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Contingency management (i.e. rewarding people, often with money, for achieving their recovery goals) is backed by decades of empirical support yet remains highly underutilized. Rewards are rarely used in real-world clinical practice due to a number of concerns, including most notably, the apparent lack of innovation, as well as moral, philosophical, ethical, and economic concerns, and even federal rules meant to prevent illegal inducements in health care. Still, other opponents argue that some patients will try to "game" the system by simply doing whatever it takes to earn monetary rewards. This paper provides a succinct, up-to-date overview of the current evidence base for contingency management for opioid use disorder. Common barriers and solutions to implementation, as well as implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed. Although important, greater uptake of contingency management interventions is about more than legislation and regulations; it's about recognizing stigma, shaping attitudes, and increasing awareness. Provider involvement in advocacy efforts at all levels and collaboration involving academic–industry partnerships is necessary to advance the burgeoning digital health care space and improve outcomes for people with opioid use disorder. Contingency management is highly effective but highly underutilized. Low uptake is largely attributed to a lack of innovation and moral, ethical, and economic concerns, among other barriers. Technology-enabled solutions and academic–industry partnerships are critical to advance opioid use disorder care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I discuss the theoretical and empirical literature on the quantitative and qualitative employment impact of technological change. I also compare the relative explanatory power of competing economic theories, while detailing the macro, sectoral, and micro evidence on the issue with reference to advanced and developing economies. The main purpose of the paper is to offer a critical meta-analysis of both the theory and recent empirical achievements stemming from the relationship of technology and employment. More specifically, I draw some general conclusions about possible consequences of that relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research paper is an investigation of innovation and heritage entrepreneurship development in the South Wales Valleys. It is particularly concerned with opportunities to develop industrial heritage tourism enterprises in the South Wales Valleys, with special reference to Merthyr Tydfil. The research is based upon eight case study structured interviews and collated data to produce, in combination with the contemporary literature, four key themes to achieve a sustainable regeneration scheme for innovative heritage entrepreneur- ship development. These key themes are funding challenges, cohesion of the community, a strategic approach, and networking and partnerships. This analysis has shown the growing significance of non-environmental sustainable development and socio-cultural regeneration. Throughout the main themes that have been analysed, the importance of innovation and heritage entrepreneurship development has become particularly apparent. This has proved that they are practically inseparable due to the fact that they need to work together in order to provide a sustainable approach for regeneration to work effectively in the long-term. It has become apparent that a strategic approach is essential, for it is the only way forward that is sustainable in order to develop heritage tourism enterprises for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chief Technology Officer position has been adopted by a wide variety of industries that are seeking to leverage technology within products and services. The position calls for an operational executive who can make important strategic decisions that impact the competitive position of the company. However, little research has been done to define the CTO's responsibilities, methods of evaluating the person's performance, and the skills that he or she should bring to the office. This paper identifies five dominant patterns of the CTO position, labeled the Genius, Administrator, Director, Executive, and Advocate. These patterns are useful in understanding the diversity within the position and in matching a CTO from a specific pattern to a business with unique issues to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the early stages of technology or innovation projects, companies often need to make decisions about which projects to pursue when only scant information is available. In this article, we provide guidance on how to make the best use of the information available by assessing projects against several appropriate factors and allocating scores. Although companies have used this type of scoring method for many years, they have paid little attention to how to best design and configure scoring tools. We explain how to design a scoring tool specifically tailored for a particular situation and present the example of Grundfos to illustrate the efficacy of developing a customized scoring method that includes identifying factors under Opportunity and Feasibility. We suggest how to choose the factors to ensure that the scoring is as consistent and objective as possible and how to treat the inevitable uncertainty arising from early-stage projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avulsion of C5 and C7 nerve roots was confirmed intraoperatively in a 21 year old male presenting after motor vehicle accident with confirmed absence of somatosensory evoked potentials upon stimulation via ultra–high-frequency ultrasound (70 MHz). Ultra–high-frequency ultrasound can be used as a reliable tool to directly visualise nerve injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As with any technological innovation, time refines the technology, improving upon the original version of the innovative product. The initial GM crops had single traits for either herbicide tolerance or insect resistance. Current varieties have both of these traits stacked together and in many cases other abiotic and biotic traits have also been stacked. This innovation requires investment. While this is relatively straight forward, certain conditions need to exist such that investments can be facilitated. The principle requirement for investment is that regulatory frameworks render consistent and timely decisions. If the certainty of regulatory outcomes weakens, the potential for changes in investment patterns increases. This article provides a summary background to the leading plant breeding technologies that are either currently being used to develop new crop varieties or are in the pipeline to be applied to plant breeding within the next few years. Challenges for existing regulatory systems are highlighted. Utilizing an option value approach from investment literature, an assessment of uncertainty regarding the regulatory approval for these varying techniques is undertaken. This research highlights which technology development options have the greatest degree of uncertainty and hence, which ones might be expected to see an investment decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers for consideration four propositions about business, government, and innovation in the post-World War Two United States, points which may have a wider resonance as well. They concern the long term role of continuous innovation, technology–science relationships, state-led problem setting for innovation, and the ‘permanent uncertainties’ that arise from Cold War-era technological advance. Each of these has implications for the practice of business history, for conceptualizing innovation, and for our understanding of post-war science–technology trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the significance of the collaboration and integration of research and development management with its ecosystem of suppliers. Advantages of the innovative application of technology to a company; Role of standards and information technology in the ability to effectively integrate business processes to provide a service or product; Factor that will affect the success of research and development.

Achieving sustained organizational innovation has proved an almost insurmountable challenge for most firms, and is even more challenging in difficult economic times. Most firms are unprepared for hard times, and typically respond with draconian measures such as budget cuts and layoffs, short-term, finite actions that lead eventually to diminished returns. A review of the literature reveals little advice beyond exhorting firms to develop an enduring innovation culture a priori, before times get difficult. Once beyond finite actions, however, firms have an opportunity to examine other, more systemic and tactical practices for pursuing growth opportunities under austere financial conditions. These can address both the specific causes off he firm's economic distress, and achieve longer-term innovation that will help rebuild the firm and to some degree inoculate it against future turbulence. INSET: What You Can Do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]