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With the establishment and rapid development of the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (FTZ), the scale of enterprises in the zone has grown rapidly. This paper takes the actual needs of the Shanghai FTZ as the background, extracts key information such as entities from the Big Data related to Internet enterprises, further constructs the enterprise knowledge graph, and applies it to the supervision and service of the FTZ. The enterprise knowledge graph is constructed using the Neo4j graph database. To verify the effectiveness of the named entity identification and relationship extraction methods proposed in this paper, experiments were conducted to validate them, and both achieved good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stock market plays a leading and crucial role in the market mechanism, which connects the savers and investors. So far, there is no uniform regulation on the disclosure requirement of environmental protection information in China. But companies are increasingly concerned about environmental protection and are committed to disclosing more information about environmental protection. It is important to analyze the information on stock market opening and environmental protection by computing technology. For the stock market, as voluntary disclosure of non-financial information, environmental protection information is an important supplement to financial information and is essential for the investors to make decisions. And it is the important content of capital market information. This article through the capital market opening opportunity: Shanghai (Shenzhen) Hong Kong stock connect (the stock market opening mentioned later in this paper all refers to the Shanghai (Shenzhen) Hong Kong stock connect), empirically investigates the stock market opening that affects the environmental protection information disclosure of the company. Our conclusion supports the views that the stock market opening improved the environmental protection information disclosure of the company and promotes the environmental protection behavior of enterprises. Through further analysis, this paper finds that after the officially carried out the stock market opening policy, the attention of many analysts and the participation of foreign institutional investors urge the management to take the initiative to reduce agency costs, which is an important influence mechanism for the stock market opening to affect the disclosure of enterprises' environmental protection information. The evidence of this study indicates that the stock market opening has an important impact on enterprises in China from the following aspects: improving the information disclosure of environmental protection, thus enhancing the company's awareness of environment protecting, and improving the information quality of stock market in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the data of China's A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2003 to 2014 and takes the pilot emission trading policy in 2007 for a quasinatural experiment to explore the role of the pilot emission trading policy in promoting enterprises' green technology innovation. The empirical research shows a Porter effect in the emission trading system in China. Specifically, first, the emission trading policy can significantly promote enterprises' green technology innovation in pilot areas. In addition, the incentive effect of emission trading policy on green technology innovation is significantly different due to the types of green patents. Second, the incentive effect of emission trading policy on enterprises' green technology innovation is different due to the nature and scale of enterprises. The incentive effect is greater in state-owned enterprises than in non-state-owned enterprises, and it is greater in large-scale enterprises than in small-scale enterprises. Finally, the incentive effect of emission trading policy on enterprises' green technology innovation has heterogeneity of regions. It has the greatest incentive effect in eastern region, followed by western region and then central region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustained and stable external financing, affected by the financial environment, is a necessary condition to support the green technological innovation of enterprises. This paper focuses on the impact of bettering the financial environment of digital finance on enterprise green technological innovation, as well as the mediating role of financing costs and financial flexibility in this process. Using China's data on manufacturing enterprises listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2011 to 2018, the hypotheses are tested. The result suggests the following: (a) digital finance effectively promotes enterprises to carry out green technological innovation, specifically, the coverage and depth of digital finance can promote enterprises' green technological innovation, but the degree of digitization has no significant impact; (b) digital finance improves the financial environment by making up the shortage of traditional financial system through reducing financing problems such as "financing difficulty," "matching difficulty," and "supervision difficulty," which make effective contributions to enterprise green technological innovation; (c) financing costs negatively mediate the relationship between digital finance and enterprise green technological innovation, while financial flexibility positively mediates the relationship. Overall, our findings shed light on the role digital finance plays in shaping corporate environmental behavior—and ultimately innovation in sustainability—in financing constraint setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting the innovative development of cities in the metropolitan area holds great significance for China's implementation of the "innovation-driven development" strategy. According to symbiosis theory, this paper constructed a city-based Lotka-Volterra symbiosis model and innovation-level index system. We used the Shanghai metropolitan area as a sample for empirical analysis to explore the evolution of the comprehensive development level of urban innovation under different symbiotic relationships. The research results showed that under a reciprocal relationship, the innovative development of core city and node cities was higher than the actual level; under a mutual inhibition symbiosis or parasitic symbiotic relationship, the innovative development of core city and node cities was lower than the actual level; and under an independent symbiotic relationship, the innovative development of the core city was higher than the actual level, while that of the node cities was lower than the actual level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of environmental policies and industry requirements for enterprise production and management, small- and medium-sized enterprises in environment-related industries were also changing. It was known from the existing research that the investment allocation of assets of small- and medium-sized enterprises was closely related to risk and return, and the leverage ratio of enterprises affected the risk-taking level of enterprises. In the process of sustainable development, enterprises will inevitably bear certain risks, but excessive risk-taking will bring all kinds of uncertainty and bankruptcy risk to the expected income and future cash flow of enterprises. Therefore, taking small- and medium-sized enterprises in environment-related industries as an example, this paper put forward relevant assumptions by analyzing the interaction between the existing enterprise financial asset allocation, risk-taking level and leverage ratio. In order to facilitate empirical analysis, A-share listed companies in environment-related industries in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, small- and medium-sized board and GEM listed companies in Shenzhen stock exchange from 2007 to 2019 were selected as research samples. These data came from the information open platform for small- and medium-sized enterprises in environment-related industries, the research reports of third-party consulting companies and CSMAR and Wind databases. The empirical results showed that the allocation of financial assets had a significant impact on the level of risk-taking, and there was a U-shaped relationship between them when other conditions remained unchanged. At the same time, the financial asset allocation of small- and medium-sized enterprises in Chinese environment-related industries had a significant impact on the enterprise leverage ratio. Under other conditions unchanged, there was a U-shaped relationship between the two. In addition, leverage played an intermediary role in the relationship between financial asset allocation and risk-taking level. In addition to directly affecting the allocation of financial assets, it can also indirectly affect the risk-taking level of enterprises through leverage ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Super high-rise building is a typical architectural form of urban modernization, and it is also the trend of urban architectural development. This paper reviews the development history of super high-rise buildings in China combined with the engineering practice of representative super high-rise buildings since the 1980s, such as the Shanghai Center, Shanghai Oriental Pearl Tower, Jinmao Tower, Shanghai World Financial Center, Canton Tower, and Shanghai Tower. The development process of the key technologies of super high-rise projects from the aspects of several technologies, such as soft soil pile foundation and foundation pit technology, concrete structure construction technology, integral formwork equipment technology, and steel structure comprehensive installation technology, is also elaborated. At the same time, the Shanghai Tower is selected as a typical case to share the innovative technology of China's tallest building. Finally, prospects for development of super high-rise construction technology are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stairways serve as important walking facilities for pedestrians, especially in metro stations, but researches of pedestrian traffic on stairways are not sufficient. This paper investigates pedestrian interactive behaviors (PIBs) under the different level of services (LOS) on stairways, including overtaking behavior and evasive behavior on stairways. Macro and micro indicators are proposed and calculated based on field observation collected from two stairway flights in a certain metro station in Shanghai, China. Results of macro indicators reveal that the characteristics of overtaking behavior and evasive behavior have both similarities and differences. As for similarities, neither of these two types of behaviors would occur under extremely low or high densities, representing LOS A or LOS F. Under other ranges of density, occurrence intensities of pedestrian interactive behaviors on stairways are different. Overtaking behavior intensity shows a rapid increase trend with the density from low to medium, while evasive behavior intensity keeps a certain value. Results of micro indictors show that the available space for overtaking behavior and evasive behavior is the main factor contributing to the above similarities and differences. Characteristics of PIBs under the different LOS present in highway capacity manual are discussed based on field observations. Findings of this research are helpful to understand the knowledge of PIBs on stairways for a better stairway traffic design and level of service evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the end of 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 has severely affected port production and operation. There is little research on the systematic impact assessment. This study took Shanghai Port as an example and evaluated the impact under different scenarios through establishing a System Dynamics model. It is found that the epidemic mainly has a greater impact on passenger transport, but less on cargo transport. The ports with the function of transportation in highway, railway, and waterway were the key nodes in the international logistics network. More attention should be paid to the impact assessment of COVID-19 on ports' production and operation. It is necessary to strengthen the port's collection and distribution capabilities, improve port production efficiency, and further strengthen port modernization. This research method proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the impact assessment of similar events, and the empirical results can provide a reference for handling the epidemic shock for the port and shipping departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper constructs an economic growth model that contains human, physical capital, innovation, and energy factors and estimates the output elasticity of seven provinces and cities in East China in the period of 2004–2018. Having calculated the contribution rate of these different factors to economic growth, the paper finds that factors of production have a different elasticity that impacts the growth of different regions and industries and notes that energy and physical capital are the most significant factors for the growth of primary and secondary industries. This highlights that industrial growth has not freed from the path dependence of extensive input, and the authors cite Shanghai and Jiangsu as typical regions in this regard. The former's growth largely depends on physical capital and energy, and the latter's growth depends on the input of diverse elements including innovation. The latter is better suited to the needs of the "new normal" economic growth. The authors construct a simulation model of economic growth based on system dynamics, and system simulation results show that energy and material capital investment not only have the most significant effect on economic growth in East China but also provide clear evidence of extensive economic growth. The paper then demonstrates that increasing the optimal allocation of input factors and the rational flow between regions is conducive to improving output efficiency and provides the results of the Malmquist index calculation: on the whole, there is no obvious technological progress in East China. Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang are, however, provincial-level regions of this part of the country which demonstrate significant technological progress in East China. In conclusion, the paper suggests that this region of China will be unable to maintain its current level of economic growth because of the combined influence of factor input constraints and insufficient technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

City landscape is an element of city image, and city landscape logo should also belong to the entire system of the city image logo. Since the reform and opening up, China's economic construction industry has attracted worldwide attention, and the improvement of people's living standards has led to the continuous development of urban construction. The original urban style is gradually replaced by high-rise buildings, the differences between cities are getting smaller and smaller, and the people living in them have gradually abandoned the inheritance of various cultures and customs. This paper aims to study the urban landscape information map and its model system based on remote sensing images. With the support of remote sensing image technology and geographic information system platform, the urban landscape information map model system is developed, which can vividly reflect the changes in the urban landscape pattern. The urban landscape information map is used to display and reveal the spatial evolution of the urban landscape in the process of urban development. Result of empirical analysis: it summarizes the methods of geoscience information map and urban landscape information map and establishes the goal and content of researching urban landscape information map. And it provides a basis for solving the problems of urban development and urban management. In 2021, Shanghai's urban areas have occupied more than 80%. It is conceivable that the area of arable land must be very small, but the area of green land still accounts for 40%; compared with last year, it is still an increase of 6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our understanding of the negative implications of the sharing economy is limited, particularly from the perspective of the traditional businesses that are being displaced. To address this knowledge gap, this paper documents our ongoing study of Qiangsheng Taxi, the oldest and largest taxi company based in Shanghai, China. Our aim is to develop a preliminary process model based on the data collected to date that sheds light on the negative implications of ridesharing, one of the most recognized forms of the sharing economy. More specifically, our process model suggests that there are contextual conditions that are particularly conducive to the growth of ridesharing platforms in China and how they accumulate resources, which give rise to four negative outcomes for the traditional taxi business. These negative outcomes, in turn, reinforce the prevailing contextual conditions to form a vicious cycle that exacerbates the negative influence of the ridesharing platforms even further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat pump unit is a host device located in the central air-conditioning terminal, providing cold and hot water. Heat pump unit has the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, easy maintenance, and so on. It is adopted to solve the problems of refrigeration and heating in ventilation and air conditioning from many engineering projects in China. When the equipment is turned on, however, the high noise generated by the heat pump unit has a very negative impact on the life and work of the surrounding residents. Therefore, noise reduction is needed to improve the environment quality. In this paper, the noise of the air-cooled heat pump unit of the square area in Shanghai was detected, the noise source was analyzed, and the corresponding noise reduction scheme was proposed. After the completion of the scheme, measurements indicate that A-weighted sound pressure level is less than or equal to 60 dB (A) during the day and less than or equal to 50 dB (A) at night, which meets the relevant national noise limit emission standards and conforms to the second-class quality standard of the acoustic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prefabricated construction has been widely accepted as an alternative to conventional cast-in-situ construction, given its improved performance. Great efforts have also been made to develop prefabricated construction technologies in China. However, there is a lack of an appropriate pattern for evaluating its comprehensive economic merits, and reasonable mathematical models for providing a comparative analysis of conventional cast-in-situ and prefabricated building projects have yet to be developed. Therefore, the research in this paper aims to comprehensively evaluate the economic benefits of implementing prefabricated construction techniques in order to surpass the economic barrier and promote the development of prefabricated buildings in China. The comprehensive economic evaluation is formulated in terms of resource-use efficiencies, project progress, and incentive policies. An apartment building in Shanghai is selected as a case study. Construction progress is simulated on the BIM platform when the same case study is rationally transformed from the prefabricated to the conventional cast-in-situ construction technique. The results reveal that the comprehensive economic merit can reach ¥739.6/m2 when selecting the prefabricated construction process. The economic benefit brought by shortening the construction period can be regarded as the most significant contributor. Yet, the current incentive policies only contribute 7.1% of the comprehensive economic evaluation. Overall, this research contributes an assessment framework for decision-making in the technique management of building construction. The BIM-based simulation approach can greatly help investors to identify the relevant economic factors and adopt the latest incentive policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the increasingly serious ecological and environmental problems in China, research on enterprises' low-carbon sustainable development behavior (LCSDB) has become a heated discussion. This is also because enterprises are a primary source of carbon emissions and environmental pollution. From the perspective of the board of directors' capital (BODC), this study considers empirical evidence from 286 enterprises listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges in China from 2008 to 2016 to examine the BODC's impact on enterprises' LCSDB and its mechanisms. A group test is conducted using the enterprise's property, nature of rights, and region, among other factors, to investigate the heterogeneity of the impact of board capital on enterprises' LCSDB and its regulatory role. The research indicates (1) an increase in BODC promotes enterprises' LCSDB. (2) An awareness of social responsibility (AOSR) plays an intermediary role in the relationship between BODC and corporate LCSDB. (3) Media attention enhances the BODC's role in promoting enterprises' LCSDB. (4) Government regulatory factors promote the BODC's positive impact on LCSDB. These findings significantly impact the effectiveness of decision-makers within the company, the governance mechanism to address climate change risks, and the possible connection between corporate governance reform and carbon-related policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of wireless communication technology has caused the computing speed and performance of information terminals to increase exponentially. Artificial intelligence technology emerged in this context. As an efficient work system, artificial intelligence has been introduced into many areas of social life. Especially in the field of education, it has made outstanding contributions. At this stage, the conflict between Eastern and Western civilizations is intensifying. As the most active ideological group, college students have not yet formed a scientific understanding of the pros and cons of Eastern and Western civilizations, and it is easy for them to fall into confusion in this kind of ideological turmoil. This requires that the ideological and political education in our country's colleges and universities effectively play a role, strengthen ideological guidance, and create a new system of practical teaching of college ideological and political theory courses under the background of wireless communication. Ideological and political education, as one of the courses with outstanding characteristics in our country's university education courses, has a guiding role that cannot be ignored for university students. This paper uses a questionnaire survey method to conduct an online survey of 500 college students from 6 universities in Shanghai to obtain first-hand information on the current ideological and political practice courses of Chinese universities and then sort out the emergence of artificial intelligence-based decision support systems in China. The practical class encountered difficulties and explored strategies to alleviate this dilemma, hoping to provide a useful reference for the development of ideological and political teaching in China in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether capital market opening improves the price discovery efficiency of stock market is an important issue. Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect (hereafter, SHKSC) is a milestone event in the opening up of China's capital market. Based on SHKSC, using the method of PSM + DID, we study the impact of capital market opening on the price discovery efficiency from two dimensions-stock price information content and price reaction speed to information. Our research shows that capital market opening did not increase stock price information content, but speed up the reaction of price to information. Therefore, capital market opening improves capital market's price discovery efficiency in terms of response speed of stock price to information. Further analysis shows that capital market opening affects stock price reaction speed through improving market information environment and reducing insider trading, but it has not yet had a substantial impact on listed companies' earnings quality, which is the main participant in the capital market, and therefore has failed to influence the stock price information content. In order to maximize the effectiveness of capital market opening, it is necessary to introduce more effective policies to improve the information disclosure quality of listed firms and reduce the level of insider trading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional methods fail to predict the pumping pressure loss of high-performance concrete properly in super high-rise pumping situations due to complex changes of concrete properties. Therefore, it is imperative to propose a relative accurate method for pumping pressure estimation in super high-rise buildings. This paper builds the simplified pressure calculation method "pressure induced by the gravity plus pressure along the pipe line." The later one is gained by establishing topology optimized model based on computational fluid dynamics and considering the lubrication layer formation. The effect of rheological properties and flow rate is analyzed based on this model in detail. Furthermore, the developed calculation method is verified by the measured pumping pressure during the super high-rise building construction of the Shanghai Tower (the tallest building in China recently). The relative differences between the calculation results and the measured data in situ are less than 6%, indicating the applicability of this method for predicting the pressure loss of the super high-rise pumping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exclusive bus lanes have been widely regarded as an effective way to promote bus priority and improve the service quality, while they have not attracted more passengers to travel by bus in China. Also, more attention is usually paid to the infrastructure and facilities of exclusive bus lanes, but not much attention is paid to the passenger satisfaction of public transit with them. Therefore, this paper studies how to improve the service quality of public transit with exclusive bus lanes from a perspective of passenger satisfaction. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was developed to investigate the mechanism of relationships between passenger satisfaction and the factors influencing the service quality of public transit with exclusive bus lanes. A total of 2087 respondents from Shanghai, China, participated in this study. Also, a comparison model of different groups using public transit including captive riders, choice riders, and captive by choice riders was established. Results show that passengers were dissatisfied with the current service of public transit with bus lanes, while they would prefer to take buses in the near future. In addition, travel environment, facilities, and convenience, rather than operational efficiency, had significant effects on passenger satisfaction. Through the comparison model, it was found that choice and captive by choice users might prefer public transit with bus lanes and captive users might be unable to bear the financial burden of private motorized travel. "Crowdedness in the buses on bus lanes during peak hours" especially for choice riders and "driving stability" especially for captive riders were the improvement direction for attracting more passengers to travel by bus. The results and the proposed policies of this study can benefit for the planning and operations of exclusive bus lanes in Shanghai and other similar cities around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parking volume forecast is an indispensable part of the parking guidance and information system (PGIS), which is an important component of the intelligent transportation system (ITS). The parking volume forecast of railway stations' garages will provide information support for garages' management and will also be a great convenience for car passengers. Parking garages of railway stations serve passengers to arrive or depart stations by car, and their arrival or departure behaviours definitely affect parking volumes. The study results showed that different parking behaviours have different characteristics of the parking duration category. Therefore, passenger behaviour analysis based on parking duration category analysis and time series similarity measures was introduced into the forecast model in this research. Also, a novel parking volume forecast model based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed. In this paper, the parking volume data of public parking garages of Hongqiao Railway Station in Shanghai of China is used to verify the model, and the proposed model makes it possible for the accurate and real-time prediction of parking volumes which are divided into different parking duration categories. Compared with the ungrouped data model and the conventional forecast model, the proposed parking volume forecast model based on passenger behaviours with the LSTM network achieves a better performance and provides more accurate prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system of inherent defect insurance is an important measure to serve the real economy through financial means and improve the quality of construction projects, which is the future development direction of China's construction industry. However, the related research is not perfect due to the short implementation of the insurance. This could bring risks to the promotion of insurance for companies. Insurance ruin theory is an important method in risk management theory, so adopting it to manage the risk inherent defect insurance from the perspective of insurance companies is vital. The research starts with the classic insurance ruin theory and determines the coefficient of premium collection from the perspective of claim settlement distribution expectations. Furthermore, the approximate distribution of claim settlement is deduced, and a comprehensive risk assessment model is constructed. Finally, based on the data of insurance actuarial practice in Shanghai, both the ruin probability of inherent defect insurance in each insuring term and its average required initial reserve are calculated, which provides the analyses on the risks and main subitems of inherent defect insurance as well as relevant suggestions. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is used to further analyse the risk of different insurance stages of IDI, and the relevant measures are proposed. The research can provide theoretical assistances for insurance companies to carry out effective risk management and provide model tools to make scientific decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient public transport is more than ever a crucial factor when it comes to the quality of life and competitiveness of many cities and regions in Asia. In recent years, the rail-based urban mass transit has been regarded as one of the key means to overcoming the great challenges in Chinese megacities. The purpose of this study is going to develop a coherent network optimizing for railbased urban mass transit to find the best alternatives for the user and to demonstrate how to meet sustainable development needs and to match the enormous capacity requirements simultaneously. This paper presents an introduction to the current situation of the important lines, and transfer points in the metro system Shanghai. The insufficient aspects are analyzed and evaluated; while the optimizing ideas and measurements are developed and concreted. A group of examples are used to illustrate the approach. The whole study could be used for the latest reference for other megacities which have to be confronted with the similar situations and processes with enormous dynamic travel and transport demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of e-commerce and the dramatic upsurge in direct-to-consumer deliveries, the last-mile problem has become increasingly apparent. With the distinct advantages of bringing economies of scale and providing 24/7 contactless self-service, smart parcel lockers play a critical role in solving the last-mile problem. However, due to a lack of planning, myopia expansion, and an ambiguous profit model, smart parcel locker suppliers in China have been suffering huge economic losses, restricting their further development. In the study, on the basis of an in-depth analysis of the cost elements and major revenue sources of smart parcel lockers, we propose a bilevel programming model to optimize the location of community smart parcel lockers with the upper-level model maximizing the profit of a third-party smart parcel locker supplier and the lower-level model maximizing user satisfaction. Then, a solution algorithm based on the genetic algorithm is proposed. Finally, some numerical experiments are carried out based on a medium-scale residential community in Jiading District, Shanghai. The sensitivity analyses conducted in this study reveal how the user satisfaction evaluation and the investment budget influence the expected profit. The modelling framework and numerical results can provide third-party smart parcel locker suppliers with significant theoretical support and practical guidance on planning the investment budget and optimizing the smart parcel locker locations to maximize their profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental protection tax (EPT) is an important environmental regulation measure in China and an important guarantee for high-quality economic development. An important measure for the construction of ecological civilization is that local governments promote the construction and improvement of EPT in the way of "Fee-to-Tax." The EPT regulates pollution control, protects and improves the environment through taxation, and forms an effective mechanism for polluters to promote ecological civilization. This study made use of the data collected from different listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen provinces from 2010 to 2019, discussing the impacts of EPT on enterprise earnings management. An enterprise analysis model based on IoT-edge computing is suggested to decrease the processing time. The results of the empirical analysis completed in this study showed a significant positive correlation between EPT and enterprise earnings management. In other words, EPT increases the motivation of enterprise earnings management. Moreover, there is heterogeneity in the driving force of EPT on enterprise earnings management. For example, we observed that state-owned enterprises are significantly higher than non-state-owned enterprises. Moreover, pollution-intensive enterprises are significantly higher than non-pollution-intensive enterprises, and economically developed areas are significantly better than economically underdeveloped areas. In order to give better play to the effectiveness of EPT in modern environmental governance, the government should continue to improve the construction of EPT and speed up the construction process of ecological civilization in the republic of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the current development trend of globalization and informatization, traditional transportation technologies and means can no longer meet the needs of economic and social development. Thus, intelligent transportation will be an inevitable and revolutionary choice for the development of the transportation industry. As a subsystem of the intelligent transportation system, the electronic nonstop toll collection (ETC) system provides a good solution to the problems of traffic congestion, environmental pollution, energy consumption, and low toll operation efficiency caused by expressway toll collection. This high-technology system is utilized in many fields, such as radio communication and computer and automatic control in the transportation field. China's expressway ETC systems have evident effects on congestion reduction at toll stations. Although the advantages of ETC lanes are significant, and China actively implements ETC-handling policies, some drivers are reluctant to install ETC on-board systems or they have negative experiences after handling them. According to a survey, existing literature lacks research on the factors affecting user satisfaction with ETC. On the basis of the questionnaire data of ETC user experience in Shanghai and Beijing, we comprehensively investigate the reasons of banking, ETC equipment, and drivers' personal factors and travel characteristics to establish an ordinal logistics model. Through cluster analysis, drivers in the two cities are divided into three groups, and the significance of related variables is further analyzed. This research can help us understand the degree of influence of different factors on user satisfaction with ETC to a certain extent. Moreover, effective methods and measures can be used to promote the popularity of ETC vehicle equipment and the utilization rate of ETC-dedicated lanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researching the relationship between urban agricultural nonpoint source pollution (UANSP) and increases in rural residents' income levels has significant practical implications for effectively controlling UANSP and improving the quality of life of urban residents, and it is conducive to achieving a win-win situation between economic and environmental benefits. This study chooses agricultural statistical data from Shanghai from 1998 to 2019, implements the EKC and the VAR model to dynamically analyze internal interaction between them, and thoroughly examines impact effect and explanatory contribution degree of each variable. The results show the following: (1) There was an inverted "N" curve between plastic film application intensity and rural residents' per capita disposable income; there was a linear decreasing relationship between the intensity of fertilizer and pesticide application and rural residents' per capita disposable income. (2) Nonpoint source pollution emissions will decrease as rural residents' income levels rise. Reduction of nonpoint source pollution can promote the short-term improvement of rural residents' income levels, but it has a negative effect on the long-term improvement of rural residents' income levels. (3) Fertilizer and pesticide application intensity had a low driving effect on rural residents' income growth, whereas plastic film application intensity had a strong driving effect. Therefore, the ANSP of Shanghai should be treated from both long-term and short-term perspectives on the basis of decreasing stage. In the long term, the government should increase farmers' sense of ownership in agricultural nonpoint source pollution control, prioritize the development of ecological circular agriculture, and gradually improve nonpoint source remote sensing monitoring and service management capabilities. In the short term, the government should reduce farmers' nonpoint source pollution through subsidies and technical assistance. To keep costs down, the government established an administrative reward and punishment system to control ANSP at the source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of the Shanghai International Financial Center was completed in 2020, which signaled the new age of financial reforms in China. The Shanghai International Financial Center plays a significant part in the progress of RMB internationalization. However, empirical proof of the impacts remains few. So, we conducted an empirical analysis to determine if the Shanghai International Financial Center promoted RMB internationalization effectively. To obtain robust results, we conducted regressions with Newey–West standard errors, Cochrane–Orcutt estimation, and Prais–Winsten estimation. We observed that the Shanghai International Financial Center has significant positive effects on RMB internationalization by expanding financial scale and activity. The findings give adequate evidence to support the theories advanced in prior research, and the methodology and indicators used in the study may serve as a guide for future research. We made several policy discussions of the findings regarding the continued expansion of the offshore market and capital liberalization within Shanghai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's economic growth has entered "new normal," and the task of reducing carbon emissions has become more onerous. Hence, this study aimed to explore whether China's carbon emissions trading pilot policy stimulated corporate green innovation capabilities. The data pertained to the green patent data of the listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges during 2008-2018. Using a difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD) method, the study took advantage of the variations across regions, across enterprises, and across years and obtained several novel findings. First, the pilot carbon emissions trading policy significantly stimulated the green innovation capabilities of emission control companies in the pilot areas compared with enterprises in nonpilot areas and the nonemission control list. Second, the effect of the policy on the improvement in corporate green innovation capabilities might be driven by the improvement in corporate input factor allocation efficiency and the additional benefits that could be obtained from the carbon trading market. Third, the positive effect of the policy on the green innovation capabilities of state-owned enterprises was more significant. Therefore, the establishment and promotion of a unified national carbon emissions trading market and supporting mechanisms should be accelerated to achieve the balance of stable economic growth and carbon emission task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of autonomous driving technologies, robo-taxis (shared autonomous vehicles) are being tested on real roads. In China, in particular, people in some cities such as Beijing and Shanghai can book a robo-taxi online and experience the service. To examine the influential factors on user acceptance of robo-taxi services, this study proposes and employs an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) with four external factors: perceived trust, government support, social influence, and perceived enjoyment. Data were collected through an online questionnaire in China, and responses from 403 respondents were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Both typical TAM factors—including perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitude—and external factors were found to play significant roles in predicting users' intention to use robo-taxis. The four external factors influenced the user acceptance indirectly via typical TAM factors. Improving users' perceived trust is important for increasing public adoption. A greater emphasis by manufacturers on safety concerns, wider dissemination of information on data protection and safety systems, and government support through incentives for manufacturers and users can help improve public adoption of robo-taxi services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the financial market, because of information asymmetry, investors often ignore private information. Herding behavior in financial markets has become an important research branch of behavioral finance. China stock market has implemented the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect (SHKSC) policy and introduced mature funds, however, has it alleviated the herd effect? This article empirically verifies the existence of China's stock market before and after the implementation of the SHKSC policy. The research in this article found that the implementation of the SHKSC policy has not changed herding behavior. On the contrary, the herding effect has become more serious. It is further found that investors have no obvious investment preference for the industry to which the stock belongs. Investor investment is in line with the phenomenon of "slow rise and sharp fall." When stock prices fall, the herd effect of the Chinese stock market is also more obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field measurement is considered to be the most reliable method to obtain wind characteristics of typhoon, and it is of essential value of further understanding of wind-resistant design of super tall buildings. In this paper, the wind data were recorded atop the Shanghai World Financial Center (SWFC) with a height of 494 m during the whole course of Typhoon Muifa on August 6-8 in 2011. Detailed analysis of the field data is conducted to investigate the characteristics of the typhoon-generated wind including the mean wind speed and direction, turbulence intensities, gust factors, peak factors, turbulence integral length scales, and spectra of fluctuating wind speed. A comparative study between the measured wind characteristics and those previously obtained in the literature is also carried out. It is found that the average values of turbulence intensities, gust factors, and turbulence integral length scales under the condition of Typhoon Muifa are higher than those under monsoon condition atop the SWFC, and Von Karman spectra are suitable to describe of the turbulent kinetic energy distribution at Lujiazui of the Pudong district in Shanghai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to characterize and predict stock returns series in Shanghai stock exchangeusing the concepts of nonlinear dynamical theory. Surrogate data method of multivariate time seriesshows that all the stock returns time series exhibit nonlinearity. Multivariate nonlinear predictionmethods and univariate nonlinear prediction method, all of which use the concept of phase spacereconstruction, are considered. The results indicate that multivariate nonlinear prediction modeloutperforms univariate nonlinear prediction model, local linear prediction method of multivariatetime series outperforms local polynomial prediction method, and BP neural network method.Multivariate nonlinear prediction model is a useful tool for stock price prediction in emergingmarkets.

New economic geography (NEG) raises the question why the "agglomeration shadow" effect is significant in some urban regions but not others. This study attempts to answer this question in the context of China by examining the impact of industrial composition of core cities on regional urban systems. Based on the model of urban location from NEG, this study attempts to examine the population growth of six core cities and their urban systems in China. We find services exert a significantly negative effect on market potential, while that of manufacturing is positive. The results are robust in different spatial scales and time spans. This suggests that strong centralizing and agglomerative effects of higher order service sector are more likely to cast an agglomeration shadow on noncore cities in China's regional urban systems. The differences in industrial composition can explain why an urban region centered on a large core city like Beijing is more likely to cast an agglomeration shadow on its surrounding cities compared to the Shanghai-centered urban region. The findings hold important implications for uneven development of regional urban systems and construction of metropolitan areas in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The elder diabetic patients increases rapidly in China and often accompany with hyperuricemia. Recently evidences show that renal function has been impaired in part of diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and renal function in Chinese elder diabetes with normoalbuminuria. Methods. The physical examination data from 1052 cases of diabetic residents with normoalbuminuria aged 70 years and over in the Jiangchuan community of Minhang District, Shanghai, from October 2011 to September 2014 was analyzed retrospectively. Each received height, body weight, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure (BP), and collected samples of fasting blood and morning urine to detect blood routine, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood lipids, serum creatinine, urinary albumin, urine creatinine, and urine PH value. Correlation between SUA and renal function, an index of which is estimated using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), was analyzed. Results. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 21.10%. Levels of WC and triglyceride (TG) increased and the levels of HbA1c, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), eGFR, and urine PH decreased while the levels of SUA increased. Moreover, negative correlation of eGFR with age, WC, leukocyte, and SUA (Pearson r=0.415) was observed via Pearson correlation analysis. It indicates the strong association between SUA and eGFR. Furthermore, eGFR independently associated with SUA, age, leukocyte, hemoglobin (Hb), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) was confirmed by multiple linear stepwise regression analysis. Conclusion. SUA may play an important role in the decrease of eGFR in elderly Chinese diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]