1,377 results
Search Results
2. BOOKS RECEIVED.
- Subjects
BOOKS ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,ECONOMICS ,SOCIAL history ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
Presents a list of several books related to anthropology. "Beyond Lines of Control: Performance and Politics on the Disputed Borders of Ladakh, India"; "Creole Economics: Caribbean Cunning Under the French Flag"; "Rethinking the Mediterranean"; "Landlords and Lodgers: Socio-Spatial Organization in an Accra Community."
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Comments on Four Papers on Economics and Human Heterogeneity.
- Author
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Rutherford, Malcolm
- Subjects
ECONOMICS ,EUGENICS ,GENETICS ,SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
These comments focus on some issues raised in the papers by Dimand, Peart and Levy, Cot, and Leonard. These papers are fascinating, but not without weaknesses. It is argued that Dimand's presentation of what he calls the “general principle” of classical economics is misconceived. There is a confusion in this paper between the classical view of equal capacity and the much newer concept of equally rational actual performance. Peart and Levy discuss the idea of unequal capacity for pleasure in Edgeworth, but do not draw a link back to the idea in J. S. Mill of different qualities of pleasure. Cot and Leonard provide informative accounts of the American eugenic movement and its links to progressivism, but with an insufficient degree of distinction between the various positions and agendas that were concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. BOOKS RECEIVED.
- Subjects
ANTHROPOLOGY ,SOCIOLOGY ,HISTORY ,HUMANITIES ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
Presents a bibliographies of books on anthropology, sociology and history.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A SERIES OF INVITED PAPERS.
- Author
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Cummings, L.L.
- Subjects
DECISION making ,CHOICE (Psychology) ,PLANNING ,SOCIAL sciences ,MATHEMATICAL models ,BEHAVIORAL scientists - Abstract
Several behavioral scientists have contributed to special issues of the "Decision Science" journal. K. MacCrimmon and J. Siu tackled the significant problem of modeling and measuring and individual decision maker's inevitable trade-offs. The authors find that the choice mode consistently exceeds the equivalence mode in its predictive accuracy. R. Duncan's paper examined possible determinants of the structure of decision units within organization. A. Delbecq studied contextual variables affecting decision making in program planning. Lastly, V. Vroom and A. Jago wrote a paper about decision making as a social process.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. POSITION PAPERS SUGGEST HISTORY.
- Author
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Brunner, Edmund DeS.
- Subjects
RURAL sociology ,SOCIOLOGISTS ,STATE universities & colleges ,EDUCATIONAL sociology ,SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIAL sciences ,EDUCATION - Abstract
This article comments on the position papers in the June 1967 issue of Rural Sociology. The author asserts that the papers are a mark of growing maturity of the rural sociology profession. It took years before the state universities and colleges assumed the dominant role of that they have achieved in the development of rural sociology. Contributions of the early sociologists to the applied field are presented to emphasize their historical value.
- Published
- 1967
7. Getting to practical: Complementarity between critical systems thinking and phronetic social science.
- Subjects
FRUSTRATION ,SYSTEMS theory ,CRITICAL thinking ,SOCIAL sciences ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,SYSTEM analysis - Abstract
Frustration among systems thinking practitioners and academics surfaces from time to time at the apparently limited real‐world influence of systems methodologies and frameworks. Critical systems thinking (CST), in particular, faces many of the challenges common to qualitative research and has the additional challenge that its principal modality is to offer ways of conceptualising. This paper argues that recent explorations of phronetic social science (PSS) provide a useful conceptual frame to discuss and enhance the value of CST. We outline some characteristics of phronetic models and how to conceive and evaluate systemically informed phronetic models. By way of illustration, the paper describes the phronetic framing of two practical tools to support collaborative practice, each built on existing systemic models. Finally, we discuss the potential value of informing PSS with insights drawn from CST, and CST with insights drawn from the emerging field of PSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. INTRODUCTION.
- Author
-
Beal, George M.
- Subjects
RURAL sociology ,SOCIOLOGISTS ,SOCIAL sciences ,WORKING papers - Abstract
Rural sociologists are concerned about the present status, the crucial issues, and the future of their group. In 1963, the Committee on the Development of Rural Sociology developed a preliminary list of major issues facing rural sociologists. With the approval of the Council, the members of the committee decided to prepare a set of working papers on some of these major issue areas. These papers would attempt to define more clearly the assumptions, dimensions, and issues, to present different points of view, and to suggest alternative definitions or positions and their probable consequences. Thus, it was hoped that the working papers would provide a structure from which more effective discussion would develop.
- Published
- 1967
9. Citation-Capture Rates for Economics Journals: Do they Differ from Other Disciplines and Does it Matter?
- Author
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Anderson, David L. and Tressler, John
- Subjects
FINANCIAL institutions ,CITATION analysis ,BUSINESS schools ,INTERDISCIPLINARY research ,SOCIAL sciences ,ECONOMIC research - Abstract
This paper compares the rate of citation-capture across the social sciences, sciences, business school disciplines and economics. It also explores differences in the rate of citation-capture between leading journals in economics and a representative science category, and between higher and lower ranked economics journals. Short-term citation counting as used in impact factors and journal ranking schemes is shown to favour sciences over social sciences. In addition, within economics, short-term impact factors are systematically biased towards lower ranked journals. Our results imply that the use of leading multidisciplinary journal rankings as a proxy for direct citations introduces an unreported bias in research assessment. Such biases are in addition to those attributable to the well-known differences in the total number of cites received by papers across various disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Exploring the scholarly communication styles of Arab social science and humanities scholars.
- Author
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Shehata, Ahmed Maher Khafaga
- Subjects
SCHOLARLY communication ,COMMUNICATION styles ,SCHOLARS ,SAUDI Arabians ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a study of scholarly communication behaviour among Arab scholars. The main objective of this study is to determine how Egyptian and Saudi Arabian social sciences and humanities scholars engage in scholarly communication practices. The study used a mixed‐methods approach. A questionnaire was answered by a sample of 104 participants, followed by interviews with 36 participants to gain insight into the scholarly communication behaviour of the Arab scholars. The analysis demonstrated that participants use different styles of scholarly communication approaches. Most of the participants do use informal (social media) channels to communicate their research findings (particularly ResearchGate and Facebook), although priority is given to formal over informal publication in peer reviewed journals. Responses showed that the promotional systems of both countries dictate publication choices of scholars, reducing the amount of collaboration by ranking co‐publications lower than sole publications and favouring printed journals over online‐only journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Response to Expanding the role of social science in conservation through an engagement with philosophy, methodology and methods.
- Author
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Ellison, Aaron, Sutherland, William J., Mukherjee, Nibedita, Rose, David C., Everard, Mark, and Geneletti, Davide
- Subjects
SOCIAL sciences ,CONSERVATION & restoration ,PHILOSOPHY ,ECOLOGY ,ACQUISITION of data - Abstract
In a previous series of papers (Sutherland, Dicks, Everard, & Geneletti,), we summarise the use of a range of social science methods in conservation decision‐making. Moon et al. () claim that the special feature risks narrowing the scope of social science research and suggest that we presented a limited perspective on the field. They thereby criticise the special feature for not doing something that it never intended to do in the first instance. We did not claim that the list of articles covered in the special feature is a comprehensive list (which it obviously is not) and we are unclear why anyone would think it is.While we consider the Moon et al. () paper to be a useful contribution for conservation scientists as a supplementary paper, it serves less as a critique to the special feature. Moon et al.('s () paper makes very few direct and substantive criticisms of points raised in the special feature. We respond to areas of contention referring specifically to research philosophy, bias, and data reporting.Moon et al. () criticise the set of papers for perpetuating an objectivist view of the world. We believe that it would be rather disconcerting for the research community if there were no social truths to discover. Rather, social science research methods conducted in specific places can be good ways of exploring how truths vary in different contexts.We also note that Moon et al. () completely missed the point we were trying to make about psychological biases, which are quite different to the issues associated with researcher bias highlighted by them.We encourage readers to pay close attention to the use of social science methods in conservation science. We reiterate, however, that the main purpose of the special feature was to ensure that social science methodologies for decision‐making are accessible for all conservation scientists to use, regardless of disciplinary background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. PAPERS.
- Subjects
SOCIAL sciences ,CHRISTIANS ,SOCIETIES - Abstract
The article presents information on several papers related to sociology. In the paper by Odulf Schaeffer, "The Mons Pietatis and the Raiffeisen Credit Union," he an interesting account of the history and structure of the co-operative credit union founded by Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen early in the nineteenth I century and of a precursor, the Mons Pietatis, the charitable loan agency promoted by Franciscans in Italian Communes beginning on the eve of the Reformation. The essay concludes with a useful bibliographical note. He emphasizes correctly that the rapacious Italian usurers of the fifteenth century were both Christians — actually, Catholics — and Jews, but by an inadvertence loses sight of this and reproduces uncritically remarks of men of the time who had sought to blame "Jewish financial magnates." In the paper "Sociology in the Contemporary World of Today and Tomorrow," by Howard W. Odum, he indicates the ways in which science can contribute toward the understanding, the direction and the planning of modern society.
- Published
- 1943
13. Selected Papers. Volume I: Institutions, Innovations, and Human Values; Volume II: Poverty, Population, and Natural Resources.
- Author
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G. McN.
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL sciences , *NONFICTION - Abstract
A review of the book "Selected Papers," by Partha Dasgupta is presented in two volumes, volume 1: "Institutions, Innovations and Human Values," and volume 2: "Poverty, Population, and Natural Resources."
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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14. Instructions to Authors and Publication Policies.
- Subjects
MEDICAL journalism ,AUTHORS ,MANUSCRIPTS ,SOCIAL sciences ,MEDICAL care ,ONLINE information services ,TRANSMISSION of texts ,PUBLISHING - Abstract
The article features the 'Milbank Quarterly" for scholarly analysis of important issues in health and health care policy. The contributions of the issue is published from many disciplines which includes history, law, medicine, epidemiology, bioethics, and full array of social science and health services research disciplines. The manuscript submissions are sent electronically to quarterly@milbank.org and editor Bradford H. Gray will make an initial determination about the suitability of the manuscript.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The Game Academics Play: Comment.
- Author
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Goel, Rajeev K.
- Subjects
PERIODICALS ,RESEARCH ,ECONOMICS ,SOCIAL sciences ,EQUILIBRIUM - Abstract
A recent paper by Faria ( Bulletin of Economic Research, 57 (2005), pp. 1–12) deals with the interplay between editors and authors. This research is a welcome addition to the literature on formal analyses of academic markets. This note points out a potential discrepancy in Faria's derivation of the equilibrium journal quality and clarifies the conditions under which journal quality responds to changes in editor's impatience and in author's impatience. Specifically, the effect of a change in author's impatience on journal quality is shown to be not unambiguous. Some implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Understanding and improving the usefulness of conceptual systems: An Integrative Propositional Analysis‐based perspective on levels of structure and emergence.
- Author
-
Wallis, Steven E.
- Subjects
MEDICAL quality control ,MATHEMATICAL models ,PSYCHOLOGY ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,MEDICAL care ,SOCIAL sciences ,MEDICAL care research ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,THEORY ,ATTRIBUTION (Social psychology) ,TERMS & phrases ,ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) - Abstract
Terms like 'levels' and 'nested' are used to describe relationships between components of conceptual systems (theories, models etc.). However, they have not been fully explored. This paper investigates levels to better understand how theories are structured and so how we may develop more useful theories and models to better support more effective practice. We find a horizontal dimension (represented by causal connections between concepts at one ontological level) and a vertical dimension (represented by connections of emergence between concepts of differing ontological levels). This view of emergence offers a new way to structurally distinguish between conceptual components of a theory, thus supporting a new approach to building theories that better reflects our systemic world. A third, perspectival, approach may be applied to aid in the understanding of both dimensions. A typology is proposed as are conventions for diagramming theories and new criteria for improving the structure of theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Disseminating Scholarly Output: The Case for Eliminating the Exclusivity of Journal Submissions.
- Author
-
Szenberg, Michael
- Subjects
SCHOLARLY publishing ,SOCIAL sciences ,WAGE increases ,SCHOLARLY periodicals ,MANUSCRIPT editing ,COMMUNITIES - Abstract
The article examines the practice of scholarly journal editors of demanding exclusive review of manuscripts sent to them. Scholarly journals are the mainstays of scientific communication, and publication in them by academicians is the primary route to promotion, tenure, salary increases, recognition and mobility. The scrutiny and assessment of the publication process is therefore of vital concern to the scientific community. This paper will examine what, in the author's view, is currently the most vexatious problem that arises out of the interdependent, complex, and unequal relationship between scholar and journal editor that of exclusive review. In the 1960s, Derek Price, an eminent student of the scientific community, estimated that the number of scientists and scientific papers in all fields and in all countries doubles about every ten years.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
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18. Radcliffe-Brown's Contributions to the Study of Social Organization.
- Author
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Fortes, Meyer
- Subjects
SOCIAL structure ,SOCIAL sciences ,ETHNOLOGY ,GENERATIONS - Abstract
This article focuses on the contributions of professor A. R. Radcliffe-Brown to the study of social organization. What Radcliffe-Brown did was to distinguish between the search for historical and evolutionary origins, the preoccupation of ethnology, and the study of the laws of custom and social organization, the province of social anthropology. Those social scientists other than anthropologists who know Radcliffe-Brown's work, tend to pay attention only to his methodological articles. But the vital theoretical contribution lies in his ethnographically centered papers. It is in them that Radcliffe-Brown's adherence to the view that there are laws of social life which can be established by systematic and empirical investigation, is brilliantly justified. These papers are mainly concerned with problems of social organization, or as Radcliffe-Brown now prefers to call it, social structure. Radcliffe-Brown shows that the merging or identification of alternate generations fits in with the widespread concept of the completion of the cycle of the generations in three successive steps, and with the contrasting roles of grandparent and parent in family systems. It is ethnography based on a theoretical discipline, the discipline of structural analysis as first given shape by Radcliffe-Brown.
- Published
- 1955
- Full Text
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19. A Note on Accounting Theory Construction and Verification.
- Author
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Schrader, William J. and Malcolm, Robert E.
- Subjects
ACCOUNTING ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,PHYSICAL sciences ,SOCIAL sciences ,BUSINESS - Abstract
This article evaluates studies on accounting theory, conducted by a committee of the American Accounting Association in 1973. The most striking feature of the papers is their similarity. They are essentially two versions of the same work. Both preliminary papers consist of two principal sections: the nature of theories in the physical and social sciences; and the classes of accounting theories, as the authors are able to distinguish them. All of the papers survey pertinent works by mathematicians, philosophers and scientists, and conclude that accounting qualifies as an empirical discipline.
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The first comprehensive Chinese university journal published in English: the Tsing Hua Journal.
- Author
-
Zhang Li, Yao Yuan, Zhang Fenglia, and Du Wentao
- Subjects
PERIODICALS ,SOCIAL sciences ,NATURAL history ,SCIENCE publishing ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
The Tsing Hua Journal sponsored by Tsing Hua University is investigated by reading, comparing, and analysing original literature about it. It is concluded that it was the first English-language journal of natural science and social science published by a Chinese university. The early establishment of an editorial department, of exchange with European and American journals, and of its inclusion of abstracts of foreign papers, demonstrate its international aims. Through its parallel Chinese- and English-language versions it aimed to achieve an exchange of knowledge between China and the West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Replication of the results in ‘learning about heterogeneity in returns to schooling’.
- Author
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Chan, Joshua C. C.
- Subjects
EDUCATION ,MATHEMATICAL models ,HETEROGENEITY ,SOCIAL sciences ,LITERATURE ,ECONOMETRICS - Abstract
A recent article (Koop and Tobias,
2004 ) proposes a direct way to characterize the extent of heterogeneity in returns to education. They investigate the adequacy of several competing models and conclude that returns to schooling are heterogeneous and are best modelled as a bivariate normal distribution. The results of this replication paper basically agree with the authors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Addressing public health and security challenges with system dynamics.
- Author
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Lane, David C. and Duggan, Jim
- Subjects
AUTHORSHIP ,MEDICAL care research ,PSYCHOLOGY ,PUBLIC health ,PUBLISHING ,SERIAL publications ,SOCIAL sciences ,SYSTEM analysis ,ADULT education workshops ,DATA security ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
An introduction to the journal's special issue is presented in which the guest editors discuss the use of the system dynamics approach (SD).
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Comparison of techniques for eliciting views and judgements in decision‐making.
- Author
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Mukherjee, Nibedita, Zabala, Aiora, Huge, Jean, Nyumba, Tobias Ochieng, Adem Esmail, Blal, and Sutherland, William J.
- Subjects
SOCIAL sciences ,DECISION making ,METHODOLOGY ,STAKEHOLDERS ,Q technique - Abstract
Abstract: Decision‐making is a complex process that typically includes a series of stages: identifying the issue, considering possible options, making judgements and then making a decision by combining information and values. The current status quo relies heavily on the informational aspect of decision‐making with little or no emphasis on the value positions that affect decisions. There is increasing realization of the importance of adopting rigorous methods for each stage such that the information, views and judgements of stakeholders and experts are used in a systematic and repeatable manner. Though there are several methodological textbooks which discuss a plethora of social science techniques, it is hard to judge the suitability of any given technique for a given decision problem. In decision‐making, the three critical aspects are “what” decision is to be made, “who” makes the decisions and “how” the decisions are made. The methods covered in this paper focus on “how” decisions can be made. We compare six techniques: Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Interviews, Q methodology, Multi‐criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), Nominal Group Technique and the Delphi technique specifically in the context of biodiversity conservation. All of these techniques (with the exception of MCDA) help in understanding human values and the underlying perspectives which shape decisions. Based on structured reviews of 423 papers covering all six methods, we compare the conceptual and logistical characteristics of the methods, and map their suitability for the different stages of the decision‐making process. While interviews and FGD are well‐known, techniques such the Nominal Group technique and Q methodology are relatively under‐used. In situations where conflict is high, we recommend using the Q methodology and Delphi technique to elicit judgements. Where conflict is low, and a consensus is needed urgently, the Nominal Group technique may be more suitable. We present a nuanced synthesis of methods aimed at users. The comparison of the different techniques might be useful for project managers, academics or practitioners in the planning phases of their projects and help in making better informed methodological choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The future is humanistic: Infusing compassion in the systems thinking world—Circles, dialogue and RoundTables as levers for individual and community emancipation.
- Author
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Jacobs, Marty, Arora, Namrata, and Gabriele, Sue
- Subjects
ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,COMPASSION ,SOCIAL sciences ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,SYSTEM analysis ,EPIDEMICS ,INTERNATIONAL agencies ,CORPORATE culture - Abstract
In this age of isolation, exacerbated by an increased number of natural disasters and their associated impact, we are faced with a deepening poverty of social connections and a high degree of polarisation on multiple counts. Designed for contexts ranging from workplaces to spiritual discourse, more and more instances of intentional conversations are surfacing across the world. It is only when we are able to appreciate the view of 'another', that we are truly able to step beyond the boundary of the self. In this paper, we explore a practitioner's perspective on three formats of gathering that are currently practiced at the International Society for the Systems Sciences. Using social and humanistic values, we outline how these three simple yet powerful techniques embody inclusivity, with the intention of inspiring its readers to consider hosting alternate forms of meetings in academic and organisational settings, thus creating grounds for compassionate understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Editorial.
- Author
-
Nemiche, Mohamed and Essaaidi, Mohamed
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY ,SERIAL publications ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
An editorial is presented on fourth World Conference on Complex Systems (WCCS) on April 22–25 in Ouarzazate, Morocco.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Editors’ report 2004.
- Author
-
Bradshaw, Mike
- Subjects
PERIODICALS ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
Presents an introduction to the March 2005 issue of the journal "Area."
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Toward a theory of multifunctional liberalism: Systems‐theoretical reflections on the nature of statehood.
- Author
-
Roth, Steffen and Valentinov, Vladislav
- Subjects
PRACTICAL politics -- Law & legislation ,HUMAN rights ,SOCIAL change ,SOCIAL theory ,SYSTEMS theory ,SOCIAL sciences ,DECISION making ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) - Abstract
As neoliberalism is sinking into disrepute, states are responding to current crises by inroads on basic rights. This constellation adds urgency to the timeworn subject of statehood and its relationship to law and liberty. The paper addresses this subject by enhancing the neoliberal concept of an encased economy with James Coleman's concept of law as indicator of social change and Niklas Luhmann's functional differentiation. The resulting multifunctional liberalism associates liberties and rights with the autonomy of function systems—such as politics, economy or law—and envisions an ecosystem of multifunctional organizations able to navigate the full spectrum of functional differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Accounting History: Definition and Relevance.
- Author
-
Previts, Gary John, Parker, Lee D., and Coffman, Edward N.
- Subjects
HISTORY of accounting ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
This paper defines and relates contemporary applications of accounting history and is intended to assist scholars who do not specialize in historical study. A definitional distinction is drawn between history as a social science, with an emphasis on interpretation, criticism, and method, and history as a descriptive narrative form. Arguments are presented for the relevance of published accounting history studies to accounting pedagogy, policy and practice. The inherent limitations of historical inquiry are also explored. An appendix provides information on accounting history organizations, publications, and activities worldwide. A related paper which develops an accounting historiography will appear in a later issue of this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. NEWS NOTES.
- Subjects
RURAL sociology ,ANNUAL meetings ,ADULT education workshops ,SOCIAL sciences ,MEDICAL care ,RURAL health services - Abstract
The article presents information related to upcoming events on rural sociology. The Program Committee for the Rural Sociological Society announces a call for papers for the annual meeting to be held in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, from August 25-27, 1972. Submission of papers is required by April 1, 1972. Abstract and text should be sent to Rabel J. Burdge, Program Chairman, Department of Sociology. University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506. A series of workshops is planned on topics of current interests to encourage more active participation in the program. This years program will reduce the number of formal presentations. Papers will be made available for distribution prior to the meeting. Graduate students are asked to submit papers to any session. Sessions organized by graduate students will review papers from all sources. The other information is that J.L. Charlton has directed a study now published by the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. The co-author, Joseph F. Singer, also used the data for a Ph.D. disseration in economics, Charlton is currently directing a study of factors affecting the use of medical services in three subregions of Arkansas.
- Published
- 1972
30. Innovation and optimization in nature and design.
- Author
-
Rousseau, David
- Subjects
ART ,BUSINESS ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,CREATIVE ability ,LIFE sciences ,ORGANIZATIONAL change ,PSYCHOLOGY ,SELF-efficacy ,SERIAL publications ,SOCIAL sciences ,SYSTEM analysis ,SYSTEMS design ,SYSTEMS theory ,HIERARCHY of needs theory (Psychology) ,NATIONAL competency-based educational tests - Abstract
An introduction to articles in the issue is presented on topics including the need for systems science to overcome its fragmented condition and to deepen its scientific foundations, phenomenological foundations of systems engineering and systems science, and principles from humanities that have relevance for thinking about systems.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Systems everywhere?
- Author
-
Vanderstraeten, Raf
- Subjects
SOCIAL sciences ,SYSTEMS theory - Abstract
Ludwig von Bertalanffy built his hopes for system theory on the growing visibility of systems in the world. The first introductory section of the 1968 edition of General System Theory is titled "Systems Everywhere." Half a century later, system theory has fallen into disrepute in several fields of study. It is targeted for its technocratic and governmental ambitions; it is depicted as an attempt to understand and reshape the world according to the system image of the world. This paper sketches how the social world has been analysed as a system—with a focus on hierarchy, predictability, and control. It proceeds to show how Von Bertalanffy's emphasis on the distinction between system and environment allows for the analysis of heterogeneity, indeterminacy, and uncontrollability. This paper thus makes a plea for a reflexive theory that focuses on problems that emerge despite the fact that our society imagines itself as a system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Public involvement in health and social sciences research: A concept analysis.
- Author
-
Hughes, Mel and Duffy, Catherine
- Subjects
CINAHL database ,CONCEPTS ,NURSING databases ,MEDICAL research ,SOCIAL case work ,SOCIAL sciences ,SOCIAL work research ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,PSYCHOLOGY of human research subjects - Abstract
Background: Research funding bodies have significantly increased emphasis on the need for public involvement in research with the requirement to evidence effective methods and approaches to achieving this. Specific definitions and approaches within published research remain tokenistic and vague. Objective: The concept analysis explores and clarifies the nature and meaning of public involvement in health and social sciences research and identifies operational definitions which can be used to guide, develop and evaluate public involvement in research activity. Search strategy: A literature search was conducted using online databases. Systematic literature reviews and broader studies on the impact of PPI were included as was grey literature such as guidance from INVOLVE and research funding bodies. Limits were set to papers published in the last 10 years and in the English language. A concept analysis framework adapted from Rodgers (Concept Development in Nursing: Foundations, Techniques and Applications. London, UK: Saunders; 2000) and Walker and Avant (Strategies for Theory construction in Nursing. Boston, MA: Pearson Prentice Hall; 2005) was applied. Main results: Five operational definitions were developed from the concept analysis: undefined involvement; targeted consultation; embedded consultation; co‐production; and user‐led research. Typical examples of each approach were identified from the literature. Defining attributes included having clear and agreed meaning and purpose for any involvement; reciprocal relationships; and value and recognition of the expertise of all those involved. Conclusions: The authors argue the need for researchers to more explicitly incorporate and evaluate details of approaches used. Impact of public involvement on a research study should be identified when reporting on findings to prevent tokenistic practices where involvement is viewed as secondary to the core research process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Discussion of An Assessment of Laboratory Experiments in Accounting.
- Author
-
HOGARTH, ROBIN M.
- Subjects
ACCOUNTING ,RESEARCH methodology ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
The article presents a critique of the study "An Assessment of Laboratory Experiments in Accounting," by Robert J. Swieringa and Karl E. Weick that appears in the 1982 supplement issue of this journal. The author examines Swieringa and Weick's paper by calling attention to the issue of why anyone would want to use laboratory experiments in accounting research and also provides five other answers to this question. The author looks to the social sciences and the author L. J. Cronbach to make the point that accounting research that is carried out through laboratory experimentation may tend to generalize data.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. A Citation Analysis of the Accounting Information Network.
- Author
-
MCRAE, THOMAS W.
- Subjects
ACCOUNTING ,INFORMATION networks ,PERIODICALS ,SOCIAL sciences ,MANAGERIAL accounting ,KNOWLEDGE management - Abstract
The article examines the flow of messages between the accounting system and other knowledge systems, in particular the information flow between the academic and applied accounting networks. The accounting knowledge system falls within the social science knowledge system and is made up of three subsystems: an academic, a management accounting, and a professional system. This paper is based on the analysis of citations in seventeen accounting journals for the period January 1968 to December 1969. Accounting lies within the social science knowledge system. In this study, the number of messages passed to accounting from the other social sciences and the number of messages passed to accounting from nonsocial science knowledge systems is recorded with a column tabulating the proportion of messages transmitted to accounting from other knowledge systems. The proportion of messages passed to accounting from the other social sciences is similar to the proportion passed to sociology and politics and is greater than the proportion of messages passed to psychology and economics.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Does health care for systemic development?
- Author
-
Sheffield, James
- Subjects
MEDICAL care ,KNOWLEDGE management ,MEDICAL informatics ,SOCIAL ecology ,SOCIAL sciences ,INFORMATION services management ,INTELLECTUAL capital ,INFORMATION science ,COMPUTERS in medicine - Abstract
The paper critically evaluates systems approaches to knowledge management to identify if health care professionals value systemic development. Research in knowledge management and health informatics is reviewed to see if multiple systems perspectives exist, and if and how concepts from multiple systems perspectives are integrated, or ‘swept in’ to a complex whole. The first finding is that knowledge management strategies in health do ‘sweep in’ insights from three systems perspectives: personal learning (knowledge creation); communities of practice (knowledge normalization) and the exercise of technical expertise and technology (knowledge application). The second finding is that health knowledge management has an architecture that does promote systemic development. An empirical case example of systemic intervention by an executive team is discussed in terms of micro evolution in social ecology. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Reflexivity in social systems: the theories of George Soros.
- Author
-
Umpleby, Stuart
- Subjects
CYBERNETICS ,CONTROL theory (Engineering) ,ELECTRONICS ,ECONOMICS ,SOCIAL sciences ,COMPARATIVE advantage (International trade) - Abstract
George Soros's reflexivity theory is quite compatible with second order cybernetics. Indeed his work shows how to apply ideas in second order cybernetics to economics, finance and political science. This paper briefly reviews three theories of reflexivity in cybernetics. It provides an introduction to Soros's version of reflexivity theory and reviews applications in economics and finance. Soros's approach to economics is based on different assumptions about information and about human behaviour. His approach to finance is more holistic than most current work in finance. He does not emphasize mathematical models but rather sees finance as a human player game with himself as a participant. The paper concludes that Soros's work is a very important contribution to and expansion of contemporary social science. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Lessons learned from unsuccessful modelling interventions.
- Author
-
Eskinasi, Martijn and Fokkema, Eppie
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY ,HUMAN biology ,SOCIAL sciences ,STRATEGIC planning ,BUSINESS planning - Abstract
This paper reports several related failures of modelling interventions. Atrivé, an organizational consulting company, set out to adapt a canonical housing association model named ITS to the specific circumstances of its clients. The ITS adaptation process, however, demonstrated rather annoying dynamics and finally had to be terminated due to negative business results. This paper provides a background on the relevance of failure case studies and ventures into the symptoms and warning signs. We reflect on a systems thinking intervention within Atrivé to learn from these experiences and improve business strategy. The problems encountered correspond to several archetypes. We end this paper by summarizing several known and one possibly new factor in explaining failure of modelling projects and pose several questions for further research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Flexible study processes in ‘knotty’ system dynamics projects.
- Author
-
Winch, Graham and Derrick, Sonja
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY ,PHYSICIANS ,MEDICAL personnel ,SOCIAL sciences ,RESEARCH - Abstract
System dynamics is generally selected as an analytical approach because it is believed to be particularly good with complex issues both in terms of the core model and the environment. The SD literature devotes considerable space to study and intervention processes, often suggesting general models, protocols or procedures that have worked in specific applications or a range of similar applications. This paper describes an ongoing project in which a complex system operates within a complex and fast-changing environment with major and overlapping organizational changes, a wide and diverse set of stakeholders and difficult national political agendas. The project concerns the nature of ‘quality and effective training’ for junior doctors in the UK against the backdrop of major changes in working hours and conditions driven by national safety concerns and the overarching requirements of the EU Working Time Directive. Early models are already yielding valuable insights for those at a large teaching hospital wrestling with the seemingly impossible task of maintaining levels and quality of both doctor training and service to patients. However, the study is also highlighting that in such high-complexity the study process itself can be problematic. This paper considers the issues raised and relates them to the literature on model-based interventions and concludes that flexible and adaptive processes are needed to effectively manage such ‘knotty’ projects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Editorial.
- Author
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Viles, Heather A.
- Subjects
PHYSICAL geography ,ENVIRONMENTAL geography ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
Editorial. Recounts the tasks and responsibilities of the co-editor of the physical and environmental geography periodical 'Area.' Differences in writing style and expectations of publishing; Journal's mission statement; Other journals on earth and environmental science.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. National Threat and Political Culture: Authoritarianism, Antiauthoritarianism, and the September 11 Attacks.
- Author
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Perrin, Andrew J.
- Subjects
AUTHORITARIANISM ,SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 ,POLITICAL culture ,POLITICAL psychology ,SOCIAL psychology ,POLITICAL sociology ,POLITICAL science ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
This paper uses published letters to the editor of major U.S. newspapers to investigate the cultural effects of a major national threat: the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. It is based on a hand-coded, stratified random sample of 1,100 letters to the editor published in 17 major papers in the United States (544 pre-September 11, 556 post-September 11). The letters are drawn from a population of 8,101 published letters. Degrees of both authoritarianism and antiauthoritarianism, as well as the general salience of questions of authoritarianism, rose significantly in the post-attack period. The paper suggests that, instead of a simple threat-authoritarianism causal link, authoritarianism and antiauthoritarianism are paired elements of political culture that are invoked together in the face of a national threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A short history of the .eld of regional science.
- Author
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Boyce, David
- Subjects
SOCIAL sciences ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. - Abstract
The Regional Science Association was founded 50 years ago in December 1954; however,the institutional origins of the field were much earlier, perhaps when Walter Isard began his graduate studies in economics at Harvard University. This article briefly traces the history of the field of regional science and its association from those beginnings to the present. The focus of the article is the evolution of the association as an institution, and some of its major contributors, and to a much lesser extent, on the scope and scholarly content of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Commentary on “The Quest for Meaning in Public Choice” by Elinor Ostrom and Vincent Ostrom.
- Author
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Michael C., Munger
- Subjects
SOCIAL choice ,SOCIAL psychology ,CHOICE (Psychology) ,DECISION making ,BIOLOGICAL evolution ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
The Ostroms have created a paper that goes to the very heart of the public choice enterprise. They suggest that we should conceive of the evolution of constitutional procedures and laws in analogy with biological evolution. One of the paper's central goals is to establish the logical foundations of political order. I take this goal seriously and compare explicitly the task of explaining order in biology and politics. In the case of biology, the task of evolutionary theory has been to give an account of why there are complex arrangements of genetic material called “organisms” (including humans, giraffes, and whales) rather than just a nutrient-rich primordial ooze with no apparent structure. For the social scientist, the task is to explain why there are rules, structure, and stability in societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. EXTENDING THE GLOBAL ACADEMIC TABLE: AN INTRODUCTION.
- Author
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Hastings, Thomas John
- Subjects
SCIENCE & the humanities ,SOCIAL sciences ,SOCIAL norms ,EAST Asian civilization ,RESEARCH universities & colleges - Abstract
Before commenting on the papers from a recent interdisciplinary gathering of scholars from China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, a case is made for regional academia conversations today, because international conferences, especially in the humanities and social sciences, are still dominated by 'Western' traditions, discourse, and protocols. After touching on the relative stability or variability of phenomena and procedures in the natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences, political and cultural questions are considered along with some of the ongoing consequences of the East Asian adoption of the European model of the modern research university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Preface.
- Author
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Batey, Peter
- Subjects
ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,PERIODICALS ,ANNIVERSARIES ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
Reports on the plans of the Regional Science Association in the U.S. to organize a year-long celebration for its 50th anniversary in 2004. Focus of the conference sessions being planned by the association; Advantage of the journal "Papers in Regional Science" over other regional science journals; Topics included in the golden anniversary issue of the journal.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Exploring the genealogy of systems thinking.
- Author
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Hammond, Debora
- Subjects
SOCIAL history ,SOCIAL systems ,SYSTEMS theory ,SOCIAL sciences ,THOUGHT & thinking - Abstract
As a plenary address at the 2001 Annual Conference of the International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS), this paper was intended to initiate an interactive exploration into the roots of systems thinking. Beginning with a summary of the key influences in the development of the author's own understanding of systems, the paper continues with an overview of developments in the broad variety of disciplinary fields that contributed to the elaboration of systems concepts. Following these introductory reflections, the paper provides a brief discussion of the primary concerns of the original founders of the ISSS (Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Kenneth Boulding, Ralph Gerard, James G. Miller and Anatol Rapoport). Those who attended the conference were then asked to consider the evolution of their own understanding of the meaning and significance of systems thinking by responding to the following questions: (1) Through what academic discipline or occupational field were you originally introduced to systems ideas? (2) Which systems thinkers have been most influential in the evolution of your own thinking about systems? (3) What kinds of questions motivated your interest in systems? (4) What kinds of problems were you seeking to address? (5) Has your concern with systems ideas been primarily theoretical or practical? A brief summary of answers to these questions is included in the concluding remarks. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Can systems thinking be an antidote to extensive evil?
- Author
-
Richardson, George P.
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY ,SOCIAL sciences ,QUALITATIVE research ,SYSTEM analysis ,CIVIL rights ,POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
The 20th century saw at least five regions of the world that gave themselves over to unspeakably evil regimes, each resulting in totalitarian dictatorships responsible for horrific suffering and deaths of millions of people. As part of a group of authors involved in various ways in the study of civil society and the common good, this author was invited to address what systems thinking could contribute to understandings of the emergence of such extensive evil. This article develops a qualitative model crafted to capture the generic structure and dynamics of the emergence of extensive evil in a society. Focusing on crucial stocks and flows and feedback loops, the map reveals eight areas where a healthy society may be vulnerable to the spread of such evil, with corresponding areas of resistance pushing back on its apparent inevitability. The paper concludes with reflections on values in systems thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Introduction to Applied Ontology: The Philosophical Analyses of Everyday Objects.
- Author
-
Koepsell, David R.
- Subjects
ONTOLOGY ,MEETINGS ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
The effort to categorize nature dates at least to Aristotle and is still ongoing. The study of categories is termed "ontology"-a field Whose use in the philosophy' of social science has most recently been revived. Last April 1998, the State University of New York at Buffalo hosted a conference on "Applied Ontology: A Marvin Farber Conference in Law and Institutions in Society." The following papers were selected from the group of papers presented at the conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
48. Contributing factors to long‐term citation count in marine and freshwater biology articles.
- Author
-
Nash, Joshua R., Araújo, Rafael J., and Shideler, Geoffrey S.
- Subjects
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations ,FRESHWATER biology ,MARINE biology ,PUBLISHED articles ,PUBLISHING ,HUMANITIES ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
Researchers have investigated factors thought to affect the total number of citations in various academic disciplines, and some general trends have emerged. However, there are still limited data for many fields, including aquatic sciences. Using papers published in 2003–2005 (n = 785), we investigated marine and freshwater biology articles to identify factors that may contribute to the probability of citation and for cumulative citation counts over 10 years. We found no relationships with probability of citation; however, we found evidence that for those that were cited at least once, cumulative citations were related to several factors. Articles cited by books received more citations than those never cited by books, which we hypothesized to be indicative of the impact an article may have in the field. We also found that articles first cited within 2 years of publication received more cumulative citations than those first cited after 2 years. We found no evidence that self‐citation (as the first citation) had a significant effect on total citations. Our findings were compared with previous studies in other disciplines, and it was found that aquatic science citation patterns are comparable to fields in science and technology but less so to humanities and social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Open access publications in sciences and social sciences: A comparative analysis.
- Author
-
Liu, Weishu and Li, Yanchao
- Subjects
OPEN access publishing ,SOCIAL sciences ,SCIENCE publishing ,COMPARATIVE studies ,LANGUAGE & languages - Abstract
In this paper, we conduct a comparative analysis to examine the characteristics and evolutionary trends of open access (OA) publications in natural and social sciences. We use data recorded by Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Journal Citation Reports during 2001–2015 as the main source. We then comparatively analyse the characteristics of natural and social sciences in terms of historical evolution, main contributors, and distribution of OA journals and publications across different languages, disciplines, and impact factor quartiles. Our results suggest that both natural and social sciences experienced dramatic growth of OA journals since 2009, but the share of social science OA journals within journal impact factor quartile 1 is much lower than that of natural sciences. While natural and social sciences share some similarities in OA publishing activities, such as main countries of contribution, they differ greatly in dimensions such as OA ratio across specific disciplines, countries, and publishing languages. We acknowledge that OA publishing offers a level playing field for traditionally disadvantaged languages, countries, and scientific disciplines, but meanwhile, the advancement of high‐quality OA publishing needs more targeted and sophisticated approaches to tackle differences in natural and social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. FIVE PAPERS ON CURRENT ISSUES IN RURAL SOCIOLOGY.
- Author
-
Warner, W. Keith
- Subjects
MEETINGS ,SOCIAL sciences ,SOCIOLOGY ,RURAL sociology ,RURAL social services - Abstract
The article focuses on the annual meeting of the Rural Sociological society. This is not a new experience, but some of the changes that are taking place in rural sociology programs and in society indicate that the need for discussion is not yet satisfied. This is also one way of reaching the many members, subscribers, and readers who axe unable to attend the Society meetings, and of including them in the circle of discourse. Accordingly, few persons from various sections of the country and one to represent a view of rural sociology as it exists outside the U. S. to offer some of their views on important issues in the future of rural sociology were invited. They were asked to respond briefly and quickly enough for the papers to be presented in the June issue before the 1969 meeting.
- Published
- 1969
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