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Nationalization was particularly important in the early 1930s in Germany. The state took over a large industrial concern, large commercial banks, and other minor firms. In the mid-1930s, the Nazi regime transferred public ownership to the private sector. In doing so, they went against the mainstream trends in western capitalistic countries, none of which systematically reprivatized firms during the 1930s. Privatization was used as a political tool to enhance support for the government and for the Nazi Party. In addition, growing financial restrictions because of the cost of the rearmament programme provided additional motivations for privatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This article examines the notion of the family and within its postmodern definition the research undertaken in the field of domestic violence and its consequences for criminal justice agencies in the United Kingdom and Germany. Has the notion of the family changed in Western culture? How has legislation changed regarding domestic violence in line with criminologists' and social scientists' hypotheses, reflections, and recommendations? How are victims and witnesses protected from perpetrators? Methods. The authors discuss how legislation in both countries has changed to meet the needs of victims and witnesses of domestic violence. The article looks at different forms of law enforcement in domestic violence and how the agencies assess future dangerousness. Results. Research analyses show that domestic violence is now taken seriously in both countries' legislation. But what is the impact on policing domestic violence in both countries? It is argued that U.K. law enforcement agencies are more advanced that the German police in dealing with domestic violence in a practical and pragmatic fashion. Conclusions. The authors explore the shift in cultural beliefs affecting male dominance in the family setting, how public attitudes to domestic violence have changed, and how law enforcement agencies are now dealing with violence within the family in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the American Cash and Counseling demonstration for disabled people and compares it to the programs implemented by other countries. An overview of long term care programs implemented by countries including the Netherlands, England and Germany is presented. The variations across the countries in participation rates seems to depend more on labor market conditions and how governments choose to structure the program.

This article discusses the new educational reforms in Germany. The most important question in the recent political debate in Germany is that of educational reforms. German higher education system has been in crisis from a long time and international competition and financial pressures had intensified the need to change these policies and systems. Changes in new educational policies are characterized by incremental steps that reshape the existing institutions and are intended to introduce new ways of thinking regarding higher education's role in modern society. As in other areas of reform, the old system has not been replaced, but new programs are being added to the existing one and the old ones are being updated to reflect new objectives.

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