Search

Are the clean intermittent catheterization (CIC)‐cgQ and the CIC‐childQ feasible and generate valid measures of success performing CIC? CIC is the primary treatment for neurogenic bladder. However, instituting CIC with children can be challenging. Currently there are no validated instruments to measure the abilities of paediatric patients and their caregivers to perform CIC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a modified version of the Intermittent Self Catheterization Questionnaire (ISC‐Q) in children with neurogenic bladder and their caregivers performing CIC. Children with spinal dysraphism, such as myelomeningocele (MMC) may face urologic challenges related to neurogenic bladder including renal compromise, recurrent urinary tract infections, and urinary incontinence due to bladder deterioration. CIC is an important intervention in the management of patients with neurogenic bladder. There are no valid tools currently available to measure the success of CIC in paediatric patients or their caregivers. A non‐experimental, psychometric research design was employed for this pilot study. Data collection was performed using online and paper surveys. The ISC‐Q was modified into two versions for use in the United States, one for caregivers of children on CIC (CIC‐cgQ) and one for paediatric patients on CIC (CIC‐childQ). A convenience sample of subjects was recruited from Spinal Differences Clinic and the local spina bifida support group. Informed consent was embedded in the invitation letter/email with survey completion indicating consent to participate. Criterion related validity was described using known group sum scores along with Cronbach's α for internal reliability. The tools were pilot tested on 15 caregivers and four children. Cronbach's alphas were.84 and.83 for the caregivers and children, respectively. Subjects identified a priori as successful with CIC scored higher than those identified as unsuccessful. The CIC‐cgQ and the CIC‐childQ are valid and reliable measures of the impact of CIC on the lives of caregivers and children. Future studies with larger sample sizes will allow further psychometric testing. This instrument gives researchers the ability to measure the impact of CIC on the lives of children and caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study applies Kuhlthau's Information Search Process stage (ISP) model to understand bilingual users' Internet search experience. We conduct a quasi‐field experiment with 30 bilingual searchers and the results suggested that the ISP model was applicable in studying searchers' information retrieval behavior in search tasks. The ISP model was applicable in studying searchers' information retrieval behavior in simple tasks. However, searchers' emotional responses differed from those of the ISP model for a complex task. By testing searchers using different search strategies, the results suggested that search engines with multilanguage search functions provide an advantage for bilingual searchers in the Internet's multilingual environment. The findings showed that when searchers used a search engine as a tool for problem solving, they might experience different feelings in each ISP stage than in searching for information for a term paper using a library. The results echo other research findings that indicate that information seeking is a multifaceted phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the role of ethnic enclaves in perceived discrimination among Arab American adolescents. Little research has investigated what specific risk and protective factors play a role in perceived discrimination within ethnic enclaves; and which of these factors may be the most salient to Arab American adolescents. The study used a phenomenological approach, using semi‐structured interviews, journals, and parent interviews to collect and triangulate the data. Member checking and peer debriefing were also used to check for validity. A 'protective' theme, described as 'living in a bubble' and two 'risk' themes described as 'cracks' (i.e., within‐group discrimination) and 'pores' (i.e., online discrimination) were identified. Although ethnic enclaves appeared to protect adolescents from out‐group discrimination, it also appeared to be porous, with risk factors, such as online discrimination, 'seeping' into the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to examine factors associated with nurses' resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data were collected in the latter half of 2020 from 904 nurses across Japan, Republic of Korea, Republic of Turkey, and the United States. The questionnaire included the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale 10, plus demographics and 20 questions about practice environment, workplace safety concerning infection control, COVID‐related experience, and organizational support. Fear of becoming infected, intention to leave nursing, and having had a positive COVID‐19 test were inversely associated with resilience (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that U.S. nurses had significantly greater resilience than nurses in the other countries examined (p < 0.001). Nurses reporting organization support and those who participated in policy and procedure development had higher resilience scores (p < 0.01). Organizational support, involving nurses in policy development, and country of practice were found to be important resilience factors in our research, which aligns with other findings. Further research is recommended to determine the optimal practice environment to support nurse resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many older adult immigrants in the US, including Hmong older adults, have limited English proficiency (LEP), and cannot read or have difficulty reading even in their first language (non-literate [NL]). Little has been done to identify feasible data collection approaches to enable inclusion of LEP or NL populations in research, limiting knowledge about their health. This study's purpose was to test the feasibility of culturally and linguistically adapted audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) with color-labeled response categories and helper assistance (ACASI-H) for collection of health data with Hmong older adults. Thirty dyads (older adult and a helper) completed an ACASI-H survey with 13 health questions and a face-to-face debriefing interview. ACASI-H survey completion was video-recorded and reviewed with participants. Video review and debriefing interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Directed and conventional content analyses were used to analyze the interviews. All respondents reported that ACASI-H survey questions were consistent with their health experience. They lacked computer experience and found ACASI-H's interface user-friendly. All used the pre-recorded Hmong oral translation except for one, whose helper provided translation. Some Hmong older adults struggled with the color labeling at first, but helpers guided them to use the colors correctly. All dyads liked the color-labeled response categories and confirmed that a helper was necessary during the survey process. Findings support use of oral survey question administration with a technologically competent helper and color-labeled response categories when engaging LEP older adults in health-related data collection. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To determine whether abstinence or relapse on a quit attempt in the previous year is associated with current depressive symptoms. Design Prospective cohort with approximately annual waves. Mixed-effect logistic regressions tested whether time 2 (T2) quitting status was associated with reporting symptoms at T2, and whether time 1 (T1) symptoms moderated this relationship. Setting Waves 5-8 of the Four-Country International Tobacco Control Study: a quasi-experimental cohort study of smokers from Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. Participants A total of 6978 smokers who participated in telephone surveys. Measurements T1 and T2 depressive symptoms in the last 4 weeks were assessed with two screening items from the PRIME-MD questionnaire. Quitting status at T2: (1) no attempt since T1; (2) attempted and relapsed; and (3) attempted and abstinent at T2. Findings Compared with no attempt, relapse was associated with reporting T2 symptoms [odds ratio (OR) = 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.33, 1.59]). Associations between T2 quitting status and T2 symptoms were moderated by T1 symptoms. Relapse was associated positively with T2 symptoms for those without T1 symptoms (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.45, 2.03) and those with T1 symptoms (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.23, 1.70). Abstinence was associated positively for those without T1 symptoms (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.71) and negatively for those with T1 symptoms (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.59, 0.94). Age moderated these associations significantly. Relapse did not predict T2 symptoms for those aged 18-39 irrespective of T1 symptoms. The negative effect of abstinence on T2 symptoms for those with T1 symptoms was significant only for those aged 18-39 (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.94) and 40-55 (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.84). The positive effect of abstinence on T2 symptoms for those without T1 symptoms was significant only for those aged more than 55 (OR =1.97, 95% CI = 1.35, 2.87). Conclusions Most people who stop smoking appear to be at no greater risk of developing symptoms of depression than if they had continued smoking. However, people aged more than 55 who stop smoking may be at greater risk of developing symptoms of depression than if they had continued smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To promote visibility of public health nurses (PHNs), this study identified public health nursing activities and explored PHN perceptions of the impact of their activities on the health of the communities they serve. Design and Sample: Two surveys with questions focusing on PHN activities were made available electronically. Following the initial survey, the second survey had more detailed questions about PHN activities, including time spent and frequency of activities as well as open‐ended questions. Sixty staff level PHNs, representing 29 states, completed the first survey; 49 completed the second survey. Measures: Demographic variables and PHN activities were analyzed by population, setting, program, intervention, essential services, and prevention level using descriptive statistics. Themes or categories were determined through a content analysis of responses to three open‐ended questions. Results: PHNs reported a wide variety of activities that included: (1) individual/family, community, and systems intervention levels, (2) primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, and (3) all 10 Public Health Essential Services. PHNs perceived they perform work that is essential for community health. Conclusion: PHNs do work that is both visible and invisible. PHNs need to be proactive in promoting all their work to increase the visibility of their contributions to population health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The purpose of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to identify Public Health Nurses' ( PHN) perceived motivators and barriers to seeking PHN board certification. Design and Sample In collaboration with the Quad Council of Public Health Nursing Organizations, PHNs from across the United States were invited to complete the PHN Certification Survey, a 14-item online questionnaire. Measures A total of 912 surveys were completed. Results PHNs were motivated to seek PHN board certification by three overarching categories: professional competence, personal satisfaction, and financial incentives. Frequently cited barriers to certification were lack of knowledge of certification opportunities, being unaware of eligibility criteria, cost, perceived lack of value/reward by employer, and preparation time. Conclusions Demonstrating a highly educated, competent, and reliable PHN workforce can only be achieved through ongoing professional development and credentialing. PH stakeholders (i.e., PHN organizations, employers, PHNs, etc.) need a strategic approach to address the main barriers to certification identified in this study (a) awareness of certification and eligibility criteria, and (b) recognition of the credential by employers. In addition, research on the relationship between PHN credentialing and population health outcomes is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to determine the reliability and validity of the translated Korean version of the incontinence-quality of life (I-QOL) in a sample of community-dwelling Korean American women with urinary incontinence in the USA. A survey design was used and a convenience sampling method of 176 Korean American women who reported having urinary incontinence symptoms was used. Translation-back translation procedures were used to translate the English version of the I-QOL into Korean version. Reliability of the Korean I-QOL questionnaire was demonstrated by Cronbach's α coefficients. Pearson's correlations of an item with its own scale and other scales were calculated to evaluate item-convergent and item-discriminant validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the underlying factor structure of the Korean version of the I-QOL. Cronbach's α coefficient for all three subscales was greater than 0·70. The results of item-convergent validity indicated that each item was strongly correlated with the originally belonged subscale. Item-discriminant validity was evidenced by all lower correlations of an item to the other subscales than that of own subscale. Three factors were extracted from I-QOL, accounting for 67·37% of the variance. The findings supported the reliability and validity of Korean version of I-QOL questionnaire. It would be considered as a valuable instrument to assess the different aspects of health-related quality of life in incontinence patients and recommended for use in clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arab immigrants in the United States are at risk for heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. We explored health-promoting lifestyle behaviors among Arab immigrants to the United States from the Middle Eastern region of the Levant. In 218 male and female Arab adults surveyed with the revised Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II), the mean for the HPLP-II was 2.73 (range 1-4), with spiritual growth and interpersonal relations the most frequently reported practices and physical activity the least frequently practiced dimension of health-promoting behaviors. Multiple linear regression analysis highlighted four determinants of health-promoting lifestyle behaviors: health insurance, acculturation, self-efficacy, and social support. Health promotion programs serving Arab immigrants should take these determinants into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Previous research has focused on physician's perspectives of end-of-life ( EOL) decision making as well as patient and family EOL decision making. There is a lack of research pertaining to the EOL treatment preferences of nurses and especially nurses working in a variety of care settings. Aim The aim of this study was to compare nurses' EOL treatment preferences in Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy and the USA. Methods A comparative descriptive design was used with a convenience sample of nurses (n = 1089). A survey questionnaire using EOL hypothetical clinical case scenarios was used to collect data between June 2011 and July 2012. Results Nurses in every country consistently chose a more aggressive option for patients than for themselves or for a parent. The treatment preferences of nurses varied from country to country. Lack of knowledge of patients' wishes and duty of care were the main influencing factors on treatment preferences. Study Limitations The study was limited to the hypothetical nature of the scenarios; however, the study highlights numerous future research questions. Conclusions This study is the first to examine and compare nurses' preferred EOL treatment choices in five countries from three different continents. The findings of this study raise several important questions for healthcare researchers, for policy development, and highlight the need for further international collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explicate the concept of cognitive dissonance as experienced and reported by nurse practitioner (NP) faculty members. Data sources: Responses from NP faculty members to an online survey about their experiences with cognitive dissonance. Conclusions: The respondents detailed their experiences with cognitive dissonance, citing differences between expectations for which they are rewarded and those for which they are paid. Implications for practice: Expecting all faculty members to excel in practice, research, teaching, and service may create unrealistic workloads for NP faculty members. Examining expectations and considering creation of a clinical track for faculty who practice may be options administrators of NP programs might explore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study identified the perceived user barriers to documentation of nursing practice utilizing standardized nursing language (SNL) in the electronic health record (EHR) by ambulatory care nurse practitioners (NPs). Data Sources: A researcher-developed survey was sent to a randomized sample of ambulatory care NPs in the United States who belonged to the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners ( n= 1997). Conclusions: Surveyed ambulatory care NPs placed a higher value on documenting medical care versus nursing care. Only 17% of respondents currently use SNL and 30% believe that SNL is not important or appropriate to document NP practice. Barriers to using SNL in EHRs included lack of reimbursement for nursing documentation, lack of time to document, and lack of availability of SNL in electronic records. Implications for Practice: Respondents identified NP practice as a blend of medical as well as nursing care but NPs have not embraced the current SNLs as a vehicle to document the nursing component of their care, particularly in EHRs. Until these barriers are addressed and discreet data in the form of SNL are available and utilized in the EHR, the impact of the NPs care will be unidentifiable for outcomes reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical Education 2012: 46: 1063-1073 CONTEXT Computer-assisted learning (CAL) in medical education has been shown to be effective in the achievement of learning outcomes, but requires the input of significant resources and development time. This study examines the key elements and processes that led to the widespread adoption of a CAL program in undergraduate medical education, the Computer-assisted Learning in Paediatrics Program (CLIPP). It then considers the relative importance of elements drawn from existing theories and models for technology adoption and other studies on CAL in medical education to inform the future development, implementation and testing of CAL programs in medical education. METHODS The study used a mixed-methods explanatory design. All paediatric clerkship directors (CDs) using CLIPP were recruited to participate in a self-administered, online questionnaire. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with a random sample of CDs to further explore the quantitative results. RESULTS Factors that facilitated adoption included CLIPP's ability to fill gaps in exposure to core clinical problems, the use of a national curriculum, development by CDs, and the meeting of CDs' desires to improve teaching and student learning. An additional facilitating factor was that little time and effort were needed to implement CLIPP within a clerkship. The quantitative findings were mostly corroborated by the qualitative findings. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates issues that are important in the consideration and future exploration of the development and implementation of CAL programs in medical education. The promise of CAL as a method of enhancing the process and outcomes of medical education, and its cost, increase the need for future CAL funders and developers to pay equal attention to the needs of potential adopters and the development process as they do to the content and tools in the CAL program. Important questions that remain on the optimal design, use and integration of CAL should be addressed in order to adequately inform future development. Support is needed for studies that address these critical areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]