5 results
Search Results
2. Navigating the ethical maze in disability research: ethical contestations in an African context.
- Author
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Nuwagaba, Ephraim Lemmy and Rule, Peter
- Subjects
HUMAN rights ,INFORMED consent (Medical law) ,LEARNING strategies ,MEDICAL ethics ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,PRIVACY ,RESEARCH ethics ,RESEARCH personnel ,HUMAN research subjects - Abstract
Despite changes in how disability is viewed, ethical requirements for disability research have hardly changed. Some ethical clearance procedures, processes and practices still consider persons with disabilities as not able, creating unease among researchers and research participants with disabilities themselves. This paper considers five ethical contestations arising from research in the area of disability in an African context: positionality, vulnerability, signed consent, anonymity, and research committee composition. We argue that ethical requirements in practice are still largely based on a medical model of disability and propose that culturally sensitive social and human rights models should influence disability research ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Child and adolescent mental health in Africa: A qualitative analysis of the perspectives of emerging mental health clinicians and researchers using an online platform.
- Author
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Davids, Eugene Lee, Adams Tucker, Leigh, Wambua, Grace Nduku, Fewster, Deborah Leigh, Schlebusch, Liezl, Karrim, Saira BS, Attia, Mouna, Nyoni, Joachim, Bayouh, Fikirte Girma, Kuteesa, Hillary, Brahim, Takoua, Hoogenhout, Michelle, Moussa Kahloul, Rahma Ben, Jearey-Graham, Nicola, Gobie, Habte Belete, and Nalugya, Joyce Sserunjogi
- Subjects
CHILD health services ,CHILDREN'S rights ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,CONTINUUM of care ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,HEALTH attitudes ,HEALTH care teams ,INTERNET ,MEDICAL care ,HEALTH policy ,MENTAL health personnel ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,PUBLIC health ,SPEECH therapy ,SOCIAL stigma ,SURVEYS ,MEDICAL care for teenagers ,PUBLIC sector ,GOVERNMENT regulation ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,THEMATIC analysis ,PSYCHOLOGY of Research personnel - Abstract
Objective: Using a social ecological framework, this study aimed to establish emerging mental health clinicians and researchers' perspectives about child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) in Africa. Method: Perspectives of 17 participants from Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Tunisia, Uganda and Zambia, whose professional backgrounds ranged from psychiatry to speech-language therapy, were collected at an African CAMH conference. Data were gathered using open-ended questions, using an online survey. Data were analysed using theoretical thematic analysis. Results: An adapted social ecological framework highlighted: An increased need for commitment from governments to improve CAMH in Africa; and addressing mental health stigma and discrimination through community awareness. The need for specialised CAMH facilities were identified, particularly in the public health sector. The need for multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary partnerships for advocacy, service delivery, and continuity of care were also identified. Participants emphasised the importance of CAMH awareness, and the role of governments in recognising CAMH needs and using policies to improve CAMH in Africa. Participants were hopeful about the transformation of CAMH on the continent. Conclusion: The participants prioritised government- and community-level awareness to increase the resources and support offered by CAMH services in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Health, wellbeing, and disability among older people infected or affected by HIV in Uganda and South Africa.
- Author
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Mutevedzi, Portia C., Nyirenda, Makandwe, Newell, Marie-Louise, Scholten, Francien, Mugisha, Joseph, Seeley, Janet, and Kowal, Paul
- Subjects
GERIATRIC assessment ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,HEALTH status indicators ,HIV ,PSYCHOLOGY of HIV-positive persons ,LONGITUDINAL method ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,WELL-being ,CROSS-sectional method ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Objective: To describe and compare the health status, emotional wellbeing, and functional status of older people in Uganda and South Africa who are HIV infected or affected by HIV in their families. Methods: Data came from the general population cohort and Entebbe cohort of the Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, and from the Africa Centre Demographic Information System through cross-sectional surveys in 2009/10 using instruments adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). Analysis was based on 932 people aged 50 years or older (510 Uganda, 422 South Africa). Results: Participants in South Africa were slightly younger (median age - 60 years in South Africa, 63 in Uganda), and more were currently married, had no formal education, were not working, and were residing in a rural area. Adjusting for socio-demographic factors, older people in South Africa were significantly less likely to have good functional ability [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.98] than those in Uganda, but were more likely to be in good subjective wellbeing (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.60-2.90). South Africans were more likely to be obese (aOR 5.26, 95% CI 3.46-8.00) or to be diagnosed with hypertension (aOR 2.77, 95% CI 2.06-3.73). Discussion and conclusions: While older people's health problems are similar in the two countries, marked socio-demographic differences influence the extent to which older people are affected by poorer health. It is therefore imperative when designing policies to improve the health and wellbeing of older people in sub-Saharan Africa that the region is not treated as a homogenous entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Regional Review of Payments for Watershed Services: Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Author
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Ferraro, PaulJ.
- Subjects
CONSERVATION of natural resource economics ,WATERSHEDS ,CARBON sequestration ,BIODIVERSITY conservation ,INVASIVE plants - Abstract
This review of African Payment for Watershed Services (PWS) schemes describes ongoing and proposed initiatives, and describes the factors that cause Africa to have far fewer PWS initiatives than Latin America. An understanding of these factors can help natural resource management and development practitioners identify the field characteristics under which PWS programs can succeed. One particularly important element of existing and proposed African PWS initiatives is their focus on poverty alleviation. As a PWS objective, poverty alleviation in Africa is considered as valuable, or more valuable, than the watershed services that are the ostensible target of these payments. The implied social targeting that comes with a focus on poverty alleviation increases the transaction costs and decreases the level of watershed services provided by PWS in Africa. Moreover, it implies that the current dependence of African PWS programs on general tax revenues for financing, rather than direct payments from beneficiaries, will likely continue. Further experimentation and information-sharing over the next 5 years should offer a clearer picture of the potential for PWS to achieve environmental and social objectives on the African continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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