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The paper first illustrates the contradictory results generated by two surveys - conducted respectively by the colonial Government in 1996 and the author/principal investigator in 1998. The author then argues that the requirement that applicants must be married couples is not well-supported and should be replaced by the criterion of `functional parenthood'. The author also argues in the paper that such a relaxation would also destablize the mythological dichotomy of 'homo vs. Chines&, which is predicated on (1) the misunderstanding that Tongzhi/Queer could not have any child(ren) and (2) the Han-Chinese traditional emphasis on reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth resilience is the product of multiple systems. Still, the biological, psychological, social, and environmental system factors that support youth resilience are incompletely understood. How these factors interact, and the situational and cultural dynamics shaping their interconnectedness, are also under-researched. In response, we report a multi-site case study that is instrumental to understanding multisystemic resilience. It draws on the insights of 52 youth from stressed, oil and gas communities in South Africa (13 young men; 8 young women; average age: 20.28) and Canada (19 young women, 12 young men; average age: 20.77). Deductive and inductive analyses show that youth resilience is informed by a biopsychosocial-ecological system of interacting resources that fit situational and cultural dynamics. This has implications for society's championship of youth adaptation to stressed environments, including less emphasis on individual resources and more on contextually responsive, systemic changes that will facilitate meso- and macro-system resistance to significant stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To estimate the cumulative incidence of self-reported suicide-related thoughts (SRTs) and suicide attempts (SAs) in males and females from 11 to 25 years of age in Canada.Methods: A cohort study was conducted by linking cycles 2 to 8 from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a representative survey of Canadians aged 11 to 25 years conducted from 1996 to 2009. The 11- to 25-year cumulative incidence of self-reported SRTs and SAs (with suicidal intent) was estimated in males and females using a novel application of a counting process approach to account for discontinuous risk intervals between survey cycles.Results: The risk of SRTs was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26% to 31%) in females and 19% (95% CI, 16% to 23%) in males. The risk of SAs was 16% (95% CI, 14% to 19%) in females and 7% (95% CI, 6% to 8%) in males. Over 70% of SRTs and SAs first occur between 11 and 16 years of age and 30% between 11 and 13 years of age, respectively.Conclusions: The risk of SRTs and SAs is high in young Canadians, with most events first occurring in early to mid-adolescence and possibly earlier. Females are at a higher risk compared to males. This research underscores the need for better longitudinal surveillance of SRTs and SAs in the population. A counting process framework could be useful for future research using existing longitudinal surveys suffering from design limitations relating to gaps in respondent follow-up. Furthermore, these findings have implications for younger SRT and SA risk management by clinicians and earlier implementation of suicide prevention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schools are often the only formal service provider for young people living in socio-economically marginalized communities, uniquely positioning school staff to support positive psychosocial outcomes of youth living in adverse contexts. Using data from 2,387 school-going young people [Canada (N = 1,068), New Zealand (N = 591), and South Africa (N = 728)] living in marginalized communities and who participated in the Pathways to Resilience study, this article reviews how student experiences of school staff and school contexts moderated contextual risks and facilitated resilience processes. Findings of these analyses affirm that school staff play an important role in moderating the relationship between resilience resources and community/family risk in both global North and global South contexts. Findings hold important implications for school psychologists, including the need to champion the ways in which teachers can scaffold resilience resources for young people through the quality of the relationships they build with students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the studies cited by several medical associations as a guide for warning parents about the pernicious effects of television is Brandon Centerwall's (1992) analysis of the effect of the invention and distribution of television on homicide rates. Centerwall claims that the introduction of television substantially increased homicide rates in the United States and Canada and that they remained relatively stable in South Africa until the ban on television was lifted. This article reports the results of a multivariate time-series analysis testing the alternative hypothesis that relationships involving primary groups are more important for understanding variations in homicide over time than the spread of television in a society. This hypothesis is supported in all three societies, with the significant positive effect of television reduced to insignificance after incorporating marriage-divorce ratios, divorce rates, and other variables. These findings constitute a serious challenge to Centerwall's thesis but continue to support traditional sociological perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]