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This paper analyses relations among FEDEDAM, Eureka Comitee and AFADEM during the 80s as a training space for memories of enforced disappearances. We examine from primary sources, some written some oral, the organisations’ trajectories and spots of memories’ production and circulation. We assert that within the common work concerning denunciation and search for justice, narrarives were made up as well as transnational memorial practices shared by parents’ organizations in Mexico and through the Latin American network issued by the federation.

This paper aims to study the historical experience of evil in Venezuela. From the history of the present time and the regimes of historicity, we inquire about the pernicious nature of the political and ideological mechanisms that, instituted by Chavismo, seek the subordination of the other, especially of those who oppose and resist it. Memory, testimonies and documentation thus allow us to show the institutionalization of violence and the use of evil as a political instrument.

This paper examines the history of Mexico’s native memory concept. To achieve this, three memorial phases are rebuilt : first, the emergence of the colonial past’s review as a historical trauma ; next, how the native Latin-American and Mexican movements have taken ownership of this past’s meaning in order to define their identity as “ancestral victims” ; and finally, the phase of such recognition within the new cultural plurality’s rhetoric.

This paper analyzes the origin, development and decline of Mixteca Alta’s agroecological and food system from the end of pre-Hispanic period till capitalism’s introduction, in the context of the Great acceleration which appeared indirectly in this region during the middle of the 20th century, when new roads were opened allowing local populations’emigration towards towns and industrial centers, that lead to the almost complete disapperance of sustainable “solares” (vegetable gardens) and the rapid expansion of food practices different from local diets.

This paper deals with memory’s sense and memorial politics that have arisen in Mexico during the Andrés Manuel López Obrador's administration since 2018. Based on the concept of memorial regime, we shall see that one of the actual politics’s singularities is the foundation of a public culture of repentance and the establishing of memory institutions which concern Colonial Era’s memory as well as Mexican national history.

This paper deals with semantic variations and monumental representations of San Martín among Argentinian state’s liturgies between the 19th century and today in order to analyze the relationship between changing institutional contexts and political as well as intellectual operations revolving around a fixed radication in national imagination and public uses of his image established by state elites and social groups which strengthened the political and cultural fight in contemporary Argentina.

In 2021 the activities and speeches which celebrated the bicentenaries of Latin American independences were complemented in certain countries by a strong radicalisation. This paper explains why this process took place in 2021 and proposes what should be done to prevent historiographical accounts from promoting exclusion nationalism favouring instead the creation of plural and inclusive societies.

This paper tries to demonstrate that the documentary Montaña de luz (Guillermo Centeno, 2005), which praises the great achievements of the Cuban program of international medical aid, is representative of the ICAIC's tradition of propaganda cinema. The paper also tries to demonstrate that this movie, which insists on solidarity with developing countries, is paradoxically pervaded by a colonial imaginary.

The search for the place from which the poem in mother tongue can be pronounced, blends with the search for the country not yet found. Poems by several authors between 2013 and 2019 protest against this absence. This paper raises questions about this place and the language traits observed during its poetical enunciation. Through their writings, poets propose a historical experience of revolt. I shall examine Vinagre: uma antología de poetas neobarrocos (2013), poems by Lu Menezes (2016) and Tatiana Pequeno (2019), texts that have managed to give an answer through their own poetical language to the street’s social protest shoutings.

Throughout the second half of the twentieth century, Central American poetry was characterised by accompanying and promoting social movements that sought to transform repressive and exclusion political systems. At the end of the armed conflicts in the region (Peace Accords in El Salvador, 1994 and Guatemala, 1996) and the beginning of what critics call the “post-war” period, poetry seems to have lost its breath of social protest. In this paper, we intend to study the current poetic discourses (1990-2020) in Guatemala and El Salvador which, through different options from those expressed in the 1960s-1990s, are inscribed in the ideological struggles to prevent the expression of local and global political and economic power.

In this paper we present a detailed reading of the poetic exercice submitted by the Mexican writer Fernando del Paso in his novel Noticias del Imperio (1987). This exercice is set in chapter XVI.1 called “Adiós Mamá Carlota” and based upon the account of the gardener Sedano, a peripheral character. We shall only study the functions and scopes of the gardener’s discourse whose allegation, according to us, implicitly reveals two sorts of readings which we have categorized as: performative and historical.

In 1985 during the period called “democratic transition”, in the Argentinian province of Tucumán begins the publishing of a comic book called Pucará. Pucará adopted then a specific position to justify its inscription in the history of Argentinian comics, read and reinterpreted in a nationalistic and military key. This paper aims to replace it in its context and to tackle the concept of “tradition” of the so called “national comics”.

Nearly 50 years after the release of Mafalda’s first edition in France, it is worth considering whether French readers today perceive its political dimension. This paper presents some thoughts about traces of historical context and manifestations of political compromise in this classic comic strip, created by Quino and initially published in the Argentinian press between 1964 and 1973. It pays special attention to the amount of impact it created among the readers depending upon certain translations and publishing options.

This paper studies the work of Brazilian writers Lourenço Mutarelli and Marçal Aquino to consider issues related to text and image. The selected works are O grifo de Abdera (“Abdere’s griffin”, 2015), and O Invasor (“The Trespasser”, 2002). To analyze the complexity of these novels we mainly rely on the typology of intersemiotic transposition proposed by Leo H. Hoek and the concept of novelization introduced by Jan Baetens. We also mention the research of Vera Lúcia Follain de Figueiredo, in order to replace the dialogue between literature and cinema in the Brazilian context.

Climate change poses a double threat to Latin America, both to agricultural production and to the exploitation of its main comparative advantage ; fossil resources. This paper’s aim is to tackle the technological convergence/divergence in Latin America between the hydrocarbon and agrifood value chains in a context of energy transition. This theoretical work is based on existing literature.

This paper focuses on the armed conflicts in Central America in the late 70s and 80s, as they relate to the so-called “turn to the left”, which began with Hugo Chávez in 1999. It suggests a reading based on the economic and political history of Venezuela, taking into consideration its development strategy of using oil revenues to break tax dependency from oil. It is in fact the story of a mainly pragmatic nationalism with a social democratic orientation that completes a virtuous circle by the oil industry nationalization in 1976, only to find itself trapped in the limitations of its conflicting strategy; and, with the turn of the century, leading the country into the hands of a successful convergence operation between the traditional authoritarianism of military lodges and the totalitarianism of Soviet-cuban inspiration.

This paper’s main purpose is to present a brief analysis of transformations that have taken place in the hydrocarbon production circuit in Brazil, especially after the discovery of large reserves in the Pre-salt. It also seeks to identify how this important event has opened different horizons for an energy transition in Brazil. Finally, it examines the effects provoked by the political crisis around 2010 and the reemergence of neoliberal policies with Bolsonaro’s government upon the dynamics of hydrocarbon circuit and energy transition.

This paper, based upon historical sociology, deals with the building of a national memory through the ephemeris established in the Asunción nomenclature during recent history (1942-2007), and achieved via three historical steps (military nationalism-Stroessner Era-transition). This dates contribute to complete the construction of the official national memory. Nation is remembered through thirty-one street names : seventeen refer to war events, six to religious ones, five to events dealing with foundations or “births” and three represent civic nature.

This paper aims to analyse actors and meanings that, either from civil society or from the State, were displayed around the possible memories of the Stroessner-Era. It studies the memory conflicts in the social dynamics through the commemorations of the fall of the stronist regime on February 2nd and 3rd (1989). During this period of thirty years, four historical cycles were established and concluded that there is a shift from the discourse of “national reconciliation” to one whose main line is the demand for justice regarding human rights’ violation.

This paper tries to understand how bilingual poetry considers relations between languages in Paraguay. In the first part, we shall introduce bilingualism’s issues and their consequences in bilingual poetry’s forms. In the second part, we shall focus on poetical discourse as dialogue’s support and developper of tensions between both languages. Finally, we shall analyze how the problematization of these linguistic relationships allows intercultural expresions that explore an anthropological and poetical thought.

This paper examines Paz Encina’s work in the re-elaboration of historical memory concerning the State repression in Paraguay, based upon her researches in the Terror Archive. From her own treatment of these data, this artist developped an audio-visual creation mode particularly determined by sound, and above all the human voice and its presence effects in relation to missing bodies.

This paper explores three Mexican fiction feature films internationally released in 2011: Miss Bala, Days of grace and El Infierno. The movies propose three different criminality’s representations related to drug trafficking. Therefore, we try to draw various archetypes of the drug dealer’s body in films. How do filmmakers depict their character, their physical appearance and metamorphosis and their integration into a group? To what extent are these accusing portraits? Do they contribute to maintain the attraction towards this figure, fictional as well as real?

Next to mass-medias’ diffusion of drug trafficking culture, as well as published journalistic investigations about the cartels, some authors of chronicles, novelists and storytellers looked for – and found – literary expressions that go beyond fascination and horror denunciation. The non-fiction novel Campos de amapola. Antes de esto by Lolita Bosch takes a clear and firm position against violence. Los trabajos del reino by Yuri Herrera bets upon fable’s poetry; Señor de Señores by Miguel Tapia parodies the Leviticus to evoke chastisement discourse. This paper deals with esthetic effects and eventual ethic interrogation of these works.

This paper aims to define the material and cultural practices of the independent Latin American publishers of the 21st century, a phenomenon that has recently captured the Academy’s attention, from the categories of literary theory and criticism, in dialogue with the sociology of culture. Thus, we will focus on the Argentinian case to delimit a series of concepts that explain the literary, political and social values of independent publishers: anachronism, aura, community, bibliodiversity, decolonial materialism, gatekeeper.

In this paper, I present one of my focus of research dealing with remote government as part of the Hispanic Monarchy: analyzing Philippines’ case, I try to identify the mechanisms of connections between different parts of the “empire” and the options followed – or rather the trial-and-error methods – to establish a Castilian dominion in Asia. One aspect of this issue lies in the role of religious institutions within the government, specially the bishop’s and diocese’s role, while in Asia relations with the Portuguese were still at odds. I study the geopolitical implications of the creation of Manila’s diocese, and how the bishopric was an adjustement variable in the search for a good government in the Philippines. I also try to explain Domingo de Salazar’s appointment as first bishop of the Philippines, a Dominican friar, defender of the Indians, who turned out to be a real statesman.

This paper aims to analyze how Latin-American travel novels deconstruct the ideology of European stories that legitimize a certain speech about peripheral countries. In order to do so, we propose to follow César Aira’s (1993) discussions about the stages of construction of the exotic through literature. It can be seen that self-fiction is a strategy, since it promotes a kind of anarchitextuality, an anarchy in the genre’s « architextuality » (Génette, 1982), breaking the testimony pact, truth’s factual discourse and the narrative’s linearity.

In the first pages of Tristes Tropiques, Lévi-Strauss dismisses the enterprise which he decides to adopt: narrate the story of his exploration voyage and his ethnographic quest in Amazonian territories. The western tradition places at the origin of this literary range some Greek authors, with Herodotus in the first place. How can the connection between Herodotus and Lévi-Strauss be established? Why does the problem of voyage haunt Lévi-Strauss right away? What kind of echo, different, does this concept find along the first Greek prose work that has been preserved? Lévi-Strauss’s brief paper, « Herodotus in the sea of China » (1987), reveals, though it seems only a mere note, the extent of the anthropologist’s debt towards his Hellenic predecessor.

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the written culture was winning recognition within the traditional personal mediation made by small-town actors in the resolution of conflicts. Therefore, we will analyze a gazette created by lawyers interested in spreading legal and administrative knowledge to actors of small cities and towns, as well as to support rural communities in the handling of procedures and administrative forms to achieve success in their agrarian affairs.

This paper studies the Atacama desert’s southern region and the territorial changes which ocurred between 1870-1930 in relation to water resources, focused on the modification of the level of demand due to the region’s incorporation and its mineral production. This change implied the settlement of thousands of workers and the transformation of water needs, thus turning it into an essential resource for capitalist production.

This paper analyses the spanish reformer Ramón de la Sagra’s opinion about Cuban society concerning its division into races and castes in the middle of the 19th century, a notion that is largely represented in the texts he wrote about slavery in the island. Through this, this article aims to demonstrate up to what point this author reproduced the typical racial theories of his time and how he perceived the colonial society. Cuba, 19th century, Caste, Race, Ramón de la Sagra

This paper introduces a sample of Central American literary production and a sample of spanish speaking Caribbean Islands’ poets refering to Sugar cane. A Central American production which seems less abundant than that of the Caribbean zone in spite of the fact that it begins in the 18th century with the Jesuit poet Rafael Landívar. In the 20th century, sugar cane including its labor and derived products, is represented in the texts of the “criollistas” narrators and poets. Paradoxically, while the sugar production becomes more important for agro-exportation, it “disappears” from literature which takes hold of different urban themes or those related to the political violence instead. However, in the most recent productions of Caribbean poems, an innovation appears in the treatment of this topic that, from the traditions, adapts itself to modern forms of transmission.

In this paper we analyze the collaboration and complicity existing between Chinolope’s “fulgurant bull’s-eye” and Lezama Lima’s literary fullness when he comments his friend’s photographic imagination concerning sugar mills. It’s the testimony of a splitting that will be published in 1987 under the heading Temporada en el ingenio, thus revealing opposite aspects and resistances.

This paper studies Cuba’s presence in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) from documents reviewed in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs archive. Internal and external motivations which Cuba claimed in order to obtain the leadership of NAM are established and anti-imperialism is identified as the banner which allowed the simultaneous gathering of its identities as a non-aligned country, socialist and underdeveloped. The crisis in Afghanistan questioned this anti-imperialism, henceforth debilitating Cuban status within the Movement.

Peasants cultivating sugar cane in the valley of Izúcar, Puebla (México) have gone through different stages in their relations with Atecingo’s ingenio and the Mexican government, from subordination and conflict to negotiation, trying to obtain their production’s autonomy. From sugar market’s deregulation, they have to cope with new challenges. In this paper, we present an analysis of the peasants’ replies in regard to economic liberalisation, taking into consideration their possibilities of reproduction or social exclusion as productive agents.

This paper carries out an analysis of Apache and Chichimeca Indians’ rebellions in the north of New Spain. They were enslaved in colonial Cuba from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. It presents a demystification of everything published on the subject till now, ending with the description of those rebellions’ development, challenging the Spanish authority in the island and its economic and social stability.

How may we report the religious diversification mainly through Pentecostalisms in Latin America by trying to construct the logics that underlie it ? The concept of religious field, elaborated by Bourdieu, permits to locate the actors in an investment logic whose stakes and challenges meet a specific interest, the mastery of the field’s reproduction by searching for symbolic and practical hegemony. Therefore, this paper doesn’t aim at describing all of the actors, but at thinking about a configuration of objective relations between positions held by diversified religious actors, relations which are determined by a main challenge which is the object of a war among competing organisations, in this case, the exercice of legitimate religious power in the region.

In this paper we carry on a reflection about how the “world” of Latin-American and Caribbean present beliefs and social-religious groups is analyzed, explained and interpreted. A new epistemological approach must recognize a hermeneutics which feeds upon the actors themselves and questions colonial paradigms. Indeed, capitalism has reconfigurated various religious modernities of which the Latin-American one is just one among others. This demands new categories to redefine concepts such as secularisation and secularity, and to reinterpret the narrow relations built in the continent between politics, culture, body, the economic aspect and the symbolic one, and the State above all.

From the beginning of his presidential mandate in 2006, Evo Morales has shown his loyalty towards a sumptous “indigenous religion”, very different from the “oppressed religion” of native Andean as identified by Liberation theologians during the 1970s. This paper questions the relevance of concepts such as “New-Indian religion” and “Andean religion” commonly used to name it. Instead of categorial attributions which label it as specific of Indian identity, we suggest to take into consideration its previous history (Indianism, Katarism…) as well as the political context in which it develops (State’s secularisation, conflicts with the Catholic church).

In Brazil, in less than three decades, the Pentecostals have become one of the main actors of national politics. Like in several other countries of Latin America, this has largely contributed to the reorganization of the religious field which was done in favor of Pentecostals. How is it possible to explain the increasing number of their congregants ? The reasons for their electoral triumphs ? Could they become a threat for democracy, as it has been often mentionned ? So many questions that this paper will try to answer.

Recounting the story of a remarkable case of runaway slaves escaping from Pará towards the Spanish territories on the second half of the 18th century, and based on documentation found in the General Archive of the Indies (Seville) and in the Arquivo Historico Ultramarino (Lisbon), this paper presents the contexts of the world of labor in the colonial Amazonia and analyses the historical conditions of coexistence between the natives and the African origin populations. The story of João da Silva and his comrade in arms Fernando de Rojas, has the virtue of gathering the diversity of actors who composed the history of border regions and also allows to discover other characters that made these same regions even richer by sheding light upon their relations, connections, choices, agreements as well as disagreements.

Father José Nicolino de Sousa is known as the founder of Oriximiná town, in Pará state. Nevertheless, he is always worshipped as a civilizing priest, omitting or ignoring his Indian ancestry and that he died among the Maroons. This paper analyses the historical facts and the memories concerning José Nicolino de Sousa, confronting the myths created about him with what historical sources reveal. The conclusion is that the settlement, which became Oriximiná, appeared long before the founding journey ascribed to the priest and that it is possible to establish a more complete historical narrative about the region, including subjects which have been ignored up to now.

Historiography considered the Portuguese colonial Amazon region as being a “land of Indians”. Scholars argued that African slavery was economically just not possible, due to the settlers’ poverty, and especially the region’s geographical isolation, which hindered the connection of this province with the main trade circuits of the Portuguese empire. However, besides the many references to Indians in the registers, colonial documentation frequently mentions Africans and Mestizos. Analysing colonial sources dealing with and produced in Portuguese Amazonia, and based on the specific economic and social dynamics of this region, this paper examines the construction of an ethnically diversified world of labour, where Indians, Africans and Mestizos were interacting in an inextricable way.

This papers deals with the “control” that Parà and Maranhão’s authorities tried to exert upon Indigenous populations in accordance with the Central Government’s rules concerning the border between the two harbor offices which was set on the Turiaçu river, as well as a larger control of populations in Turiaçu’s region between 1790 and 1830. In this vast border territory, runaway slaves, soldiers, deserters and natives knew the local geography and took advantage of the refuges provided by forests and rivers. Therefore, many of these individuals turned this region into their den where they settled in large and complex Maroon comunities.

Investigating some works of Brazilian Romanticism, designated as “pre-Modernist” Regionalism and Modernism, this paper dwells upon the parties concerned by the intellectual debates from the turning of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th, aiming to prove how part of the arguments used either by artists or critics obliterated relevant gaps in order to understand the tensions which arose from the modernization processes in progress. We discuss, then, how Brazilian literature produced modern art before reaching Modernism, conscious that this fact is frequently ignored.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the contribution of geography teaching in Nation-state building in Peru during the Oncenio of President Augusto B. Leguía. This particular period proved to be a significant step toward centralized public schooling as well as for the circulation and appropriation in Peru of a “renewed or new geography” whose theoretical concepts and methodology had been strengthened since the end of the 19th century in Europe.

The educational effort made by the authorities in power in Peru since the Bourbon era was mainly for men but quickly drifted toward women. They received a different education, according to social and gender norms in force then. However, when accessing legitimate culture, new possibilities opened for some of them. This paper analyzes the role of education and access to a diploma and a profession in the Peruvian women’s emancipation process, particularly by studying the trajectories of teachers and midwives during the 19th century.

This paper analyzes the judicial proceedings of first instance in cases of vagrancy led by the Mayors and Judges Parochial Manizales during the first two decades of existence of this border region of Antioquia authority. The aim is to show the state attempts to control a population through sanctions, penalties and fines imposed on violators of police. Our hypothesis is to show that the summaries were prosecuted how officials attempted to correct behavior that they considered immoral and educate them in a pedagogy of work that eliminated activity and vice.

This paper analyzes the humorous rewriting of the apocalyptic discourse in Cristóbal Nonato (1987) by Carlos Fuentes. The revolutionnary utopia of the traditional apocalyptic discourse is questionned through the novel’s radical scepticism. However, Mexico’s scatological and grotesque portrait, submerged by garbage and excrements, does not prevent literature to fulfill a redemptive function in a postapocalyptic society where the end is no longer imminent but immanent (Kermode).

In Venezuela since the elaboration of the first textbooks in the nineteenth century until today, History’s teaching has been part of an important process including discussion and reflection about the contents and the adopted didactic strategies. This paper aims to review the fundamental aspects concerning the deficiencies and recurring problems in History’s teaching and to analize the tensions and conflicts brought about by study options and contents related to Venezuelan History in the textbooks, formulated and distributed by the actual Venezuelan government.

This paper studies Juan Rafael Mora’s making to turn him into a hero of the Costarican nation, because of his participation in the war against the North American filibuster William Walker (1856-1857). It shows that Mora himself started this process and analizes the memorial circumstances during which the character’s heroic attributes were forged, from 1850 till today. In each circumstance, its instigators, protagonists and the social and historical context are identified.