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Objective The increase in atmospheric CO2 and the associated global warming is expected to affect plant growth and development. This paper investigates the spatiotemporal variation in vegetation phenological traits and peak NDVI of plants in Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia. [Method] The analysis was based on MOD13Q1 data from 2001 to 2021. The impact of climatic factors on spatiotemporal variation in the start of season SOS, the end of season (EOS), the length of season (LOS), the peak of season (POS), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the vegetations in the region was analyzed using the two-logistic and four-parameter model. [Result] The SOS started from the end of May to the middle of June, and ended from the middle of September to the beginning of October. The annual peak LOS and POS ranged from 95 to 116 days, and from 200 to 220 days, respectively. The annual peak NDVI ranged from 0.5-0.7. Climate change delayed the onset of SOS, reduced LOS, and elevated peak NDVI. Additionally, the delayed SOS contributed to the decrease in LOS. The changes in EOS and POS with climate were consistent. SOS, EOS and POS were negatively correlated to temperature and positively correlated to precipitation. The peak NDVI was positively correlated to temperature and precipitation. [Conclusion] The vegetation phenology and peak NDVI in the Hetao Irrigation District were spatially heterogeneous, and the impact of climatic factors on them also varied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]