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Purpose – Informally computer scientists reported they could access free copies of research papers they needed via tools such as Google Scholar. To ascertain whether this perception came from widespread free access or from unnoticed employer-paid access, the purpose of this paper was to locate computer science papers and determine what proportion was freely available using Google Scholar. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 1,967 conference papers and periodical papers from 2003 to 2010, indexed in the ACM Guide to Computing Literature, was searched for manually in Google Scholar, using the paper or article title and the first author's surname and supplementary searches as needed. Findings – Free full-text versions were found for 52 per cent of the conference papers and 55 per cent of the periodical papers. Documents with older publication dates were more likely to be freely accessible than newer documents, with free versions found for 71 per cent of items published in 2003 and 43 per cent of items published in 2010. Research limitations/implications – Results were limited to the retrieval of known computer science publications via Google Scholar. Future research could examine whether the decline found in this study is specific to Google Scholar or reflects a decrease in the free sharing of research by computer scientists. Originality/value – Previous research for computer science found lower levels of free access than this research determined, but the decline found in this study runs contrary to increases that have been found. This research confirms many computer science papers are available for free but also that subscription holdings are necessary for complete coverage of papers in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The action required to stem the environmental and social implications of climate change depends crucially on how humankind shapes technology, economy, lifestyle and policy. With transport CO2 emissions accounting for about a quarter of the total, we examine the contribution of CO2 output by scientific travel. Thankfully for the reputation of the scientific community, CO2 emissions associated with the trips required to present a paper at a scientific conference account for just 0.003% of the yearly total. However, with CO2 emissions for a single conference trip amounting to 7% of an average individual’s total CO2 emissions, scientists should lead by example by demonstrating leadership in addressing the issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralization is a pervasive concept found across disciplines, including Economics, Political Science, and Computer Science, where it is used in distinct yet interrelated ways. Here, we develop and publicly release a general pipeline to investigate the scholarly history of the term, analysing 425 , 144 academic publications that refer to (de)centralization. We find that the fraction of papers on the topic has been exponentially increasing since the 1950s. In 2021, 1 author in 154 mentioned (de)centralization in the title or abstract of an article. Using both semantic information and citation patterns, we cluster papers in fields and characterize the knowledge flows between them. Our analysis reveals that the topic has independently emerged in the different fields, with small cross-disciplinary contamination. Moreover, we show how Blockchain has become the most influential field about 10 years ago, while Governance dominated before the 1990s. In summary, our findings provide a quantitative assessment of the evolution of a key yet elusive concept, which has undergone cycles of rise and fall within different fields. Our pipeline offers a powerful tool to analyze the evolution of any scholarly term in the academic literature, providing insights into the interplay between collective and independent discoveries in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses a certain type of competitions based on distance interaction of a participant with simulation models of concepts from discrete mathematics and computer science. One of them is the "Construct, Test, Explore" (CTE) competition, developed by the authors, the other is the Olympiad in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Informatics (DM&TI). The tasks presented in this paper are generally devoted to the concept of a graph isomorphism. Most of the tasks are verified automatically.

There is widespread debate on whether to anonymize author identities in peer review. The key argument for anonymization is to mitigate bias, whereas arguments against anonymization posit various uses of author identities in the review process. The Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science (ITCS) 2023 conference adopted a middle ground by initially anonymizing the author identities from reviewers, revealing them after the reviewer had submitted their initial reviews, and allowing the reviewer to change their review subsequently. We present an analysis of the reviews pertaining to the identification and use of author identities. Our key findings are: (I) A majority of reviewers self-report not knowing and being unable to guess the authors' identities for the papers they were reviewing. (II) After the initial submission of reviews, 7.1% of reviews changed their overall merit score and 3.8% changed their self-reported reviewer expertise. (III) There is a very weak and statistically insignificant correlation of the rank of authors' affiliations with the change in overall merit; there is a weak but statistically significant correlation with respect to change in reviewer expertise. We also conducted an anonymous survey to obtain opinions from reviewers and authors. The main findings from the 200 survey responses are: (i) A vast majority of participants favor anonymizing author identities in some form. (ii) The "middle-ground" initiative of ITCS 2023 was appreciated. (iii) Detecting conflicts of interest is a challenge that needs to be addressed if author identities are anonymized. Overall, these findings support anonymization of author identities in some form (e.g., as was done in ITCS 2023), as long as there is a robust and efficient way to check conflicts of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contributions: The underrepresentation of women in computer science (CS) majors has long been a focus of attention in many academic documents, the majority of them from the United States and Europe. There is, however, a lack of information about educational interventions (EIs) for women in computing in Latin America. The contribution of this article is to cover this gap and describe what researchers in Latin American countries have been publishing about the recruitment and retention of women in the CS field. Background: Many EIs targeting female students at different educational levels--K-12, undergraduate, and graduate--have been undertaken to increase the participation of women in computing in Latin America. However, descriptions of these activities rarely are included in international academic databases. Research Questions: This literature mapping addresses two main research questions (RQ) about the topic of women in computing in academic publications in Latin American countries: RQ1) what are the characteristics of the publications about women in computing in Latin America? and RQ2) what are the published interventions to recruit and retain women in computing in Latin America? To answer RQ1, six subquestions were created covering year, language, country of origin, document type, and professional track. Furthermore, for RQ2, two subquestions were created involving educational level and the use of software development with a female theme. Methodology: This investigation used the systematic literature mapping process. To achieve a broad coverage of papers, the following sources were included: Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, the proceedings of the Latin American Women in Computing Conference (LAWCC), and those of the Women in Technology (WIT) workshop colocated with the annual conference of the Brazilian Computer Society (SBC). The included papers were published in the last decade (2010-2020) and written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Findings: The literature mapping encompasses 197 academic documents, 48.2% of which were written in Portuguese, 28.7% in English, and 23.1% in Spanish. The papers originated from 15 of the 20 Latin American countries. Brazil and Costa Rica have the highest number of publications overall. The documents describe initiatives to increase the participation of women in computing majors that cover the entire educational spectrum, from K-12 to graduate programs, but papers targeting populations in higher education have started to appear recently.

The importance of updating, expanding and improving what is taught in cybersecurity curricula is increasing as the security threat landscape becomes more dangerous, breaches become more frequent, and the number of deployed Internet of Things (IoT) devices, known for their security challenges, grows exponentially. This paper argues that a profile of "T-shaped" skills, which is known to be desirable in many consulting and design professions, is being reflected in the latest manifestations of cybersecurity curriculum design and accreditation. A model of learning that yields "T-shaped" professionals combines the ability to apply knowledge across domains (breadth) with the ability to apply functional and disciplinary skills (depth). We present the design of a junior- or senior-level cybersecurity course in which the horizontal stroke of the "T" (representing breadth) spans knowledge areas that cut across the people, process and technology triad. The vertical stroke of the "T" (representing depth) is provided by two aspects of the course design: first, learning the foundational principles of cybersecurity, including practical examples from cryptography and network security; and second, applying the principles of cybersecurity to a semester project, allowing students to expand the core "T" of the course to satisfy their own passions and interests. Our paper concludes with student and instructor reflections on the implementation of this cybersecurity course, as well as broader implications of the lessons learned after the initial offering of this course.

In a course of the degree of computer science, the programming project has changed from individual to teamed work, tentatively in couples (pair programming). Students have full freedom to team up with minimum intervention from teachers. The analysis of the working groups made indicates that students do not tend to associate with students with a similar academic performance, perhaps because general cognitive parameters do not drive the choice of academic partners. Pair programming seems to give great results, so the efforts of future research in this field should focus precisely on how these pairs are formed, underpinning the mechanisms of human social interactions. [Paper presented at the International Conference on University Teaching and Innovation (CIDUI): Learning and Teaching Innovation Impacts (9th, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, Jul 5-7 2016.)]

Introduction: Studies have indicated that users' text highlighting behaviour can be further manipulated to improve the relevance of retrieved results. This article reports on a study that examined users' text highlight frequency, length and users' copy-paste actions. Method: A binary voting mechanism was employed to determine the weights for the feedback, which were then used to re-rank the original search results. A search engine prototype was built using the Communications of the ACM test collection, with the well-known BM25 acting as the baseline model. Analysis: The proposed enhanced model's performance was evaluated using the mean average precisions and F-score metrics, and results were compared at the top 5, 10 and 15. Additionally, comparisons were also made based on the number of terms used in a query, that is single, double and triple terms. Results: The findings show that the enhanced model significantly outperformed BM25, and the rest of the models at all document levels. To be specific, the enhanced model showed significant improvements over the frequency model. Additionally, retrieval relevance was found to be the best when the query length is two. Conclusions: Users' post-click behaviour may serve as a significant indicator of their interests, and thus can be used to improve the relevance of the retrieved results. Future studies could look into further extending this model by including other post-click behaviour such as printing or saving. [Paper presented at the Information Seeking in Context (ISIC): The Information Behaviour Conference, Part 1 (11th, Zadar, Croatia, September 20-23, 2016).]

Communicability functions quantify the flow of information between two nodes of a network. In this work, we use them to explore the concept of the influence of a paper in a citation network. These functions depend on a parameter. By varying the parameter in a continuous way we explore different definitions of influence. We study six citation networks, three from physics and three from computer science. As a benchmark, we compare our results against two frequently used measures: the number of citations of a paper and the PageRank algorithm. We show that the ranking of the articles in a network can be varied from being equivalent to the ranking obtained from the number of citations to a behaviour tending to the eigenvector centrality, these limits correspond to small and large values of the communicability-function parameter, respectively. At an intermediate value of the parameter a PageRank-like behaviour is recovered. As a test case, we apply communicability functions to two sets of articles, where at least one author of each paper was awarded a Nobel Prize for the research presented in the corresponding article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonsensical computer-generated articles, spotted years after the problem was first seen, could lead to a wave of retractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to measure the contributions of Prof. Anurag Kumar, who served as the Director at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru between August 2014 to July 2020. He has contributed 181 publications during his 36 years of career. He has published his majority of publications 171 (94.48%) in collaboration; most active collaborators with Prof. Anurag Kumar are Altman E. with (17) publications, Kuri Joy (15), Anand (14), and Singh (12). His highest Collaboration Coefficient found is 0.73 in 2013, and the highest Modified Collaboration Coefficient is 1.33 in the year 2018. The highest degree of collaboration observed for Prof. Anurag Kumar was 1.00. The highest Collaborative Index of Prof. Anurag found is 4.75 in the year 2016. His publications received 2595 citations so far, with 14.3 citations for each publication and an average citation of 72.08 per year. He has produced most of his publications in the field of computer science (45.9%). He preferred conference papers as his communication channel, where he published 100 (55.24%) papers out of 181. Prof. Anurag Kumar has contributed the highest (62) publication between 2005-2010, and he has published his first publication at the age of 30. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access Foundation Programmes are a widening-participation initiative designed to encourage engagement in higher education among underrepresented groups, including those with socioeconomic and educational disadvantage. In particular, mature students enrolled in these programmes experience greater difficulties making the transition to tertiary education, especially when they opt to study disciplines traditionally considered difficult. Computer programming is perceived as a traditionally difficult subject with typically lower pass rates and progression rates than other subjects. This paper describes the first of a three-cycle action research study examining the perceived effects of a structured Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) Programme for mature students enrolled in a computer science programming module for an Access Foundation Programme in an Irish University. The focus of this qualitative study was to evaluate the perceived effect of a PAL programme on learning and whether it offered a positive learning support structure. Findings from our study suggest that PAL programmes have an overall positive effect on subject comprehension as well as enhanced learner confidence for mature Access Foundation students. Furthermore, PAL sessions offered students a support structure that helped with their transition and acculturation to tertiary education. This study also highlights the importance the PAL leader's role has on the perceived effectiveness of the PAL sessions as well as the impact of the students' shared history on the near-peer bond. The study concludes that the implementation of PAL programmes for Access Foundation Programmes has the potential to offer mature students a supportive learning environment and to improve their learning experience.

Abstract: Image acquisition has great influence on the performance of any computer vision application. Different methods can be utilized to acquire the digital image of a paper, whilst scanning scheme is among the most attractive methods. This attractiveness is because of the fewer types of potential deformations and the low cost of the scanning devices, e.g. flatbed scanners. However, paper is commonly placed imperfectly on the scanner. This slight rotation is not usually based on a pivot around the paper''s geometrical center (the well known regular rotation) but instead it is based on a pivot placed at the corner of the paper. Thus, the result is a digital image that is deformed with an “irregular rotation”. The characteristic of this deformation phenomenon is currently unknown to computer vision scientists. In this paper we provide an extensive investigation of this deformation. In addition, a new set of equations that sway and measure the transformation is proposed. Our investigation leads to the conclusion that the “irregular rotation” phenomenon produces a shear transformation. Furthermore, the experimental results confirm the theoretical findings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study aims to examine research collaboration between universities and industry in the field of computer science using bibliometric methods. To further understand the impact of individual countries on university-industry (UI) collaboration, data were retrieved from the computer science journal papers included in the Science Citation Index and published during the period 2002--2011. The density, degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality of UI collaborative networks were calculated in order to ascertain the core countries involved in international UI collaboration. This study investigates university-industry collaborative papers (UI papers) at the global and country levels. At the global level, the results show an increasing trend in UI papers and a stable UI collaboration ratio during the last decade. The average number of authors for UI papers is 4.13, which is higher than that for all other papers. Most UI papers result from two-institution collaboration, but we observed an increase in the number of UI papers produced by multiple universities and industrial entities. At the country level, the results also show that international UI paper collaboration has intensified. Meanwhile, the USA is the dominant collaborative partner with many countries and has produced the highest number of UI papers globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with IT components that are being taught in LIS departments. Furnishes the Information Technology infrastructure/ facilities available in the departments and the lacunac in providing essential lab facilities for conducting practical sessions. The faculty members who can handlc IT based papers need essential iT facilities and training in order to rendcr quality education and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to propose an improved credit allocation method that makes the leading author of the paper more distinguishable and makes the deification more robust under malicious manipulations. We utilize a modified Sigmoid function to handle the fat-tail distributed citation counts. We also remove the target paper in calculating the contribution of co-citations. Following previous studies, we use 30 Nobel Prize-winning papers and their citation networks based on the American Physical Society (APS) and the Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) dataset to test the accuracy of our proposed method (NCCAS). In addition, we use 654,148 articles published in the field of computer science from 2000 to 2009 in the MAG dataset to validate the distinguishability and robustness of NCCAS. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, NCCAS gives the most accurate prediction of Nobel laureates. Furthermore, the leading author of the paper identified by NCCAS is more distinguishable compared with other co-authors. The results by NCCAS are also more robust to malicious manipulation. Finally, we perform ablation studies to show the contribution of different components in our methods. Due to limited ground truth on the true leading author of a work, the accuracy of NCCAS and other related methods can only be tested in Nobel Physics Prize-winning papers. NCCAS is successfully applied to a large number of publications, demonstrating its potential in analyzing the relationship between the contribution and the recognition of authors with different by-line orders. Compared with existing methods, NCCAS not only identifies the leading author of a paper more accurately, but also makes the deification more distinguishable and more robust, providing a new tool for related studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Granular computing aspects of natural computing. [•] Review of different granular soft computing research. [•] Biological motivation, design principles, application areas, open research problems and challenging issues of these models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The need for applications that are developed especially for Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) has been growing rapidly in the recent years. These applications are often a prerequisite for research and have to be evolved and maintained for considerable periods of time. However, CSE researchers have traditionally put focus on achieving better computational performance and results rather than the software’s comprehensibility, maintainability and extensibility. This paper first presents two case studies on two different CSE research projects, where common and specific problems are identified. Second we propose solutions that intend to apply software engineering methodologies and tools to improve the CSE research software development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Large language models can draft abstracts or suggest research directions, but these artificial-intelligence tools are a work in progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes global research in the field of augmented reality (22078) as indexed in Scopus database during 1992-2019, using a series of bibliometric indicators. The augmented reality (AR) research registered high 54.23% growth, averaged citation impact of 8.90 citations per paper. Nearly 1% of global output in the subject (226 papers) registered high-end citations (100+) per paper. The top 15 countries accounted for 87.05% of global publications output in the subject. The USA is in leadership position for its highest publications productivity (19.25% global share). The U.K. leads the world on relative citation index (2.05). International collaboration has been a major driver of AR research pursuits; between 11.89% and 44.04% of national share of top 15 countries in AR research appeared as international collaborative publications. AR research productivity by application types was the largest across sectors, such as education, industry and medical. Computer science has emerged as the most popular areas in AR research pursuits. Technical University of Munich, Germany and Osaka University, Japan have been the most productive organizations and Nara Institute of S&T, Japan (66.55 and 7.48) and Imperial College, London, U.K. (57.14 and 6.42) have been the most impactful organizations. M. Billinghurst and N. Navab have been the most productive authors and S. Feiner and B. MacIntyre have been the most impactful authors. IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics, Multimedia Tools & Applications and Virtual Reality topped the list of most productive journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reflects the research output of National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra (NITK), Haryana (India) during 2012 to 2021 by using data from Scopus database. The study shows the total scientific output, authors' productive counts, international collaborations, most preferred journals for publications and top subject categories of publications during ten years. The study concludes that NITK decadal scientific productivity was 5256 publications. Maximum output was marked in the year 2019; Highest Citations were recorded in the year 2021 (12624); Highest publications were contributed by the subject category Engineering (2732) followed by computer science (2392); Highest collaboration with United States in publication of research output papers (78 papers); Most productive authors of NITK was Gupta, BB (269 papers); followed by Kumar, A (143 papers). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes results of a scientometric study of "Robotics" research publications during the period of 10 years i.e. (2009-2018). The raw data was collected from leading citation database i.e. Scopus. The study examines and analysis various scientometrics parameter and after the analysis it has been found that the out of total 4325 research paper, the highest documents were published in 2018 i.e. 791 (18.29%) while the minimum 134 (3.1%) of research papers were found in the year 2009 and the annual growth rate of publications was in fluctuating trends. The maximum (1.23) relative growth rate was found in 2010; the highest doubling time (3.43) was recorded in 2018; the maximum papers were written by more than three authors i.e. 1657 research papers. The average degree of author's collaborations was (0.93). Krishna, K.M. was the most productive author with (51) research papers contribution. Out of a total 16670 citations, 2718 citations were recorded in 2010 and a total 4325 publications, 2704 (62.52%) of records were conference paper. The highest publications came from computer science subject and the highest publications were published in ACM international conference proceeding series while the maximum 2508 'Robotics keyword was used by the authors during the period of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]