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24. Searches for baryon number violation in neutrino experiments: A White Paper

Author

Dev, Bhupal, primary, Koerner, Lisa, additional, Saad, Shaikh, additional, Antusch, Stefan, additional, Askins, Morgan, additional, Babu, K S, additional, Barrow, Josh, additional, Chakrabortty, Joydeep, additional, de Gouvea, Andre, additional, Djurcic, Zelimir, additional, Girmohanta, Sudhakanta, additional, Gogoladze, Ilia, additional, Goodman, Maury, additional, Higuera, Aaron, additional, Kalra, Daisy, additional, Karagiorgi, Georgia, additional, Kearns, Edward, additional, Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A, additional, Kutter, Thomas, additional, Malinsky, Michal, additional, Martinez Caicedo, David, additional, Mohapatra, Rabindra N, additional, Nath, Pran, additional, Nussinov, Shmuel, additional, Ochoa-Ricoux, J. Pedro, additional, Pec, Viktor, additional, Rafique, Aleena, additional, Rodriguez Rondon, J., additional, Shrock, Robert, additional, Sobel, Henry W, additional, Stokes, Tyler, additional, Strait, Matthew, additional, Svoboda, Robert, additional, Syritsyn, Sergey, additional, Takhistov, Volodymor, additional, Tsai, Yun-Tse, additional, Wendell, Roger, additional, and Zhou, Ye-Ling, additional

Published
2023
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38. Paper mill wastes and biochar improve physiochemical properties and reduce heavy metals leaching risks in podzolic soils

Author

Muhammad Farhain, Mumtaz Cheema, Muhammad Nadeem, Yeukai Katanda, Raymond Thomas, Bilal Javed, and Lakshman Galagedara

Subjects
podzolic soil, hydrus-1D, wood ash, paper sludge, biochar, leachate, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Background : The incorporation of industrial wastes, such as wood ash and paper sludge, as soil amendments is vital for both environmental sustainability and agroecosystem productivity. Herein, we evaluated the effects of wood ash and paper sludge alone and in combination with biochar on the physicochemical properties and heavy metal leaching risks in podzolic soils. Methods : The treatments included limestone (control), wood ash, paper sludge, wood ash+paper sludge, limestone+biochar, wood ash+biochar, paper sludge+biochar and wood ash+paper sludge+biochar, arranged in a 4 × 2 factorial design with three replicates. The Hydrus-1D model was employed to simulate the water movement under these soil amendments using leaching colums. Results : Overall, wood ash, paper sludge and biochar application significantly increased the pH of amended soil compared to control. Paper sludge amended treatments alone or in combination with biochar significantly decreased bulk density (8%–17%) and increased the total porosity (14%–25%). While biochar addition to wood ash and paper sludge significantly reduced the concentrations of Cd (by 6.42%), Co (by 10.95%), Cu (by 11.76%), Pb (by 30%) and Ni (by 3.75%) in the collected leachates. The treatment paper sludge + biochar was found to be the most effective treatment to retain the heavy metals, with maximum plant available water (0.28 cm ^3 cm ^−3 ) and field capacity (0.36 cm ^3 cm ^−3 ) compared to control treatment. The predictions from Hydrus-1D showed that paper mill wastes with biochar has a significant potential to increase the volumetric moisture contents of amended podzolic soil, with the simulated leaching times and saturation levels closely aligning with the measured values. Conclusion : paper sludge + biochar treatment showed improved soil physicochemical properties and displayed lower heavy metals than allowed limits to be used in soil. Further, experiments are needed to assess the effects of papermill waste products on podzolic soil properties under variable field conditions.

Published
2024
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50. Mobility restrictions in response to local epidemic outbreaks in rock-paper-scissors models

Author

J Menezes

Subjects
epidemic, mobility restrictions, simulations, rock-paper-scissors, ecology, artificial intelligence, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We study a three-species cyclic model whose organisms are vulnerable to contamination with an infectious disease which propagates person-to-person. We consider that individuals of one species perform a self-preservation strategy by reducing the mobility rate to minimise infection risk whenever an epidemic outbreak reaches the neighbourhood. Running stochastic simulations, we quantify the changes in spatial patterns induced by unevenness in the cyclic game introduced by the mobility restriction strategy of organisms of one out of the species. Our findings show that variations in disease virulence impact the benefits of dispersal limitation reaction, with the relative reduction of the organisms’ infection risk accentuating in surges of less contagious or deadlier diseases. The effectiveness of the mobility restriction tactic depends on the deceleration level and the fraction of infected neighbours which is considered too dangerous, thus triggering the defensive strategy. If each organism promptly reacts to the arrival of the first viral vectors in its surroundings with strict mobility reduction, contamination risk decreases significantly. Our conclusions may help biologists understand the impact of defensive strategies in ecosystems during an epidemic.

Published
2024
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