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Paper folding-and-punching tests are used to measure spatial abilities in humans. This paper presents a qualitative model for paper folding (QPF) and a computer game (Paper Folding Game) developed to apply and show the reasoning capabilities of the QPF model. This interactive game presents paper-folding activities intended to help users train and understand how to fold a paper to get a specific shape. Then, it presents paper-folding-and-punching tests to the players. The Paper Folding Game can automatically generate paper-folding-and-punching questions with varying degrees of difficulty depending on the number of folds and holes made, thus producing additional levels for training. The reasoning mechanisms in the QPF model are used by the Paper Folding Game to infer the right answer to each paper-folding-and-punching question. This reasoning capability allows the game to provide feedback to the players when they are wrong and also to create other plausible answers automatically, so that random question-answers are shown to the players in the master-mode. The Paper Folding Game has been implemented using Unity engine and it is available to download from GooglePlay and AppleStore for everyone to train their spatial reasoning skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia / Journal Canadien d'Anesthésie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Publications baring falsified and fabricated images appear frequently in the primary literature. Industrialized forms of image forgery as practiced by the so-called paper mills worsen the current situation even further. Good education and awareness within the scientific society are essential to create an environment in which honesty and trust are the prime values in experimental research. Here I focus on the detection of publication fraud and provide some examples and advice. Finally, my views on the future of fraud detection and prevention are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) encompass a spectrum of degenerative, inflammatory conditions predominantly affecting the joints. They are a leading cause of disability worldwide and an enormous socioeconomic burden. However, worldwide deficiencies in adult and paediatric RMD knowledge among medical school graduates and primary care physicians (PCPs) persist. In October 2017, the World Forum on Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (WFRMD), an international think tank of RMD and related experts, met to discuss key challenges and opportunities in undergraduate RMD education. Topics included needs analysis, curriculum content, interprofessional education, teaching and learning methods, implementation, assessment and course evaluation and professional formation/career development, which formed a framework for this white paper. We highlight a need for all medical graduates to attain a basic level of RMD knowledge and competency to enable them to confidently diagnose, treat/manage or refer patients. The importance of attracting more medical students to a career in rheumatology, and the indisputable value of integrated, multidisciplinary and multiprofessional care are also discussed. We conclude that RMD teaching for the future will need to address what is being taught, but also where, why and to whom, to ensure that healthcare providers deliver the best patient care possible in their local setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article, co-authored by a patient living with type 2 diabetes and a diabetes specialist physician, discusses the patient's experience of living with type 2 diabetes, including their experience of diagnosis and self-management, education and adoption of SGLT2 inhibitors to treat the disease. The physician discusses the therapeutic challenges of SGLT2 inhibitors and the importance of education.Funding: Napp Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper begins with a recognition that questions of climate change, environmental degradation, and our relations to the natural world are increasingly significant and requiring of a response not only as philosophers of education but also as citizens of the planet. As such the paper explores five of the key journals in philosophy of education in order to identify the extent, range, and content of current discussions related to the environment. It then organizes and summaries the articles that were located while seeking to identify the extent, possibilities, and limitations of current discussions relating to the environment in the philosophy of education community. The hope is that ultimately this work is an invitation to anyone, regardless of tradition, orientation, and expertise, to contribute to the expansion and deepening of both theory and practice in the face of this most serious of challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Die Nephrologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is a brief information and analytical survey of the papers submitted to the Second International Nanotechnology Forum held in Moscow in October 2009. Scientometric data on the participants, their origins by regions and research centers, as well as an analysis of the advancements and problems of Russian research in nanotechnologies, are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pädiatrie & Pädologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is a brief information-analytical review of papers submitted on the First International Forum on Nanotechnologies held in Moscow in December 2008. Scientometric data on the participants, their origin by region and research center and analysis of advancements and problems of Russian studies on nanotechnology are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the digital divide between and within the 28 member-states of the European Union. The analysis comprised four socio-demographic contexts: age, education, gender, and income. Because of the digital divide's complexity, a multivariate approach was applied - factor analysis with oblique rotation, which resulted in two distinct dimensions: e-Services and Social Networks. To test the significant differences of European Union positioning and European Union disparities, Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Squared Rank Test were computed. Findings show that e-Services adoption is influenced primarily by the education level of individuals, while Social Networks adoption is more affected by individuals' age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invites authors to submit papers for a special issue of “Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education” on the nature and role of tasks in mathematics teachers' education.

In K-12 education, Computational Thinking (CT) has been a trendy issue in mathematics education, but the approach and results of CT + Math are not yet clear enough. This paper systematically reviewed 22 SSCI journal papers from three perspectives: the current status, outcomes, and implications of mathematics and CT integration. Results indicate that: (1) The empirical studies were more inclined to be carried out in primary school; (2) The sample size inversely proportional to the duration, the same as the duration and the learning phase; (3) the integration of mathematics and CT were gradually emerging in kindergartens, while the empirical studies in junior and senior high schools still needs to be improved; (4) The experimental type prioritizes case studies and lacks mixed research; (5) Most research designs employ a variety of measuring instruments but limited in multimodal data; (6) Through the teaching model of plug-in programming, the integration of mathematics and CT was centred on the field of geometry and number operations; and (7) The CT skills involved are mainly Problem decomposition, Pattern recognition, Abstraction, Algorithm design and Debugging. The limitations and future directions are also discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The educational outcomes of the descendants of migrants are important indicators of migrants' incorporation into host societies and an indicator of intergenerational social im/mobility. This paper examines this relationship using data from a survey that follows a cohort of young adults, born between 1988 and 1997, who grew up in Switzerland. It looks at the relationship between the educational output of respondents and their parental migratory background, with the theoretical consideration that the family's social capital is a starting point in the descendants' trajectories. The paper is based on secondary data and exploratory cross-sectional quantitative analyses. The results highlight first a correspondence between migrant parents' national origins and their socio-economic status—in other words, an 'ethno-class'. Second, they show differences in educational outcomes between migrants' descendants and native Swiss as well as between the migrants' descendants themselves—which indicates a segmented incorporation process for both the first and the second generation, in confirmation of previous research. Third, results show that parental background and language region of residence are statistically significant in determining the level of education achieved by the migrants' descendants, especially those with a low socio-economic status. Their social mobility is 'limited', and they remain mostly in vocational education. The paper concludes that the Swiss school system still fails to include the most unprivileged and that a glass ceiling remains for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Films depicting educational relationships typically emphasize personal connections between students and teachers over the educational goals that such relations facilitate. In doing so, these films raise the question of how teachers stand in relation to their institutional roles in such a way as to inspire students' desires for knowledge. In this paper, in order to examine the influence of institutional roles in defining teacher-student relationships, we analyze 'The Paper Chase,' a film in which teacher and student have no personal connection but in which the drama of student desire is nonetheless clearly featured. Drawing from Plato's erotics, in which the soul is shaped by desire for that which it lacks, and from Jacques Lacan's theories of desire and transference, we argue that 'The Paper Chase' portrays educational desire as rooted in the differential of authority between teacher and student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative inquiry is frequently used to deepen understanding, improve empathy, and inspire social change, making it particularly appropriate for researchers using feminist, critical or other frameworks that encourage readers to consider issues of power and privilege. Gender researchers using qualitative inquiry are able to select from within a multitude of qualitative approaches to address the purpose of any given research study. The availability of so many approaches makes it challenging to provide one set of “best practices” for qualitative inquiry. The purpose of the present paper is to address this challenge by providing a combination of general and approach-specific guidelines for authors who aspire to write qualitative original research articles for publication in Sex Roles. I begin by providing broad guidelines, follow with approach-specific considerations, and finish the paper with advice related to common practices in qualitative research reporting. I also provide a sample of authoritative sources authors might wish to consult and cite in their research papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding what contributes to improving a system will help us tackle the problems in education systems that usually fail disproportionately in providing quality education for all, especially for the most disadvantage sectors of the population. This paper presents the results of a qualitative systematic literature review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of what education research can say about the factors that promote education systems' improvement. This literature is emerging as a topic of empirical research that merges comparative education and school effectiveness studies as standardized assessments make it possible to compare results across systems and time. To examine and synthesize the papers included in this review we followed a thematic analysis approach. We identify, analyze, and report patterns in the papers included in this systematic review. From the coding process, four drivers for system improvement emerged: (1) system-wide approaches; (2) human capital; (3) governance and macro–micro level bridges; and (4) availability of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent demographic changes in Western countries have resulted in higher rates of partnership dissolution and serial partnering, and an increase in childbearing across multiple partnerships. This has given rise to more complex family dynamics including multi-partner fertility (MPF), defined as having biological children with two or more partners. Yet estimates of MPF in the UK have not previously been available. This paper describes an 'indirect approach' to estimate the prevalence of MPF in the UK, for men and women, given different assumptions. The paper additionally explores differences in MPF according to own and parental educational attainment. Amongst those born in Britain in 1970, 12–14% of men and 15–18% of women experienced MPF by age 42, depending on the assumptions made. For most of the cohort, MPF occurred with two different coresidential partners. We have established that MPF is a common family formation in the UK, but there are large educational disparities in MPF prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective treatments for familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) offer patients the opportunity of normal life expectancy, but lifelong adherence to both lipid-lowering therapies and lifestyle measures is challenging, and thus, this is rarely achieved. The aim of this systematic review is to identify attributes of educational interventions that promote adherence to treatment in FH. A systematic literature search was undertaken using Medline, CINAHL, HMIC and Embase. Papers were included based upon pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria; the quality of each included paper was assessed using the MERSQI scoring system. Relevant data were extracted, and a narrative synthesis was created. Six relevant studies of varying methodological quality were found amongst 2963 papers identified during the search. In total, there were 619 patients with FH in the intervention arm of the relevant studies. All six studies showed a positive effect of education on adherence to FH treatment; however, only two papers observed a statistically significant effect. Assessment was limited to the short-term. Four themes were identified as important when using education to improve treatment adherence: involving family, patient empowerment, practical problem solving and use of information leaflets. Educational interventions improve short term treatment adherence in patients with FH. Successful interventions are those that involve the whole family, set practical problem solving tasks, and that use techniques to increase the patients self-efficacy. This should all be supported by contemporaneous provision of written, age-appropriate information. There were no studies looking at education and long-term adherence in FH patients, and more research is needed in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of four thematic articles dealing with "Community Participation for Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction" will be published in this issue of Landslides following a call for papers, promoted by the authors, aimed at gathering field experiences in implementing and adopting landslide risk reduction measures at the community level in different social and economic environments. This editorial article briefly introduces the topic, states the objectives and the main findings of the four research studies, and provides some concluding remarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necropsy, the examination of animal carcasses to determine the cause of death, is an essential skill for many professionals. Traditional training methods, however, are costly and time-consuming. The article suggests that Web-based Augmented Reality (WebAR) can offer an immersive and cost-effective training experience for laboratory animal necropsy. It describes using photogrammetry techniques to create a virtual necropsy environment consisting of 10 necropsy steps. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the usability, educational value, and drawbacks of the designed application by students who tested it. The paper outlines best practices for developing WebAR simulations, including high-fidelity 3D models and interactive elements. Additionally, it presents methods for creating new WebAR applications using specific programs or scripts. This paper highlights the potential benefits of WebAR for laboratory animal necropsy training, emphasizing its accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing education costs is a crucial policy element with broad support in the U.S. However, is lowering the cost of learning a panacea for eliminating income inequality? In this paper, I theoretically examine the relationship between income inequality and the cost of education by building a three-stage overlapping generation model with two sectors and two education systems. In contrast to conventional studies treating education as a unified concept or in hierarchical order, I consider two types of education, each targeting the training of workers for different roles in production. Workers who decide to spend time learning and improving creativity skills can work to produce intermediate goods used in current production and illuminate future production technology. Coders who produce industrial robots are one example of workers who receive this type of education. The other type of education only improves workers' efficiency and helps them become experts in positions. For instance, office clerks who receive computer training can become more productive in dealing with their daily tasks. I pick a reasonable set of parameters, and the simulation result implies that reducing the cost of practical training may end up enlarging income inequality. The key is whether the effect resulting from the wage gap between jobs (wageeffect) dominates the effect of changing the share of workers in jobs (compositioneffect). Reducing the cost of learning creativity encourages marginal experts to learn creativity and marginal basic workers to receive training, leading to declining wage gaps and income inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is presently having a substantial influence on the advancement of career counseling education by enabling tailored guidance and evidence-based decision-making for learners. This paper aims to provide an overview about the utilization of AI in Bangladesh's early career planning education. The utilization of AI has already been deployed in many first world country, however this is quite new to the third world country like Bangladesh. Significantly, artificial intelligence (AI) has surpassed its traditional function in professional growth and extended its reach to encompass social and emotional education. The examination of AI studies in Bangladesh requires the careful examination of several elements, such as cognitive advancement, parental engagement and oversight, and cultural heritage. This paper reveals overall all the facets of implementing AI in career planning in context of Bangladesh. Although there are several limits associated with the utilization of artificial intelligence for career assessment, it has undeniably yielded a multitude of benefits and discoveries. In the result, the two areas of data-informed making choices and career exploration are where the phenomena mentioned above are most frequently seen. Additionally, there is a growing need for cultural competency in the educational sector for both the delivery of individualized career counseling and AI-assisted employment suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on an educator's perceived experiences and observations on the complex process of 'passage' when students transitioning from high school into their first-year of post-secondary education often struggle to adapt to academic writing standards. It relies on literature to further explore such a process. Written communication has become increasingly popular in formal academic and professional settings, stressing the need for effective formal writing skills. The development of online tools for aiding writing is not a new concept, but a new software development known as ChatGPT, may add to the many challenges academic writing has faced over the years. This paper reflects on the students' struggles as they navigate different courses seeking to adapt their writing skills to formal and structured written academic requirements. The COVID-19 pandemic forced many recent high school students into virtual education, uncertain of its effectiveness in developing the writing skills high school graduates require in academia. Many unknowns exist in using ChatGPT in academic contexts, especially in writing. ChatGPT can generate texts independently, raising concerns about plagiarism and its impact on students' critical thinking and writing skills. This paper hopes to contribute to pedagogical discussions on the current challenges surrounding the use of artificial intelligence technology and how better to support beginner writers in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of COVID-19 arose the need for social distancing measures, including the imposition of far-reaching lockdowns in many countries. The lockdown has wreaked havoc on many aspects of daily life, but education has been particularly hard hit by this unprecedented situation. The closure of educational institutions brought along many changes, including the transition to more technology-based education. This is a systematic literature review that seeks to explore the transition, in the context of the pandemic, from traditional education that involves face-to-face interaction in physical classrooms to online distance education. It examines the ways in which this transition has impacted academia and students and looks at the potential long-term consequences it may have caused. It also presents some of the suggestions made by the studies included in the paper, which may help alleviate the negative impact of lockdown on education and promote a smoother transition to online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a commentary on a paper by Roeser et al. entitled "Beyond all splits: Envisioning the next generation of science on mindfulness and compassion in schools for students". The commentary endorses the main thrust of paper, the need to re-envisage mindfulness and move from the dominant model, a clinically based "mindfulness in education" approach, in which mindfulness is seen as a discrete "intervention", an approach which has been criticised as mechanistic, atomistic, and restrictive and encourages a view of mindfulness as helping people to cope with a stressful status quo. The commentary further endorses the view that we need to create and research models of "mindfulness as education", as a transformative "process" models which focus on the relational and developmental aspects of education, within a whole-school, ecological approach, encouraging schools to become more compassionate places, which cultivate a positive sense of agency in learners to empower them to change the social context. As well as endorsing the main thrust of the paper, this commentary includes the following further comments. Research and practice on teacher development needs to be at the heart of this process. Getting the balance right between rigour and innovation in research will be an ongoing process. It would be helpful to look outside Anglo-centric box for examples of this relational shift. We should wait to see how the somewhat unexpected results of the MYRIAD project feed into longer term reviews before changing advice around universal approaches and who should teach mindfulness in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a brief information and analytical survey of the papers that were submitted to the Third International Nanotechnology Forum that was held in Moscow on November 1-3, 2010. Scientometric data on the participants, their origins by region and research center, as well as an analysis of the achievements and problems of Russian research on nanotechnologies, are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Handedness differences in self-reported sleep variables were examined. Strongly right-handed (SRH) and non-right-handed (NRH) college students were queried as to average sleep duration, amount of sleep desired, and number of dreams per week. Analyses were performed on these variables and on calculated sleep time reduction. Non-right handed students expressed decreased sleep duration (392.80 ± 69.56 min) compared with SRH (417.59 ± 70.46 min); P < 0.05. That gross measures of handedness and sleep produced significant effects indicates the ease with which handedness classifications can be used, the robustness of handedness effects on sleep measures, and the necessity of controlling for handedness in sleep investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the specific effects of self-monitoring in brief behavioral intervention by correspondece, two kinds of behavioral treatment were used. Group M (n = 70) consisted of bibliotherapy, self-checking for habits, goal-setting, self-monitoring and operant reinforcement. In group B (n = 18), self-monitoring was excluded from these components. As a result, total sleep time and three kinds of sleep qualities improved in both group M and group B participants. The improvements of sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep-related habits and program-adherence rates were better in group M participants. These results suggested that self-monitoring might improve sleep-related behaviors and program adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The average bedtime and sleep duration of Japanese students aged 12–18 years was later and shorter, respectively, by 1 h compared with those of Italian students. Japanese students aged 12–15 years were predominantly more evening-typed than Italian students, while there were no significant differences in the morningness-eveningness (M-E) scores between students aged 16–18 years in the two countries. The bedtime of approximately 70% of Italian students was fixed by parents during their childhood, whereas the bedtime of only 40% of Japanese students was fixed by their parents. Current bedtime fixation made the students (both Japanese and Italian) aged 12–15 years more morning-typed, while it had no effects on the M-E scores of students 16–18 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short paper offers a series of responses to Jochem Zwier and Timothy Barker's comments on my extended paper 'Taking Exception: Philosophy of Technology as a Multidimensional Problem Space.' Part one responds to questions concerning the modality of the renewed understanding of the theme of the transcendental that was argued for in my initial paper: I argue for the deep contingency of such a move, against any sense that it is necessary. Part two takes this consideration of modality further, considering the possibilities that a renewal of the theme of the transcendental stands to offer philosophy of technology today. I argue that the contingency of our contemporary sense of the transcendental can be precisely what makes it valuable. Whereas parts one and two turn on incisive questions posed by Zwier, part three closes by reconsidering the claims for a 'multidimensional problem space' offered in my initial paper. In response to an acute insight from Barker, I close by arguing that philosophy of technology's problem space should be explored in terms of a notion of 'shared agonism'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consequences of poorly processed reports of child abuse and neglect, along with governance challenges in child protection systems, are well-documented. Recent research, inquiries and royal commissions emphasise the need for child-centered and participatory practices that support the rights and dignity of children and their families. However, the challenges of quality case recording in child protection systems and contexts remain unclear. This paper reports on the findings from a pilot study that interviewed (n = 22) and surveyed (n = 56) social work students and social work curriculum developers from Australian Universities and practitioners currently working in the Australian child protection service system. By capturing participants' professional insights, we aim to understand the embedded barriers to transforming child-centered systems by focusing on strengths and possibilities in current practices rather than reiterating deficiencies in recordkeeping. This paper reveals insights into how professionals working in the child protection system understand and are supported in child-centered case note recording and recordkeeping practices. It also identifies the possibilities for the crucial role that interdisciplinary collaboration and alignment between social work and recordkeeping informatics can play in transforming and supporting recordkeeping approaches and practices that prioritise and uphold the rights and dignity of the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What role does education play in economic growth? Conventional wisdom and macroeconomic theories posit that as a nation becomes more educated, they become wealthier. The basic argument says a more educated populace is more productive (i.e. the quality of human capital increases) thereby increasing economic output. However, the majority of empirical work done on this topic has not found a strong relationship between education and economic growth. The purpose of this paper will be to identify where this body of research went wrong and offer theoretical insights ignored by this literature based in market-process theory tradition. It will draw upon an existing body of research (both empirical and theoretical) that fits within this theoretical paradigm as well as suggest a path forward for researchers in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is able to emulate human performance on a task and may improve the radiologists' work. This text and opinion review explored the implementation of AI in diagnostic radiology education curricula at pre-licensure training/education in healthcare. The question was: what are the pedagogical possibilities, advantages and challenges of AI use in diagnostic radiology education? Methods: Primary research studies, reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, letters, texts, expert opinions, expert consensus, discussion papers and guidelines about diagnostic radiology education at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels of any field of health sciences were considered. Searches were conducted on indexed databases and grey literature. Data on the context, potentials and challenges were collected from the text and opinion papers and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Text and Opinion Papers was applied to assess methodological quality. From the experience papers, intervention, experiences and results were extracted parameters and an adapted JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports was applied. Results: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Personalization, training facilities and the standardization of radiology teaching were the main potentials identified. Five main challenges were also observed: the validation of AI tools in radiology education, the learning curve, universities' aptitude to teach AI, the digitization of radiological images and how to include AI in radiology curricula. Conclusion: The necessity to update radiology curricula to include AI is a consensus. Time is required for development of the learning curve among AI developers, teachers and trainees. When and to what extent AI should be taught in radiology courses needs further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The wide use of the term Cognitive Reserve (CR) is in need of a clear and shared definition of its concept and of the development of new tools, quick and easy to use and updated for the people of today. This study describes the online short CRIq (s-CRIq), the new shorter version of the CRIq, following an item analysis revision, and compares the data distribution of different samples. Methods: The s-CRIq was administered online to 435 people while another 440 filled out the s-CRIq in self-administration. A further 588 participants had been administered the original paper-and-pencil long CRIq and 344 the online long CRIq. Results: The major difference in the databases of s-CRIq versus the long versions is an increased score in education and in leisure activity. However, the density distributions of the total score of CRI in the 4 databases share 64% of their areas, and at least two of them share 84%. Conclusion: The s-CRIq proved to be a simple and easy-to-administer tool. Similarly, to the original version, the s-CRIq is freely available on the web, and it is our hope that it will be of fruitful use for researchers and clinicians alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined the role of male partners in modern contraceptive use by women across clusters in South Africa. Its main objective was threefold. First, the present paper sought to test whether South African married women's modern contraceptive use is related to the influence of their husbands or male partners. Second, it examined whether modern contraceptive use is similar within clusters. Third, it tested whether group effects are spatially dependent among neighbouring clusters. It used the recent Demographic and Health Survey for South Africa as the data source to carry out the empirical analysis. On the one hand, the results confirm a positive and significant relationship between South African married women's modern contraceptive use with their partners' secondary education level, irrespective of the cluster in which they reside. On the other hand, the hypothesis that spatial dependence of random effects is not confirmed, leading to the conclusion that space only matters when it comes to spatial heterogeneity or group effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes, on a subjective basis, aspects of how to write scientific papers that will be accepted for publication in peer review journals. For each individual section of the manuscript, i.e. Introduction, Materials and methods, Results, Discussion, Abstract, and References, general comments and examples are given. It is concluded that writing scientific articles is a form of mental exercise that has to be practised to be successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the feasibility of a group-administered paper-and-pencil lexical-decision test as a plausible alternative or supplementary tool for the assessment of reading skills. Lexical-decision tests and oral-reading tests were administered to 130 Dutch students from primary grades 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Correlations were moderate to high in low grades, but declined in the high grades. The reliability of the lexical-decision test assessed by means of a test--retest procedure was generally good. A second presentation of the lexical-decision test caused repetition effects (i.e., better performance on the second test), but generally remained within reasonable limits. The presence of different numbers of pseudowords (25% vs. 75%) in both lexical decision and oral reading, indicated that a large number of pseudowords made oral reading harder, but lexical decision easier. Educational and clinical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces a call for papers for a special issue of the journal "Educational Studies in Mathematics" that will focus on research-based interventions in mathematics classrooms that are aimed at improving students' abilities to create mathematical proofs.

The use of simulation in surgical training is ever growing. Evidence suggests such training may have beneficial clinically relevant effects. The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of surgical simulation training on clinically relevant patient outcomes by evaluating randomized controlled trials (RCT). PubMed was searched using PRISMA guidelines: "surgery" [All Fields] AND "simulation" [All Fields] AND "patient outcome" [All Fields]. Of 119 papers identified, 100 were excluded for various reasons. Meta-analyses were conducted using the inverse-variance random-effects method. Nineteen papers were reviewed using the CASP RCT Checklist. Sixteen studies looked at surgical training, two studies assessed patient-specific simulator practice, and one paper focused on warming-up on a simulator before performing surgery. Median study population size was 22 (range 3–73). Most articles reported outcome measures such as post-intervention Global Rating Scale (GRS) score and/or operative time. On average, the intervention group scored 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.12 to 0.71, P = 0.005) points higher on a standardized GRS scale of 1–10. On average, the intervention group was 44% (1% to 87%, P = 0.04) faster than the control group. Four papers assessed the impact of simulation training on patient outcomes, with only one finding a significant effect. We found a significant effect of simulation training on operative performance as assessed by GRS, albeit a small one, as well as a significant reduction to operative time. However, there is to date scant evidence from RCTs to suggest a significant effect of surgical simulation training on patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper advocates for a shift from insular paternalism to developmental paternalism in education, contending that students' engagement with erroneous ideas is crucial for building the ability to resist harmful notions and support democracy. The proposed inoculative approach exposes students to problematic ideas, guiding them through the process of overcoming these beliefs using the pedagogy of relation. The author employs behavioral economics to explore the shortcomings of insular paternalism and the early Christian notion of metanoia to explain the importance of changing one's mind. This developmentally-informed approach fosters rational thinking and curbs extremist ideologies. The paper asserts that prioritizing an inoculative approach over an insulatory one equips students to navigate the complexities of the modern world and uphold democratic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes ecological systems theory as a conceptual basis for defining and examining the main aspects of 'system leadership' in a large-sized multi-school group, such as a multi-academy trust (MAT) in the context of England. The theory provides a sound framework for understanding the processes and interactions involved in this notion of leadership which is framed within an educational ecosystem as a complex set of interconnected elements. Such an approach focuses on MAT leadership strategies able to create and guide a holistic conception of educational change in the market-oriented and decentralised educational system of England. Data were drawn from interviews with eight MAT leaders and analysed alongside documentary evidence. The findings provide specific insight into the daily work of executive leaders acting as system leaders seeking to create and sustain achievement-centred and practice-focused systems MAT-wide. They demonstrate the social and developing as well as the organisational aspects of system leadership in MATs and the ways in which different elements of the environment influence executive leaders in thinking and acting systemically. This paper adds value to existing knowledge on MATs and the ways in which they are led by system players. It broadens the frame of reference of leadership beyond the individual school to consider features of the broader system and environment. Complexity and ecological perspectives provide essential tools to understand more deeply educational change and have the potential to analyse notions of leadership across multi-school groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 health crisis brought about transformations in education systems. In Chile, the ministerial authorities prioritized the school curriculum, stressing certain learning objectives over others. This paper seeks to uncover the social functions underlying curriculum prioritization for the subject of natural sciences. To do this, the functionalist approach to the sociology of education was adopted to analyse the prioritized curriculum for the subject in sixth grade elementary. Three dimensions were considered: (1) the principles of curriculum prioritization; (2) prioritized learning objectives; and (3) nonprioritized learning objectives. The presence of functions of creation (social consensus, social stratification, technical-modern development, human capital formation, and care for children and youths) was verified. As there has been no change in the curriculum that enables science education to address the current issues, the paper proposes that the social functions of science education should be resignified. Finally, examining the meritocracy and credentialism underlying the rationale for prioritization, the article finds that the social stratification attributed to education has increased rather than decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To children, nature is not only the shelter, savior, and life-maintaining force, but also the impressive world that they are involuntarily attracted to. The immense fascination with nature in children's literature shows the significance of such a relation. This paper seeks to examine two plays for children that deal with the relation between young girls and nature: Baba Yaga and the Black Sunflower (2000) by Carol Korty and The Girl Who Swallowed a Cactus (2020) by Eric Coble. Both plays do not merely highlight the importance of nature and the natural world, but also emphasize the relentless attempts of young girls to protect nature and reconcile with its inhabitants. The protagonists in both plays emerge as the central driving force; they embark on a journey to the natural world in which they find peace, understand the value of nature, and, finally, save the natural and the human world as well. Drawing upon ecofeminism, the paper aims to examine both plays as ecofeminist texts through analyzing the young girls' perception of the injustice done to the natural world and its dwellers, and their journeys that end with the reconciliation with nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Head-mounted displays offering 6° of freedom have not been sufficiently researched in terms of their impact on users' learning and skills. The issue is multi-dimensional, heterogeneous, and complex. The paper presents a scoping review aiming to map and review the existing literature on the matter. The areas in which they have been mostly used, the benefits, and the negative effects they may have had, were examined. Eighty-seven articles were identified and analyzed. Out of them, only fourteen were considered as having adequate statistical power. Most had relatively small sample sizes and number of interventions, while university students were the most frequent target group. The review identified a total of twenty-seven distinct learning domains in which head-mounted displays offering six degrees of freedom were applied, with medical science being the most common one. The results in the reviewed papers (in terms of knowledge or skills) demonstrated that these devices outperform other tools. Moreover, they appear to have a positive effect on users' engagement, motivation to learn, immersion, and enjoyment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the field of robots in medical education, most of the work done during the last years has focused on surgeon training in robotic surgery, practicing surgery procedures through simulators. Apart from surgical education, robots have also been widely employed in assistive and rehabilitation procedures, where education has traditionally focused in the patient. Therefore, there has been extensive review bibliography in the field of medical robotics focused on surgical and rehabilitation and assistive robots, but there is a lack of survey papers that explore the potential of robotics in the education of healthcare students and professionals beyond their training in the use of the robotic system. The scope of the current review are works in which robots are used as didactic tools for the education of professionals in health sciences, investigating the enablers and barriers that affect the use of robots as learning facilitators. Systematic literature searches were conducted in WOS and Scopus, yielding a total of 3812 candidate papers. After removing duplicates, inclusion criteria were defined and applied, resulting in 171 papers. An in-depth quality assessment was then performed leading to 26 papers for qualitative synthesis. Results show that robots in health sciences education are still developed with a roboticist mindset, without clearly incorporating aspects of the teaching/learning process. However, they have proven potential to be used in health sciences as they allow to parameterize procedures, autonomously guide learners to achieve greater engagement, or enable collective learning including patients and instructors "in the loop". Although there exist documented added-value benefits, further research and efforts needs to be done to foster the inclusion of robots as didactic tools in the curricula of health sciences professionals. On the one hand, by analyzing how robotic technology should be developed to become more flexible and usable to support both teaching and learning processes in health sciences education, as final users are not necessarily well-versed in how to use it. On the other, there continues to be a need to develop effective and standard robotic enhanced learning evaluation tools, as well good quality studies that describe effective evaluation of robotic enhanced education for professionals in health sciences. As happens with other technologies when applied to the health sciences field, studies often fail to provide sufficient detail to support transferability or direct future robotic health care education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]