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Background: People with intellectual disabilities are more likely to experience sleep problems, which can affect quality of life, physical health, mental health and well‐being. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted to investigate what is known about behavioural sleep disturbances in people with an intellectual disability. The search used the following databases: Scopus, PsycInfo and Cinahl, to find papers published since 2015. Results: Within intellectual disability research, sleep appears as a common issue due to its high prevalence, negative relationships with an individual's physical and mental health, their quality of life, and impact of sleep problems on family or carers. The growing evidence base appears to support the use of behavioural, lifestyle and pharmacological interventions to improve sleep in people with an intellectual disability. Conclusion: A wide array of literature provides evidence that people with intellectual disabilities are affected by and need support with their sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Throughout the transition to motherhood, changes are experienced across a woman's physical, mental, social, and occupational self. Maternal chronic illness adds the complexity of increased healthcare needs and navigating a high‐risk, medicalised pregnancy, birth, and post‐natal period. Literature concerning motherhood transitions in chronic illness generally focusses on the mother's medical health and pregnancy outcomes; little is known about the impacts on women's occupations, balance, and quality of life. Understanding these issues may help support women in a more tailored and holistic way. Objective: This scoping review aims to gather, analyse, and synthesise existing empirical research on occupational engagement and occupational balance as they impact on wellbeing and quality of life in women with a lifetime chronic illness before and during pregnancy and in early motherhood. Method: The review follows the nine‐stage framework described in the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis (2020). Five databases were searched: Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and OT Seeker. Data were extracted and examined via content analysis, described in narrative synthesis, summarised into a conceptual framework, and tabulated. Findings: A total of 8,655 papers were discovered on initial search. Following title and abstract screening, 220 full‐text studies were assessed for eligibility, and 46 papers were finally included. Analysis generated four major themes: The Disrupted Transition Journey; Adaptation, Compromise and Choice; Outcomes; and Drawing on What's Available. The themes were conceptualised into a framework to explain how women sought to balance motherhood and illness‐related occupations. Adequate access to information, social support, expert care, and financial resources improved both quality of life and healthcare compliance. Conclusion: Findings of this scoping review deepen the understanding of occupational balance during the transition to motherhood in the context of lifetime chronic illness. Healthcare providers and supportive family and friends can use this knowledge to adapt their approach to assisting women with chronic illness on the motherhood journey. These findings may also inform further inquiry into the scope of occupational therapy practice with this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess an overall correlation between emotional intelligence (EI) and subjective well‐being (SWB) within Chinese culture, accounting for possible moderating factors, we conducted a meta‐analysis of 119 correlations obtained from 62 studies with a total sample size of 29,922. The results uncovered a moderately positive correlation, r =.32, 95% CI [0.29, 0.36], p <.001, between EI and SWB. The strength of the correlation was moderated by EI stream, SWB component, participant's age, and participant's employment status. Specifically, this association was stronger when EI was measured as self‐report mixed EI, r =.49, and self‐report ability EI, r =.32, than when it was measured as performance‐based ability EI, r =.08. In addition, EI was more strongly associated with the cognitive components of SWB, r =.32, than with the affective component of SWB, r =.29, and the EI–SWB association was stronger in adults, r =.33, than in adolescents, r =.25. Furthermore, EI was more closely related to SWB in working adults, r =.43, compared to students, r =.29, and EI was almost equally associated with SWB across males and females, β = −.08, p =.55. The results, as well as their theoretical and practical implications, are discussed in detail with reference to relevant cross‐cultural theories and comparative empirical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Advances in medical knowledge have contributed to the increase in the number of children living with some form of long‐term chronic illness or condition. As a consequence of these advancements, treatments that are more accessible and easier to administer, usually within a child's home, have been developed. However, this may mean that parents take on greater treatment responsibility and require extra time and energy to meet these tasks, additional to other responsibilities. This review paper aims to summarize and critique existing literature on working parents of children with a chronic condition, by focusing on patterns of parent work, the challenges experienced, and the flow‐on consequences to well‐being. Methods: Employing a narrative, meta‐synthesis of the current literature, this review identified 3 key themes related to working parents of children with chronic illness. Results: The paper first identifies that although employment is less common, these parents are not necessarily nonworking. Second, these parents experience numerous challenges including balancing work and family, time constraints, stress, and feelings of “doing it all.” And third, the above challenges lead to additional impacts on parental quality of life. Conclusions: This review summarizes what is currently known about work patterns, challenges, and consequences in parents of children with chronic conditions. Employment is clearly impacted for these parents. Although workplace challenges have been extensively researched, other challenges (eg, personal and family) and impacts on their well‐being have not. This review discusses the present standing of this research. It outlines the strengths and limitations of the current literature, makes recommendations for future research, and suggests theoretical and practical implications of the further findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evaluations of health interventions for Indigenous peoples rarely report outcomes that reflect participant and community perspectives of their experiences. Inclusion of such data may provide a fuller picture of the impact of health programmes and improve the usefulness of evaluation assessments. Aim: To describe stakeholder perspectives and experiences of the implementation and impact of Indigenous health programmes. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies evaluating complex health interventions designed for Indigenous communities in high‐income countries. We searched 6 electronic databases (through to January 2020): MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, EconLit and CINAHL and hand‐searched reference lists of relevant articles. Results: From 28 studies involving 677 stakeholders (mostly clinical staff and participants), six main themes were identified: enabling engagement, regaining control of health, improving social health and belonging, preserving community and culture, cultivating hope for a better life, and threats to long‐term programme viability. Conclusion: The prominence of social, emotional and spiritual well‐being as important aspects of the health journey for participants in this review highlights the need to reframe evaluations of health programmes implemented in Indigenous communities away from assessments that focus on commonly used biomedical measures. Evaluators, in consultation with the community, should consistently assess the capacity of health professionals to meet community needs and expectations throughout the life of the programme. Evaluations that include qualitative data on participant and community‐level outcomes can improve decision‐makers' understanding of the impact that health programmes have on communities. Patient or public contribution: This paper is a review of evaluation studies and did not involve patients or the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: This study looked for information about the quality of life of adolescents with Down syndrome.We found two studies about quality of life that included the voice of the adolescent with Down syndrome. Most of the research includes parents' voices. Parents' views are important, but we need to also include adolescents with Down syndrome in research about their lives.Friends, family and independence are important to adolescents with Down syndrome.More information on quality of life is needed to help us understand more about their individual needs. Background: There is a wealth of research on adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) covering a large range of topics such as obesity, speech and language, education and health‐related quality of life. However, for quality of life, much of the available literature for adolescents with DS relies on parent proxy reporting. This results in more research on parent's perspectives rather than from the individuals with DS themselves. Aim: This study aimed to examine the literature to identify the literature that included the voice of adolescents with DS in research about quality of life. It aimed to address the research question: What evidence exists in relation to the perspectives of adolescents with DS about their quality of life? Method: A scoping review allowed for an extensive range of research and nonresearch material to be gathered. Search terms were identified, followed by searches of five electronic databases, Google scholar and Lenus (Irish Health Repository). Two researchers conducted the review. Studies were selected through inclusion/exclusion criteria. A chart summarised information from the selected studies. Results: A total of 596 articles were marked for title and abstract screening. Forty‐five articles were included for full‐text review. Forty‐three of these met exclusion criteria, resulting in two articles which included the voices of adolescents with DS themselves. For adolescents with DS, participation socially and in their communities was important as well as friendships, family relationships and functional independence. These themes need to be further explored. Conclusion: The UN Convention on the Rights the Person with Disabilities argues strongly for participation (United Nations [2006], UN convention on the rights of persons with disabilities). This paper highlights the lack of and need for further empirical quality‐of‐life research with adolescents with DS from their own perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The objective of this systematic review was to identify primary health-care or aged-care strategies that have or could support the well-being of older Indigenous peoples. Methods A search was undertaken of primary databases including Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Papers which reported on the perspectives of older Indigenous peoples, community members and provider participants were included. Findings were pooled using a meta-aggregative approach. Results Three high-level synthesised findings - maintaining Indigenous identity, promoting independence and delivering culturally safe care - were believed to be important for supporting the well-being of older Indigenous peoples. Conclusions As physical independence often diminishes with age, having the support of culturally safe primary health-care and aged-care services that understand the importance of maintaining an Indigenous identity and promoting independence will be crucial for the well-being of older Indigenous peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rates of physical activity decline throughout adolescence, and evidence indicates that this has an adverse impact on psychological health. This paper aims to synthesise available evidence for physical activity interventions on the mental health and well‐being of young people (11–19 years) from the general population. Method: Nine databases were searched to identify studies published between January 2005 and June 2020: Web of Science, ProQuest Psychology Journals, PsycINFO, Pub Med, ASSIA, CINHAL PLUS, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE and Wiley Online Library. Key search terms included 'physical activity intervention', 'mental health' and 'adolescen*'. Eligible studies were independently screened by two authors based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results: Twenty‐eight interventions were narratively synthesised in four categories: Quality of Life (QOL), self‐esteem, psychological well‐being and psychological ill‐being (e.g. depression, stress). A large proportion (67.9%) of interventions were multicomponent and combined physical activity with other features such as health education (e.g. nutrition). However, only a limited number (N = 5) specifically addressed mental health. Findings suggest that interventions are useful in improving psychological well‐being and QOL, yet evidence for self‐esteem is mixed. Conclusions: Although effectiveness in improving well‐being is evident, evidence for a reduction in the frequency and severity of mental health problems is less clear. A summary of the overall impact of physical activity interventions on the mental health of young people is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Hypoglycaemia affects many people with Type 2 diabetes using insulin and other glucose‐lowering therapies. This systematic review examined the impact of severe hypoglycaemia (episodes requiring external assistance) on psychological outcomes (e.g. emotional well‐being, health status and quality of life) in adults with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases were searched for peer‐reviewed empirical studies, published in English, reporting the occurrence and severity of hypoglycaemia and its relationship with patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in adults with Type 2 diabetes. Data were extracted from published reports and analysed. Results: Of 3756 potentially relevant abstracts, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most reported cross‐sectional data and sample sizes varied widely (N = 71 to 17 563). Although definitions of mild and severe hypoglycaemia were largely consistent between studies, additional non‐standard categorizations (e.g. moderate, very severe) were apparent and recall periods varied. Overall, severe hypoglycaemia was associated with increased fear of hypoglycaemia and decreased emotional well‐being, health status and diabetes‐specific quality of life. Effect sizes show that the association with fear of hypoglycaemia was stronger than with general health status. Conclusions: Notwithstanding the limitations of the empirical studies, these findings indicate that severe hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 2 diabetes (insulin‐ and non‐insulin‐treated) is associated with impaired psychological outcomes. Healthcare professionals should address the psychological impact of severe hypoglycaemia during clinical consultations, to support individuals to minimize exposure to, and the psychological consequences of, severe hypoglycaemia. What's new?: This is the first systematic review examining the psychological impact of severe hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 2 diabetes.For the most part, severe hypoglycaemia is associated with greater fear of hypoglycaemia, impaired general emotional well‐being and health status, and greater impairment of diabetes‐specific quality of life.The psychological impact of severe hypoglycaemia is not exclusive to those managing their diabetes with insulin.Health professionals need to actively assess and address the frequency and psychological impact of severe hypoglycaemia, minimize risk of exposure to severe hypoglycaemia, and provide support to the individual to deal with the psychological consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses are at a high risk for short sleep duration and poor sleep quality due to irregular work schedules and high occupational stress. Considering the effect of nurses' sleep on the safety and health of themselves and their patients, it is important to promote healthy sleep for nurses. We sought to synthesize the published experimental and quasi‐experimental studies that address interventions to improve sleep in nurses. A systematic search was conducted for studies published in English up until May 15, 2023, using the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Academic Search Ultimate, and PsycINFO. In total, 38 articles were included, covering 22 experimental and 16 quasi‐experimental studies with sample sizes ranging from 9 to 207. Studies were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and considered as low to medium quality. Thirty‐six of the 38 studies reported positive findings for at least one sleep outcome. Intervention types included aroma therapy, dietary supplements, cognitive behavioral therapy, light therapy, mind‐body therapy, sleep education, exercise, napping, shift schedule modification, and multicomponent intervention, all of which showed moderate effectiveness in promoting sleep outcomes of nurses. Comparing and contrasting studies on specific interventions for improving sleep in nurses is sparse and often equivocal. With the variations of research methodology and outcome measures, it is difficult to make a conclusion about each intervention's effectiveness on specific sleep outcomes. Additional high‐quality research, including randomized controlled trials, is needed to evaluate strategies for improving sleep in this unique, safety‐sensitive occupational group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: In the present study, we aimed to determine how Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), recovery (function and capacity in daily life) and well‐being are followed up and characterised in persons ≥65 years of age who were being cared for in an intensive care unit (ICU). Design: A scoping review. Methods: CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid) and PsycINFO databases were searched in October 2021. 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. The scoping review followed the principles outlined by Arksey and O'Malley, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) checklist and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework were used. Results: Results are presented under five subheadings: Study characteristics, Type of studies, Methods for follow‐up, health‐related quality of life, and Recovery. Time seems to be an important factor regarding HRQoL among older patients being cared for in an ICU, with most elderly survivors perceiving their HRQoL as acceptable after 1 year. Nevertheless, several studies showed patients' willingness to be readmitted to the ICU if necessary, indicating that life is worth fighting for. Patient or Public Contribution: Due to the design of the study, this study involves no patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies that have systematically reviewed the psychometric properties of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and subjective wellbeing instruments for adolescents with intellectual disabilities narrowly focus on disease or health‐specific conditions. This review aimed to critically appraise the psychometric properties of self‐report instruments used to measure HRQoL and subjective wellbeing of adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Method: A systematic search was undertaken in four databases. The quality of the included studies and their psychometric properties was assessed according to the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments Risk of Bias checklist. Results: Seven studies reported psychometric properties of five different instruments. Only one instrument identified as having potential to be recommended for use but requires further validation research to assess its quality for this population. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to support the recommendation of a self‐report instrument to assess HRQoL and subjective wellbeing of adolescents with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To systematically assess the impact of commercially available hybrid closed loop (HCL) systems on psychological outcomes in youths with type 1 diabetes and their parents. Methods: We performed a systematic review including studies published in the last 10 years. PICOS framework was used in the selection process, and evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. Results: A total of 215 studies were identified after duplicate removal, and 31 studies were included in this systematic review: 20 on first‐generation HCL and 11 on second‐generation HCL systems. According to studies with moderate‐ to high‐level quality of evidence, HCL systems led to better, or in some studies, unchanged psychological outcomes such as distress and burden related to diabetes management, fear of hypoglycemia, quality of life, satisfaction; instead, quality of sleep was perceived as improved, although results were not confirmed in studies using actigraphy. From semi‐structured interviews, answers were more homogeneous, and participants reported a positive experience and attitude towards HCL technology, which was felt to be easy to use and apt to achieve glycemic targets. Conclusions: Evidence confirms the importance of evaluating the psychosocial needs of youths with diabetes and their families when starting HCL systems and during follow‐up, and to set realistic expectations of what can be achieved along with awareness of the limitations of the systems, and educate and motivate families to overcome barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To synthesise and critically appraise the quality of existing evidence about the effects of yoga on physical and psychological outcomes among older adults. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Participants: Participants aged 60 and above. Measurements: Nine English and two Chinese electronic bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE OvidSP, PsycINFO, AMED, EMBASE, Global Health, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Hyread and WanFang databases, were searched. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) of yoga on physical and psychological outcomes among older adults were included. Meta‐analysis was conducted for outcomes studied in three or more studies, otherwise narrative synthesis was performed. Results: Fifteen studies were included for review. The results of meta‐analysis after sensitivity analysis showed that yoga significantly improved balance (SMD = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.48–1.14, p <.001, II2 = 59%), flexibility (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.07–0.68, p =.020, II2 34%), muscle strength (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.18–0.79, p =.002, I2 43%) and depressive symptoms (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.09–0.91, p =.01, I2 0%). There was insufficient data for meta‐analysis on gait and other psychological outcomes. Narrative synthesis suggested that yoga has positive effects on reducing anxiety, but its effects on improving gait and reducing stress among older adults were inconclusive. Conclusion: The results of this review supported the beneficial effects of yoga on physical outcomes among older adults, but the heterogeneity across studies was relatively high. Evidence related to the effect on psychological outcomes was limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review examined peer‐reviewed literature published from 2010 to 2020 to investigate the health care system costs, hidden out‐of‐pocket expenses and quality of life impact of surgical site infections (SSIs) and to develop an overall summary of the burden they place on patients. SSI can significantly impact patients' treatment experience and quality of life. Understanding patients' SSI‐related burden may assist in developing more effective strategies aimed at lessening the effects of SSI in financial and well‐being consequences. Peer‐reviewed articles on adult populations (over 18 years old) in orthopaedic elective hip and knee surgeries published from 2010 to 2020 were considered. Only publications in English and studies conducted in high‐income countries were eligible for inclusion. A search strategy based on the MESH term and the CINAHL terms classification was developed. Five databases (Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science) were searched for relevant sources. Reviewers categorised and uploaded identified citations to Covidence and EndNoteX9. Reviewers will assess article titles, abstracts and the full text for compliance with the inclusion criteria. Ongoing discussions between reviewers resolved disagreements at each selection process stage. The final scoping review reported the citation inclusion process and presented search results in a PRISMA flow diagram. Four main themes were extracted from a thematic analysis of included studies (N = 30): Hospital costing (n = 21); Societal perspective of health system costing (n = 2); Patients and societal well‐being (n = 6) and Epidemiological database and surveillance (n = 22). This systematic review has synthesised a range of themes associated with the overall incidence and impact of SSI that can inform decision making for policymakers. Further analysis is required to understand the burden on SSI patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The management of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) requires a comprehensive approach that considers multiple factors, including the impact of oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Through this investigation we aim to assess the impact of OHRQoL played in a TMD‐afflicted individual. Methods: Using keywords relevant to our research, such as "Oral health related quality of life," "Oral hygiene," "Temporomandibular joint" and "Temporomandibular disorders," a comprehensive search across multiple online databases was carried out, yielding a total of 632 studies at the preliminary stage of the review. Modified New Castle Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of studies included. Results: Eight studies were included in the review, out of which six were eligible for further meta‐analysis. The studies included in this review employed various OHRQoL measures, including the Oral Health Impact Profile—14 (OHIP—14), the Short‐Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36) and the OHIP‐ 49. All the studies demonstrated significant effect of TMDs on the OHRQoL of the target population under study. Conclusion: The impact of OHRQoL on the management of TMD was deemed to be significant. The comprehensive management of TMD should consider the impact of the condition on the individual's daily life and incorporate interventions that address both the physical and psychological aspects of the condition. By improving OqL, individuals with TMD can experience improved overall well‐being and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical distancing and contact restrictions have been implemented in most countries and territories due to the rapid spread of SARS‐CoV‐2. This has caused physical, emotional, and psychological distress for adults living in the community. Diversified telehealth interventions have been widely applied in health care and have proven to be cost‐effective and well accepted by patients and health professionals. Currently, the effectiveness of telehealth interventions on psychological outcomes and quality of life among community adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic remains unclear. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library from 2019 to October 2022. Twenty‐five randomized controlled trials with 3228 subjects were finally included in this review. Two independent reviewers performed the screening, extraction of key data points, and appraisal of the methodological quality. There were positive effects of telehealth interventions on anxiety, stress, loneliness, and well‐being among community adults. Participants who were women or older adults were more likely to recover from negative emotions, increase well‐being, and improve quality of life. The real‐time and interactive interventions and remote cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) may be better choices during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Based on the findings of this review, health professionals have more options and alternatives for delivering telehealth interventions in the future. Rigorously designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with higher statistical power and long‐term follow‐up should be conducted in the future to strengthen the currently weak evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological problems have become a substantial burden on refugee communities, with a considerable impact on refugee children's quality of life and well‐being. The available studies reveal growing mental health disorders in refugee children and adolescents, particularly traumas, anxiety, and depression disorders. This review aims to examine empirical evidence relating to the mental health of refugee children and adolescents in the Middle East. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, this systematic literature review (2010–2020) identified 54 studies about Middle Eastern refugee children and adolescents' mental health. Eighteen studies were excluded based on their lack of relevance to the focus of the review. Of the remaining records, ten reported common mental health disorders, ten reported on Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder, three reported the importance of mental health promotion in schools, while the others discussed protective factors. The results highlight a need to understand the mental health support needs of this group, add knowledge to this area of inquiry and provide baseline data regarding Middle Eastern refugee children and adolescents mental health. Differences across research designs were recorded to contextualize the quality of the study results. There is a paucity of studies investigating the causality, prevalence, risk factors, and interventions of non‐traumatic‐psychiatric disorders as well as the role of teacher in strengthen refugee's mental health. Limited information is available about suicidality and self‐harm, protective factors, adversity, adaptation, acculturation, and social demographics in refugee children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This systematic review synthesized quantitative evidence from the past decade of the effectiveness of peer support programmes in improving the well‐being and/or quality of life (QoL) for parents/carers of children with disability/chronic illnesses. Background: For children with disability or chronic illness, parents/carers are critical in enabling or limiting their child's development. The parent's/carer's ability to provide the necessary responsive and structured care is impacted by several factors, including their own personality, skills, resources and well‐being. Peer support programmes often aim to build parent/carer and/or family capabilities. Although studies and reviews have found positive benefits arising from such programmes, the impact of such programmes, specifically on well‐being and QoL, is unknown Results: Quantitative studies published between 2011 and 2020 that examined the impact of programmes with a significant peer support component on parental/carer well‐being, QoL and/or distress were identified from four databases and were searched and yielded 3605 articles, with 13 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The results suggested that peer support is effective for reducing distress and improving the well‐being and QoL among parents of children with disabilities; however, the evidence is limited by a high risk of bias in the included studies. Conclusions: Although existing evidence suggests that programmes for parents/carers with a significant peer support component are beneficial for well‐being and QoL, rigorous methodologies are needed in the future to gain a better understanding of the benefits of such programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This systematic review explored the effectiveness of using physical activity (PA) interventions to enhance psychological well‐being and reduce psychological ill‐being (e.g., anxiety and depression) in children aged six to 11 years old from the general population. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 2005 and June 2020: Web of Science, ProQuest Psychology Journals, PsycINFO, Pub Med, ASSIA, CINHAL PLUS, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE and Wiley Online Library. Search terms included 'physical activity intervention', 'psychological well‐being' and 'child*'. After removing duplicates, 11 390 studies were independently screened by two authors based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and assessed for risk of bias. Results: A total of 23 studies were narratively synthesized and categorized into four domains: Quality of Life (QOL), body image, self‐esteem and psychological ill‐being. Evidence was provided for the impact of PA interventions in improving QOL, body image and self‐esteem. Despite the positive effect on psychological well‐being, evidence for a reduction in the frequency and severity of symptoms associated with psychological ill‐being in children is less clear. Conclusions: Reviewed studies support the use of PA interventions in enhancing the psychological well‐being of children in school and community settings. More research is warranted to understand the impact of PA interventions on reducing psychological ill‐being in children from the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The constructs of health, well‐being and quality of life are not routinely understood or measured for people accessing aged care services. This study aimed to identify and validate theoretical domains of health, well‐being and quality of life for recipients of care, their informal carers and staff, and inform the development of a person‐centred outcomes measurement framework. Methods: First, a rapid review to identify recurrent domains of health, well‐being and quality‐of‐life in aged care, using systematic searches of electronic databases, and review of grey literature, following the PRISMA guidelines. Second, establish content validity of identified domains using (a) Delphi technique with n = 134 aged care staff, care recipients and caregivers, and (b) comparability with categories within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and ICF Geriatric Core Set. Results: From 972 records detected in the rapid review, 19 peer‐reviewed research articles and 27 grey literature sources were included in the content analysis. Twenty‐four domains and 109 concepts were identified, and health, quality of life, security and food and nutrition were ranked as the most important. One domain, cognition, linked to both the Geriatric Core Set and ICF, and 37% of domains and 39% of concepts were evident within the ICF. Conclusions: This study identified and validated 24 important domains of health, well‐being and quality of life for the older person receiving care, their informal carers and staff. These domains can be used to guide the selection of outcome measures and facilitate person‐centred care and care planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Informal carers play a critical role in supporting people with dementia. We conducted a scoping review and a qualitative study to inform the identification and development of carer‐reported measures for a dementia clinical quality registry. Methods: Phase 1—Scoping review: Searches to identify carer‐reported health and well‐being measures were conducted in three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase). Data were extracted to record how the measures were administered, the domains of quality‐of‐life addressed and whether they had been used in a registry context. Phase 2—Qualitative study: Four focus groups were conducted with carers to examine the acceptability of selected measures and to identify outcomes that were important but missing from these measures. Results: Phase 1: Ninety‐nine carer measures were identified with the top four being the Zarit Burden Interview (n = 39), the Short‐Form12/36 (n = 14), the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced scale and the Sense of Coherence scale (both n = 9). Modes of administration included face‐to‐face (n = 50), postal (n = 11), telephone (n = 8) and online (n = 5). No measure had been used in a registry context. Phase 2: Carers preferred brief measures that included both outcome and experience questions, reflected changes in carers' circumstances and included open‐ended questions. Conclusions: Carer‐reported measures for a dementia clinical quality registry need to include both outcome and experience questions to capture carers' perceptions of the process and outcomes of care and services. Existing carer‐reported measures have not been used in a dementia registry context and adaption and further research are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older adults are more likely to live alone and engage in solitary activities than young adults, leading to decrement in their well‐being. However, researchers have discovered beneficial implications of solitude, and some of them even have established that the negative and positive effects of solitude coexist. The study's purposes are to investigate the relationship between solitude and well‐being among older adults and to further examine the inter‐individual differences in this relationship. In the database of Google Scholar, the systematic review methods are used and 17 articles meet the inclusion criteria. The study concludes that older adults experience solitude both negatively and positively; the complex relationship between solitude and well‐being can be better understood and explained by inter‐individual differences based on intrapersonal, interpersonal, and cultural factors. This systematic review adopts a perspective that spans individual and social/cultural levels and helps grasp the link between solitude and well‐being in older adults. Based on this review, the researcher can develop appropriate interventions to help older people maximize the benefits of solitude while minimizing the drawbacks to further achieve a higher quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV2 (COVID‐19) was declared a global pandemic in 2020 with the greatest risk to older adults. Prolonged restrictions and isolation threaten the social and emotional welfare of vulnerable groups with concerns focused on the long‐term impact of this pandemic on the health and well‐being of aging populations. Purpose: Using the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (STT) as a conceptual framework, the purpose of this literature review was to explore the impact of COVID‐19 on the psychological and social well‐being of older adults. Methods: Numerous academic and healthcare‐related databases were searched to yield 24 relevant primary research articles, published during the pandemic (2020–2022), for analysis. Results/Conclusions: Overall results indicated the pandemic had a significant negative affect on the psychological and social well‐being of older adults to include those with cognitive impairments and dementia despite perceptions of reduced awareness. There were significant differences between age groups with older adults reporting greater emotional stability and coping skills than younger cohorts. Although supportive services and the use of technology‐enhanced well‐being these resources were reduced during the pandemic due to lack of trained staff, funding, and other socioeconomic or political barriers. The SST proposes that feelings of satisfaction, a sense of belonging, and purpose are important for emotional well‐being but the pandemic challenged these goals and, for many, resulted in stress, anxiety, and depression. Clinical Relevance: Healthcare providers and policymakers need to be aware of the negative consequences triggered by the prolonged pandemic and take measures to provide services that support the psychosocial well‐being of older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses' burnout might affect their quality of life, productivity and nursing care services. Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to systemically review the relationship between nurses' burnout and quality of life and to introduce practical recommendations to reduce nurses' BO and improve their QOL. Methods: In April 2021, MeSH terms (("Nurses"[Mesh]) AND "Burnout, Professional"[Mesh]) AND "Quality of Life"[Majr] were used to search five electronic databases: CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and Google Scholar. Results: The search produced 21 studies exploring nurses' burnout and their quality of life within the last ten years (2009–2021). Most of these studies found significant relationships between the burnout dimension(s) and quality of life dimension(s) among the nurses. Conclusion: Nurses have moderate to high levels of burnout and were negatively associated with poor quality of life. Interventional programs are needed to decrease nurses' burnout and improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To summarize and critically appraise the recent qualitative evidence regarding the impact of hypoglycaemia on the quality of life of family members of adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Methods: Four databases were searched systematically (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library), and results were screened for eligibility. Article quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Data were extracted, coded and analysed using thematic analysis. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) and Enhancing transparency in reporting of qualitative research (ENTREQ) guidelines. Results: Eight qualitative studies were included in the final review. The majority of participants were partners or spouses of adults with type 1 diabetes. Thematic synthesis resulted in six analytical themes: 'Hypoglycaemia alters everyday life, reducing freedoms and increasing disruptions', 'Hypoglycaemia has an adverse impact on sleep', 'Hypoglycaemia negatively changes the relationship with the person with diabetes', 'Hypoglycaemia negatively impacts emotional well‐being', 'The detection, prevention, and treatment of hypoglycaemia consumes time and energy' and 'Family members have unmet needs for informational and emotional support regarding hypoglycaemia'. Across the six analytical themes, family members described how hypoglycaemia has a severe negative impact on different aspects of their lives, including daily living, personal relationships and emotional well‐being. Conclusions: Family members experience the impact of hypoglycaemia as a major recurrent challenge in their lives. The unmet needs of family members need further attention in research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A comprehensive evidence base is needed to support recommendations for the dietetic management of adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study aimed to determine the effect of dietary interventions with dietitian involvement on nutritional status, well‐being, kidney risk factors and clinical outcomes in adults with CKD. Methods: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE.com were searched from January 2000 to November 2019. Intentional weight loss and single nutrient studies were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. Effectiveness was summarised using the mean difference between groups for each outcome per study. Results: Twelve controlled trials (1906 participants) were included. High fruit and vegetable intake, as well as a multidisciplinary hospital and community care programme, slowed the decline in glomerular filtration rate in adults with stage 3–4 CKD. Interventions addressing nutrition‐related barriers increased protein and energy intake in haemodialysis patients. A Mediterranean diet and a diet with high n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improved the lipid profile in kidney transplant recipients. Conclusions: A limited number of studies suggest benefits as a result of dietary interventions that are delivered by dietitians and focus on diet quality. We did not identify any studies that focussed on our primary outcome of nutritional status or studies that examined the timing or frequency of the nutritional assessment. This review emphasises the need for a wider body of high‐quality evidence to support recommendations on what and how dietetic interventions are delivered by dietitians for adults with CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The mandate of the United Nations Relief and Work Agency in the Near East (UNRWA) includes education and health services of registered Palestinian refugees in Jordan and other countries. UNRWA is facing limited funding because of unstable political circumstances. This review aims to spotlight the importance of UNRWA's role in promoting Palestinian refugees' health inside and outside camps in Jordan. Method: This systematic review was conducted through iteratively searching electronic research databases for original, recent, full‐text literature regarding the health and social outcomes of Palestinian refugees in Jordan. Results: The 12 reviewed studies showed that UNRWA's programs through its clinics and schools have a crucial role in improving Palestinian refugees' health outcomes such as adolescents' cigarette smoking prevalence, infant mortality, non‐communicable disease management, health‐related quality of life, mental/psychological health services, and reproductive health. Access to UNRWA's health services may account for better or comparable health outcomes among Palestinian refugees. Conclusion: Despite the short funding and political pressures, UNRWA has provided aid and services to Palestinian refugees inside and outside refugee camps in Jordan. UNRWA's role is crucial in maintaining decent health outcomes in this vulnerable, underserved population. The further limiting of UNRWA funding may jeopardize the health of millions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To map existing research‐based knowledge of everyday life and illness management among people with coexisting type 2 diabetes and severe mental illness, and to identify study designs, aims, populations and themes. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on 16 April 2019 using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cinahl, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science to conduct a scoping review. Included studies were summarized with regard to the quantity of research, the study designs, aims, populations and themes Results: From 3406 records, we included 23 studies about everyday life and illness management among people with coexisting type 2 diabetes and severe mental illness. Four studies were qualitative (observations, interviews and focus groups), and 19 were quantitative (observational and interventions) and used questionnaires. Five themes emerged in the findings: (1) diet and exercise, but not other diabetes self‐care activities, are consistently compromised in the target group; (2) psychiatric exacerbation diminishes diabetes self‐care; (3) social support and high self‐efficacy improve diabetes self‐care; (4) use of healthcare services is compromised; and (5) quality of life and well‐being is poor. Conclusions: The limited research into the studied population's experiences with coexisting type 2 diabetes and severe mental illness is characterized by its heterogeneity in aims and methods and a strong focus on diabetes management and treatment. Further research focusing on the management of both conditions in everyday life is needed to improve specialized and integrated care targeting the population. What is already known?: People with severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, have a twofold higher risk of type 2 diabetes compared to the general population for a number or reasons related to genetics, treatment, illness, socio‐economic factors, and lifestyle.The existing literature on perceptions and experiences of people living with coexisting type 2 diabetes and severe mental illness is mainly focused on the diabetes management and treatment.Further research focusing on the management of both conditions in everyday life is needed to improve specialized and integrated care targeting this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To synthesize the evidence on the impact of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema from the patient perspective. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO, EMBASE and AMED. We included articles investigating the impact of the condition on quality of life, symptoms, visual functioning, activities of daily living, well‐being, social functioning, and financial status. The studies evaluated were observational, including cross‐sectional, prospective cohort and retrospective cohort designs. Outcome data were extracted and synthesized. Results: Searches yielded 5114 publications. After screening, 85 studies were included, measuring the following outcomes: visual functioning (n=46); quality of life (n=22); well‐being (n=16); functional status (n=5); work (n=4); and visual task performance (n=2). Diabetic retinopathy has a considerable impact on visual functioning and this is greater in people with greater disease severity. Diabetic retinopathy significantly limits activities including working, driving, walking and reading, and has the potential to have a negative impact on psychological well‐being. Conclusions: Diabetic retinopathy is associated with poor self‐reported visual functioning, well‐being, and health‐related quality of life. Ability to perform basic everyday tasks appears to diminish with disease severity. Some studies suggest impaired mobility and problems with work, but there are gaps in this evidence. What's new?: Diabetic eye disease is a leading cause of preventable vision loss and is negatively associated with health‐related quality of life.This review shows that there is considerable impact on visual functioning, which is more impaired in people with greater disease severity. Diabetic eye disease limits activities including working, driving, walking and reading. In addition, vision loss in diabetic retinopathy has the potential to negatively impact psychological well‐being.The review shows the importance in clinical practice of measuring and considering the everyday impacts of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema, which include impacts on psychological well‐being, functional status, quality of life, and work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inactivity is a major factor contributing to adverse health in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). While it is generally agreed that physical activity (PA)/sport‐based interventions promote cognitive and social development in the general population, little is known about their specific benefits in adults with ID. The aims of this systematic review were (a) to examine the effects of PA/sport‐based interventions on intention, motivation and attitude regarding PA/sport participation in adults with ID and (b) to investigate the influence of these psychological factors on behavioural change (e.g. PA level) and quality of life. Methods: A systematic review has been conducted searching four electronic databases (i.e. SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Library). Studies were included if written in English, peer reviewed, had primary research data, and measured intention, motivation, attitude, behavioural outcomes or quality of life. Results: Thirteen articles met our inclusion criteria of which 10 explored the effects of PA/sport as part of a multi‐component intervention. Most investigated outcomes were exercise self‐efficacy and quality of life. Five studies measured exercise self‐efficacy, and four of them found significant changes. One study found a significant improvement in quality of life and another study in life satisfaction. We observed lack of sport‐based interventions, few data about people with severe ID and limited psychological measures. Conclusions: Personal and environmental factors are key components of behavioural change. Support of caregivers and individualised instructions may benefit exercise self‐efficacy. There is lack of information about the effects of psychological factors on behavioural change and quality of life in adults with ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: Advanced practice physiotherapists (APPs), also known as extended scope physiotherapists, provide a new model of service delivery for musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders. Research to date has largely focused on health service efficiencies, with less emphasis on patient outcomes. The present systematic review aimed to identify the patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) being utilized by APPs. Method: A wide search strategy was employed, including the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and PEDro databases, to identify studies relating to PROMs utilized by APPs in MSK healthcare settings. PROMs identified were classified into predetermined outcome domains, with additional contextual data extracted. Results: Of the initial 12,302 studies, 38 met the inclusion criteria. These involved APPs across different settings, utilizing 72 different PROMs and most commonly capturing: Patient Satisfaction, Quality of Life (QoL), Functional Status, and Pain; and, less frequently: Global Status (i.e. overall improvement), Psychological Well‐Being, Work ability, and Healthcare Consumption and Costs. The quality of the PROMs varied greatly, with Satisfaction most commonly measured utilizing non‐standardized locally‐devised tools; the EuroQol five‐dimensions questionnaire (EuroQoL‐5D) and 36‐Item Short‐Form (SF‐36) cited most frequently to capture QoL; and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to capture Pain. No key measure was identified to capture Functional Status, with 15 different tools utilized. Conclusion: APPs utilized a multiplicity of PROMs across a range of MSK disorders. The present review will act as an important resource, informing the selection of outcomes for MSK disorders, with a view to greater standardization of outcome measurement in MSK clinical practice, service evaluation and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time use could profoundly affect adolescents' health-related quality of life (HRQL). Ideally, overall time use patterns would be considered, because activities within a 24-hour day are inherently correlated (more in one activity means less in another). This review focused on the associations of (i) overall time use patterns and (ii) components of time use patterns with HRQL in adolescents.Conclusion: More physical activity, less screen time and more/adequate sleep, in isolation, are associated with better profile-based HRQL subscales. Greater understanding of adolescents' overall time use patterns and HRQL is, therefore, a priority for policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of cancer nurse specialist (CNS) has expanded reflecting rapid changes in the field of prostate cancer diagnostics, treatments and improved survival outcomes. Extended roles such as CNS‐led follow‐up are aimed at helping men and their families to cope better with the impact of the disease. Aim of this study is to compare medical with CNS‐led follow‐up by assessing the patient experience, quality of life and emotional wellbeing. Primary sources of research articles were searched on selected databases: MEDLINE (1995 to September 2015), EMBASE (1995 to September 2015) and CINAHL (1995 to September 2015). The Cochrane Collaboration Assessment of Bias Collaboration's tool was used and 10 of 11 studies were selected for data extraction. The process of meta‐analysis was supported by the use of RevMen software version 5·1.7. Although there is some indication that the CNS‐led follow‐up is better, there is no statistically significant difference between medical and CNS‐led follow‐up. This review has found no statistically significant difference between medical and CNS‐led follow‐up. Therefore, it is proposed that CNS can offer a safe and effective follow‐up for people with cancer, including men with prostate cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary A group of adults with mild-to-moderate learning difficulties said they found it hard at times to find someone to talk to who understands them., They said this was important because everybody should have someone to talk to and share their feelings with., They wanted to know what had been written about this, and what research had been done., A literature review was undertaken and found that the emotional lives of adults with learning difficulties have not been researched very much., Often supporters do not realise that people with learning difficulties would like more opportunities to talk and share their feelings., Adults with learning difficulties are good at supporting each other and more could be done to help this to happen., Abstract Background: Adults with mild or moderate learning difficulties identified a need for more opportunities to access appropriate emotional support. Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was undertaken. Factors associated with dealing with emotional unrest, such as self-esteem/self-awareness, a person's attitude to having learning difficulties, emotional competency and friendship issues are discussed. Results: The review provides evidence that emotional unrest exists but receives little attention from supporters due to an emphasis on practical issues associated with an inclusion agenda. The review highlights a lack of research on emotional support for adults and explores reasons for this. Conclusion: The value that people with learning difficulties place on support from others with learning difficulties, that is peer support, emerges as a theme and an argument is presented for further inclusive research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of life review interventions on psychosocial outcomes among older adults. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, CINHAL, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, Springer Link, Oxford Journals Collection, FRMS, CBM, VIP, CNKI, and Wanfang to identify randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials that evaluate the effects of life review among older adults. The quality of studies included was evaluated and the relevant information was extracted. Then, a meta-analysis was carried out with RevMan software. Results We identified 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria, and 11 studies were allowed for meta-analysis. The combined results of the meta-analysis showed that life review significantly reduced depression (standardized mean difference 0.57, 95% CI 0.73 to -0.42) and hopelessness (mean difference [MD] 4.01, 95% CI 6.13 to -1.89). There was a significant improvement in well-being (standardized mean difference 0.54, 95% CI 0.01-1.06) and specific memory (MD 1.05, 95% CI 0.07-2.03). However, other study findings did not support its effect in life satisfaction (MD 2.15, 95% CI 0.69- 5.00), self-esteem (MD 0.21, 95% CI 2.09-2.50), the quality of life (standardized mean difference 0.15, 95% CI 0.96-0.66), extended memory (MD 0.03, 95% CI 0.61-0.55), categorical memory (MD 0.48, 95% CI 1.08- 0.12) and no recall (MD 0.30, 95% CI 1.12- 0.52). Conclusions Life review is a worthwhile intervention for reducing depression and hopelessness, and improving quality of life, well-being and specific memory in older adults. More well-designed trials with a large sample and long-term follow up are necessary to confirm the effects of life review on other psychosocial outcomes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1344-1357. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]