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This article is a reflection on the processes of land regularization enacted by the section 68 of the Temporary Constitutional Provisions Act of 1988 in Brazil and its deployment in the State administrative routines.We believe that new elements have been imposed and we should consider them when thinking about reparation policies and recognition of the recipients of these constitutional provisions. We use the expression "the battle of papers" to refer to the negotiations obstructed by the State notarial procedures. Efforts will be made to show the situations in which the struggle for social recognition challenges the idea in which it is conceived that the runaway slaves demand is merely territorial. Observed in their various confrontations, these processes conceal a moral vocation, led by the runaway slaves, that overflows the logical demand for the "World of papers" and allows us to visualize the tensions on the ways of materializing, moved from orality to writing, conducted by notions of science and permeated by notary logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the web tools used by two Colombian daily papers (El Tiempo, from Bogotá, and El País, from Cali) in order to interact with their readers. For our research we used a matrix to help us classify the abovementioned tools vis-à-vis the different extent of the interactions, the latter understood as the range of possibilities offered by the media to their users in order to modify, produce, and communicate content with both the original transmitters of information and other users. In the case of the papers herein examined, we found that, in spite of the fact that they do offer tools which in fact do bring about interactivity, the latter revolves around three main aspects: adaptability, browsing, and feedback, whereby the user remains at a first level (that of reading the texts) but is not yet allowed to co-produce the content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To propose a criterion to determine the sample size in stochastic simulations of MC (Monte Carlo) and MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo), guaranteeing certain precision estimating parameters. It is intended that the accuracy is guaranteed in a dimensionless way. Materials and methods: This paper proposes a criterion is proposed that seeks to meet the stated objective. In addition, a methodology for its application. Results and discussion: The application of the methodology is presented in 3 different contexts: MC simulation in which the sample of interest presents moderate variability, MC simulation in which the sample of interest presents excessive variability, and MCMC simulation. In all cases, adequate estimates of the number of MC and MCMC runs are obtained from relatively small samples. Furthermore, the application of the methodology represents only a marginal additional computational cost. Conclusions: The criterion presented in this paper allows for determining the sample size in stochastic simulations, guaranteeing dimensionless precision in estimating parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes and discusses the implementation of a project-based undergraduate course on applied electromagnetics in electronics engineering with a conceiving-designing-implementingoperating (CDIO) approach involving active project-based learning (PBL). The course, which requires a combination of mathematical and physics concepts for its completion, allows students to understand the principles of electromagnetic transmission theory in wireless communication systems. This paper presents the course proposal, its project description, and results hinting at the relationship with the CDIO process. The proposed projects allow students to engage in core concepts such as complex vectors, Maxwell's equations, boundary conditions, Poynting's theorem, uniform plane waves, reflection and transmission of waves, waveguides, cavity resonators, and computerassisted design. The proposed methodology results suggest that students lowered their perception of the difficulty of the course, and most students recognized a better learning process of the core concepts for this course. In addition, students' final course grades showed an average improvement of approximately 6% compared with the final grades of other groups with different methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies the key dimensions in the evaluation of a public investment project of environmental transformation carried out in Moravia neighborhood in Medellín, Colombia. The Sustainable Development Goals approach is adopted through a modified five-dimensional scale applied to 197 inhabitants of the area of influence. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models were used to derive first and second order models that could be used to define the scale. From the model, the identification of appropriate variables that can effectively contribute to the recognition of sustainable development to optimize the destination of public resources, as well as the sustainability over time of the projects for a better design of public policies are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to put the Robert Spaemann proposal's in dialogue with the management literature regarding the incidence of trust in company costs. Methodologically, the text "Confianza" by Spaemann (2005) is used as a guide, and a systematic literature review is conducted to explore the relationship between trust and its influence on management costs. For this purpose, a hermeneutic method based on the proposal of Gadamerian dialog is used. The main results show that when there is trust within the company and its surrounding context, there is a decrease in costs associated with control and monitoring activities, as well as the management of relationships with its stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the entrepreneurship research activity that uses the institutional approach as a conceptual framework in the specific context of Latin America. To do so, a semi-systematic literature review is conducted using 24 articles published between 2009 and 2021 in major entrepreneurship journals. The results show that institutional conditions significantly shape entrepreneurial dynamics. The review highlights a two-way relationship between formal and informal institutions that can either drive or hinder ventures. Policymakers should thus prioritize a comprehensive institutional approach to enhance entrepreneurial growth and boost regional prosperity. This is the first review of entrepreneurship research from the institutional approach in the Latin American context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women silenced in the Assembly, prevented from asking their husbands in public, and having to bring their heads covered. All this points to a situation of subjugation of the woman/wife in relation to the man/husband. This textual situation, present in Paul's letters which are considered authentic, generally advocates a situation of gender equality, and raises questions about the figure of the Apostle and about the possibility of late textual interpolation in the Pauline letters. In this paper, we seek to analyze Paul's personality within his cultural and religious background. We also seek to identify who are the women with whom he worked in terms of apostolic and ministerial parity in order to understand the possible reasons for late textual interpolation in his written liberating message. The investigative procedure employed in this research is, mainly, the interpretative and analytic critique of the textual analysis. The main conclusions are that the Word of God is always a force of renewal capable of transforming the structures of a society. Wherever Paul went, this transformation took place in a germ. However, because of the incarnation process, the Word of God can suffer adverse forces, especially in the context of a sexist and misogynist society, making it possible, therefore, to think of textual extracts interpolated within the authentic Paulinum corpus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This reflection paper aims to show how synodality comes from the action of the Holy Spirit in us. Christian life is driven by the Spirit to recover the meaning of following Jesus Christ. Allowing the Spirit to lead and transform us as a Church through his faithful and creative action will help us make synodality a reality, a vital ecclesial dimension already present in the first Christian communities, a fact that the epistles bear witness to. It is the action of the Spirit that makes a Church go on the move with a prophetic attitude of acting from the inside out, from the bottom up, reading the signs of the times. The action of the Spirit makes us men and women of prayer, a praying church in search of God's will. It is the Spirit who makes us capable of listening from the bottom of our heart to the voice of diversity, plurality, even criticism and opposition. The Spirit enables us to reach out to others, letting ourselves be found, and being there to meet with others. These are all real dynamics of listening to others. It is the Spirit who grants us the gift of discernment. The Spirit makes us capable of reading reality and discovering God's action in it. The action of the Spirit prepares us to have an attitude of service and dedication, to come out of ourselves and reach out to others, especially to the most vulnerable and unprotected. It moves us to liberation by making solidarity, justice, and peace real. We get to examine our behavior as believers by the action of the Spirit which makes us realize the characteristics and dimensions of our synodal experience as seen from a baptismal vocation perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the current research on the letter to Colossians. It proposes the status quaestionis of the most significant interpretations concerning the identity of the addressees, archaeological research, epistolary introduction, Christology and theology of the letter. Comparative studies of the cities in the Lycus Valley suggest that the recipients of the letter were people scattered throughout the region, but unlike Laodicea and Hierapolis, only the humblest city in the valley was mentioned in the initial greetings. Numismatics and epigraphy highlight Colossae's secondary role. However, since the tell of ancient Colossae had not yet been excavated, scholars await further archeological evidence. Regard ing the epistolary introduction, current studies focus on the understanding of hope and the use of memory. The various attempts made to identify the opponents and the error of Colossians illustrate the methodological difficulties in studying the letter. For a suitable historical reconstruction of Paul's opponents, they may need a more balanced approach, distinguishing thoroughly both the historical situation and rhetorical situation. The exegetical-theological studies on the Christological Hymn of the last twenty years are fewer in number than those of a socio-historical nature. However, among the former, those that focus on the rhetoric and argumentation theory offer a holistic perspective more suited to understanding the letter. Rhetorical studies on the Christological Hymn of Col 1:15-20 have made it possible to overcome the one-sided perspective based on the correction of a possible heresy contained in the letter. Recent rhetorical and theological studies have also contributed greatly to identifying the features of the Christological μυστήριον. The study of the Christology of universal lordship has helped researchers to clarify the distinctive aspects of the letter's soteriology and eschatology. If diachronic exegesis has multiplied the hypotheses about the composition of the letter, the synchronic approach has offered a better articulated perspective on the mystery of Christ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been limited research about the impact of ballot paper design in multiparty elections and effects of information or training over the invalid vote and the vote mistakes. This study was to measure the effect of training and ballot paper design on the probability of invalid vote and vote mechanism compression. There has been applied three quasi-experimental designs with different samples, the first experiment (60 volunteers) to design a post test and control group were the hypothesis was rejected because the training doesn’t reduces the likelihood of invalid ballots. The second experiment (172 volunteers) with a post-test design, a control group and two experimental treatments with different groups where the hypothesis of ballot paper decrease the likelihood of invalid ballots was also rejected. The third experiment (60 participants) with a 2x2 factorial design showed that the priming obtained through the instructional design of the on separate large sheet decreased the percentage of null vote even in cases where voters had no experience with the electoral system. The importance of the pedagogical ballot paper design and other items that are part of the voting system in the light of consumer psychology and behavioral economics are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Calculate the required personnel and resources needed to fulfill the service promise agreed with the customer. Methods and materials: This paper presents a discrete event simulation (DES) model developed to select and implement a Point of Sale (POS) for a company providing financial products. First, the paper shows the characterization of the system components and times per process. Then, hypothesis testing and goodness-of-fit statistics are estimated. Subsequently, the simulation scenarios assess the times between arrivals and the number of commercial advisers. Results and discussion: This model allows us to assess the allocation of resources to fulfill the service promise, which is that 80 % of customers must be served within one hour or less. This paper provided the service isoquants allowing us to observe the behavior of the performance metrics (service promise fulfillment) among different scenarios. Conclusions: The use of DES techniques allows for the evaluation of the assignment of personnel to achieve the fulfillment of the service promise, including facilities, equipment, and the evaluation of related processes. These methods can be extended to the analysis of resource allocation in the development of other processes, observing the relationship between service quality and operating costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this paper is to present a review of specific cases that reported lead concentrations in blood, objects, food, soil, bioindicators, air, and water in specific places in Colombia and evaluate the reported concentrations against target values. Materials and Methods: A systematic qualitative literature review of publications between 1995 and 2019 was done; using Boolean operators 1571 papers were identified, to which 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria were applied. A total of 57 studies met the defined criteria. The reports in these studies were geolocalized and compared with acceptable values. Results and Discussion: Results suggest that lead is present in all environmental matrices, widely distributed in the Colombian territory, and that 72 % of the cases exceeded regulation limits. The percentage of noncompliance per environmental matrix was 89 % for blood samples, 71 % in food, 63 %, in soil, 89 % for bioindicators, 60 % for air, and 55 % for water. Conclusion: These results show that lead pollution is a large-scale problem in the country, more systematic studies are needed, and control measures, policy-making and regulatory updating should be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim of providing public, empirical data on the psychology undergraduate education offered by the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina from a socio-bibliometrical perspective, we conducted a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the mandatory readings of the 22 compulsory undergraduate syllabi of the basic and professional cycles (N = 2572) at the psychology program, retrieving information on 12 socio-bibliometric indicators, and comparing our results with studies of previous decades. Our findings indicate a hegemonic and almost exclusive predominance of psychoanalytic texts and authors, a decrease in other theoretical orientations, in texts published in recent years and in papers from refereed journals, an increase in authors with a psychology degree, and a literature obsolescence of more than 35 years. We conclude on the legal and socio-institutional implications of such a situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the reasons and motivations behind several educational figures in the constructing of hybrid methodologies through combinations based on entrepreneurship education as a method. A qualitative exploratory study wa s carried out, and data was collected through 19 semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed through a discourse analysi s technique which made it possible to appreciate that hybrid methodologies are built as part of a contextualization process that seek s to apply correctly the methodologies concerned to the educator's culture, context, and even personal style present at the time. The understanding of the role that an educator's context plays in his or her choice of contents and teaching approaches could help to avoid biases and create transformational education practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the effects of perceived Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on trust; and the effects of the last one on consumer loyalty during the health contingency due to COVID-19. A variance-based structural equation model is estimated using a sample of 72 consumers. The results show that CSR actions increase trust and, in turn, this has a positive effect on loyalty. The originality of this study lies in the way loyal consumers were identified, since loyalty levels prior to the analysis were considered, so that only consumers who reported shopping in the same retailing before and during the health contingency were taken into account, which provides a better approximation of the phenomenon studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the causes that lead university students to abandon their careers as well as the reasons that would drive their return. With the application of the Net Promoter Score (NPS) metric, it was found that 301 (69.95 %) of the 551 students who left the institution did not return. The economic factor (56.8 %), the academic organization (20 %) and health (13.6 %) were identified as the main causes of student dropout. Students would be willing to return if better technological platforms were implemented (27.2 %), if tuition and enrollment costs were reduced (31.8 %), and if a job bank were made available (27.3 %). Promoter (23.6 %), passive (34.9 %) and detractor (41.5 %) students were identified; the promoters are those who are willing to recommend the educational institution and at the other extreme are the detractors who are capable of harming the image of the institution. In conclusion, the intention to return to their studies depends on the type of student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the understanding that older women in Cafam Day Center (Centro Dia Cafam) of Bogotá have of their spirituality and its function in their lives. It is the result of a field investigation in which theology and nursing teachers took part. The study's purpose was to offer academic elements to improve the spiritual accompaniment of older women in the medical environment and in geriatric pastoral work. Studies of this nature underline the description of the spiritual experience of the older individual, but ignore the analysis of the spiritual quality that rules the lives of these persons. Our study analyzes the types of divine representation that support the spiritual universe of older women who attend the Cafam Day Center, the types of spirituality derived from such representations and the spiritual risks inherent to a situation in which gods and spirituality merge into a retributive dynamic of fear and obedience. The study bases itself on the theoretical dynamics of the transcendental anthropological method whose premise states that the human being is able to have a deep inner experience of God's reality, a transcendental experience that takes place with no other mediation than ourselves, while God's reality takes place in an act of self-communication. The study bases itself on the theoretical dynamics of the transcendental anthropological method whose premise states that the human being is able to have a deep inner experience of God's reality, a transcendental experience that takes place with no other mediation than ourselves, while God's reality takes place in an act of self-communication. This paper is divided in three parts: first, it presents the research method, which is followed by the explanaition of its procedure (participants and procedure implemented in the construction of data); and it concludes with the presentation of the results and some conclusions drawn from the investigative process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To propose a methodological procedure that serves as a guide for applying techniques in the measurement uncertainty evaluation, such as GUM, MMC, and Bayes; in addition, to develop an application in a nontrivial case study. Materials and methods: In this paper, a set of steps are proposed that allow validating the measurement uncertainty evaluation from techniques such as GUM, MMC, and Bayes; these were applied as a strategy to evaluate the uncertainty of an indirect measurement process that sought to determine the level of a fluid by measuring the hydrostatic pressure generated by it at rest on the bottom of a container. The results obtained with each technique were compared. Results and discussion: the use of the GUM was found to be valid for the case under study, and the results obtained by applying the Bayesian approach and the MC technique provided highly useful complementary information, such as the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the measurand, which enables a better description of the phenomenon. Likewise, the posterior PDF obtained with Bayes allowed us to approximate closer values around the true values of the measurand, and the ranges of the possible values were broader than those offered by the MMC and the GUM. Conclusions: In the context of the case under study, the Bayesian approach presents more realistic results than GUM and MMC; in addition to the conceptual advantage presented by Bayes, the possibility of updating the results of the uncertainty evaluation in the presence of new evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Estimate an optimal policy for the blood platelets supply chain distribution problem using a vendor-managed inventory problems approach. Methods and materials: This paper uses an integrated simulation-based optimization model to develop a Vendor- Managed Inventory approach for blood platelets. Simulation is used to estimate the performance of a defined inventory policy. On the other hand, a genetic algorithm finds optimal or near-optimal inventory policies. This approach is evaluated using a case study inspired by a real blood center in Colombia. Results and discussion: Using the proposed approach, key indicators in the blood supply chain such as total cost and outdated units are significantly improved while maintaining the service level. In terms of costs, the VMI model shows a 19.19% advantage over the non-VMI solution. Moreover, the proposed VMI solution can reduce by 42.25% the number of expired platelets. Conclusions: Using a VMI-based distribution system and a simulation-based optimization approach with genetic algorithms offers promising results in the proposed use case. This mixed methodology allows for flexible system configurations without the need for complex changes in the algorithm, and it does so without the need for excessive computational resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this paper, the photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen was evaluated using silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a cylindrical-parabolic composed photoreactor. Materials and methods: Titanium dioxide was synthesized via green synthesis using Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract and doped by silver photodeposition. Results and discussion: Morphological information shows that large agglomerates of approximately 49 nm can be attributed to the strong interaction between nanoparticles and their polycrystalline nature. The photodeposition of metallic silver reduces the surface effects, allowing a decrease in the electrostatic interaction and diameter size of the titanium dioxide, as well as the optical properties due to surface poising during the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver. The photocatalytic activity was performed to degrade acetaminophen as the drug model under visible-light radiation. The results are promising, with superior photodegradation of acetaminophen of approximately 37% and 11% for unmodified titanium dioxide and silver-doped titanium dioxide (0.75 at%) nanostructures compared to the commercial photocatalyst, respectively. Conclusions: Accordingly, the potential photocatalytic application of silver-doped titanium dioxide nanostructures is highlighted and represents a promising alternative for the photodegradation of organic compounds from wastewater eluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper presents a joint application of systematic layout planning (SLP) and TOPSIS methods for the facility layout design of a power generation turbine parts repair workshop. The SLP method is an easy-to-apply tool that can consider both qualitative and quantitative criteria. Materials and Methods: In this case study, the SLP method is adapted for a future plant project that is not currently in place. First, instead of a materials flow analysis, the definition of the process flow, as well as the department requirements, is carried out. Then, the closeness relationships between the process flow activities and the layout alternatives are determined. Finally, the TOPSIS method is applied to evaluate and select the best layout alternative according to the compliance with closeness relationships, the location of dangerous departments, the flow of operations, and the location of departments around a current electrical substation. Results and Discussion: The resulting facility design complies with the defined criteria, and its architectural and layout designs are presented using 3D software. Conclusion: The joint application of SLP and TOPSIS methods allowed us to obtain a proper facility layout design for the case of a power generation turbine parts repair workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to properly monitor the health status of the hydrological resources of a region, in terms of water contamination, a scalable and low-cost system is necessary to map the water quality at different locations and allow the prioritization of more sophisticated and expensive monitoring campaigns on those areas where a suspicious behavior seems to be occurring. This paper presents the design and implementation process of such an IoT-based solution for low-cost and scalable water quality monitoring applications. To achieve that end, we propose the utilization of a lowcost inter-digital capacitance (IDC) sensor to characterize the conductivity of the water, a very telling parameter about the level of pollution in the water. Additionally, an embedded method to measure such sensor was designed and implemented, which considers the requirements of a portable platform: low computational capabilities, small memory and low power consumption. Our results show that an IDC sensor is capable of detecting the changes of the capacitance of the sample, and therefore mapping the changes in the conductivity of the water. Additionally, integrating an embedded measuring method is a valid option for in-situ characterization of water samples and the complete solution enables a new paradigm for water quality monitoring in large scale scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thie main objective of this paper is the conceptual study and characterization of slow journalism from an academic and professional perspective. As a methodological process, a total of 76 files have been analyzed, of which 58 correspond to publications of authors from the academic world and 18 to journalism professionals. Thie publications come from the academic world on information and journalistic quality, on digital journalism and narrative journalism, as emerging journalistic routines with potential and creative dynamics in the media sector. Thie other part of the analysis corresponds to 18 professional journalism experts. Among the most outstanding results is the preeminence of the academic world when it comes to studying the phenomenon, given that among those who practice journalism there is less production of works in this regard compared to those coming from the university environment. Also in academia there is a greater profusion of denominations to refer to the phenomenon in Spanish, although both in academia and in the journalistic profession itself the most commonly used term is the Anglo-Saxon term slow journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Te Ckunza of the Lickan Antai people inhabiting Chile, Bolivia and Argentina has been declared extinct. However, it is argued that reconstructing the elements of the grammar could facilitate its revitalization. Tis paper seeks to account for these elements in the ckunza of San Pedro de Atacama. To this end, a review of the phonetic, phonological, lexical, semantic, morphological and syntactic elements of the Amerindian language will be provided. Tis analysis also informs about the agglutinative characteristic of Ckunza. Te corpus of this research comes from the samples collected by the pioneers in its study. Te aim of this review is to show the grammar of Ckunza, since its reconstitution will provide the rules that will allow the creation of new sentences that will contribute to its revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research-creation is a methodological proposal still under construction. It is surprising how the field of communication has been inserted in this discussion, although it was the faculties of arts, architecture and design who, at least in Colombia, initiated the debate that culminated with its institutional recognition. Thiis article makes a state of the art of research-creation in the Colombian audiovisual field, based, first, on a literature review and, second, on a look at the offer of postgraduate training in the country. For the review of scientific publications, the EBSCO and SCOPUS databases were used to retrieve documents in Spanish that included the terms "research + creation". Preference was given to publications containing reflections on the method or the conceptualization of research-creation itself. The final list contemplates a corpus of 65 documents, in which the levels that define the discussion are identified: epistemological, methodological and creative. For the review of the postgraduate offerings, the database of the National System of Higher Education Information -SNIES- was used, where the postgraduate programs that declared some component or emphasis on research-creation were selected. The analysis shows the approaches registered in the identified graduate programs. In sum, this paper aims to contribute to the discussion on the place of communication in the construction of research-creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Te objective of this paper is to contribute to the current theoretical and conceptual debates that address the technopolitical phenomenon. Specifically, it addresses the processes of appropriation and use of information and communication technologies that the new indigenous movements carry out in the Latin American continent, whose central purpose is to confront the colonial matrix of power that governs the functioning of the modern-modern-colonial-capitalist world system. It is found that technopolitics emerges as a praxis of antagonistic struggle in contexts of intercultural conflict, which demands the design of research agendas that attend to the specificity of local processes that, "from below", dispute the meaning of interculturality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade there have been several debates about the relevance of online news comments. While some question the hate speech that is verified in these spaces, others highlight the possibility of exchanging opinions. This paper proposes a methodological tool to measure the quality of online news comments, using a sample of 300 comments on highly visible websites in Portugal (Público; Sapo), Spain (El País; 20 Minutos) and Brazil (UOL; Folha S. Paulo). The results determine that commentators tend to use a little personal argumentation (82.3%), although relevant to the discussion in question (60.3%), with few grammatical errors (14.7%) or aggressive interventions (31.7%). Following the Online Comment Policy Evaluation Model (Known in Spanish as MPONC), it is concluded that websites with quality comment moderation systems attract more relevant and timely interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constitutes a reflective article arising from the research project entitled Learning two figurative uses in early childhood. Challenges and implications for education, funded by the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana between 2015 and 2020. It analyzes the need for early childhood and primary school teachers to make a conscious and explicit use of metaphors and idioms in their classroom pedagogical practices, taking into account the linguistic particularities that characterize these expressions and their relevance for learning from early ages. Likewise, a proposal is offered that allows the incorporation of metaphors and idioms in the classrooms of these educational levels, in a gradual and increasing way, taking into account the pragmatic comprehension skills of the children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the articulation between decoloniality and interculturality, it is necessary to analyze categories that include, on the one hand, historical aspects and, on the other hand, power relations and asymmetries. In this way, the need to assume a critical stance from the concepts of culture and coloniality becomes concrete. The objective of this article is to understand how western knowledge has generated a project of modernity, through discourses in which the construction of otherness goes through different processes of assimilation and incorporation of the other. These condition the adjustment of otherness, according to the dominant social standards, from essentialist conceptions, which ends in processes of differentiation and discrimination. The method used is the critical documentary review. The paper concludes that decolonization poses the challenge of dissociating itself from knowledge that distorts reality, and must distance itself from rationalities that fragment, classify, label and generate rhetoric with which social division is reinforced and segregation and exclusion are legitimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the incommensurable and incommensurable nature of subalternity, which materializes a position without an identity whose intelligibility is complex, especially when we try to access the configurations of its ontopolitical schema. Subalternity constructs a binary opposition to the nation-state. It is necessary to fight for the production of new criteria of legibility of the educational and cultural subject. This problem is reduced to an obstruction in its ontopolitical and existential rules of intelligibility of a wide constellation of specific heterogeneous groups amalgamated through political, structural, relational, contingent and historical issues that determine their units of cultural legibility. The method employed is that of critical documentary review, organizing a critical corpus of review works derived from intercultural studies, subalternity and postcoloniality. Each of them are key to promote other types of epistemological performances in this regard. Among the main findings and conclusions, we note that subalternity documents a deeper methodological problem: we do not know exactly what the cultural and political agency of such groups consists of. The only thing we should not forget is that we, educators, are at the service of subaltern groups, our task is to learn from their environment, to become a disciple of their cultural space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper proposes a critical review of the mental health category, given the challenges of migration. Objective: To review the recent scientific literature on the articulation of mental health and migration categories. Method: 36 scientific articles published between 2016 and 2019 were reviewed. They were selected through a systematic process of searching for scientific literature in the databases Pubmed, Ebsco, Science Direct and Scielo. It was made a qualitative analysis to characterized and identified trends and particularities in research. Results: the approach to mental health is mainly focused on problems, symptoms and mental illnesses. The articles are eminently quantitative and specific to the health area. They were carried out in high-income countries that receiving migrants in vulnerable situations. It is observed differential effects between pre-migration and postmigration, and between men and women migrants as well. Other papers studying the particular impact on children and adolescents, or the role of social determinants in migration. Discussion and conclusions: the migratory phenomenon merits a critical review of the mental health category centered exclusively on mental problems and disorders. It is important to promote also a positive understanding of mental health in interventions with the migrant population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide theoretically elements to develop health models and systems in Latin America. Its objective is to analyze the attention models and the most relevant configurations of health systems, with a special focus in Primary Health Care (PHC) based models. Methodologically, a narrative no systematic review was made in databases and Google Scholar. For this purpose, it was used the following keywords: models, configurations, paradigms, and theories/health. Papers with holistic information considered relevant and appropriate were selected. For the analysis, first, a hierarchic classification of the distinct approaches identified was made. Second, classic models defined in the literature were studied. Finally, a critical analysis about some models related to PHC in Latin America and distinct modalities of attention in the 21st century was made. With regard to the structured relationships necessary to reorient the health system, it was concluded that these must be grounded in PHC approaches, and oriented toward a "communitarian attention model" to organize services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Latin American journals of psychology indexed in the Journal of Citation Reports (JCR), are generally edited by professional associations of psychologists, universities and private foundations. This paper analyzes the positioning strategy adopted by the Professional Association of Psychologists of Madrid, regarding the psychological journals in the area in which they edit. The methodological approach taken to explore the topic uses socio-bibliometric techniques gathering numerical data, and then using that data to perform analyses for a well-informed description of what the topic might be. The results reveal that journals, whose editor or co-editor was Professional Association of Psychologists of Madrid, have increased their visibility in recent years, in both, the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR= 8 journals) and that of the Journal of Citation Reports (JCR= 7 journals) with a greater citation count for its articles, and a higher number of views and downloads for the papers published in its journals. The conclusion is, that the positioning strategy adopted by the Professional Association of Psychologists of Madrid was an effective one, involving the unification of certain rules relating to the edition of articles in their journals, the professionalization of editorial management, the electronic publishing with digital publication of journals and using the open access publishing model for scholarly communication that makes research information available to readers at no cost, as well as their integration in the list of international databases. Although a broader strategy concerning gender equality is recommended, the Spanish professional association of psychologists still stands today as the main editorial group of psychological journals indexed in JCR and SJR of Spain [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview on the history of the earliest applications of psychological practices in the two main mental institutions linked to the Assistance for Psychopaths in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the beginning of the 20th Century. This encompassed a range of clinical practices that employed psychological techniques and tools thought as having a curative effect on the causes or symptoms of mental illness. Mental hygiene doctors used those techniques as well, with the biopolitical goal of averting illness and any consequent risk and social danger. The techniques are analyzed in their relation to the modernization project of Brazilian nation and to the problem of what was then understood as its "degenerated population". The main objective of the paper is to investigate the role of Psychology in Brazil in the early 20th Century. The results appoint an effective interrelation between the raise of scientific legitimacy of Psychological knowledge and technology and the integration of Psychiatry within different nation's modernization projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the media framings from which National Geographic Magazine -NGM- (1903-1926) contributed to the construction of the identity of Colombians at the beginning of the 20th century. The main argument of this paper defends the idea that the media framings found are directly supported by the ideologies of Manifest Destiny and Positivism. By means of the rhetoric strategy of appropriation, the framings found promote two values associated with the Manifest Destiny: the virtue of the institutions of the United States and the mission to transform the world in accordance with the values professed by this country. Regarding the ideology of positivism, the media framings reproduce this ideology through the rhetorical strategy of classification, given that the reports observe the identity of Colombians through the lens of the scientific theory of Darwinism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1960s were the scene of the most transcendent documentary cinema that has been produced in Cuba. In a cinematography led by men, the name of an only woman director stands out, Sara Gómez, whose sensitivity allowed her to represent, from a singular use of lmic language, the social otherness of her time. is paper intends to understand the dramaturgical strategies used by this author to approach the subaltern subject in Cuba aer the triumph of 1959. Focused on the study of the documentaries Guanabacoa, chronicle of my family (1966) and On the other island (1968), the analysis uses the review of theoretical proposals on otherness in and dramaturgy of the documentary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In analyzing 1 Cor 1:26-31, this paper seeks to highlight the rhetorical power of the Pauline argument which states that most of the people God called to create the Christian community at Corinth are not "wise," "powerful," and "from a prestigious family," but "fool things," "weak things," "despicable things," and "things that are nothing." By revealing his wisdom and power in the cross of Christ, God chooses the weakness and madness of the world, destroying the foundations of human pride. The paper also shows that Paul's statements cannot be dissociated from the Greco-Roman culture's honor discourse, associated with power, gender, and social standing. In addition to wealth, associated with people of high social status, there was a hierarchy of values that included family lineage, connections with Rome, and cultural sophistication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the case of DOCUPERU, an organization that creates audiovisual contents intended to reect on the use of the collaborative documentary, which aims to promote an inclusive culture of active citizens. It is determined that the products designed by José Balado and his team result from collective actions that allow the marginal communities to gain access to some ways of self-representation, rebuilding their memory and speaking of their quotidianness. Firstly this paper presents an overview of the cultural agency. fien, it explains how these forms of amateur production have led to a new boost for the collaborative documentary. Finally, an interview to Balado is transcribed herein; this way he explains the fundamentals making possible to create such collective life experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to analyze the studies conducted on people with disability under the approaches of rights and capabilities considering those aspects interesting in the public health field, such as the inequality, social justice, social determining factors, and well-being of collective groups. A narrative review of the both national and international literature concerning the disability was carried out under both the right approach and the capability approach. Searches were carried out based on keywords in Spanish, English and Portuguese. The quest for information provided 32 documents in total; regarding the approaches under study, 16 papers dealt with rights and disability, 11 papers with capabilities and disability, and 5 papers with both approaches. It can be concluded that the approaches of rights and capabilities have a dichotomous and non-linear relation. Regarding the disability, these two approaches indeed complement each other from their different fields, especially when it comes to cope with the barriers existing between people with disability in the spheres of education, employment and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta una introducción a la revista, en la cual se discurre sobre la transición de la publicación a un formato completamente digital.

The paper aims to understand the evolution of the Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Sustainability constructs according to different management research paradigms, as well as current tensions and future research possibilities. The methodology adopted is a tertiary review of the literature. The situation of the convergence of the two concepts, which makes it difficult to have clarity for the advance of research, and criticism towards both constructs (business case, self-fulfilling prophecy, invisibility of stakeholders, and reproduction of the capitalist paradigm of production and consumption), stand out as results. Future research perspectives are related to the deepening of each construct separately, the incorporation of other theories and disciplines into the analysis, and the integration of nonmainstream ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is two fold: First, an analysis of the direct effect of ownership structure and boards of directors on insider trading. Secondly, we examine the possible moderating effect the concentration of ownership has on the disciplinary role of boards in preventing this market practice. The results of the multiple regression and hierarchical multiple regression show the negative effect of both concentration of property and the portion of independent directors on insider trading. Regarding the moderating effect, there is evidence that the controlling roles on the boards are influenced by the concentration of property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the different dimensions of women's empowerment that can arise during the entrepreneurial process. It considers the changes in these dimensions as women advance in the development of their new ventures, differentiating characteristics according to the context (urban or rural). Another contribution refers to which empowerment factors developed by female entrepreneurs are key to reducing poverty. The proposal develops a multiple correspondence analysis and an ordered probit model, with data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Colombia. The results make it possible to identify what is needed to strengthen the empowerment of women through entrepreneurship, and the resources available for this. Furthermore, the relationship found between economic empowerment factors and family income provides evidence for the importance of empowerment for poverty reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the concept of human quality and deep human quality which, according to Catalan epistemologist Marià Corbí, expresses what was previously called spirituality. Deep human quality is a constitutive dimension of the human being, an anthropological fact that does not depend on religions. The text shows, in consonance with the axiological epistemology theory elaborated by Corbí, that spirituality is associated with ways of knowing that date back to pre-industrial period anthropologies. The wisdom traditions were born and constituted from a pattern that is no longer recognized in modern knowledge societies. The way of proceeding and acting in pre-industrial societies with all their cultural creations is framed by the idea of submission. In other words, deep human quality has to do with free inquiry and is therefore associated with modern knowledge societies, incompatible with beliefs, orthodoxies, and homogeneity. It demonstrates the role of speech and its function of grasping the relative dimension to our needs and another dimension not limited to our needs, i.e., the absolute dimension. As unfounded beings, the condition of speakers allows human beings to create their collective axiological projects, full of meanings of reality, values, interpretation of the world, and forms of survival. Speech, in this context, is a consequence of the human need for survival, a biological event, which allows the human-animal to develop its communication system without modifying its genetic programming or its morphology. Finally, the paper discusses the circumstances of deep human quality development in modern knowledge societies. Deep human quality, for Corbí, is usually defined by unconditional interest, distancing, silencing, and by free inquiry, community, and service. All-access to the absolute dimension as well as the cultivation of the deep human quality passes through unconditional interest, distancing and silencing, and free inquiry, community, and service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: this paper focused on: (i) developing a deterioration model based on support vector machines (SVM) from its regression approach to separate the prediction of the structural condition of sewer pipes from a classification by grades and predict the scores obtained by failures found in CCTV inspections; and (ii) comparing the prediction results of the proposed model with the ones obtained by a deterioration model based on SVM classification tasks to explore the advantages and disadvantages of their predictions from different perspectives. Materials and methods: The sewer network of Bogota wasthe case study for this work in which a dataset consisting of the characteristics of 5031 pipes inspected by CCTV (obtained by GIS) was considered, as well as information on external variables (e.g., age, sewerage, and road type). Probability density functions (PDF) were used to convert the scores given by failures found in CCTV into structural grades. In addition, three techniques were used to evaluate the predictions from different perspectives: positive likelihood rate (PLR), performance curve and deviation analysis. Results: it was found that: (i) SVM-based deterioration model used from its regression approach is suitable to predict critical structural conditions of uninspected sewer pipes because this model showed a PLR value around 6.8 (the highest value among the predictions of all structural conditions for both models) and 74 % of successful predictions for the first 100 pipes with the highest probability of being in critical conditions; and (ii) SVM-based deterioration model used from its classification approach is suitable to predict other structural conditions because this model showed homogeneous PLR values for the prediction of all structural conditions (PLR values between 1.67 and 3.88) and deviation analysis results for all structural conditions are lower than the ones for the SVM-based model from its regression approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to extend into the OpenAirInterface platform the Coordinated Scheduling (CS) technique to allocate resource blocks among User Equipment (UE) in a wisely way and to control the energy efficiency, the throughput, and the inter-cell interference for Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RANs). It is achieved by modifying the OpenAirInterface scheduler code, increasing the Remote Radio Unit (RRU) scalability, and employing some component carriers of the Radio Cloud Center (RCC), each one them with one or more UEs. The hardware utilized is composed of general-purpose processors and fast Ethernet transport ports, and the software is recent frequency-domain methodologies in a softwareonly environment where the use of radio units are not required. However, the USRP B200 mini-i radio unit and the UE (Samsung Galaxy S8) were considered only for validation purposes. The emulations using frequency-domain methodologies, compatible with fourth and fifthgeneration cellular systems, allowed real-time emulations and reduced 10-fold the multipath channel's signal processing complexity compared to time-domain methodologies. The results show we can emulate a real-time static coordinated scheduling proof-of-concept for one C-RAN composed of one RCC, three RRUs, and three UEs. In the end, it is evaluated the reproducibility and the scalability of synthetic networks composed of one RRU and at least one UE, without using software-defined radio units, reducing prototyping uncertainties of the physical hardware and the total price of the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. This research was developed in the framework of the Observatory on rurality and peace in pandemic and post-pandemic contexts, this paper presents advances of interdisciplinary research and reflections about collective health in the Antioquian subregion of Urabá, focused on rural contexts. Objective. To identify the integration/exclusion dynamics related to collective health in rural territories of the Antioquian subregion of Urabá, in the pandemic for COVID-19 context. Methods. The Scalar Model of Collective Health in Times of Pandemic was used as a tool for questioning epidemiological data and territorial readings, in dialogue with the voices of inhabitants and leaders of local social organizations. Results. Results allow to identify the dynamics of the pandemic in terms of integration/exclusion of the municipalities of the sub-region; the overlapping logics of legality and illegality in the territories; the amplification of impacts in territories with historical burdens of inequality; and the great limitations to achieve an effective level of governance in health. Conclusions. The greatest limitation has been the absence of differentiated data for the rural areas, ethnic origin, and precision about the contagion origin. This analysis leads us to affirm that pandemic for COVID-19 reveals structural imbalances, especially in the rural areas of Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. This paper describes and analyses recommendations to protect and mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Objective. To analyze recommendations to manage the COVID-19 pandemic of several restoring rights programs for children and adolescents in American protection systems. Methods. A literature review was done, using the form of rapid evidence syntheses, to provide information about social and health policies. Results. The results show that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a convergence of both the interest in promoting mental health in girls, boys, and adolescents and the interest to prevent COVID infection through the recommended biosecurity measures. Conclusions. Recommendations show the need for reviewing the internment treatment as a main caring program, considering the side effects of institutionalization on children and adolescents mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]