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Spatial regulation produces different advantages in areas with different land resource endowments. It also affects the welfare of stakeholders in different regions. Existing studies mainly focus on the "visible" welfare "windfalls" and "wipeouts" caused by spatial regulation, yet pay little attention on the "invisible" effects. This article selects Tianyang County (a key development zone) and Tiandong County (a restricted development zone) as its principal research areas. These areas have been divided as part of China's major function oriented zone (MFOZ) planning. The MFOZ represents the most significant and broad exercise in spatial regulation. These regions located in Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. After applying Sen's feasibility capability theory as the foundation on which to build a theoretical framework, this article calculates and compares the changes in farmers' welfare before and after losing land in the key development zones (weak spatial regulation) and the restricted development zones (strong spatial regulation) by using a fuzzy mathematics method. The impact of spatial regulation on the "invisible" welfare of land-lost farmers is then analyzed. The results show that: (1) differences in spatial regulation produce "windfalls" in the total welfare of land-lost farmers in the key development zones, but "wipeouts" in the restricted development zones; (2) the "visible" welfare of economic income for land-lost farmers are "windfalls" in the key development zones, but are "wipeouts" in the restricted development zones; (3) the "invisible" welfares of social security, development opportunities, living conditions and psychological conditions are "windfalls" for land-lost farmers in the key development zones, but are "wipeouts" in the restricted development zones; (4) the "invisible" welfare of living environments for land-lost farmers are "wipeouts" in the key development zones, but are "windfalls" in the restricted development zones. This study thereby provides evidence-based insights which can enable countries to formulate spatial regulation systems that promote balanced development among regions, and to fully consider the "invisible" welfare compensation of land-lost farmers as part of land expropriation compensation policies. • This paper applies Sen's feasibility capability theory as the foundation on which to build a theoretical framework, and calculates and compares the changes in farmers' welfare before and after losing land in the key development zones (weak spatial regulation) and the restricted development zones (strong spatial regulation) by using a fuzzy mathematics method. The impact of spatial regulation on the "invisible" welfare of land-lost farmers is then analyzed. • This paper makes the following two contributions. Firstly, there is no prior research on the "invisible" welfare "windfalls" and "wipeouts" caused by spatial regulation. This paper reveals that spatial regulation not only directly affects the "visible" welfare, in terms of the economic income, of land-lost farmers, but also indirectly affects their "invisible" welfare. Therefore, this article aims to enrich research on the direct and indirect multi-dimensional welfare impact of spatial regulation on stakeholders. Secondly, the current welfare compensation policies for land-lost farmers formulated in different areas of spatial regulation do not fully take into account the issue of invisible multi-dimensional welfare compensation, such as social security, development opportunities, living conditions, living environment, and psychological conditions. The research underlying this paper can therefore provide valuable data and insights which can help countries to formulate a spatial regulation system that will promote balanced development among regions, and can also provide a reference point for governments to improve welfare compensation policies for land-lost farmers by including invisible multi-dimensional welfare compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Danchi metallogenetic belt is a very important Non-ferrous base in China. According to the status of resource mining and theory research, this paper analyzed the geological conditions (i. e. stratum, tectonic evolution and magmatism), in order to supply the theory guidance for the prospecting in this district. The exposure strata consists of Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic and Quaternary, but Devonian is the key stratum, which there is a close relation with Sn–polymetallic deposits. This area, which experienced three tectonic evolution stages, is situated in the south margin of the Yangtze platform. Because of the affect of the tectonic evolution, it was characterized the special geological conditions and mineralization environment. The main magmatism occurred in the medium and late period of Yanshan, including biotite granite, granite porphyry, quartz diorite and white granite, in the pattern of dykes, rock strain, rock bed commonly. In the whole, the prospecting is rather favorable, in the deep or around of the known deposits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, the fluid inclusions study was performed on quartz, sphalerite and calcite from the Sn–polymetallic orebodies of the Dafulou deposit. On the basis of optical observations and microthermometric data, six types of fluid inclusions have been recognized, such as single-phase gaseous fluid inclusions, single-phase salt solution fluid inclusions, two-phase vapour-rich fluid inclusions, two-phase liquid-rich fluid inclusions, three-phase CO2-rich fluid inclusions, solid(s)-bearing fluid inclusions, etc. And it showed that water is the main component, for example the water content of quartz more than 1700μg/g, ranges from 1717 to 2320μg/g. The sphalerite has lower content than quartz, only 978μg/g. The calcite has lowest water content, i.e. 242μg/g and 324μg/g respectively. The gas component of inclusions mainly consists of CO2 and H2O. The main cationic consists of Ca2+, secondly Mg2+, K+ and Na+, only little Li+ and NH4+. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]