The authors explore the trends in the human health risks caused by air pollution and changing levels of weather and climate comfort on the territory of Russia in 2020–2050 under two climate change scenarios. Generally, the dynamics of risks is expected to be moderate. It will presumably be characterized by inter-scenario variability and dispersion by the country's climate zones. In certain areas, primarily in Siberia, very noticeable trends have been revealed. The paper shows a need for additional attention when planning the measures of adaptation to climate change in southern and central regions of European Russia, most of Western Siberia, the Magadan oblast and Kamchatka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Predictive estimates of changes in the climatological boundary of the permafrost zone as a function of the average annual air temperature in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra under various global economy scenarios until the middle of the XXI century have been obtained. The permafrost climatological boundary shift in the northeasterly direction observed in the period from 1950 to 2010 was determined from the threshold average annual air temperature. According to the adjusted scenario forecasts obtained using the climate model, it will continue in the coming decades under any global economy scenario and is an inevitable consequence of the anthropogenic influence on the climate. The study results are important for assessing the prospects and development of a long-term observation network created to monitor the permafrost state and greenhouse gas fluxes in the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]