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Purpose To assess the efficacy of petrolatum jelly for the prevention of diaper rash and to evaluate the relationship between the occurrence of diaper rash and certain treatments and type of nutrition. Design and Methods A randomized clinical trial was carried out with two parallel groups ( n = 213) at the neonatal care unit of Donostia University Hospital in San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa Province, Spain. Results There was a lower incidence of diaper rash in the experimental group with petrolatum jelly (17.1%) than the control group (22.2%), but the difference was not statistically significant ( p =.39). The use of antibiotics and oral 50% glucose as well as an increased number of stools are associated with a higher incidence of diaper rash, while breastfeeding and phototherapy are protective factors. Practice Implications Prevention is strengthened by a better understanding of the risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Varenicline is used in smoking cessation. The aims of the trial were to test for differences between standard 1- and 0.5-mg doses (both twice daily during 8 weeks) in (1) abstinence, (2) adherence and (3) side effects. Design Open-label randomized parallel-group controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. All those randomized were included in the final sample using an intention-to-treat (ITT) approach. Setting Stop-Smoking Clinic of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital in Seville, Spain. Participants The study comprised smokers ( n = 484), 59.5% of whom were men with a mean age of 50.67 years and a smoking history of 37.5 pack-years. Intervention and comparator Participants were randomized to 1 mg ( n = 245) versus 0.5 mg ( n = 239) and received behavioural support, which consisted of a baseline visit and six follow-ups during 1 year. Measurements The primary outcome was continuous self-reported abstinence during 1 year, with biochemical verification. The secondary outcomes were adherence and side effects. Also measured were baseline demographics, medical history and smoking characteristics. Findings Abstinence rates at 1 year were 46.5% with 1 mg versus 46.4% with 0.5 mg [odds ratio (OR) = 0.997; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.7-1.43; P = 1.0]; Bayes factor in favour of H0 = 238.507, Bayes factor against H0 = 0.004. Treatment adherence was similar in both regimens (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.8-1.7; P = 0.44). Side effects were reported in 19.3% of cases with 1 mg versus 12.1% with 0.5 mg, although with no significant differences between regimens (OR = 1.73; 95% CI = 0.94-3.18; P = 0.093). Conclusions There appears to be no difference in smoking cessation effectiveness between 1 mg and 0.5 mg varenicline, both administered twice daily for 8 weeks, with similar rates of abstinence (46.5% versus 46.4%), adherence and side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]