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Access to financing plays an eminent role for a small enterprise sector in any economy. Research usually finds a positive size efficiency relationship, but few studies focus on sectors dominated by small and medium-sized firms (SMEs). This paper fills this gap by analyzing this relationship in the Polish industry sector, which is both successful and increasingly dominated by SMEs. It is envisaged that this study will contribute to the existing literature on small enterprise financing, with an emphasis on financial constraints in the Polish small enterprise industry sector. The paper presents only part of research. Analysis of the data will present an insight into the actual barriers for small enterprises constraints associated with debt financing arrangements. First published online: 18 Sep 2015

This paper aims to present how social capital can benefit business processes of an enterprise, which uses its social networks for business purposes, and which of those benefits are the most important in this context. The first part of this article represents the theory of social capital. The main conceptual approaches to social capital were investigated. According to this, the conception of social capital and its dimensions were introduced. The second part of this paper seeks to evaluate the benefits of social capital to enterprise’s business activities by mentioning not only benefits, which create social capital but also risks, which can occur if social capital is used improperly. The last part of this essay introduced the model of social capital’s benefits to enterprise’s business processes and evaluated, which of them are the most relevant.

Purpose – Change management depends on the type and extent of the implemented change. The aim of the paper is to identify management model of changes in Slovak enterprises and to define conditions of effective change management for the prevailing type of changes. Research methodology – The main method of the research was primary quantitative research via questionnaires. Outputs from the questionnaires were evaluated by statistical methods, pivot tables, and chi-square test. Findings – Slovak enterprises apply functional approach to change management based on financial improvement. Mostly performed changes are operative. The success of changes can increase focus on improvement of internal processes, force field optimization and project elaboration via log frame. Research limitations – The limitations of the research consist in a chosen quantitative method which doesn’t enable discovery of a qualitative and psychological sides of managing changes and the research sample including mostly small sized enterprises in Slovakia. Practical implications – The detected conditions of an effective change management can inspire the enterprises to increase the success by implementation of changes. Originality/Value – New empirical knowledge concerning change management in the practise of Slovak enterprises, identification of the applied model by managing the changes and conditions for an effective management of changes.

The paper presents the analyses and evaluates the current state of implementation of eco-innovation in the most energy-intensive sectors in Slovakia and also compares the eco-innovation performance of EU countries. Furthermore, it identifies the economic and environmental benefits from which businesses can profit following the introduction of this type of eco-innovation; it confirms the relationship between investments in environmental technologies and increasing sales of ecological products and services and identifies opportunities for development of eco-innovations in Slovakia. The industrial sectors in Slovakia have the potential to utilise eco-innovation throughout the structure of their economic activities, to develop new technologies and knowledge as well as in creating and developing partnerships, networks and mutual cooperation for the development of eco-innovation on the proviso that appropriate supporting eco-innovation policies and stimulus measures are in place. An analysis of the current state of eco-innovations in the selected enterprises was carried out on the basis of original empirical research which is based on a questionnaire survey on enterprises in the Slovak Republic.

This paper attempts to explore the relationship between openness and a Chinese firm's productivity using 1999–2002 panel data on 26 industries covering 2400 enterprises. The current literature has focused mainly on the relationship between productivity and exports, using country-level data, leaving a gap in the relationship between imports and productivity unfilled, in particular at the firm specific level. However, our study complements the existing literature by using the latest set of data, and more importantly, by examining the effects of exports and importing machinery on the firm's performance. Using the dynamic panel data econometrics technique, we find evidence that firms can improve productivity by importing more capital good and utilizing foreign technologies from technologically advanced economies. Finally the effects of importing capital goods on productivities and that of exporting activities are compared.

The paper presents interpretations of business strategy concept and analyses strategy planning and formation, models. The concept of business strategy is revised and formulated considering various authors approaches. Analysis of business strategy formation process – steps of development and management, selection of strategy type – is based on presented strategy planning models. The aspects of enterprise business and investment strategy formation, coordination and valuation are analysed. The steps of the corporation and its business units strategy planning cycle, as well as strategy application in practice are presented. Verslo strategijos formavimo įmonėje teoriniai aspektai Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiamos verslo strategijos sampratos interpretacijos, analizuojami strategijos planavimo ir kūrimo modeliai. Atsižvelgiant į įvairių autorių požiūrius patikslinama ir formuluojama verslo strategijos samprata. Remiantis pateiktais strategijų planavimo modeliais analizuojamas verslo strategijos formavimo procesas: kūrimo ir valdymo etapai, strategijos rūšies parinkimas. Nagrinėjami įmonės verslo ir investicinės strategijos formavimo, derinimo ir vertinimo klausimai. Pateikiami parengtos bendrovės ir įmonių, įeinančių į ją (verslo vienetų) strateginio planavimo ją įgyvendinant praktikoje ciklo etapai. Reikšminiai žodžiai: verslo strategija, formavimo procesas, įmonė, vertinimas, konkurencija, investicinė strategija, planavimas.