, and questions on sociodemographics, exercise habits, and injury history. Results: Symptoms of depression were reported by 12% of injured exercisers and 5% of noninjured controls (P <.001). Clinical stress was found in 30% of injured exercisers and 22% of controls (P =.002), and the EQ-5D-5L Visual Analog Scale score was lower for injured (69 [SD = 19]) than noninjured exercisers (87 [SD = 13], P <.001). Injured exercisers with symptoms of depression reported high stress levels and impaired daily functioning, were younger, and were more likely to have over 10 days injury-related work absence. Conclusions: The authors recommend psychological assessment of exercisers attending a sports medicine clinic for musculoskeletal injury and a supplemental clinical psychological interview for suspected depression or stress-related psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose During the survival period of breast cancer patients, an understanding of and ability to implement health knowledge may be important for survivors' physical and mental quality of life (QOL). This study aims to investigate the health literacy and predictors of QOL for survivors of breast cancer. Method: A cross‐sectional design was used, and convenience sampling was performed. Eighty‐six survivors with breast cancer were recruited from a general hospital in northern Taiwan from February to August 2017. Taiwan's health literacy scale and SF‐12 questionnaire were used for data collection. Results: The average health literacy score was 3.28. Education level and breast cancer stage were significant factors for the health literacy of survivors with breast cancer. Age, body mass index and health literacy were predictors of physical health‐related QOL. Health literacy also was a predictor of mental health‐related QOL. Conclusion: The results provide the factors associated health literacy as well as health‐related QOL. Nurses should understand the health literacy among survivors with breast cancer and improve health literacy to optimize their quality of life. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Individuals with lower health literacy generally had fewer communications with medical personnel regarding their own risk of disease.Individuals with higher health literacy tend to have better social‐related QOL. What this paper adds? Survivors with early‐stage breast cancer tended to be younger (aged 60 years or less) had normal body mass index, continued working, had no other illnesses and better physical health.Survivors with normal body mass index who had not received chemotherapy had better mental health.Health literacy was the main predictor and accounted for 20% of the variance in physical health and for 18.8% of the variance in mental health. Implications of this paper: Nurses should understand the importance of health literacy, which is a key factor to improve QOL for survivors with breast cancer.Nurses should develop individualized care plans for survivors based on different levels of health literacy to improve the efficiency of the nurse–patient dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While psychiatric comorbidities of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been extensively explored, less attention has been paid to somatic conditions possibly associated with this disorder. However, mounting evidence in the last decade pointed to a possible significant association between ADHD and certain somatic conditions, including obesity. This papers provides an update of a previous systematic review on the relationship between obesity and ADHD (Cortese and Vincenzi, Curr Top Behav Neurosci 9:199-218, 2012), focusing on pertinent peer-reviewed empirical papers published since 2012. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Knowledge databases (search dates: from January 1st, 2012, to July 16th, 2016). We retained a total of 41 studies, providing information on the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD, focusing on the rates of ADHD in individuals with obesity, or reporting data useful to gain insight into possible mechanisms underlying the putative association between ADHD and obesity. Overall, over the past 4 years, an increasing number of studies have assessed the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD or the rates of ADHD in patients with obesity. Although findings are mixed across individual studies, meta-analytic evidence shows a significant association between ADHD and obesity, regardless of possible confounding factors such as psychiatric comorbidities. An increasing number of studies have also addressed possible mechanisms underlying the link between ADHD and obesity, highlighting the role, among others, of abnormal eating patterns, sedentary lifestyle, and possible common genetic alterations. Importantly, recent longitudinal studies support a causal role of ADHD in contributing to weight gain. The next generation of studies in the field should explore if and to which extent the treatment of comorbid ADHD in individuals with obesity may lead to long-term weight loss, ultimately improving their overall well-being and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Puzzles are mental exercises that enhance cognitive function. Functional cognition is critical for older adults to be able to engage in activities of daily living (ADL) and is linked to positive aging. This paper reports participation by Hispanic older adults in puzzle working and explores the relationship between the reported need for assistance with ADL and puzzles participation. Survey findings from 156 older adults reveal that puzzle working not only provides an opportunity to exercise their mind to solve cognitive challenges, but also elicits emotional and social benefits. The reported need for assistance with ADL is not a statistically significant predictor of participation in puzzle working, indicating that regardless of the level of assistance senior adults need for ADL, they can participate in puzzle working. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental disorders are largely socially determined, yet the combined impact of multidimensional social factors on the two most common mental disorders, depression and anxiety, remains unclear. Methods: We constructed a polysocial risk score (PsRS), a multidimensional social risk indicator including components from three domains: socioeconomic status, neighborhood and living environment and psychosocial factors. Supported by the UK Biobank cohort, we randomly divided 110 332 participants into the discovery cohort (60%; n = 66 200) and the replication cohort (40%; n = 44 134). We tested the associations between 13 single social factors with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) score, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD) score and self-reported depression and anxiety. The significant social factors were used to calculate PsRS for each mental disorder by considering weights from the multivariable linear model. Generalized linear models were applied to explore the association between PsRS and depression and anxiety. Genome-wide environmental interaction study (GWEIS) was further performed to test the effect of interactions between PsRS and SNPs on the risk of mental phenotypes. Results: In the discovery cohort, PsRS was positively associated with PHQ score (β = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.35-0.38), GAD score (β = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.25-0.28), risk of self-reported depression (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.28-1.31) and anxiety (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.19-1.23). Similar results were observed in the replication cohort. Emotional stress, lack of social support and low household income were significantly associated with the development of depression and anxiety. GWEIS identified multiple candidate loci for PHQ score, such as rs149137169 (ST18) (Pdiscovery = 1.08 × 10-8, Preplication = 3.25 × 10-6) and rs3759812 (MYO9A) (Pdiscovery = 3.87 × 10-9, Preplication = 6.21 × 10-5). Additionally, seven loci were detected for GAD score, such as rs114006170 (TMPRSS11D) (Pdiscovery = 1.14 × 10-9, Preplication = 7.36 × 10-5) and rs77927903 (PIP4K2A) (Pdiscovery = 2.40 × 10-9, Preplication = 0.002). Conclusions: Our findings reveal the positive effects of multidimensional social factors on the risk of depression and anxiety. It is important to address key social disadvantage in mental health promotion and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: In the past 30 years, many people with (intellectual) learning disabilities have been moved out of large "institutions" and into their own home in their local communityThese people are now often between 30 and 50 years oldWe asked people with learning disabilities aged between 30 and 50 and who are living in their local community what things, including work, that they enjoyed doingWe asked people with learning disabilities aged between 30 and 50 and who are living in their local community whether they felt that they could make decisions about their lifeWe found out the things that make their life good, and also what might stop people enjoying their lifeWe learnt that people with learning disabilities should receive more support to assist them before they retireWe learnt that people with learning disabilities still need more support and choice around who they live with Background: This study investigated perceived quality of life (QoL) of community‐dwelling middle‐aged adults (30–50 years) with an intellectual disability and/or developmental disability living in rural or urban areas in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. The specific aim of the current paper was to provide a descriptive evidence base of QoL and its specific domains by various key demographic characteristics of middle‐aged individuals. This cohort is likely to have either experienced or reached adulthood during and after large‐scale deinstitutionalisation in Australia. Methods and procedures: A cross‐sectional design was utilised, based on the QoL‐Q survey, testing domains of satisfaction; Competence/Productivity; Empowerment/Independence; and social belonging/community integration. The survey included demographic questions and was distributed to participants through disability support agencies across two states. The final sample included 291 respondents. Results: The overall QoL‐Q scores ranged from 3.0 to 29.5 (Mean = 20.4, SD, 4.1), with considerable variation in mean scores both across and within domains. The two demographic areas that showed greatest predictive value for QoL were work status and accommodation issues. The loss of agency and control in choice of co‐residents influenced perceived QoL for empowerment and independence domain of QoL‐Q. Conclusions: The findings highlight QoL issues associated with policy decisions and support programmes for middle‐aged adults. The two key recommendations arising from the project are that future planning for post‐retirement or reduced working hours needs to commence at a much younger age than currently expected, and more attention needs to focus on facilitating individual decision‐making and choice within shared accommodation options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using cross-sectional data from a representative sample of the French population (the 2008 Disability Health survey), this paper examines whether the SF-6D, a widely used preference-based measure of health-related quality of life in economic evaluations, fully captures the variation in subjective well-being (SWB) due to chronic illnesses. We conduct a mediation analysis to disentangle the direct and indirect, through the SF-6D, effects of various chronic conditions on SWB (happiness). Our results show that the SF-6D reflects changes in happiness due to most illnesses except mental illness. Changes in SWB mediated by the SF-6D account for 74% of the total effect. The variation unexplained by the SF-6D is significant and increases substantially in the presence of multimorbidity when a chronic illness is combined with anxiety or depression. Overall, our results suggest that the SF-6D incompletely captures the subjective experience of chronically ill patients, especially those with comorbid conditions. • 74% of the effect of chronic illness on happiness is captured by the SF-6D. • The SF-6D does not fully capture the effect of mental illness on happiness. • The effect not captured by the SF-6D increases significantly with multimorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Experiencing food allergies and food insecurity has been linked to socioeconomic, physical, and mental health-related challenges, but less is known about the intersection of these experiences. This study aims to better understand the impact of food insecurity on food allergy patients and their caregivers, with the intention of informing ongoing efforts to improve screening for food insecurity and mental health concerns and reducing their burden among households managing food allergy. Method: As part of a community needs assessment, a cross-sectional survey was administered to a large, national sample (N=5,940) of US households with at least one food-allergic individual, The Hunger Vital Sign was utilized to assess food insecurity, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) and Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM) were leveraged to measure psychosocial outcomes. Results: Among respondents, 69.9% screened at-risk of food insecurity on the Hunger Vital Sign, while 5.6% reported very low food security. Both adults and children with food allergy (FA) from households at risk for food insecurity were more likely to report FA-related anxiety, anger, loneliness, fear of eating, and bullying victimization than their counterparts from households not at risk of food insecurity (p <.0001 for all). Among these specific experiences, FA-related anxiety was the most common (25.4%/30.1% of children/adults). Perceived risk of food allergy-related fatality was positively associated with food insecurity status. Conclusion: Individuals with food allergies who are concomitantly experiencing food insecurity are at greater risk of a variety of mental health concerns, including those specific to food allergy as well as more general anxiety and depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Psychological frailty adds most to overall feelings of frailty, but is often neglected, although meaning in life is important for psychological well-being. The purpose of this paper is to explore the sources of meaning in life within psychologically frail older people. Design/methodology/approach: Data (n= 16,872) generated from the Belgian Ageing Studies were collected, using the Comprehensive Frailty Assessment Instrument and the Sources of Meaning Profile (SOMP-R) instrument. Psychometric properties of the SOMP-R were explored using factor and reliability analysis and one-way-ANOVA analysis were used to asses mean differences. Findings: Financial security, meeting basic needs and personal relations play an important role as sources of meaning in life. Moreover, the SOMP-R showed excellent psychometric properties. Research limitations/implications: Due to the cross-sectional design of this study, evolution in time and causal links could not be assessed. Practical implications: The findings of this study emphasize that sources of meaning in life are relevant and can be assessed using the SOMP-R upon which individually tailored care plans can be developed. The results show that, meaning in life as such plays an important role for psychologically frail older people. As a consequence, this offers insights to support these older people. Caregivers and policymakers might therefore take these results into account. Guarantee and/or follow up a frail individual's financial security, assessing and enabling one's personal relationships and meeting their basic needs are very important when taking care of psychologically frail older individuals. Social implications: Besides the practical implications, the social inclusion of psychologically frail older people seems to be relevant. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, the association between meaning in life and psychological frailty in later life is not yet investigated. Further the findings of this study emphasize that sources of meaning in life are relevant and can be assessed using the SOMP-R upon which individually tailored care plans can be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this paper was to assess the level and the determinants of quality of life (QOL) amongst patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of 200 adult MS patients. Inclusion criteria were: MS diagnosis for at least one year, and aged 21+ years. However, exclusion criteria were: having other neurological diseases, serious cardiovascular, orthopedic or other disability precluding participation. Self-administered questionnaire employed MSQOL-54 with two outcomes: Physical Health Composite (PHC) and mental health composite (MHC). Satisfaction with Daily Occupation scale was adopted through face to face interviews. The median of PHC and MHC scores were 48.9/100, and 53.4/100 respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that unemployment was a determinant of poor PHC, while low monthly income was a predictor of poor MHC. Additionally, low endurance and sensory problems were associated with poor PHC, and MHC, while motor problems were allied with only poor PHC. Patient’s satisfaction level with performing activities of daily living was positively associated with PHC and MHC. Assessment of QOL is suggested to be comprised in medical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: To comprehensively examine the prevailing condition of care dependence among middle‐aged individuals who have experienced hemiplegia subsequent to a stroke and were currently undergoing post‐acute rehabilitation. Additionally, the study sought to analyse the determinants that impacted this phenomenon. Design: A single‐centre, cross‐sectional study design. Methods: During the period from January 2020 to October 2022, a cohort of 196 hemiplegic stroke patients, aged between 40 and 65, and within 6 months of their stroke onset, was selected from the cerebrovascular outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou. The demographic and disease‐related data, care dependence level, mental state, nutrition and depression status were collected. Furthermore, all collected data were analysed by descriptive and correlative statistical methods. Results: The care dependence level was 51.04 ± 9.42, with an incidence of care dependence of 78.1%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age, history of falls, physical dysfunction, chronic comorbidities, depression, nutritional status and cognitive dysfunction were influencing factors for care dependence in the participants after a stroke. Conclusion: The incidence of care dependence among hemiplegic patients aged from 40 to 65 years old in the early stage after a stroke was high. Nursing staff should focus on these patients with a history of falling, physical dysfunction, comorbidity, depression status, nutritional status and cognitive dysfunction in clinical practice. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The incidence of care dependence in middle‐aged hemiplegic patients following a stroke is significantly increased. Some risk factors should be assessed, monitored, and controlled by nursing staff as early as possible in order to reduce the dependence levels in post‐acute rehabilitation period and improve the quality of life of hemiplegia patients. Reporting Method: Our study complies with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Checklist: cross‐sectional studies (see Table S1). Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from school to university brings significant adjustments in lifestyle, body weight, and living environment for young adults, potentially impacting their quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have exacerbated these changes. This cross-sectional study involved 361 young adults (18–25 years) from Malaysian tertiary institutions, aiming to identify factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) post-COVID-19 restrictions. Data were collected online between April and July 2022, utilizing the WHOQOL-BREF for HRQOL assessment. Participants, with a median age of 23, scored highest in the physical health domain (mean: 63.2, SD = 16.2) and lowest in psychological health (mean: 58.2, SD = 16.9). Physical health domain scores varied by ethnicity, the field of study, weight category, and prescription medicine usage; environmental health scores by ethnicity and household income; and social health scores by age. Moderate perceived stress and low perceived support were significant predictors of poor HRQOL. Across the weight categories, sleep quality, perceived stress, and support have consistently impacted the HRQOL domain scores. This study underscores the multifaceted influences on young adults' quality of life during the transition to university, especially in post-pandemic adjustments, highlighting the importance of addressing factors such as perceived stress and support to enhance overall well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, family physicians (FPs) served as the the initial point of contact for patients potentially infected with the virus, necessitating frequent updates to treatment protocols. However, practices also faced organizational challenges in providing care to other patients who also needed their medical attention. The pressure on FPs increased and affected their well-being. The international PRICOV-19 study, titled "Primary care in times of COVID-19 pandemic," investigated how FPs functioned during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article examines the correlation between various organizational and structural COVID-19-related variables and the well-being of FPs in Slovenia. Methods: Between October 2020 and January 2021, we conducted an online cross-sectional survey. The questionnaire was distributed to 1040 Slovenian FPs and 218 family medicine (FM) trainees. Part of the questionnaire assessed the cooperation and well-being of FPs. The Mayo Clinic Well-being Index was used for the assessment. FP's well-being was also assessed descriptively by asking open-ended questions about maintaining mental health during the pandemic. Potential factors associated with FPs' well-being were identified using a multivariate linear regression method. Results: The final sample comprised 191 participants (response rate 14.1%). The mean value ± standard deviation of the Mayo Well-being Index was 3.3 ± 2.6 points. The FPs with the poorest well-being had 5–15 years of work experience and worked in a practice where work could not be distributed in the absence of a co-worker without compromising the well-being of colleagues. Physical activity was identified as the most common method of maintaining mental health among FPs. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that targeted interventions are needed to support FPs mid-career, increase resilience in practice, promote strong team dynamics, and prioritise physical activity in healthcare. Addressing these aspects can contribute to the well-being of individual FPs and the overall health of the healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study focuses on the fathers of children with chronic illnesses in an effort to clarify how the stressor and the father's sense of coherence (SOC) influence their mental health and how the father's SOC is associated with the social support. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Methods: We conducted a self‐reported questionnaire survey of 137 respondents (51 fathers of children with chronic illnesses, 86 fathers of healthy children) were statistically using ANOVA. Results: The fathers' stressor was significantly related to their SOC. Furthermore, the SOC of the fathers majorly influenced their mental health, while having a buffering effect on the stressor with respect to depression. And their SOC was significantly positively associated with the social support. Our findings underscore that father's SOC has a buffering effect on self‐mental health and is important for maintaining mental health and enhancing SOC to reduce the stressors of these fathers with respect to depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many neurological disorders cause disabilities in children, and cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. Children with CP experience reduced quality of life (QOL). CP is the most prevalent cause of disability in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to establish quantitative evidence related to QOL and the factors influencing it among children with CP. We recruited 132 participants between 2 and 18 years of age diagnosed with CP from several hospitals and rehabilitation centers. Participants were classified according to age based on the Pediatric QOL Inventory CP Module (PedsQL 3.0 CPM), which was completed by parental proxies. The Gross Motor Functional Classification System--Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-E&R) divided participants based on their functional level. Of the 132 participants, 79 were male and 53 were female. We observed reduced mean score of QOL in all PedsQL 3.0 CPM dimensions. Parents reported the lowest QOL for movement and balance activities and the highest QOL for eating activities. There was a significant negative moderate correlation between QOL and GMFCS-E&R scores (rs = -0.56, P = 0.01) and a significant moderate positive correlation between QOL and schooling (rs = 0.4, P < 0.03) and socioeconomic status of the family (rs = 0.42, P < 0.04). The parents of children with CP reported poor QOL for the children. Decreased functional levels were associated with reduced QOL, whereas schooling positively impacted QOL. More frequent rehabilitation services may be required to educate and encourage positive parental involvement during rehabilitation, further enhancing QOL among children with CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) was designed to develop, validate, and standardize item banks to measure key domains of physical, mental, and social health in chronic conditions. This paper reports the calibration and validation testing of the PROMIS Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Conditions measures.Methods: PROMIS Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Conditions item banks comprise five domains, Self-Efficacy for Managing: Daily Activities, Symptoms, Medications and Treatments, Emotions, and Social Interactions. Banks were calibrated in 1087 subjects from two data sources: 837 patients with chronic neurologic conditions (epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, neuropathy, Parkinson disease, and stroke) and 250 subjects from an online Internet sample of adults with general chronic conditions. Scores were compared with one legacy scale: Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item scale (SEMCD6) and five PROMIS short forms: Global Health (Physical and Mental), Physical Function, Fatigue, Depression, and Anxiety.Results: The sample was 57% female, mean age = 53.8 (SD = 14.7), 76% white, 21% African American, 6% Hispanic, and 76% with greater than high school education. Full-item banks were created for each domain. All measures had good internal consistency and correlated well with SEMCD6 (r  = 0.56-0.75). Significant correlations were seen between the Self-Efficacy measures and other PROMIS short forms (r  > 0.38).Conclusions: The newly developed PROMIS Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Conditions measures include five domains of self-efficacy that were calibrated across diverse chronic conditions and show good internal consistency and cross-sectional validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Employment status and working conditions are strong determinants of male health, and are therefore an important focus in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (Ten to Men). In this paper, we describe key work variables included in Ten to Men, and present analyses relating psychosocial job quality to mental health and subjective wellbeing at baseline.Methods: A national sample of males aged 10 to 55 years residing in private dwellings was drawn using a stratified multi-stage cluster random sample design. Data were collected between October 2013 and July 2014 for a cohort of 15,988 males, representing a response fraction of 35 %. This analysis was restricted to 18-55 year old working age participants (n = 13,456). Work-related measures included employment status, and, for those who were employed, a number of working conditions including an ordinal scale of psychosocial job quality (presence of low job control, high demand and complexity, high job insecurity, and low fairness of pay), and working time-related stressors such as long working hours and night shift work. Associations between psychosocial job quality and two outcome measures, mental ill-health and subjective wellbeing, were assessed using multiple linear regression.Results: The majority of participants aged 18-55 years were employed at baseline (85.6 %), with 8.4 % unemployed and looking for work, and 6.1 % not in the labour force. Among employed participants, there was a high prevalence of long working hours (49.9 % reported working more than 40 h/week) and night shift work (23.4 %). Psychosocial job quality (exposure to 0/1/2/3+ job stressors) prevalence was 36 %/ 37 %/ 20 %/ and 7 % of the working respondents. There was a dose-response relationship between psychosocial job quality and each of the two outcome measures of mental health and subjective wellbeing after adjusting for potential confounders, with higher magnitude associations between psychosocial job quality and subjective wellbeing.Conclusions: These results extend the study of psychosocial job quality to demonstrate associations with a global measure of subjective wellbeing. Ten to Men represents a valuable new resource for the longitudinal and life course study of work and health in the Australian male population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary What is known on the subject? Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) which is a measurement of mental health and well-being, was translated into Chinese to assess the reliability and validity in a sample of undergraduate nursing trainees in Wenzhou. What this paper adds to existing knowledge? Currently, there is no a reliable assessment tool to systematically evaluate mental well-being in mainland China. Therefore, we undertook the translation and cultural adaptation of the WEMWBS and tested the scale's reliability and validity. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale have been demonstrated in Hong Kong, but the WEMWBS has not been validated in mainland China in either clinical or non-clinical settings. What are the implications for practice? It might provide a reliable quantitative tool to evaluate mental well-being in non-clinical settings, which has important implications for mental health nursing. In future,it might be a reliable quantitative tool for evaluating mental well-being in other population such as hospitalized patients to improve their life quality. Abstract Introduction There is growing interest worldwide in the evaluation of positive mental health and wellbeing. Aim This study was to translate the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) into Chinese and assess the reliability and validity of this scale in a sample of undergraduate nursing trainees. Methods A forward and backward translation protocol was used to translate the scale into Chinese. The psychometric properties of the C-WEMWBS, such as internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability and factorial validity, were analysed. Results All 14 items of the initial C-WEMWBS were rated as conceptually equivalent to those of the original version. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the emergence of a single factor. The psychometric properties of the C-WEMWBS were satisfactory, with an internal consistency reliability of .94 and a test-retest reliability of .83. The item-total correlations ranged from .66 to .83. There was a moderate relationship ( r = .52) between the C-WEMWBS and the WHO-5. Implications for practice This was the first Chinese version of the WEMWBS to be developed and psychometrically assessed with a sample of undergraduate nursing trainees. It provides a reliable quantitative tool to evaluate mental well-being in non-clinical settings, which has important implications for mental health nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim This paper intends to compare quality of life (QoL) and mental health among pregnant women with and without previous pregnancy loss. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 409 women between the 16th and 30th weeks of gestation in health centers in Ahvaz, Iran, including 145 women with prior pregnancy loss (group 1) and 264 women without such history (group 2). Data were collected using the QoL Short Form-36 questionnaire, the Mental Health Questionnaire 25 and a questionnaire for assessing sociodemographic variables. Data were analyzed using spss version 22. Results were analyzed using the χ2-test, the Student's t-test and logistic regression. P < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results There was a significant difference between the two groups in respect to QoL and mental health. Women with previous pregnancy loss had lower scores in total and in all subscales of the QoL Short Form-36 ( P < 0.001) and higher scores in total and in six out of the nine subscales of the Mental Health Questionnaire 25 compared to women without these histories. Conclusion Women with history of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth seem to have poorer QoL and mental health during their subsequent pregnancy than those without such experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Over the last decade, the inadequacy and unsustainability of current healthcare services for managing long-term co-morbid and multi-morbid diseases have become evident. Methods: This study, involving 426 adults with at least one non-communicable disease in Slovenia, aimed to explore the link between quality of life, life satisfaction, person-centred care, and non-communicable disease management. Results: Results indicated generally positive perceptions of quality of life, general health, and life satisfaction of individuals with non-communicable diseases. Participants assessed their physical health as the highest of the four quality of life domains, followed by the environment, social relations, and psychological health. Significant differences occurred in life satisfaction, general health, quality of life, and person-centred care for managing non-communicable diseases. But, there were no significant differences in person-centred care according to the living environment. The study revealed a positive association between person-centred care and effective non-communicable disease management, which is also positively associated with quality of life, general health, and life satisfaction. Conclusions: Person-centred care is currently the most compassionate and scientific practice conceived, representing a high ethical standard. However, implementing this approach in healthcare systems requires a cohesive national strategy led by capable individuals to foster stakeholder collaboration. Such an approach is crucial to address the deficiencies of existing healthcare services and ensure person-centred care sustainability in non-communicable disease management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Nutrition literacy is a concept that improves individuals' diet quality, and quality of life and contributes to enhancing their general health by using and interpreting nutrition-related information correctly. This study purposed to determine the nutritional literacy and quality of life levels of university students and relate them with anthropometric measurements. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and was conducted with 374 university students over the age of 18 at a state university. Nutrition literacy was assessed by using the Evaluation Instrument of Nutrition Literacy on Adults (EINLA), and quality of life was evaluated with the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (Turkish_WHOQOL-BREF). Waist, middle-upper arm, neck circumference, body weight, and height were measured in accordance with appropriate techniques by researchers. Independent t and One-Way ANOVA tests were used to determine differences between two and more than two mean values. Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect relationships between scores of total EINLA, its sections, total Turkish_WHOQOL-BREF and its dimensions, and other variables. Results: The mean EINLA and WHOQOL-BREF scores of the participants were 25.3±4.7 (borderline) and 54.3±15.1, respectively. While the EINLA score varied according to gender, faculty (health sciences vs others), and degree (1 to 4), the WHOQOL-BREF score varied according to gender and living place (home vs dormitory). EINLA and WHOQOL-BREF scores of BMI (underweight to obese), waist circumference, and neck circumference (normal vs at risk) groups were not different. It was found positive significant relationships between the second section of EINLA (reading comprehension and interpretation) and psychological health, the third section of EINLA (food groups), and social relationships (p<0.05). Conclusion: Nutrition literacy, anthropometric measurements, and quality of life of university students are affected by a multifactorial situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated and compared short and long-term effects of COVID-19 on HRQoL and psychological outcomes among the Saudi population. Methods: The Arabic version of the SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess HRQoL while Anxiety and depression were evaluated by the Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A) and Depression Scales (HDRS). Participants (n=292) were categorized into three groups: the "never-been-infected" group (n=134), the "one-year infected group" (n=43), and the "more than one year infected" group (n=115). Descriptive statistics were presented using numerical values and frequencies. To compare the groups, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used. Results: Most SF-36 domains exhibited lower values while HAM-A and HDRS values were higher in individuals infected during last year compared to those who never infected. Social functioning subscale of the SF-36 showed a significant difference between the groups (F (2.289) = 6.094, p = 0.01) and the effect size was d = 0.95. Pairwise comparison showed a significant reduction in the social functioning component of SF-36 in "one-year group" compared to both groups "never-been-infected" group (mean difference − 13.58 (4.40– 22.76) p < 0.01) and "more than one year infected" group (mean difference − 10.80 (1.44– 20.16) p = 0.02). HAM-A and HDRS scores showed mild levels of anxiety (< 17 score) and depression (8 to 16 score) in all groups. Conclusion: The influence of COVID-19 on psychological well-being and HRQoL is significant regardless of whether individuals infected with the virus. Overall, the consistent presence of mild anxiety and depression across all groups highlights the need for a holistic approach to mental health. Plain Language Summary: In this study, we looked at how COVID-19 infection affected the quality of life and mental well-being of people in Saudi Arabia in both the short and long term. We used surveys to measure quality of life, anxiety, and depression among 292 participants, categorizing them based on whether they had never been infected, were infected within the last year, or were infected more than one year ago. The results showed that individuals who were infected in the last year had lower scores in various aspects of quality of life and higher levels of anxiety and depression compared to those who had never been infected. Although mild levels of anxiety and depression were found in all groups. The study suggests that there is an impact on mental health in individuals even one year post-infection compared to never infected individuals. This highlights the importance of ongoing mental health support for individuals who have experienced the virus. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to mental health care that considers both those who have been infected and those who have not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objectives: To evaluate changes in compassion fatigue (CF), burnout (BO), compassion satisfaction (CS) and fear of COVID‐19 among Spanish nurses by comparing two assessment points: before and after the COVID‐19 vaccination campaign. Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic has produced a great impact in healthcare worker's professional quality of life, especially among nurses. CF, BO and fear of COVID‐19 decisively affect the care provided by nurses and put them at risk for mental health problems, so longitudinal studies are essential. Design: A repeated cross‐sectional design was carried out with a time‐lapse of 12 months. Methods: A total of 439 registered nurses in December 2020 and 410 in December 2021 participated in this study through an online survey. Data were collected using the Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale. Occupational and sociodemographic variables were also analysed. This article adheres to the STROBE guidelines for the reporting of observational studies. Results: The fear of COVID‐19 has not been reduced among nurses. The levels of BO remain stable and continue to be high in half of the professionals. CF has been reduced with a small effect size (d = 0.30), while CS has also decreased (d = 0.30). Positive correlations were found in both assessment points between fear of COVID‐19 and BO (r =.44, p ≤.001; r =.41, p ≤.001) and also between fear of COVID and CF (r =.57, p ≤.001; r =.50, p ≤.001). Negative correlations between fear and CS were also found (r = −.16, p =.001; r = −.22, p ≤.001). Relevance to Clinical Practice: Programmes to reduce fear of COVID‐19, BO and CF are needed to improve mental health and to prevent psychological distress among nurses, as well as to increase CS and preserve the productivity and quality of nursing care. Patient or Public Contribution: The nurses collaborated by participating in the present study anonymously and disinterestedly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to estimate the comorbidity of mental disorders and chronic physical conditions and to describe the impact of these conditions on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of older primary care (PC) attendees by gender.Methods: Cross-sectional survey, conducted in 77 PC centres in Catalonia (Spain) on 1192 patients over 65 years old. Using face-to-face interviews, we assessed HRQoL (SF-12), mental disorders (SCID and MINI structured clinical interviews), chronic physical conditions (checklist), and disability (Sheehan disability scale). We used multivariate quantile regressions to model which factors were associated with the physical component summary-short form 12 and mental component summary-short form 12.Result: The most frequent comorbidity in both men and women was mood disorder with chronic pain and arthrosis. Mental disorders mainly affected 'mental' QoL, while physical disorders affected 'physical' QoL. Mental disorders had a greater impact on HRQoL than chronic physical conditions, with mood and adjustment disorders being the most disabling conditions. There were some gender differences in the impact of mental and chronic physical conditions on HRQoL. Anxiety disorders and pain had an impact on HRQoL but only in women. Respiratory diseases had an effect on the MCS in women, but only affected the PCS in men.Conclusions: Mood and adjustment disorders had the greatest impact on HRQoL. The impact profile of mental and chronic physical conditions differs between genders. Our results reinforce the need for screening for mental disorders (mainly depression) in older patients in PC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To derive EQ-5D-5L Spanish population norms based on a national representative sample adjusted by age, gender and region.Methods: A representative sample of the Spanish general population (n = 21,007) was used in a cross-sectional study. The source of data was the Spanish National Health Survey 2011-2012. All socio-demographic factors and clinical characteristics were carried to a descriptive analysis. All variables were stratified by region, gender and age-group.Results: The utility value 1 is the most repeated (62%) in this representative population sample. This study showed a deterioration of health states as age increases. Overall, men reported better health status than women. In relation to ceiling effect by regions, there was little difference with the highest scores. Conversely, the lowest score corresponds to Galicia.Conclusions: The paper reports EQ-5D-5L normative data for Spanish general population, based on a national representative sample adjusted by region, gender and age-group. These results may serve as reference data of the population health status. A regional difference in health status could be observed, which might suggest that policies aiming to reduce regional inequalities are important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is an important measure and outcome within chronic disease management and treatment, including substance use disorders (SUD). The aim of this paper was to investigate correlates of poorer QoL of individuals entering SUD treatment in Norway, in order to identify subgroups that may most benefit from different interventions.Methods: Twenty-one treatment facilities invited all incoming patients to participate. Five hundred forty-nine patients who enrolled between December 2012 and April 2015 are analyzed. QoL, substance use, mental and physical comorbidities, and exercise behaviors were measured. Multinomial regression analysis was used to determine variables significantly associated with poorer QoL.Results: The majority of both genders (75 %) reported "poor" or "very poor" QoL at intake. Depression showed a strong association with poor QoL (relative risk ratio [RRR] 3.3, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.0-10.3) and very poor QoL (RRR 3.8, 1.2-11.8) among women. Physical inactivity among men was associated with very poor QoL (RRR 2.0, 1.1-3.7), as was reporting eating most meals alone (RRR 2.6, 1.4-4.8). Evaluating one's weight as too low was also associated with poor QoL (RRR 2.0, 1.0-3.9) and very poor QoL (RRR 2.0, 1.1-3.7) among men. Consuming methadone/buprenorphine was a protective factor for men reporting poor QoL (RRR 0.5, 0.3-0.9) and very poor QoL (RRR 0.4, 0.2-0.9), as well as for women reporting very poor QoL (RRR 0.2, 0.0-0.6).Conclusions: Factors associated with poorer QoL among other healthy and clinical populations, such as impaired social and physical well-being and psychological distress, were also seen associated in this sample. Treatment should be targeted towards patients with these particular vulnerabilities in addition to focusing on substance-related factors, and interventions proven to improve the QoL of other populations with these vulnerabilities should be explored in a SUD context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical functioning and mobility of older populations are of increasing interest when populations are aging. Lower body functioning such as walking is a fundamental part of many actions in daily life. Limitations in mobility threaten independent living as well as quality of life in old age. In this study we examine differences in physical aging and convert those differences into the everyday measure of single years of age.Methods: We use the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, which was collected biennially between 2002 and 2012. Data on physical performance, health as well as information on economics and demographics of participants were collected. Lower body performance was assessed with two timed walks at normal pace each of 8 ft (2.4 m) of survey participants aged at least 60 years. We employed growth curve models to study differences in physical aging and followed the characteristic-based age approach to illustrate those differences in single years of age.Results: First, we examined walking speed of about 11,700 English individuals, and identified differences in aging trajectories by sex and other characteristics (e.g. education, occupation, regional wealth). Interestingly, higher educated and non-manual workers outperformed their counterparts for both men and women. Moreover, we transformed the differences between subpopulations into single years of age to demonstrate the magnitude of those gaps, which appear particularly high at early older ages.Conclusions: This paper expands research on aging and physical performance. In conclusion, higher education provides an advantage in walking of up to 15 years for men and 10 years for women. Thus, enhancements in higher education have the potential to ensure better mobility and independent living in old age for a longer period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with a vast psychosocial burden. We analyzed the actual and ideal patient–doctor relationship and patients' satisfaction with the patient–doctor relationship in relation to their satisfaction with life (SWL), HS-related quality of life, and psychopathological symptoms. Methods: 105 HS patients (53% females; mean age 37.64 ± 14.01 years) were enrolled. Severity of the disease was measured using Hurley staging and the International HS Score System (IHS4). Instruments utilized: Patient Expectation Test; Satisfaction with Life Scale; HS Quality of Life; Patient Health Questionnaire-9; Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; General Health Questionnaire. Results: Patients with Hurley I and mild IHS4 had the lowest satisfaction with the patient–doctor relationship. There were significant correlations between the actual patient–doctor relationship and the patients' SWL (r = 0.30; p = 0.002), depressive (r = −0.36; p < 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.37; p < 0.01) and psychopathological symptoms (r = −0.47; p < 0.0001) and between the satisfaction with the patient–doctor relationship and their SWL (r = −0.32; p = 0.00098). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant influence of the following factors: Hurley II + III, psychopathological symptoms, and severe anxiety about the actual patient–doctor relationship and the satisfaction with the patient–doctor relationship. Conclusions: Assessment of relations between patients and doctors is related to the patients' mental health and SWL. The usage of the Patient Expectation Test in clinical practice can improve the patient–doctor relationship and the general quality of care for and compliance by HS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to explore the relationship between workplace bullying among nurses and their professional quality of life, as well as the mediating role of coping styles between the two factors. Background: In China, the overall status of nurses' professional quality of life is not optimistic, and the problems of low compassion satisfaction and high compassion fatigue persist. Workplace bullying, which is a serious global issue, can negatively impact the mental health and professional quality of nurses. However, it has still not attracted enough attention from managers. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional research design and surveyed 297 clinical nurses from two tertiary grade A hospitals in Wuhan, China. Data were collected through an online questionnaire survey from March to May 2022. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, including Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. Results: The score for nurses' workplace bullying was 38.72 ± 12.30. The scores for the three dimensions of professional quality of life were 27.56 ± 4.79 for compassion satisfaction, 30.51 ± 4.33 for burnout, and 28.47 ± 4.65 for secondary trauma stress. The scores for positive coping style and negative coping style were 34.59 ± 5.72 and 20.34 ± 5.08 points, respectively. Workplace bullying had a direct negative effect on compassion satisfaction, as well as positive direct effects on burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Coping styles played a mediating effect between workplace bullying and the pairwise relationships of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary trauma stress. Conclusion: Workplace bullying hurts nurses' professional quality of life while coping styles plays an mediating role between workplace bullying and professional quality of life. Nursing managers can improve nurses' professional quality of life by reducing workplace bullying and enhancing positive coping style. Implications for nursing management: Nursing managers can employ management wisdom and techniques to mitigate the presence and detrimental effects of workplace bullying. This, in turn, promotes a positive work environment and enhances the professional quality of life for nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced the Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) to ensure the transition from face-to-face learning to online teaching for continuity of education. This study aimed to investigate the association between e-learning and mental health status of UKM medical students. A cross-sectional study was carried out among Years 4 and 5 UKM medical students. Participants were randomly selected from a registered list. Students' perceptions of e-learning usage prior to and during COVID-19 pandemic and its relation to mental health status were assessed using The World Health Organisation Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires. Mean scores for depression were 5.35 (SD 3.38) and anxiety 6.48 (SD 3.36). The frequency of e-learning usage per week was increased during COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID period (p=0.045). Comparing the four domains of quality od life (QOL), psychological health had the lowest mean score of 62.63 (SD 15.22) while the environmental domain was the highest 69.34 (SD 10.92). Total QOL scores were significantly correlated with depression (p<0.001) and anxiety (p<0.001). This study provided insights into the effect of e-learning practice on medical students' mental health status. A significant increase in e-learning usage during COVID-19 was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of early life stress (ELS) in a population with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and to estimate its burden on mental, physical, and digestive health. Ninety-three participants with IBD were asked to anonymously complete questionnaires (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Early Life Event Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Ways of Coping Checklist, Gastro-Intestinal Quality of Life Index questionnaire, and ad hoc questions about symptoms). The prevalence of patients with IBD who were exposed to at least one childhood abuse was 53%. Mental health and quality of life were significantly poorer in patients with IBD who were exposed to early abuse than in those who were not. Patients exposed to ELS had also more digestive perturbations and fatigue. These results suggest that early abuse should be considered a component of IBD care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the health‐related quality of life of nursing workers and influential factors. Background: Nursing workers are under great occupational stress. However, few population‐level studies of nursing workers' health conditions have been reported from China. Design This was a cross‐sectional study conducted in 12 medical institutions in east China between January and March 2015. Methods: Social‐demographic information, nursing workers' work‐related information and health‐related quality of life using the Chinese (mainland) version of the Short Form 36 health survey were collected by a self‐administrated questionnaire. Results: Nursing workers reported significantly lower scores of the vitality, mental health dimensions, and mental component summary of the Short Form 36 survey compared with general population reference values. They scored significantly higher for five other dimensions and comparably for the physical role dimension. Pre‐job training, families' positive attitudes to their job, and good relationships with clients were positively related with nursing workers' mental well‐being. Conclusion: To promote nursing workers' mental health, compulsory work‐related training, voluntary psychological counselling, and targeted legislation are needed. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Shortages of professional medical staff in medical institution at all levels will not be quickly met, and nursing workers are thought to be an important supplement in China.Population‐level study on nursing workers' point of view of their work and health condition has been little reported in China. What this paper adds? Nursing workers were mentally vulnerable regarding their vitality and mental health scores.Job training, families' positive attitudes to their job, and good relationships with clients were all protective factors for nursing workers' mental well‐being. The implications of this paper: Compulsory work‐related training for nursing workers provided by intermediary companies can help promote nursing workers' well‐being.Voluntary psychological counselling provided by hospitals can also be helpful to build a supportive work environment for nursing workers.Governments need to regulate this market and protect nursing workers' rights and benefits by legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Having a child with speech and language disorders, while creating a sense of great therapeutic responsibility towards them, will significantly affect the psychological dimensions of parents, especially mothers as the primary caregiver. They are more exposed to the pressures and stress that result from the sense of responsibility towards their children. The aim of this study was to compare the level of stress, depression, and quality of life (QoL) among mothers of children with speech and language disorders whose children have received rehabilitation services for different periods of time. Materials & Methods The current descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 185 mothers of children with speech and language disorders who needed to receive rehabilitation services. Data collection was done using: a short form of parenting stress index (PSI-SF) to measure stress, the Beck depression inventory-2nd edition (BDI-II) to measure maternal depression rate, a health survey questionnaire (a 36-item short form) (SF-36) to measure the QoL. Based on the duration of receiving rehabilitation services, mothers participating in this study were divided into four groups: 1) For less than one month, 2) Between 1 to 6 months, 3) Between 7 to 11 months, and 4) For more than 12 months. The data were analyzed by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance and multivariate ANOVA. Results Comparing the mean scores of PSI, BDI-II, and SF-36 between four groups of mothers was significant (P<0.001). The results showed that mothers whose children had received rehabilitation services for a longer period of time had lower mean stress and depression scores and higher mean QoL scores (P<0.001). The factor of the type of child's disorder had a significant effect on the results (P<0.05). Conclusion The lowest score of stress and depression and the highest score of QoL in mothers who had received rehabilitation services for more than 12 months can indicate that mothers who receive rehabilitation services for a longer period of time see the improvement of their children. They are also better able to use stress coping strategies to deal with their child's problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the relationships of self-efficacy, coping strategies, and quality of life (QoL) among patients with chronic hepatitis B and to explore whether coping strategies play a mediating role. In this cross-sectional study, 193 patients with chronic hepatitis B from two tertiary hospitals were recruited. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. The results indicated that physical and mental QoL were positively associated with self-efficacy and negatively associated with resignation coping. Moreover, resignation coping partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and physical and mental QoL. Our findings indicated that healthcare providers can enhance self-efficacy with an emphasis on reducing the use of resignation coping to better improve QoL among patients with chronic hepatitis B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To investigate the factors affecting quality of life in healthcare providers who care for patients with COVID‐19. Background: Healthcare providers caring for COVID‐19 patients during the pandemic suffered a deterioration in their quality of life. Several studies have explored their psychological impact of working with COVID patients, but none have examined the causes of this deterioration. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: In the current study, the authors investigated the factors affecting quality of life in 293 healthcare providers recruited from a medical centre in northern Taiwan who had recently cared for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 by analysing their responses to an online self‐report questionnaire, using bivariate correlations and structural equation modelling. Reporting of this research adheres to the STROBE guideline. Results: The study identified an important sequence of factors that mediated the effects of perceived success of epidemic prevention policies, family relations problems and education level on quality of life in a sample of healthcare workers caring for COVID‐19 patients. The mediators were use of approach‐oriented coping strategies and current mental health status. Specifically, use of approach‐oriented coping strategies was found to directly cause improved quality of life and indirectly cause improved mental health, whereas use of avoidant coping strategies was found to directly cause worsening of mental health. Poor mental health predicted poor quality of life. Conclusions: Results suggest that implementation of sound epidemic prevention policies that promote adoption of approach‐oriented coping behaviour should lead to a better quality of life in the future for healthcare providers working in challenging circumstances. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Assessment of these policies as well as the providers' family relations are necessary first steps to improving the success of approach‐oriented coping behaviour in this population, which in turn can improve their mental health and quality of life. Patient or Public Contribution: Neither patients nor members of the public were involved in the design or execution of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to affect both physical and mental health. Because of this mental health burden, it is important to pay attention to issues such as the relationship between spiritual health, death attitudes and meaning in life – all issues made more prominent during the pandemic. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between these three factors - spiritual health, meaning in life, and death attitudes, among patients with COVID-19 discharged from the intensive care units of hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted between April 2020 and August 2021 with 260 participants. The data collection instruments were a demographic characteristics questionnaire, Polotzin and Ellison's Spiritual Health Questionnaire, The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R). The correlation between meaning in life, spiritual health, and death attitudes was determined by Spearman's correlation coefficient. The research results showed that there is an inverse and significant correlation between spiritual health and death attitudes (p = 0.01); an inverse, but insignificant correlation between existential health and subscales of death attitudes, except for the subscales of approach acceptance and neutral acceptance (p > 0.05); and an inverse, but insignificant, correlation between spiritual health and death attitudes, (p > 0.05). In addition, there was an inverse and significant correlation between the presence of meaning in life and escape acceptance (p = 0.002); an inverse and significant correlation between the search for meaning in life and neutral acceptance (p = 0.007); and an inverse and significant correlation between the meaning in life and death attitudes (p = 0.04). Besides, the findings showed an inverse but insignificant correlation between all spiritual health subscales and the meaning in life subscales (p > 0.05). Spiritual health has an inverse correlation with death attitudes. Also, there is an inverse correlation between the total score of spiritual health and death attitudes. Regarding the subscales of spiritual health, there is an inverse correlation between existential health and death attitudes subscales, except for approach acceptance and neutral acceptance. Also, the results showed an inverse and significant correlation between meaning in life and death acceptance and avoidance subscales, and there was an inverse and significant correlation between the meaning in life and death attitudes. Finally, the increase in spiritual health reduces patients' risks of thinking about death. The research results double the significance of the role of nurses, especially those dealing with critically ill patients and those who have experienced severe disease conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on cannabis use patterns and health outcome indicators for Brazil are limited. We undertook a cross-sectional internet-based survey assessing socio-demographics, cannabis use frequency, other drug use, quality-of-life (QOL), affective states (i.e. anxiety and depression), and cannabis use disorder among adult respondents in Brazil. A multinomial logistic regression was conducted using cannabis frequency status as the dependent variable. A total of 6876 responders were identified as people with occasional (n = 1088), regular (n = 1062), and frequent (n = 4726) cannabis use. Groups differed greatly on sociodemographic characteristics and other drug use rates. Cannabis use disorder (p < 0.001), early-onset of cannabis use (aOR:1.71), and other substance use (aOR: from 1.53 to 2.59) were associated with a higher frequency of cannabis use. We did not find major differences in psychosocial and mental health outcomes as related to the frequency of cannabis use. Our results suggest that early initiation of cannabis, high use frequency, and using cannabis with other substances may elevate the risk for cannabis use disorder. Given the generally liberalizing trends for cannabis use, it is timely and appropriate to further study cannabis use and related outcomes in Brazil, considering that available indicators for this country are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objective: As the health services were reorganized during the COVID-19 restricting access to family caregivers, we explored the experience of women in the perinatal period, attending a specialist perinatal mental health service. Methods: Patients (n = 38) in the outpatient list for review were assessed over phone based on a predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire, comprising both quantitative (demographic, clinical variables) and qualitative open-ended questions regarding their experience of services during COVID-19. Results: The responses provided insight into how the pandemic affected the experience of pregnancy of mentally ill women and the impact of changes in perinatal mental health services. The main concerns centered around reduced support from close family members during the perinatal period due to the lockdown, anxiety regarding COVID transmission, absence of a supporting persons in antenatal clinics, difficulty accessing support from midwives, and health visitors as well as the use of virtual clinics for mental health consultations. Conclusions: The results suggested possible methods of improving perinatal mental health support during challenging times, which included ensuring in-person consultations, access to family even remotely, increasing accessibility through alternative means; providing and close monitoring of additional psychosocial support when needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: There are sex differences in the excess risk of diabetes‐associated cardiovascular disease. However, it is not clear whether these sex differences exist with regard to other complications like mental health aspects. Therefore, we investigated sex differences in the association of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with cognitive function, depression, and quality of life (QoL). Materials and Methods: In a population‐based cross‐sectional cohort study (n = 7639; age 40–75 years, 50% women, 25% T2D), we estimated sex‐specific associations, and differences therein, of prediabetes and T2D (reference: normal glucose metabolism) with measures of cognitive function, depression, and physical and mental QoL. Sex differences were analysed using multiple regression models with interaction terms. Results: In general, T2D, but not prediabetes, was associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment, major depressive disorder, and poorer QoL. The odds ratio (OR) of cognitive impairment associated with T2D was 1.29 (95% CI: 0.96–1.72) for women and 1.39 (1.10–1.75) for men. The OR of major depressive disorder associated with T2D was 1.19 (0.69–2.04) for women and 1.68 (1.02–2.75) for men. The mean difference of the physical QoL score (ranging from 0 to 100, with 100 indicating the best possible QoL) associated with T2D was −2.09 (−2.92 to −1.25) for women and −1.81 (−2.48 to −1.13) for men. The mean difference of the mental QoL score associated with T2D was −0.90 (−1.79 to −0.02) for women and −0.52 (−1.23 to 0.20) for men. There was no clear pattern of sex differences in the associations of either prediabetes or T2D with measures of cognitive function, depression, or QoL. Conclusions: In general, T2D was associated with worse cognitive function, depression, and poorer QoL. The strength of these associations was similar among women and men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Detrimental effects on health and well-being were reported during the COVID-19-induced lockdown periods in several countries, but these associations have not been studied in small-scale island societies. This study aimed to examine the lockdown period's impact on general well-being, perceived stress and activity levels in the Faroe Islands. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from two extensive population-based surveys of the general health conducted in November 2019 (the pre-COVID survey; n =2906), and four to six weeks into the first national lockdown (the lockdown survey; n =1204). Results: A larger proportion of participants in the lockdown survey versus pre-COVID survey displayed excellent/very good self-rated health (68.1% vs. 62.0%; p <0.001), and the same pattern was observed for reporting good quality of life (85.7% vs. 82.7%; p <0.05). These associations remained statistically significant in a logistic regression model after adjusting for characteristics for which varying impact of the pandemic has been shown. Indicators of health behaviour showed that larger proportions of participants kept active during the lockdown survey versus pre-COVID survey, and these differences were statistically significant for physical, mental and spiritual activities (p <0.001). On the other hand, similar stress levels in the pre-COVID/lockdown periods were observed, but stratified analysis showed that participants with a high-stress level displayed better self-rated health in the lockdown period compared to the pre-COVID period (p =0.001). Conclusions: Findings indicate that self-reported health and quality of life improved during the early phase of the COVID lockdown, and individuals reported higher activity levels associated with good mental health during the COVID-19-induced lockdown period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]