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This paper explores the role of perturbance and attractor, two key nonlinear features described by the Neuro-occupation model in shaping human behavior. A convenience sample of eleven Iranian participants who had both strokes and demonstrated high resilience were recruited for this study. To explore the process of how participants fell under the influence of the perturbance and attractor, the content analysis with pre-determined categories using deductive reasoning was used. The findings suggest that perturbance and attractor exerted considerable influences on adaptation to stroke and assist in the understanding of the Neuro-occupation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined the teacher candidates' perceptions of ways a process-based reflective teacher training course-especially those focused on bumpy moments in the classroom, through situational role plays, video reflections, and scenarios- could assist them in their reflective and caring practices. In this regard, a sample of 45 pre-service teacher candidates enrolled at a teacher education university in Iran partook in the study and filled in the reflective and caring practices questionnaire before and after the treatment. Moreover, three teacher candidates were offered to keep reflective journals about the procedure based on their observations. Furthermore, pre- and post-phase interview was conducted with 15 participants. The results of this study revealed that the participants across all three intervention groups experienced improvement as a result of engaging in the teacher training course. The scenario group had the highest mean, followed by the video group; the role play group showed the least amount of improvement in reflective questionnaire mean score of all the treatment groups. The implication is that the process-oriented reflective teacher training course through situational role-play, video-based reflection, and scenario-based reflection can make teacher candidates more cautious about the caring and reflective aspects of their teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. In recent years, workplace accidents have imposed a considerable cost on industries. Accident proneness is one of the most influential factors known to cause unsafe behaviors and occupational accidents. Therefore, the present study investigated the validity and reliability of the accident proneness questionnaire in industries. Methods. The questionnaire was developed to measure accident proneness in industries – the developed instrument was distributed in East Azarbaijan industries (1100 questionaries). Content validity, confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to examine the construct validity, and Cronbach's α and the test–retest method were used to examine the reliability and reproducibility of the instrument. Results. In the face validity section, the impact score of all items was determined to be >1.5. In the content validity section, the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were higher than the standard value of 0.42. The Cronbach's α coefficient for all dimensions was 0.914. Conclusion. The findings of the study show that the accident proneness questionnaire in industries has acceptable validity and reliability, and can be used as a comprehensive, practical, robust and reliable instrument to investigate the accident proneness of different industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of a valid and reliable women's empowerment tool was reported by previous studies in Iran. The authors of this paper, accordingly, intended to fill this gap by developing a valid questionnaire. 600 women in Dezful city, southeast of Iran, took part in the study in 2014-2015. Multistage sampling method was used to recruit the participants. Our exploratory factor analysis revealed that 18 items of the model loaded on 4 factors. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was suitable as Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.77. Considering high validity and shortness of the questionnaire, it can be used as a trustful and comprehensive tool to measure women's empowerment in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the prevalence of COVID-19, many people try to protect themselves against the virus by self-quarantining. Spiritual wellbeing improves the quality of life and helps people in hardships. This web-based descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 362 Iranian residents, in 2020. In this study, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. During the COVID-19 pandemic, spiritual well-being and quality of life were at medium levels in families. There is a positive relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life, and a number of factors that affect them. It is necessary to design, implement and evaluate interventions considering these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers' collaborative inquiry is a process of learning through which teams of teachers evaluate and analyze their teaching practice, and reflective practice contributes to teachers' professionalism. The present descriptive survey study aimed to investigate the role of collaborative inquiry in Iranian EFL teachers' reflective teaching and whether teaching experience (novice and experienced teachers) affects collaborative inquiry and reflective teaching. For this purpose, 185 Iranian female and male language institute EFL teachers were randomly selected and responded to the survey instruments. The data were collected by the Survey of Reflective Practice and Collaborative Inquiry Survey and were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and Pearson correlation. The findings demonstrated a significant positive correlation between pedagogical reflection and collaborative inquiry and a significant negative correlation between critical reflection and collaborative inquiry. Furthermore, novice teachers obtained higher scores in pedagogical reflection whilst their experienced counterparts were more critically reflective. The present study findings contribute to further uncovering the links between reflective teaching practices and collaborative inquiry of EFL teachers. Therefore, school principals can design collaborative learning experiences, especially for novice teachers, to foster reflection. Furthermore, teachers should regard collaboration as a self-growth opportunity and help their colleagues develop and improve their teaching practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that physical activity can improve health, the present study was conducted to affect education based on the theory of planned behavior on the promotion of physical activity and awareness in the prevention of diabetes in students. This parallel quasi-experimental study with two equal groups of intervention and control was carried out in three stages by multistage sampling method. Students who were physically ill or had absence were excluded from the study. Only the intervention group received the required intervention and the evaluation was done before, immediately after and 3 months after the intervention in both groups. The educational program was implemented in various forms such as oral, pamphlets, brain storming, group discussions, role play for behavior modeling, and written media such as posters, and exercise demonstrations. Data collection was performed in primary schools of Mashhad. The questionnaire was contained; demographic information, diabetes awareness, physical activity based on the theory of planned behavior and physical activity (IPAQ). Data analysis was done by SPSS-16 software using Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, and marginal longitudinal models at the significance level of 0.05. The mean scores of knowledge (p < 0.001), subjective norm (p < 0.001), perceived behavior control (p = 0.015) and physical activity (p < 0.001) immediately after the intervention were higher in the intervention group compared to the control group and the differences were significant. Results of this study supported the effectiveness of education based on theory of planned behavior in the promotion of physical activity and knowledge of students regarding diabetes prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to identify Iranian preschool children's (N = 318) knowledge of genital and non-genital body parts. Assessment consisted of children naming selected external body parts in drawings of same-sex counterparts. Results indicated that almost all children knew the correct terms for their non-genital body parts, but few knew the correct terminology for their genitals. Many used slang terms and some appeared embarrassed or reluctant to reply (girls were more likely than boys not to respond). No statistically significant difference between the sex of children in knowledge of correct names of all genitals emerged. Boys knew the correct name of their genitalia (penis) significantly more than girls. Results indicated children are learning the names of their body parts but not their genitals, perhaps indicative of a lack of sexual health education that may be representative of the conservative culture in Iran. It is critical for young children to learn about their genitals as this knowledge provides the foundation for subsequent sex education and facilitates discussion about bodily safety to prevent sexual abuse. When children learn these names, it can facilitate disclosure of abuse and can assist those working with young children in medical settings, child protection and legal arenas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women experienced traumatic childbirth talk about the lack of opportunity to express their worries and stresses. However, providing psychological support to reduce the long-term and severe consequences is essential. The present study aimed to determine the effect of supportive counseling on mother psychological reactions and mother-infant bonding following traumatic childbirth. This quasi experimental study was performed on 166 postpartum women with psychological birth trauma admitted to public hospitals in Arak, Iran. Postpartum bonding questionnaire was filled before hospital discharge. The women were randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group (n = 83) received individual supportive counseling for two in-person sessions before hospital discharge, and 10–15 days after delivery and a telephone consultation during 4–6 weeks after delivery. The data were collected using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and the postpartum bonding questionnaire, after 2 months. The data were analyzed using SPSS21 software and chi-square, t-test, and ANCOVA were used. The mean score of postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (MD: −13.40, 95% CI: −10.66 to −16.15, P < 0.001). The severity of the PTSD symptoms in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (MD: −6.37, 95% CI: −3.55 to −9.18, P = 0.04). The mean (SD) of mother-infant bonding after controlling the effect of baseline score indicated a significant difference between the two groups (MD: −7.82, 95% CI: −6.53 to −9.11, P < 0.001). The supportive counseling seems to be effective in reducing PPD and PTSD symptoms, and improving postpartum bonding after traumatic childbirth. The use of group supportive counseling with other time intervals and long follow-up period is recommended. Further, other intervention approaches should be used for preventing the progression of psychological birth trauma toward PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study was conducted to validate the Persian version of the AWAER questionnaire (Preventive Warning of Relapse – Revised Form) in methamphetamine users. Method: The statistical population consisted of all the methamphetamine users referring to the addiction treatment centers of Kermanshah, Iran, and 388 people were selected by two-step random cluster sampling. Result: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the AWARE questionnaire was 0.95, indicating the desired validity of the Persian form. Exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation indicated three factors, namely depression, anxiety, and relapse, with a total variance explanation of 63.3%. Also, the correlation coefficient obtained between the extracted factors with each other and the entire items indicated a desirable structural validity. Given the elimination of three items, the Persian version of the questionnaire was finally obtained with 25 items and three factors. Test–retest reliability was 0.79 with a one-week interval. The correlation coefficient between the AWARE questionnaire and AWQ-V2 scores was obtained as 0.526 for determining the convergent validity (P <.01). Conclusion: The Persian version of the AWARE questionnaire in methamphetamine users' community has a favorable validity and reliability and can therefore be used to assess the symptoms of advance warning of relapse in Persian-speaking methamphetamine users, such as those in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risky behaviors are common in developing countries, especially in adolescence. Moreover, sensation seeking is an important factor in personality. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between risky behaviors and sensation-seeking in a sample of Iranian adolescents. This study used a cross-sectional method with 400 high school adolescents (age between 15 and 21 years old) in Kashan city from multistage random sampling. The research instrument consisted of three parts: a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) and the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale-V (SSS-V). Data analysis was performed using the t-test, ANOVA, chi-square, regression and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS v 11.5. Risky behaviors were found in 51.2% of students, and a significant difference was found between the male and female students in this regard (p <.021). The overall sensation-seeking score and the scores in the dimensions of experience seeking, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility were higher in males than females (p <.0001). All dimensions of sensation-seeking other than disinhibition dimension could significantly predict risky behavior. Sensation seeking can be used as an indicator for screening risky behaviors. Detailed planning on the part of the health care system and public authorities is recommended for appropriate screening and counseling adolescents with risky behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health as a state of wellbeing is beyond not having a mental disorder. An important aspect of mental health is positive mental health (PMH), but still little is known on its determinants, especially in less developed countries. In this regard, the relations of positive mental health with social capital and socioeconomic status (SES) as two main social factors were investigated on 250 adults of Tehran. The PMH score was moderate (PMH = 44.4), subjective dimension of SES and three dimensions of bonding social capital including trust, empathy, and participation explained 44% of the PMH variations. It seems necessary for policymakers and experts who work in the mental health field to pay more attention to social predictors of PMH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim was to develop a framework-based weight control behavior questionnaire (Weight-CuRB) and test its psychometric properties among a non-probability sample of 240 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Appropriate validity, simplicity, functionality and reliability were observed for the Weight-CuRB. The explanatory model fits the data well (χ2 [139] = 245.835, p <.001, CFI = 0.950, NFI = 0.901, IFI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.057[(0.045–0.068]). To our knowledge, this was the first study to develop and validate a framework-based instrument aiming at cognitive needs assessment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The weight-CuRB may be useful in addressing the core cognitive determinants of weight control among the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to establish the psychometric properties of the Iranian-Children Participation Questionnaire (I-CPQ) among parents (n= 120) of preschool children with cerebral palsy. The mean age of the preschool children was 5.1 years old. The confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in two stages, and the values of all goodness of fit tests reached an acceptable level (greater than 0.9), and achieved an acceptable root mean square error of approximation model fit value of 0.05. The results of convergent validity with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale for all subtests were significant. Internal consistency was acceptable to excellent (α: 0.66–0.85), and test–retest reliability was excellent (ICC: 0.92–0.98). We concluded that the I-CPQ demonstrated good psychometric properties and utility for assessing participation of Iranian preschool children with cerebral palsy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]