Search

Simple Summary: The Sarcoma Assessment Measure (SAM) is a special questionnaire for patients with sarcomas, a type of cancer. It was created with input from both patients and healthcare professionals and is meant to be used by professionals to better understand how sarcoma affects a patient's life. We tested the SAM on 762 patients who had different types of sarcomas and ranged in age from 13 to 82. We found that the SAM could be a useful tool for both researchers and healthcare professionals to assess how sarcoma symptoms impact a patient's life. However, more testing with a larger and more diverse group of patients is needed to be sure it is a good outcome measure in drug trials. The Sarcoma Assessment Measure (SAM) was developed as a sarcoma-specific patient-reported outcome measure to be used in clinical practice. We have reported in detail how SAM has been developed in collaboration with patients and healthcare professionals. The aim of this paper is to report the preliminary validation of SAM. The 22-item SAM was administered alongside a validated quality of life questionnaire and measure of activities of daily living. Linear modelling was used to build a measure, which had predictive validity in comparison to more established outcome measures. Of the 762 patients who participated in the study, 44.1% identified as male, and participant age ranged from 13 to 82 years. Clinically, participants presented with a range of soft tissue (82.2%) and bone (21.8%) sarcomas. Our preliminary analysis indicates that SAM accounts for 35% of the global quality of life scale and 18% of the Toronto Extremity Salvage Scale (TESS); so psychometrically, it overlaps with quality of life and activities of daily living, but also measures distinct concerns. This demonstrates that this measure picks up issues that are important to patients with sarcoma that are not reflected in other measures. We have established the preliminary validity of SAM and believe it has utility as a patient-reported outcome measure both as a research tool and for assessing the impact of symptoms and dysfunction related to sarcoma as part of clinical care. Further validation using a larger and more clinically diverse sample is now needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the quality of life of adult patients with onco-hematological disease treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation up to two years post-transplantation. Method: A quantitative, observational, longitudinal, and analytical study was conducted with 121 participants diagnosed with onco-hematological cancer who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between October 2017 and September 2019, with a 2-year post-transplantation follow-up, of whom only 39 completed the study. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Bone Marrow Transplantation (FACT-BMT) questionnaire and its subscales, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General (FACT-BMT) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Trial Outcome Index (FACT-TOI), developed by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) and validated for Spain, were used to assess quality of life. Result: The average age for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 54 years, with a majority of male participants. The evaluation of quality of life showed a decrease at the time of hospital discharge, followed by a progressive improvement up to one year after the transplantation. There was a significant difference in the quality of life questionnaire scores between both sexes during all stages of the research, with higher scores in male participants. The length of hospital stay significantly affected patients' physical and functional well-being, and marital status was related to differences in the perception of quality of life. Conclusions: Despite the initial decrease in quality of life for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, levels of quality of life similar to baseline are regained one year after the transplantation. Sociodemographic variables are related to how these patients perceive their quality of life. However, further studies with a larger sample size are needed for more precise results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in gamified physical activity has been driven by its potential to benefit student mental health. Integrating gamified practices for mental health improvement represents a significant innovation within multidisciplinary approaches to enhancing mental well-being. This review follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and was conducted using the Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) databases, primary sources for education-related studies. Thirteen papers were analyzed, yielding important insights into the relationship between gamified physical activity and mental health. The findings indicate that gamified physical activity positively influences adolescents' mental health and well-being. Additionally, there is a need for improved application and game design to enhance learning within school contexts. Tailoring exergames to fit specific disciplines and school-related characteristics can promote healthier mobile application usage and offer significant benefits for the mental health of young individuals. The difference between this study and previous ones is that it focuses on mobile applications for encouraging active living to improve quality of life and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The transition from hospital to community settings for most mental health service users is often hindered by challenges that affect community adjustment and continuity of care. The first few weeks and days after discharge from mental health inpatient units represent a critical phase for many service users. This paper aims to evaluate the changes in the resilience, personal recovery, and quality of life status of individuals with mental health challenges recently discharged from acute mental health care into the community. Methods: Data for this study were collected as part of a pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster-randomized, longitudinal approach in Alberta. A paired sample t-test and Chi-squared/Fisher test were deployed to assess changes from baseline to six weeks in the recovery assessment scale (RAS), brief resilience scale (BRS), and EuroQol-5d (EQ-5D), using an online questionnaire. Results: A total of 306 service users were recruited and 88 completed both baseline and six weeks, giving a response rate of 28.8%. There was no statistically significant change in the level of resilience, recovery and quality of life as measured with the brief resilience scale, recovery assessment scale and EQ-5D from baseline to six weeks (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The study showed that there was neither an improvement nor deterioration in resilience, recovery, or quality of life status of service users six weeks post-discharge from inpatient mental health care. The lack of further progress calls into question whether the support available in the community when patient's leave inpatient care is adequate to promote full recovery. The results justify investigations into the effectiveness of innovative and cost-effective programs such as peer and text-based supportive interventions for service users discharged from inpatient psychiatric care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: After two years of psychological, physical, social, economic, environmental, and societal challenges, this paper examines the psychological health and well-being of Portuguese students based on their socioemotional skills (SSES), positive youth development (PYD), depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS), as well as the relationship between these variables and their influence on perceived quality of life and life satisfaction. Methods: This study examined 3235 students from lower to upper secondary, half of whom were female (M = 14.46 ± 1.883 years old). Using SPSS software, descriptive statistics were determined for all variables; mean differences between age and gender were found using ANOVA and the post hoc Scheffe test. Linear regressions with the Enter method were used to study how to predict perceived quality of life and satisfaction with life. Results: Males had scores indicating more SSES|optimism, emotional control, resilience, confidence, sociability, creativity, energy, a sense of belonging to school, and PYD. Girls had better skills for cooperating and relating to teachers but more test anxiety and DASS. Younger adolescents had better psychological health, greater skills, and a better perception of quality of life and life satisfaction when compared to older adolescents. Age, gender, SSES, PYD, and the DASS variables can explain 69% of the variance in life satisfaction, while these variables can explain 60.5% of the variance in perceived quality of life. Conclusions: These results point to the relevance of SSES for psychological health and well-being, suggesting that interventions should focus on promoting these variables, paying special attention to female gender and age-related challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The herbal medicine Yukgunja-tang has been widely used for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) in the clinical setting of East Asian traditional medicine. This paper presents a protocol for a randomized, assessor-blind, controlled, multicenter, three-arm parallel clinical trial comparing the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of Yukgunja-tang with Pyeongwi-san and usual care. A total of 140 participants with Rome IV-diagnosed FD will be randomly assigned to either the Yukgunja-tang (n = 56), Pyeongwi-san (n = 56), or usual care (n = 28) groups. All participants will be educated on dietary guidelines for FD patients. Participants in the Yukgunja-tang and Pyeongwi-san groups will take investigational products for 6 weeks. All participants will be assessed for clinical parameters at weeks 0, 3, 6, 9, and 24. The primary outcome will be measured on the total dyspepsia symptom scale, and the secondary outcome will include the single dyspepsia symptom scale, overall treatment effect, the visual analog scale for dyspepsia, FD-related quality of life, hospital anxiety and depression scale, EuroQol-5 dimension, pattern identification, and serum levels of acyl-ghrelin and deacyl-ghrelin. Adverse events and laboratory tests will be monitored for safety assessment. The results will provide evidence of the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of Yukgunja-tang in the treatment of FD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted to identify and compare the factors affecting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) according to the type of work. The method involved a secondary analysis of 4131 workers who participated in the first year of the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019). In this study, a complex sample plan file was created and then weighted and analyzed. For the analyses, frequency, χ2-test, t-test, and linear regression analyses were used for complex sample analysis. Factors that significantly affected the HRQoL of daytime workers were educational background, living with a spouse, regular work, depression for two consecutive weeks, and suicidal thoughts. The explanatory power was 18.9% (p < 0.001). The factor that significantly affected the HRQoL of shift workers was whether they took dietary supplements for 2 weeks or more during the past year, and the explanatory power was 17.6% (p = 0.007). This study confirmed that the factors affecting HRQoL differ according to the type of work. Based on the results of this study, when developing a program to improve the HRQoL of workers, it is necessary to establish a differentiated strategy according to the type of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge is limited about dysgraphia in adolescence and its association with daily motor-related daily performance and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study aimed to (1) compare and (2) examine correlations between handwriting measures, motor-related daily performance, and HRQOL of adolescents with and without dysgraphia and (3) examine the contribution of motor-related daily performance and handwriting measures to predict their physical HRQOL. There were eighty adolescents (13–18 yr): half with dysgraphia and half matched controls without dysgraphia per the Handwriting Proficiency Screening Questionnaire and Handwriting Legibility Scale participated. They copied a paragraph script onto a paper attached to the Computerized Penmanship Evaluation Tool digitizer and completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-brief version and the Adult Developmental Coordination Disorder Checklist (ADC). We found significant between-group differences in motor-related daily performance, handwriting measures, and HRQOL and significant correlations between HRQOL and handwriting process measures and motor-coordination ability. Handwriting measures predicted 25%, and the ADC A and C subscales 45.6%, of the research group's physical QOL domain score variability. Notably, the control group's current perceptions of their motor-coordination performance (ADC-C) predicted 36.5% of the variance in physical QOL. Dysgraphia's negative effects during childhood and adolescence may reduce adolescents' HRQOL now and into adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental caries still have a high prevalence in Romania. The aim of this paper is to determine the prevalence of caries in children (aged 6 to 8 years) correlated with individual-level predictors and socio-economic variables. A stratified, randomized nationally representative sample was established, taking into consideration the total number of preschool children and based on administrative units and residence. Self-assessment was performed by means of the Oral Health Questionnaire for Children (WHO). Examinations were conducted by 10 standardized examiners, with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) caries codes higher than 3 considered as dentinal caries, missing teeth as MT, and restorations as FT. DMFT and SiC indexes were calculated accordingly. The dataset for each outcome variable was analyzed by the Hurdle approach analyzed. The gender distribution was similar (47.22% male and 52.78% female), with 42.65% residing in rural areas. The mean DMFT value for the sample was 4.89 and SiC index 9.83. A negative association could be seen between DMFT and the father's level of education (β = −0.33, SE = 0.07, p < 0.01) as well as the mother's education (β = −0.25, SE = 0.07, p < 0.01). In conclusion, caries prevalence is very high in Romania as compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for this age group in correlation with socio-economic factors and oral health behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Cervical cancer is a malignancy that can easily be prevented through the simplest means of investigation. However, every two minutes a woman dies worldwide due to cervical cancer. Upon closer inspection, the reasons for death include low compliance with screening programs and HPV vaccination, inadequate information, media coverage, ethnicity, conviction, and misinformation. In Europe, Romania has a forefront position regarding the incidence of, and mortality caused, by this disease. Despite the many efforts carried out to counteract this situation, cervical cancer has become an ongoing health issue that still needs debating, particularly in the developing countries of Eastern Europe. Consequently, and for the first time in Romania, the authors of this study aim at revealing, through scientifically validated elements, the prognostic factors that influence the survival of patients undergoing pelvic exenteration for FIGO stage IVA, recurrent or persistent cervical cancer after previous conclusive treatment. The study also rigorously assesses the quality of life, using validated questionnaires, placing Romania alongside those countries that have highlighted these issues and sought to find answers. Background: Considerable efforts have been carried out over the past 30 years to support patients with advanced cervical cancer. Throughout this time, Eastern European countries have been left aside from the decision-making groups on this matter, hence the absence of similar studies in this geographical area. In these countries, the quality of life (QoL) of patients with cervical cancer might be considered a "caprice", and the discomforts they encounter following pelvic exenteration for cervical cancer are often perceived as a "normal phenomenon". Methods: This study examined forty-seven patients submitted to pelvic exenteration followed up for nine years after the surgical intervention. The first objective of this study is to identify the prognostic factors that influence the overall survival (OS) of patients undergoing pelvic exenteration for FIGO stage IVA, recurrent or persistent cervical cancer after previous conclusive treatments. The second objective is to assess the QoL of the surviving patients using the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CX24 standardized questionnaires. Results: The mean age of the participants was 54 years (range 36–67). At the time of the study, there were 25 living patients (53.2%), the 3-year OS was 61%, and the 5-year OS was 48.7%. Cox regression analysis recognized parameter invasion, pelvic lymph node metastases, positive resection margins, early postoperative complications, and infralevatorian pelvic exenteration as negative prognostic factors influencing the OS (p < 0.05). Of the 25 survivors, 18 patients answered the QoL questionnaires. The cost of favorable survival has been translated into poor overall QoL, unsatisfactory functional, social, and symptom scores, a high prevalence of cervical cancer-specific symptoms such as lymphedema, peripheral neuropathy, severe menopausal symptoms, distorted body image, and lack of sexual desire. The lower scores are comparable to the only three studies available in the literature that assessed the QoL of patients undergoing pelvic exenteration precisely for cervical cancer. Conclusions: Despite its retrospective nature and some limitations, this paper, similar to other studies, shows a decent OS but with a marked adverse impact on QoL, suggesting the importance of adequate psycho-emotional and financial support for these patients following pelvic exenteration. This study also contributes to the current knowledge regarding advanced cervical cancer treatment, depicting survival, prognostic factors, and QoL of patients undergoing pelvic exenteration for cervical cancer in a reference center in Eastern Europe. Our study can provide a comparison for future prospective randomized trials needed to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HAGOS (Hip and Groin Outcome Score) questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of the self-assessment of symptoms, activity limitation, participation restriction, and quality of life (Qol) of subjects with hip and/or groin pain. The aims of this study are to translate and transculturally adapt the HAGOS into Italian (HAGOS-I) and to assess its internal consistency, validity, and reliability in physically active, young, and middle-aged subjects. The translation and transcultural adaptation of (HAGOS-I) was carried out according to international guidelines. Eight-one subjects (mean age 28.19) were included in this study. All the participants completed the HAGOS-I, the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS-I), the Oxford Hip Score (OHS-I), and the Short Form 36 Health Surveys (SF-36-I). The Cronbach's α for the six HAGOS subscales ranged from 0.63 to 0.87. Statistically significant correlations were obtained between the six HAGOS-I subscales and the LEFS-I (rs = 0.44–0.68; p < 0.01). Only one HAGOS-I subscale (Participation in Physical Activities) did not reach statistical significance with the OHS-I, while the remaining five had a moderate correlation (rs = 0.40–0.60; p < 0.01). The test–retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) ranged from 0.57 to 0.86 for the six HAGOS-I subscales. The HAGOS-I is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in clinical settings with young and middle-aged subjects with hip and/or groin pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frailty is a common condition in older adults that negatively impacts health and quality of life. This study evaluated a comprehensive, personalised, and coordinated intervention under the value-based care approach to address frailty's multidimensional nature in older people in the primary care setting. It employed a pre–post randomised controlled design involving 242 frail individuals aged over 65 years living in the community in Valencia (Spain) between 2021 and 2023. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 12 months (immediately post-intervention), and 18 months. The intervention included a personalised care plan supported by technology, with monthly motivational follow-ups and plan updates by health professionals and participants. Outcomes were measured using an assessment questionnaire that included the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement dataset for the older population: physical health, physical functioning, general mental health, satisfaction with social activities and relationships, ability to carry out usual social roles and activities, pain, general quality of life, loneliness, physical frailty, psychological frailty, and social frailty. The study found significant improvements in physical frailty, quality of life, reduced health resource use and hospitalisations and lower levels of pain and depression/anxiety compared to baseline. The findings suggest further research into value-based care approaches, emphasizing the development and activation of personalised, comprehensive programs for older individuals with frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Positive person-centered attributes of inpatient rehabilitation need to be identified from the patient's perspective to be further developed and sustained. Purpose: To identify which attributes patients openly evoke as being great care experiences, using an open appreciative inquiry during the inpatient rehabilitation stay. Methods: Qualitative secondary analysis of appreciative patient comments during a bedside patient experience rounding facilitated by a neutral party was performed. Two independent analysts employed an inductive, summative form of content analysis. Results: Among 150 patients rounded, 122 provided categorizable appreciative accounts. Over two-thirds of the patients (67.2%) focused on "staff attributes" in their great-experience accounts. Those attributes were mostly interpersonal such as being "attentive & caring—beyond clinical duty" and being "encouraging (but not too hard) & reassuring". These interpersonal staff attributes were reported with words showing deep levels of personal significance or patient appreciation. Beyond staff attributes, the perceived quality of "patient care" (31.1%) and opportunities for "leisure and social activities" (9.0%) were also frequently evoked. Amenities like food or customer service were the least evoked, rarely so as an exclusive attribute (0.8% for each). Conclusions: The human(e) factor, especially the interpersonal qualities of staff, emerged as greatly appreciated from the patient experience perspective during inpatient rehabilitation. These experiences help identify which person-centered attributes of care might be further developed and sustained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Survivors of childhood cancer are predisposed to a range of late effects of treatment, including high symptom burden. Symptom burden may vary over time. The aim of this prospective pilot study was to assess the feasibility of collecting daily symptoms from adult survivors of childhood cancer using mobile health (mHealth) technology to evaluate symptom fluctuation and associations with future health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The 41 survivors included in this study had high adherence to symptom reporting (83%) and HRQOL reporting (95%). Variability of daily symptom burden differed from person-to-person (74%), day-to-day (18%), and month-to-month (8%). Additionally, a higher symptom burden was associated with poorer HRQOL in the future. Daily assessment of symptoms using mHealth technology revealed fluctuations in symptomology and the association between symptom burden and HRQOL. This method of symptom assessment is valuable for improving our understanding of symptom dynamics and sources of variability. Background: Cancer therapies predispose survivors to a high symptom burden. This study utilized mobile health (mHealth) technology to assess the feasibility of collecting daily symptoms from adult survivors of childhood cancer to evaluate symptom fluctuation and associations with future health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL). Methods: This prospective study used an mHealth platform to distribute a 20-item cancer-related symptom survey (5 consecutive days each month) and an HRQOL survey (the day after the symptom survey) over 3 consecutive months to participants from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. These surveys comprised a PROMIS-29 Profile and Neuro-QOL assessed HRQOL. Daily symptom burden was calculated by summing the severity (mild, moderate, or severe) of 20 symptoms. Univariate linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze total, person-to-person, day-to-day, and month-to-month variability for the burden of 20 individual symptoms. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the association between daily symptom burden in the first month and HRQOL in the third month, adjusted for covariates. Results: Out of the 60 survivors invited, 41 participated in this study (68% enrollment rate); 83% reported their symptoms ≥3 times and 95% reported HRQOL in each study week across 3 months. Variability of daily symptom burden differed from person-to-person (74%), day-to-day (18%), and month-to-month (8%). Higher first-month symptom burden was associated with poorer HRQOL related to anxiety (regression coefficient: 6.56; 95% CI: 4.10–9.02), depression (6.32; 95% CI: 3.18–9.47), fatigue (7.93; 95% CI: 5.11–10.80), sleep (6.07; 95% CI: 3.43–8.70), pain (5.16; 95% CI: 2.11–8.22), and cognitive function (–6.89; 95% CI: –10.00 to –3.79) in the third month. Conclusions: Daily assessment revealed fluctuations in symptomology, and higher symptom burden was associated with poorer HRQOL in the future. Utilizing mHealth technology for daily symptom assessment improves our understanding of symptom dynamics and sources of variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to quantify the multivariate relationships between clinical, cognitive performance, executive functioning, and psychological outcomes in women with fibromyalgia (FMS) using network analyses. Demographic (age, height, weight), clinical (pain history, pain intensity, and related disability), neurocognitive (D2 Attention test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure for visual perception, "Digits D/R/I" tests of the WAIS-IV battery for working memory, the 5-Digit Test for mental inhibition, the Symbol Search for processing speed and the Zoo Test for planning/decision making) and psychological (depressive symptoms, anxiety levels, sleep quality, pain hypervigilance) variables were collected in 129 women with FMS and 111 healthy women. Network analyses were conducted separately for each group to quantify the adjusted correlations between the modeled variables and to assess their centrality indices (i.e., connectivity with other symptoms in the network and their importance in the network). The network identified 74 associations in FMS women and 46 associations in controls with small differences. The strongest correlations in both groups were found between different attention variables: d2_CON with d2_C, d2_O with d_2TR, and d2_CON with d2_TA. The most central variables were d2_TA, d2_C, and d2_CON (highest strength centrality in both groups) and anxiety levels and pain hypervigilance (highest harmonic centrality in FMS women). The strength centrality of the network was stable for women with FMS (CScor0.7: 0.68) but not for healthy women (CScor0.7: 0.28). This study found that attention variables are most relevant within a neurocognitive network and that psychological variables are most important for the treatment of women with FMS. The clinical implications of the current findings, such as the development of treatments targeting these variables, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Dyspnea, affecting up to 60% of cancer patients, exacerbates physical and psychological distress, reducing quality of life. This study aims to explore the relationship between dyspnea and factors such as age, sex, clinical diagnosis, and treatment lines in cancer patients, with the goal of improving understanding and management of this debilitating symptom to enhance patient care and quality of life. Methods: This study employed an observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive approach to investigate patients with oncological disease at the University Hospital of Salamanca between March 2021 and April 2024. A convenience sample was selected, including patients over 18 years old with a pathological diagnosis of cancer, experiencing any degree of dyspnea, and who consented to participate by signing the informed consent. Exclusion criteria included lack of consent and clinical conditions that prevented an interview. The studied variables encompass sociodemographic (age, gender, diagnosis, tumor stage, number of treatment lines) and clinical aspects (daily activities, degree of dyspnea, functional capacity, physical performance), evaluated using the Barthel Index, the mMRC Dyspnea Scale, the ECOG Scale, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Data were collected through semistructured interviews and medical records, and analyzed using specialized software. This research has ethical approval CEiM Code 2023 12 1472, Reference 2024/01. Results: The mean age was 66.82 years. Lung cancer was predominant (60.2%), with most patients in stage 3 (65.7%) and receiving three treatment lines (68.7%). Higher age, advanced disease stage, and more treatment lines correlated with lower Barthel and SPPB scores, and higher ECOG and mMRC scores, indicating worse functionality, physical performance, and greater dyspnea. No significant correlations were found between gender or pathological diagnosis and the studied variables. Conclusions: Advanced age, higher disease stage, and more treatment lines are associated with decreased functionality, poorer physical performance, and increased dyspnea in cancer patients. Gender and specific cancer diagnosis do not significantly affect these relationships. Addressing dyspnea is crucial to improving the quality of life and physical performance in this population. Future studies should explore additional factors like treatment types and nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas an exercise intervention effectively improves patients' quality of life, little information is available about the contribution of each physical fitness component. This study aims to explore the association between physical fitness components and the quality-of-life domain in patients with cancer. Between September 2021 and August 2023, 160 patients with mixed cancer types visiting the Oncology Unit were selected on a consecutive basis according to selection criteria. They underwent a comprehensive baseline assessment including the six-minute walking test, the handgrip strength test, the isometric leg press test, the back scratch, sit and reach tests, their waist–hip ratio, and their body mass index. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life and Core Questionnaire was used to measure the quality of life. The sample size was based on the use of regression models to study associations between clinical characteristics and fitness outcomes. All of the analyses were performed using the SPSS v.25 statistical package. Patients had a mean age of 58 years, 68% were female, 42% were affected by breast cancer, and all were receiving anticancer treatments. Higher functional capacity was associated with better global health status (p < 0.0001) and physical (p < 0.0001), role (p < 0.0001), emotional (p = 0.026), and social function (p = 0.016) and inversely linked with fatigue (p = 0.001). Lower-limb flexibility was significantly associated with all of the domains except for role and social functions. The waist–hip ratio was inversely associated with physical function (p < 0.0001) and positively related to fatigue (p = 0.037). Exercise programs aiming to improve the quality of life in cancer should be addressed to optimize these fitness components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the self-perception of the QoL (WHOQOL-bref) in the Canal of Anil zone and its neighbor zone of the center of the District of Anil in Rio de Janeiro and to identify which factors are associated with the population self-perception of the need to "improve" their quality of life (QoL). A cross-sectional observational analytical study was carried out after approval by the competent ethics committee (CEP/CONEP) approval. A non-probabilistic sampling of residents of the Canal of Anil (n = 494) and the central district of Anil (n = 250) was used. A questionnaire was administered in person to collect data on self-reported sociodemographic characteristics, general health, sanitation, lifestyle in the residential area, and the WHOQOL-Bref. Although with a worse self-perceived water/sanitation participants in the Anil Canal community report fewer allergies, less medication, fewer skin diseases, less Zika virus, and less Chikungunya, among others. The self-perception of the need to improve the QoL in the Anil Canal community and the zone at the central District of Anil has proved to be influenced by several social and economic factors as well as residential practices and conditions. The multivariate analysis allowed us to identify both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for the need to improve physical QoL: taking medication, respiratory problems, skin disease diagnosed by a doctor, having a water tank at home or having filtered water at home, unpleasant odor of the water of the Anil Canal and the level of education, and age. Regarding the need to improve the environmental QoL, both areas are largely modifiable (e.g., having had ascariasis/roundworm; having a water tank in the house; not drinking bottled water; not having pavements in the street). Sociodemographic and environmental factors, in addition to health conditions, play a pivotal role in influencing individuals' perceptions of the necessity for enhanced physical and environmental well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals who migrate from their home country face a variety of challenges while adapting to the culture in the United States. Immigrant communities are at a significantly higher risk for poor health outcomes; therefore, assessing healthcare treatment for diverse and resilient immigrant populations, including Hispanic/Latine communities, is crucial to preserving their health, culture, and spirit. A paucity of literature exists surrounding perceptions of well-being in immigrant, Hispanic/Latine adults managing chronic diseases. Past studies have shown a discrepancy between providers' and patients' perceptions of healthcare options for overall well-being. We aim to share varying perspectives found within our work geared towards improving the quality of life for Hispanic/Latine immigrants managing chronic disease, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The primary objective of this article is to strengthen the understanding of intersections between social, physical, financial, and spiritual health within an (im)migrant Hispanic/Latine community using semi-structured ethnographic interviews. These interviews have highlighted community resilience, demonstrating that individuals can adapt to major life transitions while maintaining balance across dimensions of health. This knowledge could be implemented by actively listening to patient concerns regarding their health dimensions to improve individualized and patient-centric care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The issue of oral health problems among refugees, not only during their journey but also once they arrive at their destination, is a current one. This study aimed to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of refugees, with the intention of highlighting a potential need for improved education and easier access to dental care. Materials and methods: A questionnaire based on the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was distributed via hyperlink on social media, targeting individuals with a refugee background to collect data on their OHRQoL. Results: A total of 401 participants completed the questionnaire. The median OHIP score for all participants was 8 (IQR 2–17) out of a maximum of 56, with 0 representing the best possible OHRQoL. The median OHIP score was 6 (IQR 2–16) for male and 8 (IQR 2–18) for female participants. Conclusion: A comparison of the OHIP score from this study with reference values from non-refugee populations shows an elevated score and, thus, a lower oral quality of life. Clinical relevance: The findings of this study indicate a clear need for enhanced access to dental care for refugees, coupled with an educational initiative aimed at fostering an appreciation of the importance of daily dental hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) and its treatments can negatively affect patient quality of life (QoL). This study focused on assessing the impact on QoL in OPC survivors using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-H&N35 scales before treatment and in the first and third years after treatment. Of 72 patients treated for OPC, 51 completed all questionnaires over 3 years. A variable deterioration of the QoL scores was detected prior to treatment. Most items of QoL worsened significantly after treatment and during the first year and improved in the third year. Advanced-stage cancer and definitive chemoradiotherapy treatment showed the worst scores. Patients treated with an open surgical approach exhibited significant deterioration compared to transoral surgery. This prospective long-term study in a homogeneous group of OPC survivors showed that although QoL was generally good, patients needed a long period of time to recover from both cancer and treatment effects. (1) Background: This prospective study aimed to assess the impact on quality of life (QoL) from pretreatment to 3 years after treatment in oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) survivors. (2) Methods: QoL was measured with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-H&N35 scales before treatment and in the first and third years. (3) Results: Of 72 patients, 51 completed all questionnaires over 3 years. A variable deterioration of QoL scores was detected before treatment. Most items worsened significantly after treatment and during the first year and improved in the third year. Advanced-stage cancer and definitive chemoradiotherapy treatment showed the worst scores. At 3 years, patients who underwent surgery with adjuvant radiation therapy/chemotherapy had significantly better scores on global QoL and emotional functioning compared to those treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy, who also reported problems with sticky salivation and dry mouth. Patients treated with an open surgical approach showed significantly greater deterioration in physical and role functioning compared to transoral surgery. (4) Conclusions: This long-term prospective study is the first in Spain to use EORCT scales in a homogeneous group of OPC survivors. QoL was generally good, although patients needed a long period of time to recover from both cancer and side effects of treatment. Advanced-stage cancer and definitive chemoradiotherapy showed the worst scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The benefit of spatially fractionated radiotherapy for brain tumors is maximized through Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT). In 2021, the clinical transfer phase of MRT began: the first brain-tumor-bearing dog patients were treated under clinical conditions in view of the forthcoming clinical transfer. As a primary endpoint, the tolerance of normal brain tissues to MRT was evaluated, while the efficacy in reducing tumor volume was considered as a secondary endpoint. We here present acute to subacute neurologic radiotolerance and tumor volume reduction after MRT for brain tumor treatment in canine patients included in our ongoing veterinary trial, proving that MRT is a safe tool for spontaneous brain tumor treatment in dogs. Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) has repeatedly proven its superiority compared with conventional radiotherapy for glioma control in preclinical research. The clinical transfer phase of MRT has recently gained momentum; seven dogs with suspected glioma were treated under clinical conditions to determine the feasibility and safety of MRT. We administered a single fraction of 3D-conformal, image-guided MRT. Ultra-high-dose rate synchrotron X-ray microbeams (50 µm-wide, 400 µm-spaced) were delivered through five conformal irradiation ports. The PTV received ~25 Gy peak dose (within microbeams) per port, corresponding to a minimal cumulated valley dose (diffusing between microbeams) of 2.8 Gy. The dogs underwent clinical and MRI follow-up, and owner evaluations. One dog was lost to follow-up. Clinical exams of the remaining six dogs during the first 3 months did not indicate radiotoxicity induced by MRT. Quality of life improved from 7.3/10 [±0.7] to 8.9/10 [±0.3]. Tumor-induced seizure activity decreased significantly. A significant tumor volume reduction of 69% [±6%] was reached 3 months after MRT. Our study is the first neuro-oncologic veterinary trial of 3D-conformal Synchrotron MRT and reveals that MRT does not induce acute to subacute radiotoxicity in normal brain tissues. MRT improves quality of life and leads to remarkable tumor volume reduction despite low valley dose delivery. This trial is an essential step towards the forthcoming clinical application of MRT against deep-seated human brain tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The main goals of this study were to describe the physical activity (PA) and sleep habits of 8–12-year-old children according to their gender and to evaluate the relationship between PA and sleep habits (i.e., duration and timing). (2) Methods: A total of 236 children (114 boys and 122 girls) completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and an ad hoc sleep habits questionnaire. (3) Results: Boys were more physically active than girls (2.62 ± 0.51 vs. 2.46 ± 0.48, p = 0.026) and enacted higher PA levels in school recess (3.82 ± 1.36 vs. 3.56 ± 1.38, p = 0.003), during the afternoon (3.37 ± 1.20 vs. 2.89 ± 1.12, p = 0.003), and during weekends (3.54 ± 1.20 vs. 3.18 ± 0.48, p = 0.009). Per sleep habits, boys had a significantly later bedtime (21:53 ± 2:08 vs. 21:34 ± 2:14, p = 0.009) and a significantly smaller total sleep duration (9.64 ± 0.86 vs. 9.89 ± 0.87 h, p = 0.023) than girls. No significant correlations between PA and sleep habits were found. (4) Conclusions: We found differences in the PA and sleep habits between school-age boys and girls. Institutions and entities should consider designing specific interventions to improve PA and sleep habits according to gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that can cause psychological stress. This study was conducted to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the QSD-R for diabetic patients into Portuguese (Brazil). Methods: This study was a cross-cultural adaptation process carried out in a public university in São Paulo, Brazil, in three stages: translation and backtranslation by two native-speaking independent professionals, analysis by a committee of specialists, and a pre-test phase. Results: The final version was created by seven experts after making semantic, idiomatic, and cultural changes to eighteen items. The results indicated a satisfactory content validation index (CVI ≥ 0.80). This version was applied to 30 patients. No item was excluded from the instrument. Conclusion: The translated version of the QSD-R was considered adequate and culturally adapted for use in Brazil to enable the psychometric validation of the instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Quality of life significantly affects health outcomes in cancer patients. However, evidence of an association between diet quality and quality of life in cancer survivors is sparse in Mediterranean countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between an a priori diet quality index, the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), and quality of life, assessed through a validated questionnaire targeted at women with a breast cancer diagnosis. A higher HEI-2015 score was positively associated with summary quality of life score and inversely associated with symptom scores. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) represents one of the most concerning aspects for cancer patients. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is an a priori diet quality index directly associated with health outcomes and HRQoL in cancer survivors in North American populations. We evaluated, in a Mediterranean population, the baseline associations between HEI-2015 and HRQoL in 492 women with breast cancer recruited in a DEDiCa lifestyle trial. Dietary data were obtained from 7-day food records; HRQoL was assessed through the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ C30) and the C30 Summary Score (SumSc). Analysis of variance and multivariable linear and log-gamma regression models were performed. Mean and standard deviation for HEI-2015 score was 68.8 ± 11.2; SumSc was 81.5 ± 12.9. Women with lower HEI-2015 score had higher BMI, were more frequently exposed to tobacco smoke and had fewer years of education. Patients with a HEI-2015 score greater than 68.7 (median value) showed a significant increase in SumSc of 4% (p = 0.02). HEI-2015 components also associated with SumSc were beans and greens (β = 1.04; p = 0.02). Weak associations were found for total vegetables and saturated fats. Higher diet quality in breast cancer survivors was associated with higher overall HRQoL in this cross-sectional analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure (HF) is a common clinical syndrome in which the cardiac systolic and/or diastolic functions are significantly insufficient, resulting in an inadequate pump function. Currently, it is one of the leading causes of human death and/or hospitalization, and it has become a serious global public health problem. Approximately 1.2 million people in Poland suffer from HF, and approximately 140,000 of them die every year. In this article, we present the result of telemedicine intervention and its cost-effectiveness in a group of patients from a pilot program on telemedicine and e-health solutions reducing social inequalities in the field of cardiology. Based on the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire administered in the beginning of the project and after approximately 3 months, used for the health state utility values calculation, cost estimates of the project, and inclusion of supplementary data, the economic rationale behind telemedical intervention in HF patients using a cost–utility analysis was corroborated. The choice of a 3-month project duration was due to the top-down project assumptions approved by the bioethics committee. The average improvement in health state utility values was statistically significant, implying a 0.01 QALY improvement per patient. The cost of the telemedical intervention per QALY was well within the official limit adopted as a cost-effective therapy measure in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assessment of upper limb function is critical in the rehabilitation process of people with Parkinson's Disease (PD), and universally validated outcome measures are needed to allow comparisons across the practice. Moreover, the study of psychometric properties of the same tool on different clinical populations guarantees the possibility of reliably evaluating the same rehabilitation treatment in people with different clinical conditions. Aim of the study: The aim of this research was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Italian adaptation of the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT) in individuals with PD. Methods: The reliability and validity of the test were assessed in accordance with international standards. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha, and test–retest reliability was determined via the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The construct validity and cross-cultural validity of the test were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient with three assessment tools on upper limb function, independence, and quality of life, with hand grip power measured by a dynamometer and an Italian pangram. Finally, responsiveness after a one month of rehabilitation treatment was measured using the Wilcoxon rank test. Results: Fifty-two Italian people with PD were recruited. Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.556 (non-dominant hand) to 0.668 (dominant hand); ICC values ranged from 0.754 to 0.988. Construct validity showed that several statistically significant correlations were detected. Wilcoxon's test showed that the assessment tool can detect a change in this population after treatment. Conclusions: The JTHFT is a reliable, valid, and respondent tool to evaluate the upper limb and hand functionalities in PD patients. It should be added to the toolkit for measuring upper limb performance in this population, adding value to clinical evaluation and ensuring comparable results for different clinical populations and different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Working in a healthcare setting is associated with high levels of stress and burnout syndrome. Work-related quality of life (WRQoL) remains insufficiently evaluated among physicians. The aim of this study is to assess the WRQoL among physicians of interventional, non-interventional, and diagnostic specialties in Poland. Materials and Methods: Standardized and anonymous WRQoL questionnaires have been filled in by 257 physicians working in Silesia, Poland. After the removal of missing data, 246 individuals were stratified in terms of specialties into the appropriate categories, including interventional, non-interventional, and diagnostics. These categories were compared using the following subscales: general well-being (GWB), home–work interface (HWI), job and career satisfaction (JCS), control at work (CAW), working conditions (WCS), and stress at work (SAW). Results: Out of 246 individuals, 132 were women (53.7%) and 112 (45.5%) were men. There were no differences in terms of WRQoL scores (p = 0.220) and subscales GWB (p = 0.148), HWI (p = 0.368), JCS (p = 0.117), CAW (p = 0.224), WCS (p = 0.609), SAW (p = 0.472) between interventional, non-interventional, and diagnostic specialties. The group of young doctors (age ≤ 30 years) had higher JCS scores than the older ones (mean score [SD], 22.7 [3.98] vs. 21 [4.6]; p = 0.013). Physicians who were not working in hospital had higher WRQoL score than respondents working in hospital (p = 0.061), with significant differences in terms of GWB (mean score [SD], 20.3 [4.93] vs. 22.8 [3.2], p = 0.014), HWI (mean score [SD], 9.1 [=2.65] vs. 10.6 [2.73], p = 0.011), and WCS (mean score [SD], 9.5 [2.61] vs. 10.8 [2.54], p = 0.035). Conclusion: There were no differences considering overall WRQoL between analyzed groups stratified according to specialty. However, we disclosed a significant association between the respondent's WRQoL and age as well as place of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke survivors often face diverse unmet needs highlighting the significance of identifying and addressing these needs to enhance rehabilitation outcomes and overall quality of life. This study aimed to validate the modified Needs Assessment Questionnaire (mNAQ) as a reliable and valid tool for assessing the needs of stroke patients in the Greek context. Additionally the research sought to identify potential differences in the assessment of stroke patients' needs based on their stroke phase and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. A sample of 71 adult stroke survivors adhering to World Health Organization guidelines and providing autonomous consent participated in the study. The mNAQ comprising 141 items across 12 domains was utilized to evaluate stroke patients' needs. The NIHSS and Barthel Index (BI) were employed for functional independence and mobility assessment. Data analysis incorporated confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's reliability analysis to establish construct validity and internal consistency. Concurrent and known-groups validity analyses were conducted; and Spearman's rho correlation explored the relationship between mNAQ and BI scores. Non-parametric analyses were applied to identify differences based on stroke phase and NIHSS scores. The study revealed that the mNAQ initially lacked satisfactory psychometric properties in the Greek context. Subsequent modifications guided by confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses resulted in a refined three-factor scale encompassing 31 items in the domains of communication, mobility, and social functioning needs. This adapted measure effectively differentiated between acute and chronic stroke patients and those with minor and moderate strokes. In conclusion, the validated 31-item Greek mNAQ emerges as a crucial tool for comprehensively assessing the needs of stroke patients. Its application holds promise for optimizing post-stroke care improving functional outcomes and ultimately enhancing the overall well-being and quality of life for stroke survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Is the resection of spinal meningiomas in asymptomatic patients or patients with mild neurological symptoms justified? In this study, we compare the neurological outcome, quality of life, and quality of care of these patients to patients with more severe neurological symptoms. The results show that early neurosurgical intervention leads to better neurological outcomes and quality of life, contradicting a watch-and-see regime. Background: The main treatment modality for spinal meningiomas (SM) is gross total resection (GTR). However, the optimal timing of surgery, especially in cases with absent or mild neurological symptoms, remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of early-stage resection on neurological outcome, quality of life (QoL), and quality of care. The primary objective is a favorable neurological outcome (McCormick scale 1). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent operations for SM between 2011 and 2021. Patients with mild neurological symptoms preoperatively (McCormick scale 1 and 2) were compared to those with more severe neurological symptoms (McCormick scale 3–5). Disabilities and QoL were assessed according to validated questionnaires (SF-36, ODI, NDI). Results: Age, spinal cord edema, thoracic localization, and spinal canal occupancy ratio were associated with more severe neurological symptoms (all p < 0.05). Patients presenting with mild symptoms were associated with favorable neurological outcomes (OR: 14.778 (95%CI 3.918–55.746, p < 0.001)), which is associated with shorter hospitalization, better QoL, and fewer disabilities (p < 0.05). Quality of care was comparable in both cohorts. Conclusions: Early surgical intervention for SM, before the development of severe neurological deficits, should be considered as it is associated with a favorable neurological outcome and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality of life (QoL) assessments are integral to cancer care, yet their effectiveness in providing essential information for supporting survivors varies. This study aimed to elucidate key indicators of QoL among colorectal cancer survivors from the perspective of healthcare professionals, and to evaluate existing QoL questionnaires in relation to these indicators. Two studies were conducted: a Delphi study to identify key QoL indicators and a scoping review of questionnaires suitable for colorectal cancer survivors. Fifty-four healthcare professionals participated in the Delphi study's first round, with 25 in the second. The study identified two primary QoL domains (physical and psychological) and 17 subdomains deemed most critical. Additionally, a review of 12 questionnaires revealed two instruments assessing the most important general domains. The findings underscored a misalignment between existing assessment tools and healthcare professionals' clinical priorities in working with colorectal cancer survivors. To enhance support for survivors' QoL, efforts are needed to develop instruments that better align with the demands of routine QoL assessment in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to delineate the interplay between depression, hopelessness, and episodic future thinking (EFT), focusing on cognitive biases towards negative future thinking that are central to depressive symptomatically. Methods: A Japanese university student was utilized to scrutinize divergences in EFT across groups stratified by varying degrees of depression and hopelessness. The research leveraged a modified future thinking task (FTT), the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II to gauge participants' levels of hopelessness and depressive symptoms. Results: Consistent with prior research, the non-depressed group showed a reduction in positive EFT, reinforcing the idea that diminished positive future thinking is a hallmark of depressive conditions, even in the absence of a clinical diagnosis. Moreover, individuals with comorbid depression and elevated hopelessness demonstrated a significant decrease in positive EFT and an increase in negative EFT, substantiating a distinctive cognitive profile for this subgroup. This finding suggests that the presence of hopelessness exacerbates the negative cognitive biases associated with depression. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of considering hopelessness as an independent construct when assessing EFT in clinical contexts. The pronounced impact of hopelessness on future thinking in those with depression suggests that targeted interventions, such as future-directed therapy (FDT), may be particularly effective for individuals with hopelessness depression by focusing on modifying negative future thinking patterns and enhancing life quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease characterized by long-term and troublesome symptoms that affect the patient's life. This study aimed to assess and compare the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of Polish CF patients and identify factors influencing it. The study group consisted of 79 patients (6 to 42 years old), who filled in an age-appropriate Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised. Medical data were collected from each patient's medical records. The domains with the highest HRQoL median were eating problems (88.89), digestive symptoms (77.78) and physical functioning (75.00). The lowest-rated domain was social functioning (61.90). Age negatively correlated with eight domains, and most strongly with treatment burden (rho = −0.474). Physical functioning positively correlated with all spirometry parameters, and most strongly with FEV1% (rho = 0.588). Treatment burden, body image and respiratory symptoms were positively correlated with all spirometry parameters except PEF%. Present exacerbations reduced scores in almost all domains, and in the MANCOVA model they were a significant factor differentiating patients' HRQoL. The univariate analysis of MANCOVA showed the significant effects of both health condition (F = 8.32, p = 0.005) and the COVID-19 pandemic (F = 5.89, p = 0.018) on social functioning domain, and of the place of residence on body image (F = 5.60, p = 0.21). A decreasing HRQoL with increasing age and during exacerbations indicates that it is important to focus on these aspects of patients' lives and ensure they received the necessary support from their healthcare providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This prospective study assesses and analyzes the pre- and postoperative quality of life (QoL) of patients with osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) after head and neck cancer therapy. It compares the QoL of subgroups concerning age, gender, ORNJ stages, type of surgical ORNJ therapy, hospital durations and chemotherapy in history. Clinical findings, demographic data and risk factors of ORNJ patients are also represented. This study addresses the lack of scientific literature and emphasizes the significance of the surgical therapeutic approach in decision-making for tailored and optimal therapy. Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) is a feared complication following radiation therapy performed for oncological treatment of head and neck cancers (HNC). To date, there is no clear evidence regarding the impact of surgical treatment of ORNJ on the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients. However, understanding the significance of the surgical treatment approach and its effects on QoL is an essential factor in the decision-making process for optimal, individualized therapy. In this prospective clinical study, QoL was assessed in relation to health related QoL (HRQoL) and oral health related QoL (OHQoL) before and after surgical treatment of ORNJ using standardized questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-HN35, OHIP-14). The overall QoL scores as well as individual domains of the collected scales regarding functional and symptom-related complaints were statistically analyzed. Subgroups concerning age, gender, different risk factors and type of ORNJ therapy were compared using Kruskal Wallis test. In addition, clinical and demographic patient data were collected and analyzed. QoL improvement correlated with the type of surgical ORNJ and the length of hospitalization. Better QoL scores were achieved post-operatively regarding different symptoms like pain, swallowing and mouth opening. Long-term effects of radiation therapy remained visibly restrictive to QoL and worsen over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), there is a partial decrease in motor or sensory or autonomic function. Mainly due to the motor impairment in SCI, a muscle–machine interface is a tool that can bring functional benefits to this population. Objective: To investigate the feasibility of the non-invasive myoelectric signal–functional electrical stimulation (MES-FES) interface on the response of the quadriceps muscle in an individual with incomplete SCI. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental, uncontrolled, longitudinal case report study carried out with an individual with incomplete SCI in the chronic phase. The assessments performed before (pre) and after eight (post8) interventions were neuromuscular assessment (surface electromyography (EMG) in rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles); muscle strength (load cell); knee extension range of motion (goniometry); spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale); and quality of life (Spinal Cord Injury Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (SCI-QoL.Br)). The MES-FES interface was associated with physical therapy exercises on the extension knee joint muscle group. Results: Improvement in neuromuscular activation (normalized increase in EMGRMS of 2% (RF) and 3.3% (VL)) and synchronism of the motor units (normalized reduction in EMGMDF of 22.8% (RF) and 5.9% (VL)); 1.4 kgf increase in quadriceps strength; 10.6° increase in knee joint extension amplitude; 1 point spasticity reduction; improved quality of life, confirmed by a 12-point reduction in the SCI-QoL.Br score. Moreover, along with interventions, the participant increased the correct FES activation rate, indicating a user learning curve (ρ = 0.78, p-value = 0.04). Conclusions: The MES-FES interface associated with physical therapy promotes neuromuscular and quality of life improvements in the SCI participant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and the range of cervical motion, disability, pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and quality of life in patients with chronic, non-specific neck pain. Thirty-five patients, aged 20–48 years, with chronic non-specific neck pain, completed validated questionnaires regarding neck pain intensity, pain-associated disability, catastrophic thoughts, and quality of life. The range of cervical motion was assessed using a digital goniometer. HRV indices were recorded in three positions (supine, sitting, and standing) through a smartphone application. Several significant correlations were observed between HRV indices and neck pain disability, the helplessness factor of catastrophizing, neck rotation, and quality of life. These correlations were only observed in the standing position. Pain catastrophizing was positively correlated with disability and pain intensity during active neck movement (Pearson r = 0.544, p < 0.01; Pearson r = 0.605, p < 0.01, respectively). Quality of life was negatively correlated with pain intensity during active movement (Pearson r = −0.347, p < 0.05). HRV indices were correlated with the psychological and physical domains of neck pain. These cardiac indices have been related to neck pain variables in some previous studies. Further research is needed to confirm this relationship in different daily conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Most cancer patients are older and have concomitant diseases because the incidence of most cancer types increases with age. This leads to patients taking a variety of medications that can cause drug-related problems (DRPs). DRPs can cause harm, including increased illness, avoidable hospital stays, and even death. Common DRPs are drug–drug interactions, not taking medication as prescribed, and adverse drug reactions. In our study, we aimed to assess these medication risks in hospitalized cancer patients and to identify factors that influence their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) as a patient-relevant outcome. The results of the pharmacist-led medication reviews show that DRPs are common in hospitalized cancer patients. Therefore, patient questionnaires about therapy-related symptoms could improve the detection of DRPs. While drug-related factors had no effect on HRQOL during the hospital stay, our analysis revealed other influencing factors, such as relapse status of the cancer disease and length of hospital stay. Background: We aimed to assess medication risks and determine factors influencing the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in cancer inpatients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted to identify drug-related problems (DRPs) based on medication reviews, including patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify sociodemographic, disease-related, and drug therapy-related factors influencing changes from hospital admission to discharge in the scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Results: A total of 162 inpatients with various hematological and solid cancer diseases was analyzed. Patients received a mean of 11.6 drugs and 92.6% of patients exhibited polymedication resulting in a mean of 4.0 DRPs per patient. Based on PRO data, 21.5% of DRPs were identified. Multiple linear regression models described the variance of the changes in global HRQOL and physical function in a weak-to-moderate way. While drug therapy-related factors had no influence, relapse status and duration of hospital stay were identified as significant covariates for global HRQOL and physical function, respectively. Conclusion: This analysis describes underlying DRPs in a German cancer inpatient population. PROs provided valuable information for performing medication reviews. The multiple linear regression models for global HRQOL and physical function provided explanations for changes during hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The quality of life of patients with facial basal cell carcinoma significantly improves after surgery. Nevertheless, it remains inferior to those without the disease. Facial scarring has been identified as a contributing factor to adverse psychosocial changes. In this study, we explore the aesthetic assessment of facial scars within this specific patient group, aiming to uncover potential correlations between the severity of scars and the quality of life. This study comprises two phases as follows: scale validation and pilot with a sample size of 100 patients. The Lithuanian version of the POSAS 2.0 was established after a thorough psychometric evaluation, surpassing acceptable validity thresholds. The pilot phase findings show a notable improvement in scars during the later stages of postoperative recovery, with the initial identification of specific groups that perceive their scars more negatively. Given the observed correlations between the scar assessment and the quality of life, this study highlights the crucial role of addressing the aesthetic satisfaction of patients with surgically treated basal cell carcinoma. Facial basal cell carcinoma (BCC) surgery enhances the quality of life (QoL) but leaves patients with inferior QoL, presumably caused by scarring, emphasizing the need to understand post-surgery aesthetic satisfaction. This study aimed to validate the Lithuanian version of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) 2.0 and utilise it to identify scar evaluation differences and correlations among POSAS scores and specific aesthetic facial regions, age, gender, surgery types, and short- and long-term QoL. Employing a prospective longitudinal design, 100 patients with facial scars after surgical BCC removal were enrolled. The validation phase confirmed the translated POSAS 2.0 psychometric properties, while the pilot phase used statistical analyses to compare scores among demographic and clinical groups and evaluate correlations between scar assessment and QoL. The findings indicate that the translated Lithuanian version of POSAS 2.0 exhibits good psychometric properties, revealing insights into aesthetic satisfaction with post-surgical facial scars and their impact on QoL. The Lithuanian version of the POSAS 2.0 was established as a valid instrument for measuring post-surgical linear scars. QoL with scar assessment statistically significantly correlates, 6 months after surgery, with worse scores, particularly notable among women, younger patients, and those with tumours in the cheek region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from school to university brings significant adjustments in lifestyle, body weight, and living environment for young adults, potentially impacting their quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have exacerbated these changes. This cross-sectional study involved 361 young adults (18–25 years) from Malaysian tertiary institutions, aiming to identify factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) post-COVID-19 restrictions. Data were collected online between April and July 2022, utilizing the WHOQOL-BREF for HRQOL assessment. Participants, with a median age of 23, scored highest in the physical health domain (mean: 63.2, SD = 16.2) and lowest in psychological health (mean: 58.2, SD = 16.9). Physical health domain scores varied by ethnicity, the field of study, weight category, and prescription medicine usage; environmental health scores by ethnicity and household income; and social health scores by age. Moderate perceived stress and low perceived support were significant predictors of poor HRQOL. Across the weight categories, sleep quality, perceived stress, and support have consistently impacted the HRQOL domain scores. This study underscores the multifaceted influences on young adults' quality of life during the transition to university, especially in post-pandemic adjustments, highlighting the importance of addressing factors such as perceived stress and support to enhance overall well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is recommended that health promotion activities in the community focus on residents' strengths. Hence, this study explored the community strengths perceived by older adults living alone in a semi-mountainous rural region of Japan. A qualitative, descriptive approach was used. Content analysis was performed using data obtained through face-to-face interviews. Interview data were coded; codes were classified based on similarity to create subcategories and categories. The strengths within the community, as perceived by older adults living alone in a semi-mountainous rural region, were revealed in four categories related to ten subcategories: "loose connections with others", "active community participation", "close relationships with community professionals", and "familiarity with the living environment". Strengths within the community perceived by older adults living alone in a semi-mountainous rural region were cultivated in an environment formed by their past lives. Utilizing these resources may help support community-based societies in semi-mountainous rural regions where depopulation and aging are expected to continue in the future. This study was not registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only a few studies, mainly qualitative thematic analyses of interviews, have dealt with the psychological experience of parents of children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a rare genetic syndrome involving skeletal fragility and increased exposure to bone fractures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate both negative (i.e., parental burden and parenting stress) and positive (i.e., coping strategies and perceived social support) experiences of parents related to their children's disease and behaviour. The participants were 34 parents of children and adolescents with OI who completed a specifically developed online survey assessing their psychological experience with caregiving, their perception of the severity level of their children's condition and any possible behavioural problems experienced by their children. Data analyses showed that 65% of the parents showed a clinical level of caregiver burden and nearly 30% a clinical level of parenting stress. Caregiver burden was related to the perceived severity level of the condition and the externalising problems shown by their children. Concerning the positive aspects of the parents' experience, a high level of perceived social support was connected to a lower level of parenting stress; the same did not happen for caregiver burden. Coping strategies were connected to stress and burden; in particular, a higher level of stress corresponded to a higher level of avoidance, and a higher level of burden corresponded to a higher level of positive attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exergaming, a new type of sport, combined with virtual reality, has provided new opportunities for the aging population. This study analyzed the differences in leisure constraints, participation benefits, and continuous participation intention in virtual golf (represented as an exergame) depending on the participants' ages. Data collection was conducted from August 2023 to November 2023. A quantitative research design and a convenience sampling method were employed, targeting 310 regular virtual golf participants aged 20 years or older in the Republic of Korea. For comparative analysis, the survey participants were segmented into three groups: Group 1, young adults (18–35 years); Group 2, middle-aged adults (36–55 years); and Group 3, older adults (56–69 years). To compare and analyze participation behaviors in virtual golf, the dependent variables were identified: (a) leisure constraints (four factors) to limit formation and participation in leisure; (b) participation benefits (four factors) to encourage participation in leisure; and (c) continuous participation intention (single factor) to show likelihood to participate in leisure in the future. The results revealed that the young adult group showed statistically high results for costs under leisure constraints (F = 14.949, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.089), and the older adult group reported statistically high results in physical (F = 9.346, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.057) and mental (F = 7.249, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.045) participation benefits and continuous participation intention (F = 6.486, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.041). This study confirmed that virtual golf using advanced technology brings physical and mental benefits to older people based on reasonable cost and enables continuous participation in physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Questionnaires designed to test knowledge and self-perception can be valuable tools for diagnosing a dentist's understanding of the management and administration of a practice. The objective of this study was to create and authenticate a questionnaire for assessing dentists' self-perception on oral healthcare management developed from discussions with experts in this field. Material and Methods: In order to create and verify a questionnaire survey, a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was carried out. Participants' personal information and 31 statements across four categories made up the final questionnaire form. The answers to the questionnaire were in the form of a Likert scale. After refining the initial version, a total of 36 interviews were conducted at dental offices to verify the validity. For the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), we used the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) index, the Bartlett sphericity test, and also Cronbach alpha coefficient for the validity of the questionnaire. Results: The accuracy of the instrument was measured by intrarater and interrater reliability. For the EFA, all the communalities exceeded the threshold of 0.05. With a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.898, the questionnaire has sufficient internal consistency. Conclusions: The questionnaire demonstrates robust reliability and validity, thereby affirming its suitability for its intended purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral health is situated within the framework of the global health agenda, addressing facets pertaining to well-being and quality of life. The research is based on the need to address variables at the community level to improve schoolchildren's oral health and promote healthy behaviors and aims to carry out an in-depth analysis from the perspective of the factors that influence children's oral health. Step 1, designed by the World Health Organization, was utilized. An easy-to-use web interface was created for data collection. The statistical analysis consisted of using multinomial and binominal logistic regression models. The level of education of the adult has a high probability of influencing the consumption of unhealthy or healthy foods, it has a significant probability of exerting influence on social or medical problems and a correlation was found between the level of academic education and the pattern of dental visits. The development of health-promoting behaviors begins in childhood and involves parents, who have an essential role in the education of their children. Oral health promotion programs in schools need to target the child–adult–teacher–dentist relationships. Taking into consideration the aforementioned, a threefold viewpoint is necessary for the development of a national program aimed at promoting the oral health of schoolchildren in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to examine the prediction of quality of life by frailty and disability in a baseline sample of 479 Dutch community-dwelling people aged 75 years or older using a follow-up period of 8 years. Regarding frailty, we distinguish between physical, psychological, and social frailty. Concerning physical disability, we distinguish between limitations in performing activities in daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities in daily living (IADL). The Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (GARS) were used to assess frailty domains and types of disability, respectively. Quality of life was determined by the WHOQOL-BREF containing physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. In our study, 53.9% of participants were woman, and the mean age was 80.3 years (range 75–93). The study showed that psychological frailty predicted four domains of quality of life and physical frailty three. Social frailty was only found to be a significant predictor of social quality of life and environmental quality of life. ADL and IADL disability proved to be the worst predictors. It is recommended that primary healthcare professionals (e.g., general practitioners, district nurses) focus their interventions primarily on factors that can prevent or delay psychological and physical frailty, thereby ensuring that people's quality of life does not deteriorate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) focuses on a health promotion perspective with a salutogenic approach, reinforcing the pillars of self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the CDSMP on Self-perceived Health (SPH) in disadvantaged areas of Asturias, España. The study included vulnerable adults with experience of chronic diseases for over six months, along with their caregivers. The intervention consisted of a six-session workshop led by two trained peers. SPH was evaluated by administering the initial item of the SF-12 questionnaire at both baseline and six months post-intervention. To evaluate the variable "Change in SPH" [improvement; remained well; worsening/no improvement (reference category)], global and disaggregated by sex multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were applied. There were 332 participants (mean = 60.5 years; 33.6% were at risk of social vulnerability; 66.8% had low incomes). Among the participants, 22.9% reported an improvement in their SPH, without statistically significant sex-based differences, while 38.9% remained in good health. The global model showed age was linked to decreased "improvement" probability (RRRa = 0.96), and the "remaining well" likelihood drops with social risk (RRRa = 0.42). In men, the probability of "remaining well" decreased by having secondary/higher education (RRRa = 0.25) and increased by cohabitation (RRRa = 5.11). Women at social risk were less likely to report "remaining well" (RRRa = 0.36). In conclusion, six months after the intervention, 22.9% of the participants had improved SPH. Age consistently decreased the improvement in the different models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structured health system-based programs, such as cardiac rehabilitation, may reduce the risk of recurrent stroke. This study aimed to co-design and evaluate a structured program of rehabilitation, developed based on insights from focus groups involving stroke survivors and health professionals. Conducted in Tasmania, Australia in 2019, the 7-week program comprised one hour of group exercise and one hour of education each week. Functional capacity (6 min walk test), fatigue, symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire), and lifestyle were assessed pre- and post-program, with a historical control group for comparison. Propensity score matching determined the average treatment effect (ATE) of the program. Key themes from the co-design focus groups included the need for coordinated care, improved psychosocial management, and including carers and peers in programs. Of the 23 people approached, 10 participants (70% men, mean age 67.4 ± 8.6 years) completed the program without adverse events. ATE analysis revealed improvements in functional capacity (139 m, 95% CI 44, 234) and fatigue (−5 units, 95% CI −9, −1), with a small improvement in symptoms of depression (−0.8 units, 95% CI −1.8, 0.2) compared to controls. The co-designed program demonstrated feasibility, acceptability, and positive outcomes, suggesting its potential to support stroke survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of life of the general population. This study aims to define and contrast an explanatory model of the quality of life in adults and to analyze the relationships between these variables based on the state of confinement and sex. A total of 872 people from Chile aged between 17 and 50 (M = 21.70 years; SD= 3.272), of both sexes (60.90% male and 39.1% female) participated in this research, of whom 46.6% were not confined when tested and 53.4% were confined, analyzing the quality of life. A model of multi-group structural equations was performed, which adjusted very well (χ2 = 559.577; DF = 38; p < 0.001; IFC = 0.934; NFI = 0.916; IFI = 0.934; RMSEA = 0.061). The results show a positive and direct relationship among all the variables studied and the structural equation model proposed according to confinement and sex reveals a good fit in all the evaluation indexes. Stress and sleep, personality, and introspection were the indicators with the greatest influence in the four models, followed by the family and friends indicator with a medium correlation strength, such as the health monitoring dimension, although this was not as influential in confined individuals. The main conclusions are that the best adjustments are obtained in confined adults and females, and the data show that the psychological indicators obtained (stress and sleep, personality, and introspection) have the greatest influence on adults in the four models proposed with regard to their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBIs) are a heterogeneous group of chronic conditions that greatly reduce patients' quality of life (QoL). To date, biopsychosocial factors (such as gastrointestinal symptoms, alexithymia, and interpersonal problems) are believed to contribute to the development and maintenance of DGBIs, but their role in affecting patients' QoL is still under investigation. Out of 141 patients seeking treatment for their gastrointestinal symptoms, 71 were diagnosed with a DGBI (47 females, 66.2%; Mage: 41.49 ± 17.23 years) and were age- and sex-matched to 71 healthy controls (47 females, 66.2%; Mage: 40.45 ± 16.38 years) without any current gastrointestinal symptom or diagnosis. Participants completed a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and a survey investigating several psychosocial risk factors. We found greater symptom severity and difficulties in identifying feelings among patients compared to controls. Further, multiple linear regression analyses evidenced that, among patients, higher expressive suppression of emotions, difficulties in identifying feelings and interpersonal problems, and a lower cognitive reappraisal of emotions predicted lower QoL. Data suggest that the QoL of patients with DGBIs is affected not only by common risk factors (e.g., interpersonal problems) but also by specific difficulties in processing and regulating emotions. The implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations of sleep quality and physical activity with diabetes quality of life in Korean Americans with type 2 diabetes. A total of 119 Korean American adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited from Korean communities in Arizona, USA. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for sleep quality, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for physical activity, and the Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) for quality of life were assessed. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and multiple linear regressions were conducted. The mean score of the total DQOL was 1.85 (SD = 0.28). Approximately 70% of those had poor sleep quality and a third showed low physical activity. The findings demonstrated that both sleep quality and low physical activity were independent predictors of overall DQOL scores, indicating that poor sleep quality and low physical activity are associated with reduced Diabetes Quality of Life in this demographic. Specifically, the satisfaction subscale of DQOL showed significant associations with low physical activity levels, suggesting that enhancing physical activity could potentially improve satisfaction within DQOL. Furthermore, the impact subscale was positively related to sleep quality, suggesting that better sleep quality might significantly lower the perceived negative impact of diabetes on daily life. No significant associations were found between sleep quality, physical activity, and the worry subscale of DQOL in the adjusted models. The study indicates that addressing sleep quality and promoting physical activity are essential components of diabetes management strategies aimed at improving the quality of life for Korean Americans with type 2 diabetes. This underlines the need for tailored interventions that consider cultural preferences and individual needs to enhance diabetes outcomes and quality of life in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]