Search

Solar energy has been considered as one of the leading renewable energy sources for electric power generation. Therefore, intending to deal with a low energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) materials problems, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are playing an essential role in enhancing the performance and reliability of photovoltaic systems. Consequently, many researchers have focused their studies on using AI applied to photovoltaic solar energy. Adaptative neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has shown excellent performance and potential use among AI methods. Therefore, ANFIS architecture has been widely applied in PV systems, and many papers were found. However, a survey with classifications or comparisons was not detected. In this regard, this paper surveys the literature about ANFIS architecture applied to photovoltaic systems. And, to help the readers, the authors propose new categorization based on applicability. The six different categorizations are Solar irradiance forecasting; Photovoltaic output power estimation; Parameter identification for photovoltaic system sizing; Maximum power point tracking (MPPT); Inverter control; and Fault diagnosis photovoltaic systems. Furthermore, in each categorization, a comparison is made among the papers approached. Finally, a comparison among ANFIS architecture and other techniques also are presented in each categorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper determines by how much alternative electricity generation sources—natural gas, nuclear, hydro, and renewables—displace electricity generation from coal and oil. It does so by employing a first-difference model and a mean-group estimator applied to a panel that spans 1985–2019 for 27 high- and 13 middle-income countries. As such, our approach avoids/addresses several statistical issues common in long-macro panel analyses—heterogeneity, nonstationarity, and cross-sectional dependence—that have largely been ignored/unaddressed in previous displacement studies. Ultimately, we find that the displacement effect is small and only marginally significant for nuclear, and is significant though less than unity for natural gas and hydro, whereas intermittent renewables (solar and wind) have unitary displacement effect. These results suggest a substantially greater displacement potential for alternative generation sources than typically found by the previous literature. In other words, increasing hydro and wind and solar are all impactful ways to decarbonize the electricity system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the significant role of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in achieving environmental sustainability, with a particular focus on enhancing energy efficiency, resource recovery, and water reuse. WWTPs are crucial for removing pollutants and recovering resources from wastewater, thereby protecting public health and biodiversity. However, they are also associated with high operational costs, substantial carbon footprints, and energy-intensive processes. This article delves into various strategies and technologies to overcome these challenges, aiming to transform WWTPs from energy consumers to energy-efficient resource recovery hubs. Techniques such as anaerobic digestion and the use of advanced oxidation processes and microbial fuel cells are investigated for their potential in energy recovery and efficiency enhancement. Success stories from around the globe are highlighted to demonstrate the feasibility of transitioning to energy-positive WWTP operations. The integration of water reuse systems is also discussed, highlighting recent advancements that enable treated wastewater to be repurposed for agricultural, industrial, and potable uses, thereby promoting sustainability and water conservation. This paper emphasizes the importance of integrating cutting-edge energy management practices to minimize environmental impacts, reduce operational costs, and contribute to a more sustainable water sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid system of solar and wind is very useful in your day-to-day life. The various sources generally we are using likes sun energy, wave power generation, hydropower generation, tidewater power energy, and thermal gradient energy sources. This type of energy source is readily available in the environment and can consume maximum power from the actual solar panels and windmills. In this paper, we are using solar energy by using photovoltaic cells, and wind energy by using windmills generator. Solar and wind energy are cost-effective and easy to use. It can be used in mobile phones, Laptops, Daily Home appliances, and various types of lighting loads, which can be the best energy sources for urban, and rural, areas. As day by day, the electricity consumption is increased, because the demand has been increased day by day. We have to switch to other renewable energy sources and use the electricity from these sources. Power-Voltage and Current-Voltage characteristics of solar cell panels were accomplished at different values of irradiance and temperature levels of solar panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present the current situation in the energy sector in Poland, with particular emphasis on the role of renewable energy sources (RES), and to assess the impact of these investments on the future of the energy sector in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: Secondary research was conducted to characterize the energy market in Poland. Documents from four leading electric power producers in Poland were examined. Findings: Despite the fact that Polish energy sector still heavily relies on coal, the future of the Polish energy sector appears to be closely linked to the development of RES. Leading companies operating in the Polish energy sector have adopted strategies involving significant investments in RES. Research limitations/implications: This study focuses on the power sector and does not take into account investments in RES made by households. Therefore, future research could focus on the energy transition of households in particular, identifying the determinants and constraints of this transition. Practical implications: This paper shows how legal regulations, including CO2 emission restrictions and international commitments, affect the current situation of the Polish energy market and shape its development. These regulations also point out the need to accelerate the country's energy transition in order to increase energy security through diversification of energy sources. Social implications: Large-scale investments in renewable energy sources will contribute to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, thus, they will have positive effect on the environment. Originality/value: The issue of energy transition is addressed from both a practical and social point of view. The analysis conducted uses the most recent data, thereby providing up-to-date knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green transition is a challenge for the Polish economy and energy sector. In this paper, the expert method of analysis was applied and findings revealed that the challenges and prerequisites for an effective transformation of the power sector mainly include technical, technological and organizational issues of energy production and use. The provision of electricity at competitive prices and with a low carbon footprint, for individual consumers and industry, is a prerequisite for maintaining the well-being of the population and ensuring the competitiveness of domestically produced goods. The ambitious climate policy goals of the European Union require immediate action and call for radical changes in the Polish energy sector; in the coming years, it must drastically reduce the amount of energy produced from fossil fuels and replace it with so-called green energy from renewable sources. The main purpose of this article was to highlight the need to modify Poland's energy policy until 2040 in order to make it more consistent with the ambitious climate goals of the European Union. This article also shows that Poland's energy transition must include a shift from fossil fuels to renewables, while ensuring that energy security is stabilized by the current energy and generation resources. To this end, we discuss the issues of creating reserves in the national energy system for the entire period of Poland's energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrode played an essential role in the operation of CW-MFC system due to its synergistic effect, and the development of electrode strategy has promoted the application of CW-MFC since 2012. In this paper, according to the material and the quantity, the electrode types in CW-MFC were distinctly divided into unified model, composited model, modified model, and multi-electrodes model combined with non-conductive or conductive particle. Different electrode strategies were provided to improve the performance of CW-MFC towards electricity generation, removal of pollutants, and control of greenhouse gas emission, and the coordination mechanism was further reviewed. Furthermore, the development process of the electrode strategy was summarized, and the low-cost, sustainable, and innovated electrode materials were emphatically recommended. For the scale-up application, multi-electrode model was systematically reviewed based on the optimizing of the material, shape, spacing distance, and connection type of electrode. This review may provide guidance to maximize the advantages of CW-MFC applications. Highlights: • Electronic receiver and non-conductive or conductive particle was firstly classified. • The electrode application on electricity generation and pollutant removal was reviewed. • The application of emerging electrode materials in CW-MFC was summarized. • The multi-anode and multi-cathode strategy may facilitate the scaling-up of CW-MFC. • The development of electrode material was prospected to extend the function of CW-MFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study intensifies the interrelationship between environmental downfall, economic and industrial enhancement, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in the period of 1997 to 2018 for the G-7 and selected five MENA countries. The paper intends to explore how renewable energy, fossil fuel, electricity generation, GDP, and industrialization affect environmental pollution. For a dynamic panel data analysis, some statistical methods have been utilized, including Slope Homogeneity (SH), Cross Section Dependence (CSD), Cross-Section Im-Pesaran-Shin (CIPS), and Cross-Section Augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) of the second generation unit root tests, and the second generation (Westerlund-2007) COintegration test, both Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), Panel-Corrected Standard Error (PCSE), and dynamic generalized method of moments (d-GMM) panel estimation approach have been applied. Feasible generalized least square (FGLS) shows that if GDP, fossil fuel energy consumption, industrialization, and electricity generation, increase by 1% then CO2 emission increases by 79.8%, 5.3%, 10.37%, and 8.26% respectively. If renewable energy increases by 1% CO2 emission decreases by 6.56%. When GDP growth rises, there is a corresponding increase in environmental pollution within industrialized economies. This demonstrates a positive correlation between GDP, industrialization, and CO2 emissions, which means that as the economy grows, environmental degradation will continue to worsen over time. Therefore, concerned parties should take proper policy steps to protect environment in industries and towards sustainable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the swift progression of microelectronics and Internet of Things technology, wearable devices are gradually gaining ground in the domains of human health monitoring. Recently, human bioenergy harvesting has emerged as a plausible alternative to batteries. This paper delves into harvesting human inertial energy that stimulates inertial masses through human motion and then transmutes the motion of the inertial masses into electrical energy. The inertial energy harvester is better suited for low‐frequency and irregular human motion. This review first identifies the sources of human motion excitation that are compatible with inertial energy harvesters and then provides a summary of the operating principles and the comparisons of the commonly used energy conversion mechanisms, including electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric transducers. The review thoroughly summarizes the latest advancements in human inertial energy‐harvesting technology that are categorized and grouped based on their excitation sources and mechanical modulation methods. In addition, the review outlines the applications of inertial energy harvesters in powering wearable devices, medical health monitoring, and as mobile power sources. Finally, the challenges faced by inertial energy‐harvesting technologies are discussed, and the review provides a perspective on the potential developments in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review reports recent breakthroughs in piezoelectric wearable energy harvesting technology, specifically focusing on their harnessing biomechanical energy from all over the human motion. Wearable technology has significantly reshaped our daily lives, prompting a pressing demand for intelligent and novel sensing mechanisms. These wearable devices and sensors often rely on batteries, necessitating frequent replacements or recharging. Leveraging the biomechanical energy of the human body, this paper underscores piezoelectric-based wearable energy harvesting from human motion. The sources of the human body's motion energy are categorized into three distinct groups based on their roles as excitation sources for energy harvesting. Additionally, this paper reviews the latest advancements in piezoelectric wearable technology for electricity generation, explicating the fundamental operational principles, structural designs, materials, and potential applications of piezoelectric wearable energy harvesters. Furthermore, it discusses the prevailing challenges associated with this technology in a dedicated section. Concluding with recommended guidelines, this paper underscores potential opportunities and shed light on future exploration.

This paper explores the significant role of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in achieving environmental sustainability, with a particular focus on enhancing energy efficiency, resource recovery, and water reuse. WWTPs are crucial for removing pollutants and recovering resources from wastewater, thereby protecting public health and biodiversity. However, they are also associated with high operational costs, substantial carbon footprints, and energy-intensive processes. This article delves into various strategies and technologies to overcome these challenges, aiming to transform WWTPs from energy consumers to energy-efficient resource recovery hubs. Techniques such as anaerobic digestion and the use of advanced oxidation processes and microbial fuel cells are investigated for their potential in energy recovery and efficiency enhancement. Success stories from around the globe are highlighted to demonstrate the feasibility of transitioning to energy-positive WWTP operations. The integration of water reuse systems is also discussed, highlighting recent advancements that enable treated wastewater to be repurposed for agricultural, industrial, and potable uses, thereby promoting sustainability and water conservation. This paper emphasizes the importance of integrating cutting-edge energy management practices to minimize environmental impacts, reduce operational costs, and contribute to a more sustainable water sector.

This review reports recent breakthroughs in piezoelectric wearable energy harvesting technology, specifically focusing on their harnessing biomechanical energy from all over the human motion. Wearable technology has significantly reshaped our daily lives, prompting a pressing demand for intelligent and novel sensing mechanisms. These wearable devices and sensors often rely on batteries, necessitating frequent replacements or recharging. Leveraging the biomechanical energy of the human body, this paper underscores piezoelectric-based wearable energy harvesting from human motion. The sources of the human body's motion energy are categorized into three distinct groups based on their roles as excitation sources for energy harvesting. Additionally, this paper reviews the latest advancements in piezoelectric wearable technology for electricity generation, explicating the fundamental operational principles, structural designs, materials, and potential applications of piezoelectric wearable energy harvesters. Furthermore, it discusses the prevailing challenges associated with this technology in a dedicated section. Concluding with recommended guidelines, this paper underscores potential opportunities and shed light on future exploration. • Exploration of principle, material, structure, and potential applications of piezoelectric wearable energy harvester. • Insight into harnessing biomechanical energy generated by human motion to power wearable devices. • Discussion of challenges and opportunities in this field. • Recommendations for future research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modernizing traditional power grids into smart grids represents a significant advancement in improving efficiency and sustainability within the energy sector. However, integrating renewable energy sources and the intricate network of interconnected devices has presented new challenges, especially in grid stability. Anticipating and maintaining grid stability ensures a continuous energy supply and prevents potential disruptions. This research paper explores the smart grid stability issue through machine learning. Two distinct scenarios are examined. In the first scenario, the problem is approached as a binary classification task, where grid states are categorized as stable or unstable, a well-established method for addressing grid stability. In the second scenario, an effort is made to predict continuous values that reflect the degree of grid stability. These continuous values are subsequently mapped to a conditional function, facilitating stability detection based on a predefined threshold. To address data imbalance, two balancing strategies, specifically the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and K-means SMOTE, are employed in each scenario. The analysis covers a range of regressors and classifiers, focusing on tree-based models, boosting algorithms, ensemble learners, and Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP). The investigation results demonstrate that combining the K-means SMOTE strategy with the CatBoost Classifier in the first scenario achieves the highest accuracy, reaching an impressive 99.6%, and an exceptional ability to detect grid instability, achieving 100% accuracy. Furthermore, the results of the second scenario are promising, with accuracy rates reaching 99.4%, thanks to the utilization of a stacking ensemble learner. Notably, this study introduces Explainable AI, a groundbreaking initiative in this field, to delve into the inner workings of the proposed models and enhance their transparency. This pioneering effort marks a significant step forward in understanding and optimizing the predictive capabilities of machine learning models applied to smart grid stability. [Display omitted] • Reframing the smart grid stability problem as a regression task. • Underscoring the significance of predicting the grid stability value. • Assessing the impact of data balancing strategies on the prediction results. • Evaluating several classifiers and regressors for smart grid stability. • Achieving 100% instability detection accuracy using K-means SMOTE and CatBoost. • Pioneering eXplainable AI (XAI) techniques to enhance model transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change presents a substantial impediment for the global community and prompts policymakers worldwide to prioritize environmental goals when defining national development strategies. Prioritizing these goals is particularly challenging for governments of developing economies still relying on fossil fuels, foreign capital, and industry contribution to GDP. This study examines the relationships between carbon dioxide emissions, industry value added, financial development, and electricity generation in 15 Central and Eastern European countries from 1995 to 2021. To achieve this objective, we examined stationarity and cointegration and employed a vector error correction model to investigate causalities between the variables, along with a variance decomposition analysis. Our findings suggest that the short-run unidirectional causalities exist from industry value-added to carbon dioxide emissions and from carbon dioxide emissions to financial development and electricity generation. Long-term causality exists between carbon dioxide emissions and industry value added. The findings shed light on the challenges and opportunities these countries face in transitioning to climate neutrality and meeting the decarbonization targets. Within this context, the findings underscore the significance of crafting customized strategies for these economies to navigate the complex landscape of climate change while promoting sustainable industrial, electricity and financial sector development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve the carbon neutralization plan by 2060, China implemented the "Dual Control" (Neng Hao Shuang Kong in Chinese) policy in 2015 by limiting the energy intensity and consumption, leading to forced slowdown of energy-related production and consumptions, which in turn hampered China's economic growth. The economic impact of energy shortage has been discussed in such studies as Cheng et al., the economic consequences of the new policy remain unanswered. In this article, we select China's provincial GDP and electricity generation data from 2001 to 2021 to perform causality tests and a double log model which delineates the nexus between GDP growth and electricity generation. We find that (a) electricity generation growth Granger causes GDP growth but not vice versa, and (b) a 1% increase in electricity generation growth will lead to 0.17% increase in GDP growth. The significance of the finding is: as coal still primarily fuels electricity generation, dual control will further hinder China's economic development sans significant enhancement of electric system or expansion of renewable energy, our findings thus support an upgrade of current grid network by China Power International Development; an expansion of renewable capacity such as a proposal of 400 GW new energy project; and construction of energy storage devices such as the CGD Group thermal storage System and Yingcheng Compressed Air Energy Storage System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity generation and chemical production are both critical cornerstone for modern society. Integrating electricity output and high value chemical production in an electrochemical system is highly attractive both environmentally and sustainably. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the development of these multifunctional devices (electrocatalytic flow batteries) that could generate both electricity and high value chemicals through rational coupling of half‐electrode reactions, covering the basic principles, device configurations, and applications. We also discuss the current challenges and suggest potential research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A universal strategy that integrates PAA grafting, ion exchange, and in-situ chemical reactions to synthesize photothermal materials for enhanced solar-driven interfacial evaporation and gradient materials for electricity generation, respectively. [Display omitted] • A universal strategy is proposed for the preparation of SDIE and FFIPG materials. • Synthesized nanoparticles or nanoplates are evenly spread on SDIE fabric fibers. • A combination of one-way flow and suspension mode is used for fluid evaporation. • All SDIE fabrics achieve excellent evaporation rates at 0.5 cm suspension height. • The fluid flow can constantly generate a potential difference across the FFIPG fabrics. In our contemporary society, addressing the increasingly pressing global resource shortage, particularly the scarcity of vital water resources and energy, is critical for human survival. This paper presents a strategy that integrates PAA grafting, ion exchange, and in-situ chemical reactions to synthesize photothermal materials for enhanced solar-driven interfacial evaporation and gradient materials for electricity generation, respectively. The obtained photothermal material demonstrates exceptional light absorption and photothermal conversion performance. By employing a unique combination of unidirectional flow and suspension mode for water evaporation, remarkable evaporation rates are achieved, with all samples exceeding 2.03 kg m-2h−1. The hybrid mode is also applied to saltwater treatment, where it is found that the evaporation rate is not significantly affected, regardless of the salt concentration. No change in the evaporation rate is observed even after 12 h of continuous treatment with 10 % brine, indicating the robustness and stable performance of the evaporative materials. For the synthesized gradient materials, the flowing fluid can establish a potential difference at both ends of the gradient fabric. The magnitude of open circuit voltage and short circuit current can be controlled by adjusting the measurement distance, the deposited nanoparticles with different polarity and the amount of charge carried. We acquire a maximum output of 209.7 mV using the gradient Cu-S/PAA-cotton fabric, which can be connected in series to power small electronic devices like a digital watch. This research not only advances the design and practical application of high-performance solar evaporators but also illuminates a novel pathway for developing electricity-generating materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating PV solar cells with concentrators into window systems can not only generate electricity for a building, but also has the potential to enhance the thermal resistance of the building's windows without a significant sacrifice of light transmittance for passive daylight. A novel system, known as the crossed compound parabolic concentrator photovoltaic window, has been recently studied for its electrical properties. However, its thermal and optical performance, particularly in terms of the overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) and total optical transmittance when integrated into a building, remains unexamined. These factors are crucial for predicting the system's impact on a building's energy efficiency and indoor comfort. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the U-value of this window system under various temperature scenarios and the optical transmittance of the window at different incident angles. The thermal conductance was assessed through numerical simulations using a computational fluid dynamics model, which was validated by experimental measurements conducted in a large climate chamber. The optical transmittance was investigated using a validated 3D ray-tracing model. The total optical transmittance and electricity generation were calculated for typical sunny days in winter and summer under London's climate conditions. Additionally, alternative designs were developed to explore the impact of pitch between adjacent optics on the thermal conductance and optical transmittance of the window. The results showed that the window with a configuration of D x = D y = 5 mm (where D x and D y represent the horizontal and vertical pitches, respectively, between two adjacent solar optics) achieved the lowest U-value (2.566 W/m2·K). This U-value is slightly lower than that of the original window design, which has a U-value of 2.575 W/m2·K. The original window configuration with D x = D y = 1.77 mm produces the highest power output. Specifically, it generates 499.25 Wh/m2 on a typical sunny day in winter and 162.73 Wh/m2 on a typical sunny day in summer. However, it exhibits the lowest transmittance (14.6 % on a typical sunny day in winter and 25.2 % on a typical sunny day in summer, respectively), indicating that it is more suitable for buildings with a higher window-to-wall ratio to ensure an adequate amount of natural light. For buildings with a lower window-to-wall ratio, the CCPC-PV window should be designed with a larger horizontal pitch, such as 15 mm and 30 mm, to meet indoor illuminance requirements while also providing enhanced thermal performance and additional power output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systems of policies impacting climate change mitigation are complex. Yet, to date, we have limited conceptual and empirical knowledge on the dynamics within these. We address this gap by employing a systems lens to untangle the interactions between the policies affecting climate change mitigation in the electricity generation space. We conceptualise climate policyscapes for electricity generation as systems populated with policies whose means impact decarbonisation in the electricity generation space. The impacts under analysis include both support and obstruction of climate change mitigation. We analyse the evolution of the UK climate policyscape from 1956 to 2022. Methodologically, we combine qualitative content analysis and network analysis. We populate the policyscapes with pieces of legislation in the electricity generation space and employ qualitative content analysis to identify the policy means affecting climate change mitigation. Our network analysis of the 2022 climate policyscape reveals that policies hindering climate mitigation remain largely present, which renders the climate policyscape incoherent. We show that policies supporting mitigation are more likely to behave as a group than policies hindering climate mitigation. Climate policies tend to be adopted as packages, whilst fossil policies remain a steady process throughout the history of the UK climate policyscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions induced environmental hazards is one of the most important goals of future research the energy economy and the environment. This challenge is becoming more important in developing countries, including Iran, with high energy intensity and is one of the leading countries in GHG emissions. This study aims to visualize emissions from electricity generation in Khuzestan province, southern Iran. Khuzestan is the largest producer of electricity and the country's energy capital. Khuzestan's electricity supply and demand system was simulated and examined under green scenarios till 2050 by assessing the existing situation and choosing a suitable low-carbon energy system for the future. One of the results of this research is to reduce emissions in terms of energy management strategies in the short term and the ineffectiveness of development strategies regardless of consumption management strategies. Electricity supply optimization scenarios are attractive in the long term, which indicates the costly implementation of development strategies. Combining solutions to balance the energy economy and environment is more effective. The OKEP scenario as a combination of consumption management and development strategies showed that it would maintain its positive impact in the short and long term and successfully reduce emissions. In this scenario, the net present value (NPV) attractiveness is over $ 6706 million and saves the emission of 179 MtCO2e. Compared to the business as usual (BAU) scenario, more than 90 Bm3NGe savings and a 3.62% increase in renewables share are other benefits of this scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignocellulosic biomass holds a potential to be used in the production of biofuels and bioelectricity, as an economic and eco-friendly substrate. The production of bioethanol and bioelectricity was evaluated in a microbial electrochemical reactor using wheat straw hydrolysate. Wood degrading white-rot fungi, Phlebiafloridensis, was used to prepare wheat straw hydrolysate. An efficient bioconversion of sugars present in wheat straw hydrolysate into ethanol and electricity has been demonstrated to achieve a cost-effective and net-zero emissions goal using co-cultures of yeasts. The fermentation was performed in a single vessel electrochemical bioreactor using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia fermentans. Both the yeasts were allowed to ferment WS hydrolysate up to 15 days as pure or co-culture. Co-culture of yeasts showed electrochemical response in terms of maximum power density (77.5 mW m−2) using WS hydrolysate. Maximum ethanol production of 8.7% (w/v) was observed on the 5th day. Thus, the results of this study validate the use of biological integrated approach like microbial electrochemical reactor to produce ethanol and electricity from wheat straw hydrolysate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity distribution has become one of the most essential components of our society since the beginning of human civilization, relying on an abundant, reliable, and affordable power supply. Fossil fuels dominate the production of electricity (89.57 %), emitting 68.7 % of greenhouse gases, polluting water and soil, and depleting fossil fuels. Future energy needs are faced with growing demand for coal (772 million tonnes by 2040) and fluctuating fuel prices. The Indian power sector withdraws over 20 billion m³ of water, whereby coal power plants use around 35 % of freshwater. Among the seventeen sustainable development goals, Goal 7 emphasizes meeting the demand for electricity, the availability of clean fuels, and mitigating air pollution. In 2021, about 747 TWh of energy consumption was met by coal, oil (92 TWh), and solar energy (25 TWh). Renewable power would meet the world’s growing energy needs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, boost the economy, and strengthen the society. Therefore, renewable energy has gained global attention as a sustainable electricity source. For this, a thorough examination of the economic and social implications of electricity generation technologies must be carried out. This study discusses how fossil fuel-based electricity generation affects global health and the environment and helps achieve Goal 7 of the sustainable development goals. All sectors must work together to stop global warming and water war and make electricity available worldwide for integrated development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Anammox anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell (Anammox AFB-MFC) exhibits exceptional performance in both nitrogen removal and electricity generation, effectively eliminating ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2−-N) pollutants. This technology offers the advantages of high efficiency in nitrogen removal and low electricity consumption. By coupling an AFB with an MFC, the Anammox AFB-MFC was developed through the introduction of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) into MFC. Anammox AFB-MFC's nitrogen removal ability was found to be superior at an influent COD concentration of 200 mg/L, as determined by a study conducted under unchanged conditions. Subsequently, an open and closed-circuit experiment was performed on the Anammox AFB-MFC system while maintaining a COD concentration of 200 mg/L in the influent. Remarkably, the reactor exhibited significantly enhanced nitrogen removal performance when electricity generation occurred. Throughout the entire experimental process, the reactor consistently maintained high nitrogen removal efficiency and electricity production performance. Under optimal experimental conditions, the reactor achieved a remarkable nitrogen removal rate of 91.8% and an impressive output voltage of 439.1 mV. Additionally, the generation of Anammox bioparticles in MFC significantly contributed to efficient pollutant removal. This study elucidates the impact of organic matter on both the nitrogen removal and electricity generation capabilities of Anammox AFB-MFC, as well as highlights the synergistic effect between MFC electricity generation and nitrogen removal in the reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment / Nongye Ziyuan yu Huanjing Xuebao is the property of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The electrode played an essential role in the operation of CW-MFC system due to its synergistic effect, and the development of electrode strategy has promoted the application of CW-MFC since 2012. In this paper, according to the material and the quantity, the electrode types in CW-MFC were distinctly divided into unified model, composited model, modified model, and multi-electrodes model combined with non-conductive or conductive particle. Different electrode strategies were provided to improve the performance of CW-MFC towards electricity generation, removal of pollutants, and control of greenhouse gas emission, and the coordination mechanism was further reviewed. Furthermore, the development process of the electrode strategy was summarized, and the low-cost, sustainable, and innovated electrode materials were emphatically recommended. For the scale-up application, multi-electrode model was systematically reviewed based on the optimizing of the material, shape, spacing distance, and connection type of electrode. This review may provide guidance to maximize the advantages of CW-MFC applications. Graphical Abstract

• Develop a model of the TEG module (TG12-8-01 L) in MATLAB/Simulink to check its electrical characteristics prior to the design of the cookstove. • Implement fuzzy logic-based MPPT to accurately track optimum power from the TEG module. • Develop a modified and affordable prototype of a thermoelectric generator based improved biomass cookstove (TIBC). • Assess the effectiveness of the developed TIBC prototype based on the comparative analysis. Most of the people in the rural areas cook their food in traditional biomass cookstove which emits a lot of emission that leads to poor health of the women and children. This paper points out a technology that utilises a thermoelectric generator (TEG), which converts thermal energy into electrical energy directly. A TEG is a small plate made of semiconductor p-n junctions connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel. The difference in temperature produced on the hot side and cold side of the TEG is proportional to the voltage generated. The TEG is integrated into the wall of the inner combustion chamber of the biomass cookstove with the help of heat plate and the cold side of the TEG is connected to a flower-type heat sink to maintain the temperature difference. The power generated by the TEG is used to drive a 12 V DC fan which helps to keep the cold side of the TEG relatively cooler and direct the same air inside the inner combustion chamber of the cook stove through holes to increase the air-to-fuel ratio. As a result, it improves the cookstove's combustion, thereby reducing emissions and increasing thermal efficiency. For testing the efficiency of the TEGs available in the market, a hit and trial method is used by taking TEGs of different specifications and connecting them to a hot side and a cold side test bed and then finally the performance is realized. Therefore, for every different TEG, a hardware has to be made for final conclusion of the result. To eliminate the hit and trial method, the electrical characteristics of thermoelectric generator module has been analysed by modeling a TEG module in MATLAB/Simulink and implementing it with fuzzy logic control (FLC) based MPPT utilizing a DC-DC boost converter with a constant as well as variable load. This fuzzy logic-based scheme exhibits fast dynamic response and precisely tracks the maximum power point (MPP) from TEG under varying load conditions. Based on the robust performance of the obtained simulation results, the TEG module is integrated and tested in the laboratory using a thermoelectric generator based improved biomass cookstove (TIBC). The novelty lies on the concept of using MATLAB/Simulink platform by modeling the FLC based MPPT incorporating boost converter to test the performance of TEG module for its integration with TIBC and eliminating traditional hit and trial method. This TIBC is able to power the fan directly within just 2–3 min using the electricity generated by the TEG module. The maximum power generated from the TIBC is 6.25 W using a single TEG. The fan requires 1.4 W and rest of the power was used to charge auxiliary battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the way to complying with the 2015 Paris agreements regarding climate change, there are notable differences between the positions of the countries. Even considering the same geographical area such as Europe, the existence of a supranational environmental policy, assumed by the 27 European Union (EU) countries, generates evident differences with neighboring countries that do not belong to this organization. In this paper, 17 indicators related to electricity generation are proposed and, based on the information from the year 2020 of these indicators for 45 European countries, two multivariate techniques are applied with the aim of verifying whether or not such a policy generates similarities and differences between those countries affected by such supranational policy and those who are not obligated to apply it. The initial hypothesis seems to have been fulfilled in part: the non-EU countries have mainly been grouped together, while the members of the EU have separated from them. This result would be in line with the fact that the supranational policy of the EU seems to have the expected effect of homogenizing the countries in terms of the energy variables considered in this analysis. • Analyse differences in use of renewable energy resources and electricity generation in Europe. • Multivariate techniques to identify groups of countries with similar characteristics. • Seven groups of European countries founded. • Conclusions about energy policies in the use of renewable resources for each group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Accurate forecasting is one of the keys to the efficient use of the limited existing energy resources and plays an important role in sustainable development. While most of the current research has focused on energy price forecasting, very few studies have considered medium-term (monthly) electricity generation. This research aims to fill this gap by proposing a novel forecasting approach based on zero-shot transfer learning. Specifically, we train a Neural Basis Expansion Analysis for Time Series (NBEATS) model on a vast dataset comprising diverse time series data. Then, the trained model is applied to forecast electric power generation using zero-shot learning. The results show that the proposed method achieves a lower error than the benchmark deep learning and statistical methods, especially in backtesting. Furthermore, the proposed method provides vastly superior execution time as it does not require problem-specific training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the potential for renewable energy-based electricity generation using existing wave, wind, and solar energies in Türkiye. A significant part of Türkiye's energy needs is still met using fossil fuels. Considering the country's resources, renewable energy sources appear as an alternative source to meet these needs. The objective of this study is to find an effective, efficient, economical, environmentally friendly, and sustainable way to produce electricity to reach net-zero targets and transition towards low-carbon and carbon-free energy systems. To be able to make a deep investigation about the relevant issue, six provinces from different regions of Türkiye (Antalya, Çanakkale, İstanbul, İzmir, Kırklareli, and Muğla) are assessed in terms of wave, wind, and solar energy potential, including wave data, wind speeds, sunshine duration, and global radiation values. Wind, wave, and solar energy data of the selected regions were taken from the ERA5 database, which is the weather forecast model of the European Center for Medium-Term Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of the Republic of Türkiye and the General Directorate of Meteorology. Calculations were made using monthly data for the last 5 years. Considering the coastal lengths in the determined regions, the annual total electrical power produced from wave, solar, and wind energies was calculated. In these calculations, the coastal length parameter was assumed to be uniform across all cities, and the electrical power potential from these energy sources was analyzed. Within the framework of these analyses, the number of houses in the selected regions whose electricity needs can be met was calculated. As a result, the potential electrical power and the amount of affordable housing units in the selected regions were compared. As an important result of the studies, it was determined that the characteristic features of the selected regions, such as wavelength, wave height, and wind speed, were directly related to the applicable coast length. The power obtained from wave energy was higher than that from other renewable energy sources, considering the determined coast lengths. Wave energy was followed by parabolic solar collector, wind, and photovoltaic solar energy systems. According to the model, the power obtained from renewable energy systems was at the highest level in the Kırklareli/Demirköy province compared to other locations. Kırklareli was followed by İstanbul, Antalya, İzmir, Muğla, and Çanakkale. It was also found that the electricity needs of 763,578 houses were met in the Kırklareli/Demirköy region, and the electricity needs of 470,590 houses were met in the Çanakkale/Ayvacık region. The statistically optimized factors using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for wind, photovoltaic, parabolic solar collector, and wave power were reported as 995.278, 4529.743, 2264.546, and 276,495.09, respectively. The optimal factors aim to achieve a total electricity generation rate of 2.491 × 109 (kWh/year), a total number of houses of 682,590.55 (number/year), and a total cost of USD 813,940,876. In line with the results obtained, the Kırklareli/Demirköy region becomes favorable when considering wave and wave-integrated wind and solar energies. The proposed system has the potential to meet the entire electricity demand of the Kırklareli province based on data from the Republic of Türkiye Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

War conditions always pose a series of challenges for a country, including ensuring the security and efficiency of the energy system. In such circumstances, the development and improvement of the country's energy system become particularly important. One of the main tasks of the energy system in wartime is to ensure the provision of electricity for civilian and military needs. To achieve this, it is necessary to ensure the uninterrupted operation of power plants and power transmission networks, as well as to carry out timely repair work and equipment replacement. Additionally, it is important to en)sure the energy security of the country. War conditions may lead to a decrease in energy production, which can result in dependence on the import of energy resources. Therefore, the development of do)mestic energy and the use of renewable energy sources become especially relevant. It is also important to develop and implement new technologies in the energy system, which will reduce energy production costs and increase its efficiency. For example, the use of modern energy flow management systems and remote monitoring will ensure the optimal operation mode of the energy system. Ukraine has significant potential for the development of wind, solar, and hydro energy. One of the main directions for the development of domestic energy is increasing the number of installed wind and solar power plants. In particular, the Ukrainian government plans to increase the share of electricity production from wind and solar power plants to 25% of the total production volume by 2035. Another important direction for development is the modernization of existing hydroelectric power plants and the construction of new ones, which will increase the electricity production capacity using water energy. Ukraine also has potential for the development of bioenergy, including the use of biomass and agricultural waste for electricity and heat production. Overall, the development of domestic energy has significant potential to reduce Ukraine's dependence on imported energy resources, decrease emissions into the atmosphere, and improve the environmental situation in the country. Therefore, the development and improvement of the country's energy system in wartime are important tasks that will ensure uninterrupted functioning, increase efficiency, and provide energy security for the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are devices where bacteria generate electrical energy by oxidizing organic matter in wastewater. The implementation of MFCs on a commercial scale is limited due to electrode resistances, which are one of the key factors limiting electricity generation. This study presents a method to maximize the electrical power production from MFCs by coating the electrodes using nanomaterials which leads to prototyping novel electrodes having higher electrical conductivity than common electrodes. The voltage reached 1.234 V directly after operating the MFCs, with nanocoated electrodes, and showed voltage stability till the end of the 140 h interval with a peak value of 1.367 V with a maximum areal power density of 116 mW m−2 and a maximum volumetric power density of 15.6 mW m−3. However, the voltage of the control (without coating) was steadily increased to 0.616 V after 22 h with a maximum areal power density of 23.6 mW m−2 and a maximum volumetric power density of 3.2 mW m−3 then showed voltage stability till the end of the 140 h interval. It was found that the coulombic efficiency of the MFCs where its electrodes are coated with graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets was higher than graphene, carbon nanotubes, and the control in a descending order, respectively. By this method, it is possible to improve the electrical conductivity of the MFCs which results in increasing the generated electrical power by 4.9 times the conventional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology efficiently handles the two issues of pollution removal and energy generation at the same time; however, it is limited in its use due to a few fundamental constraints. The key operational constraints of the MFCs are the high cost of electrodes and membranes. To address these issues, carbonized corncob anodes were prepared, and the effect of chemical treatments such as 20% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 1 N NaOH, and 1 N FeCl3 on the performance of a single chamber MFC was examined. The comparison of single-chamber MFCs with the bare anode (without any chemical treatment) and the chemically treated carbonized corncob anode were performed. The comparison revealed the excellent electro-catalytic activity in MFC with 20% H2O2 treated anode, exhibiting 91% decrease in internal resistance along with 89% improvement in the maximum power density (89.7 mW/m2). The H2O2-treated anode demonstrated an increase in oxygen molecule containing functional groups which favored the electron transfer between the bacteria and electrodes. Furthermore, MFCs with 20% H2O2-treated anode resulted in 18% higher decolorization efficiency of dye wastewater than bare anode. The use of corncob as an anode material made the MFC device construction easier and economical and provided a way forward to study other cheap agro waste materials for use as anode and cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green transition is a challenge for the Polish economy and energy sector. In this paper, the expert method of analysis was applied and findings revealed that the challenges and prerequisites for an effective transformation of the power sector mainly include technical, technological and organizational issues of energy production and use. The provision of electricity at competitive prices and with a low carbon footprint, for individual consumers and industry, is a prerequisite for maintaining the well-being of the population and ensuring the competitiveness of domestically produced goods. The ambitious climate policy goals of the European Union require immediate action and call for radical changes in the Polish energy sector; in the coming years, it must drastically reduce the amount of energy produced from fossil fuels and replace it with so-called green energy from renewable sources. The main purpose of this article was to highlight the need to modify Poland’s energy policy until 2040 in order to make it more consistent with the ambitious climate goals of the European Union. This article also shows that Poland’s energy transition must include a shift from fossil fuels to renewables, while ensuring that energy security is stabilized by the current energy and generation resources. To this end, we discuss the issues of creating reserves in the national energy system for the entire period of Poland’s energy transition.