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2. [Discussion following the introductory paper on geriatrics and long term care].
- Subjects
- Aged, Denmark, Female, Humans, Male, Geriatrics, Long-Term Care
- Published
- 1969
3. SOME COMMENTS ON ERIK JÖRGEN HANSEN'S PAPER: "THE PROBLEM OF EQUALITY IN THE DANISH EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE".
- Author
-
Berner, Boel
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL equalization ,HUMAN sexuality ,SOCIAL groups ,EQUALITY - Abstract
This article examines Erik Jörgen Hansen's paper concerning Danish educational equalization. He starts by discussing a certain specified goal, social equality in the field of education. He then deals with a number of obstacles which according to him prevent the realization of the desired goal in existing school systems. Finally he proposes certain measures to clear away the obstacles or minimize their importance. The goals discussed by Hansen is social equality in the field of education. What this means to him he discusses at some length and comes out with a number of definitions. One of these, consistent equality, he then tries to operationalize. This means in its general version that equality is reached when the educational system is so constructed, that it for all leads to a result that does not make it possible to find any useful criterion according to which individuals can be singled out in relation to the education obtained. In a more limited way this goal can be said to have been reached if the individuals in various categories, examples are social groups, geographical area, sex and others, on the average, regardless of category, reach a completely identical educational result.
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Newspapers and Rock and Roll Riots in Copenhagen.
- Author
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Blegvad, Britt-Mari Persson
- Subjects
RIOTS ,TEENAGERS ,AMERICAN films ,PUBLIC demonstrations - Abstract
This article presents information about the riots, which broke out after the first performance of the American motion picture "Rock Around the Clock" in Copenhagen, Denmark. During the first performance in the afternoon no incidents occurred, neither at the Bristol nor at the other cinema, the Platan, were the film was also shown. The riots did not begin until after the second evening performance. Another three policemen were ailed in before the end of the performance. As the filmgoers came out of the cinema, some youths made for the Town Hall Square. Some of them walked on toward the main entrance of the Tivoli where they tried to get in without paying. The Tivoli staff at the main entrance called for the police who arrested nine persons. The next day on August 6th, a crowd numbering about three hundred young people gathered outside the Bristol after the first evening performance. After about half an hour the general sentiment of the group began to grow increasingly aggressive. The young people encumbered the street-users, and gradually traffic came to a stop. The crowd was dispersed by the police, and was dosed to through-going traffic. Then the youths set out for the Town Hall Square through the cross streets. The police cleared the square several times during that night. Sixteen persons were apprehended.
- Published
- 1964
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN THE SCANDINAVIAN PRESS.
- Author
-
HEMÁNUS, PERTTI
- Subjects
PRESS ,TRENDS ,NEWSPAPER publishing ,COMMERCIALIZATION ,WORLD War II ,NEWSPAPER advertising laws - Abstract
The article discusses the development trends in the press of several Scandinavian countries, including Finland, Denmark, and Norway. It states that since the Second World War, publication of newspapers in Scandinavia has shifted economically and technologically toward a large-scale or primarily medium industry. It explores the development tendencies in the press by commercialization, one-sidedness, and centralization. It highlights the laws for advertising market in Scandinavia. It mentions that the Finnish press committee proposed several measures, such as budget allocation for newspapers' transportation subsidies.
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. NEWS NOTES.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,GASTROENTEROLOGY ,CONTESTS ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,MEDICAL societies ,STUDY & teaching of medicine ,HEPATITIS - Abstract
Presents updates on several events related to gastroenterology as of March 1970. Rorer Awards Contest of the American College of Gastroenterology in the U.S.; Congress of the International Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Copenhagen, Denmark; Postgraduate Course on Hepatitis in Aspen, Colorado.
- Published
- 1970
7. Security Risk.
- Author
-
Szilard, Leo
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,PHYSICISTS ,PUBLICATIONS ,NUCLEAR energy ,GRAPHITE ,URANIUM - Abstract
The article focuses on the initiative of scientist Leo Szilard to encourage physicists in America, England, France and Denmark to deter publication of papers related to atomic energy. It is indicated that his paper on the possibility of keeping a chain reaction in a system consisted of graphite and uranium was the first one withheld, as requested by the government. After the war, he was the one of the people who interfered with the publication of the Symth Report, since he felt that it will risk national security.
- Published
- 1954
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Calendar of Events.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,COMPUTER industry - Abstract
The article presents information on the chronology of events related to the field of computer industry. Workshop on Quantized Computer Graphics Systems, Argonnc National Laboratory, to be held from November 14-15, 1972 in Argonne, Illinois. Data Centre 72, to be held from November 15-17, 1972 in Sheraton-Copenhagen Hotel, Copenhagen, Denmark. The Sixth Asilomar Conference on Circuits and Systems, to be held from November 15-17, 1972 in Asilomar Hotel and Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, California. Conference 72, organized by Data Processing Management Association, to be held from November 16-17, 1972 in New York City, New York. The 8th Data Processing Conference of the Information Processing Association of Israel, to be held from November 20-21, 1972 in Hilton Hotel, Tel Aviv. The U.S. Exhibition at COMPUTER 72, to be held from December 4-8, 1972 in Olympia Exhibition Hall, London, England. The American Mathematical Society 79th Annual Meeting, to be held from January 25-29, 1973 in Dallas, Texas.
- Published
- 1972
9. Denmark under Duress.
- Author
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Hackett, Francis
- Subjects
DANISH history ,DANISH politics & government, 1912-1947 ,NATIONAL songs ,FOLK high schools ,LABOR unions ,NAZIS ,NAZI Germany, 1933-1945 - Abstract
Presents information related to the Danish invasion by Germany. Rumors in the American press that there were Nazi sympathizers in Denmark; Action of the Danish state against the Nazi ex-Communists who ran a Nazi paper; Assembly of the Danes on Sundays, in Copenhagen to join in patriotic national songs; Circulation of books on every aspects of the national life in the country; Provision for sending unemployed to folk high schools; Aim of Reich to weave Denmark into the German economic realm and to break down the strong Danish labor organizations.
- Published
- 1940
10. THE PRELIMINARY AND FINAL FIGURES OF THE DANISH NATIONAL ACCOUNTS.
- Author
-
Bjerke, Kjeld
- Subjects
NATIONAL income accounting ,ESTIMATES ,GROSS domestic product ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,INCOME accounting ,EXPORTS - Abstract
This paper compares preliminary estimates (available about four months after the close of the period to which they refer) with final estimates (available three years after the close of the period) for certain national accounting aggregates and some of their major components. It concludes that preliminary estimates are consistently low for gross domestic product, exports, and public consumption, whereas imports, private consumption, and gross capital formation may be either low or high. The best early estimates, in the sense of closest to the final figures, are those for gross domestic product, imports, and exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The Great Dane.
- Subjects
NEWSPAPERS ,GREAT Dane ,JOURNALISM ,PRESSWORK (Printing) - Published
- 1963
12. MEASURING THE STANDARD OF LIVING OF SELF-EMPLOYED FARMERS.
- Author
-
Mogensen, G. Viby and Mørkeberg, Henrik
- Subjects
FARMERS ,FREELANCERS ,DURABLE consumer goods ,STANDARD of living ,HOME businesses - Abstract
Copyright of Sociologia Ruralis is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Sports and Games in Denmark in the Light of Sociology.
- Author
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Andersen, Helge, Bo-Jensen, Aage, Elkær-Hansen, N., and Sonne, A.
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGY of sports ,SPORTS participation ,ATHLETIC clubs ,SPORTS ,SURVEYS - Abstract
The article discusses the problems concerning Danish sports, games, and athletics from a sociological point of view. Attempt has been made to shed light on the interest taken in sports and games, taking into consideration both active athletes as well as spectators. The interest in sports is expressed through active participation, passive membership of sports clubs, people's attending sports matches, and their reading the sports accounts and comments of the dailies and the sports papers and the interest can be gauged from the participation in them. The motive behind this participation is varied and there is non-official spastics regarding it. Investigation into the motive is done by conducting surveys and from the sports statistics prepared by the Department of Statistics since 1938 at intervals of five years. The role of sports and games as a contact factor is analyzed. The motives behind the membership of a sports club are analyzed. The author feels that the interest and a desire to participate in sports and games actively might be one of the motives.
- Published
- 1957
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. SHELTER AND ITS EFFECT ON CLIMATE AND WATER BALANCE.
- Author
-
Aslyng, H. C.
- Subjects
AGRICULTURE ,EVAPORATION (Meteorology) ,PLANT-water relationships ,MOISTURE ,ISLANDS - Abstract
The article presents a paper focusing on the study of agriculture in Denmark. Denmark has a windy climate. The yearly precipitation is about 725 mm in the South-West of Jutland and about 550 mm on the island Zealand where Copenhagen is situated at the East shore. The actual evaporation increases from about 350 mm on sandy soils in Jutland to about 450 mm on the South-eastern Danish islands with soils having a relatively high capacity for water available to plants. The highest actual evaporation coincides to some extent with the lowest precipitation. In this paper evaporation also covers the term evapotranspiration. The potential evaporation is considered to be near 500 mm for most parts of the country. In May-July the potential evaporation is much larger than the precipitation. Shelter is considered important in Danish agriculture to avoid wind erosion on sandy soils and to reduce water evaporation. The increased temperature by shelter is generally assumed to be more important in horticulture than in agriculture. It is well known that shelter increases plant production.
- Published
- 1958
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. DIFFERENTIAL CLASS BEHAVIOR IN DENMARK.
- Author
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Svalastoga, K., Høgh, E., Pedersen, M., and Schild, E.
- Subjects
DIFFERENTIATION (Sociology) ,SOCIAL classes ,SOCIAL status ,LIFESTYLES ,SOCIAL change - Abstract
This paper analyzes the differential class behavior in Denmark. Social class is here conceived of as a stratum or layer of society differentiated in terms of scalar social status. The basic status variable is conceived in terms of the differential deference allotted to a person by his fellow group members. Sensitivity to status differences was found to be positively related to respondents' own status. This was documented by prestige rating of 75 occupations in which respondents of higher status exhibited considerably less variation in rating than low status groups; number of social classes reported to exist in Denmark; and asserted ability to place people socially by just looking at them or listening to their speech. Although all strata showed majority agreement in asserting this ability, the percentages of asserters increased with social status. A regular and statistically significant increase was observed in percentages possessing the characteristics with increasing social status; interest in theater, painting, classical music and politics, familiarity with modern Danish literature and knowledge of foreign languages.
- Published
- 1956
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Family Help Patterns and Social Class in three Countries.
- Author
-
Shanas, Ethel
- Subjects
OLDER people ,ADULT children ,FAMILIES ,PARENT-child relationships ,RESEARCH ,PROBABILITY theory - Abstract
The present paper is a report of the help patterns among older people and their adult children in three countries—Denmark, Britain, and the United States. The data come from interviews conducted in mid-1962 with nationwide probability samples of approximately 2,500 persons aged 65 and over in each of the three countries. Family help patterns in old age in Denmark, Britain, and the United States differ by the social class position of the older person. The class position of old people effects primarily the size of their immediate families, their family structure, and their living arrangements. While the social class of the old person effects the magnitude and direction of parent-child help, persons in every social class report that they help their children and that their children help them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. PARTY COALITIONS IN DANISH LAW-MAKING 1953-1970.
- Author
-
DAMGAARD, ERIK
- Subjects
POLITICAL parties ,COALITION governments ,REPRESENTATIVE government ,LEGISLATION ,LAW & politics - Abstract
Despite assertions about the ubiquity of coalition behavior in politics, theories of coalition formation have not usually been tested on data pertaining to the legislative process. The paper explores advantages and shortcomings of existing coalition theory for studying law-making in a multi-party parliamentary democracy with highly cohesive parties, using Denmark as the test case. All passed government bills 1953-1970 are studied in terms of the size and composition of the winning coalitions and policy area of bills. In all cabinet periods a certain number of bills are passed by minimal majorities, but most are not, indicating that minimal majority behavior is not a principal strategy in law-making. However, the traditional left-right model of the Danish party system is very successful in accounting for the coalitions formed. Classification of bills into policy areas also shows considerable variation with respect to levels of conflict, with taxation as the most conflict generating area. The findings suggest that if we are ultimately to understand the significance of coalition behavior in politics, it is imperative that we relax strict rationalistic behavior assumptions and concentrate efforts on developing ways for systematic study of the content and perceived consequences of decisions made by winning coalitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Georg Brandes at Seventy.
- Author
-
Kildal, Arne
- Subjects
CRITICS ,DANISH literature ,PATRIOTISM ,LITERATURE ,CRITICISM - Abstract
The eminent Danish literary critic, Georg Brandes, celebrated his seventieth birthday on February 4, 1912 and was greeted as the great master and leader of the intellectual world in articles and speeches all over the Scandinavian countries. It makes a strange impression to see papers which forty years ago indulged in the vilest abuse, now joining in the praise of his life work and to hear individuals who formerly compared him to the devil now adore him as a demi-god. But things have changed and the mind and heart of the Scandinavian peoples have been widely liberalized. It is Brandes's enduring merit to have brought about this change and to have "set thoughts free" in religion, morals, patriotism and literature.
- Published
- 1912
19. ASSOCIATIONS, AGENCIES, INSTITUTIONS, ETC.
- Subjects
ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,SOCIOLOGY ,AFRICAN Americans ,BEHAVIORAL scientists ,AFRICAN American social conditions ,SOCIAL conditions in Denmark - Abstract
The article presents information on various associations, agencies and institutions in the field of sociology. The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History will hold its 53rd annual meeting on October 3-6, 1968 at the New York Hilton Hotel. The Danish Institute will hold a seminar, "Social Denmark," on social welfare in Copenhagen, August 25-30, 1968. The seminar is intended for persons working in the administrative and practical field of social welfare and will be conducted in English. The Indian Sociological Society held its first conference since 1961 at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Bombay, on October 14, 15, and 16, 1967. The Massachusetts Sociological Association was founded by 100 sociologists at Boston College on November 4, 1967 and will serve as a locus for the teaching and research concerns of sociologists throughout the commonwealth and for others seeking advice on community or state-wide problems. The National Institute of Social and Behavioral Science will hold its regular sessions for contributed papers at the 135th annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, December 26-31, 1968 in Dallas, Texas.
- Published
- 1968
20. In the Wind.
- Subjects
PRESS ,JOURNALISM ,NAZIS ,GERMANS - Abstract
The article presents information on various developments. In Denmark the Nazis have registered one of their most decisive victories over the press. The victim is the Berlingske Tidende, Copenhagen's oldest and second-largest daily. After Munich that paper's foreign editor was dismissed on direct order of the German legation, and its editorial policy became belligerently pro-German. Now a new "foreign expert" has been appointed, one Baron von Rheinbaben, a German, a member of the Nazi Patty, and, of course, a publicist for the Third Reich.
- Published
- 1939
21. National Planning of Research Libraries in Scandinavia.
- Author
-
Hakli, Esko
- Abstract
An overview is provided of the development of national planning and the centralization of research libraries in four countries: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. Included in the review are cooperative projects and the actions of government and/or library commissions in each country. Planning at the local level and inter-Scandinavian efforts are excluded, as are standardization and other developmental work in library routines. In the chapter on Finland, a model is presented of the inquiry processes used in the planning objectives, and the participants in the decision making processes. Advantages and disadvantages are cited for planning as conducted by librarians and as carried out by outside experts. Suggestions are made for an optimal planning organization. (Author/SL)
- Published
- 1974
22. Report of the Interregional Seminar on the Training of Professional and Voluntary Youth Leaders. Organized Jointly by the United Nations, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the Government of Denmark.
- Author
-
United Nations, New York, NY.
- Abstract
The Interregional Seminar on the Training of Professional and Voluntary Youth Leaders was held in Holte, Denmark, from 7 to 22 October 1969. The purpose of the seminar was to review the current experience of both governmental and non-governmental services responsible for training youth leaders for various types of work. The seminar considered the training of professional and voluntary youth leaders under three main headings: (1) objectives of training for professional and voluntary leaders; (2) policies for training youth workers and improving their status; and (3) organization, content and methods of current training programs. The first part of the report discusses these three areas, and contains concluding comments. Part Two contains Background Papers, as follows: I. Summary of the Country Papers; II. The Training of Young People for Action in Community Development; III. Need for Constant Reappraisal and Research in Regard to the Training of Youth Leaders; IV. The Training of Professional and Voluntary Youth Leaders; V. The Training of Youth Leaders; and VI. International Youth Organizations and the Training of Professional and Voluntary Youth Leaders. An annex provides a list of participants. (DB)
- Published
- 1970
23. Decision, Planning and Budgeting.
- Author
-
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (France). Centre for Educational Research and Innovation. and Jensen, Arne
- Abstract
This document reports the working papers of a research project designed to develop quantitative management techniques applicable to the university environment. The University of Copenhagen was selected as the target institution for the research. Presentation of the papers is divided into four parts: introduction, general information and overview of the University of Copenhagen, governmental agencies, and the desired university structure. Topics include an introduction and summary of findings; higher education in Denmark; the University of Copenhagen - illustration of some problems; budgeting, economic management and planning at the Ministry of Finance; the Ministry of Education as a planning agency; simulation model of a university; decentralized planning in a university system; moving decisions between management levels with conflicting objectives; the development of a decisionmaking process; and a postscript on decision structure. The appendix includes the English summary of working reports and papers June 1971 and an index. (MJM)
- Published
- 1972
24. HEALTH AND MEDICAL CARE.
- Subjects
PUBLIC health ,MEDICAL care ,PERIODICALS ,SOCIAL workers ,DIET - Abstract
The article presents abstracts of papers about public health and medical care published in various periodicals. Titles include "The Social Worker and the Family Physician" by Ruth Goldberg, "Improving the American Diet" by Joan Dye Gussow, and "Modern Implementation of Denmark's Tradition of Health Care Delivery," by Elizabeth Johnson.
- Published
- 1973
25. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND INCOMES POLICY IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS.
- Author
-
Elvander, Nils
- Subjects
INCOMES policy (Economics) ,WAGES ,COLLECTIVE bargaining ,BUSINESS & politics - Abstract
THIS paper is part of a broad comparative analysis of the role of the state on the labour market in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland. The analysis includes the historical background and the structure of interested organizations--these are the independent variables--and the legal rules for conflict resolution, the role of the state as employer, and the methods of incomes policy, which are all regarded as dependent variables. Space does not permit a full account of all parts of the investigation. We have to concentrate upon the methods used for pursuing an incomes policy, and these methods will be analyzed in connection with the collective bargaining systems. We can only hint at some historical background data, and at some of the salient facts about organizational structure and rules for conflict resolution, which should be seen as explaining variables in the analysis of collective bargaining systems and incomes policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. THE TREATMENT OF PERSISTENT OFFENDERS OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES.
- Author
-
Timaseeff, N. S.
- Subjects
REHABILITATION of criminals ,PUNISHMENT ,SOCIAL security - Abstract
The article focuses on the treatment of persistent offenders outside the U.S. The concept of persistent offenders is the creation of the sociological school in criminology. The end of the treatment studied in this paper is to eliminate criminals who proved to be incorrigible. The treatment of persistent offenders is either aggravated punishment, or a measure of social security replacing punishment, or a combination of punishment and of a measure of social security, the latter being applied after the former. The first system is now of historical interest only. France applied it in 1885, but the draft of 1932 does not follow the law in force. Norway in 1902 introduced the system in positive law, but practically did not apply it. The second system is applied in some places, but presents rather an exception, merely Hungary, Denmark, Sweden, and Switzerland have accepted it. The idea that persistent offenders should be released if they ceased to be socially dangerous is explicitly expressed in Switzerland, England, Germany, Sweden, and Italy.
- Published
- 1939
27. NOTES ON DANISH VEGETATION.
- Author
-
Smith, William G.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,BOTANY -- Congresses ,BOTANISTS ,MOOR ecology - Abstract
Information about several papers discussed at the annual meeting sponsored by the International Association of Botanists on Danish vegetation is presented. Topics include the topography and vegetation of some localities, including Borris Heath, visited by the excursion in Denmark and the undulating beech wood on the morainic deposits. The symposium featured several botanists including Professor E. Warming and P. E. Muller.
- Published
- 1914
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. RAUNKIAER'S "LIFE-FORMS" AND STATISTICAL METHODS.
- Author
-
Smith, William G.
- Subjects
VEGETATION & climate ,PHYTOGEOGRAPHY ,VEGETATION classification ,ANNUALS (Plants) ,SUCCULENT plants ,ENVIRONMENTAL sciences ,STATISTICAL correlation - Abstract
The article explores the so-called biological types or life-forms developed by C. Raunkiaer, director of the Botanic Garden and Museum at Copenhagen, Denmark, and its application in phytogeography. In some reviews that he made to the work of various researchers, he stresses that something is lacking to express the correlation between vegetation and climate. It is stated that the plant itself must be the recorder of the biological value of any climate. A classification of plants according to shoot-apex or bud protection, and the biological types or life-forms is presented. He based his analysis on ten life-forms including S for Stem-succulents, Ch for Chamaephytes, and G for Geophyte, followed by an elaborated discussion on utilization of the life-forms in plant-geography.
- Published
- 1913
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. LIFE CYCLE AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF LIPOPTENA CERVI (L.) (DIPT., HIPPOBOSC.) ON DANISH DEER.
- Author
-
Haarløv, Niels
- Subjects
LIFE cycles (Biology) ,RED deer ,NAILS (Anatomy) ,MORPHOLOGY ,WOODLOTS - Abstract
1. The paper deals with Lipoptena cervi (L. c.). The material is from Jægerseborg Deer Park, Zealand, and consists of 1 ♀ L. c. from fallow deer, and 86 ♀♀ and 94 ♂&3x2642; from red deer, all collected from Sept.-Dec. 1960. 2. Morphology of the mouthparts makes L. c. a pool feeder (plates 1-II, Fig. 2). The claws (Fig. 3) are adapted for woollen hairs or contour hairs with diameters less than 0.22 mm. L. c. is moving sideways through the coat with head downward and almost perpendicularly to the skin. The wings are torn off by the hairs in the coat. 3. In Denmark L. c. is univoltine with appearance of a new generation in Sept.-Oct. when the red deer changes from summer to winter coat. Each healthy red deer is considered to have a carrying capacity of about 15 specimens of L. c. 4. The difference between frequency of infestation by L. c. on fallow deer and red deer is explained ecologically as a result of better chances of survival for puparium and winged stages in the habitats of red deer (woodland) than in those of fallow deer (grassland). 5. Unwinged stages show an aggregated distribution on their hosts (Fig. 5). 6. The background for aggregation is discussed with special reference to possibilities of persecution by the host, to skin temperatures (Fig. 5), and to the microstructure of the skin (plates III-VIII, Figs. 7-11). Supplementary temperature measurements on skin and in coat were made on fallow deer (Fig. 4), and cow (Fig. 6). The aggregated distribution is explained as the result of a balance between several factors (results on pp. 126-127). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1964
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION OF THE FLY OPHRYS, OPHRYS INSECTIFERA L. IN ALLINDELILLE FREDSKOV, DENMARK.
- Author
-
Wolff, Torben
- Subjects
OPHRYS ,POLLINATION ,PLANT fertilization ,HABITATS ,FLOWERS - Abstract
1. The present paper is based on five years' investigations on O. insectifera in Allindelille, its only habitat in Denmark. In 1941, 1942, and 1949 all plants were numbered and each flower was examined at an interval of two days during a period of from 8 to 16 days. 2. Hitherto known examples of pseudocopulation in Ophrys and Cryptostylis are referred to. Further are mentioned the biology of and the occurrence in Denmark of Gorytes mystaceus, a fossorial wasp pseudocopulating with O. insectifera. Except for this species the wasp has, so far, only been recorded on nectar flowers. 3. Three observations of G. myst. on Fly Ophrys in Allindelille are recorded in detail, the method of pseudocopulation in most respects accurately corresponding to previously observed cases in Algeria, South France and Australia. Apparently, G. myst. does not seek any food in the flower. 4. Cage experiments over three years with a total of 16 plants show that pollinia disappeared in from 5 % to 8 % of the caged plants; in one case, at any rate, self-fertilization occurred. 5. Through enumerations in 1941, 1942, and 1949, from 40 % to 16 % of the flowers were found to have had one or both pollinia removed, and that from 33 % to 12 % of the total number of pollinia had been withdrawn. These records are compared to those of other authors. 6. In the two main years of investigation, 1941 and 1949, the pollinia were removed throughout the flowering period (fig. 8), and there was no noticeable difference between the number of pollinia removed in the lower and upper flowers of the spikes (fig. 9). This indicates a continuous pollination also after the supposed emergence of the females. 7. From 18 % to 11 % of all flowers were fertilized (germ swollen). Scarcely half of the pollinated flowers developed the germ, and on account of attacks by snails, Thrips, etc. still fewer attained ripening of the seeds. Flowers with one pollinium removed showed a smaller percentage of fructification than those with two pollinia removed. In no less than 29 % of the flowers fertilized in 1949 no pollinia had been withdrawn. 8. The investigation shows the smallest number of visits in the more shaded habitats, and in localities where plants are numerous. 9. The total number of examinations of flowers is compared to the number of flowers, the duration of the stay of Gorytes on flowers, its daily active period etc. From this it appears that the wasp ought to have been observed at least three to five times as frequently as was actually the case. Accordingly, the Goryies-stock is certainly too small, perhaps due to an interplay between a planting of Picea abies in suitable localities, and the structure of the calcarious soil, unfit for the nest building of the wasp. 10. It is shown that the meat-fly, Sarcophaga carnaria, does not normally seem to be attracted by the flower. Records of flies and other insects are scarce and probably all accidental, except for Taeniothrips picipes which is, however, too small for pollinating. 11. In Allindelille, flowers etc. are to a great extent gnawed by snails. Examples are given of removal of pollinia by means of snails. Possibly snails have simultaneously caused fertilization in a few cases. 12. Previously recorded instances of self-fertilization in the genus Ophrys are referred to. In O. insectifera in Allindelille the method of self-fertilization is not a bending down of the pollinia as in O. apifera; apparently, the pollinium falls totally out of the anther-cell, and from an upright position on the top of the labellum it bends inwards so that the pollen-masses reach the stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1950
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. An Historical Study of the Origins and Structure of the Danish Intelligentsia.
- Author
-
Geiger, Theodor
- Subjects
INTELLECTUAL history ,INTELLECTUALS ,ARTISTS ,THEATER ,ARISTOCRACY (Social class) ,POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
This paper presents an account of a statistical study of the Danish intelligentsia for the four centuries from the Reformation to 1900. The term intelligentsia has been taken to mean creators of cultural values in the broadest sense, including all those who have contributed in some way to the culture of the community. In more than one respect the marked movements in the size of the intelligentsia give some indication of the structure of cultural life itself. To quote one example, the number of artists increased from 36 in the activity period 1810 onwards, to 127 in the following period, 1835 onwards. The periods after 1835 and after 1885, however, were each characterized by the existence of a second generation of newly enriched bourgeoisie. The importance of language as a means of artistic expression is very clearly shown by a further analysis of the theatre group. In this group foreigners ranged from 17 to 100 percent among singers and dancers in the eighteenth century and accounted for four to 10 percent even in the nineteenth century, whereas only five to 20 percent of the actors and producers of the eighteenth century were foreigners, and in the nineteenth century there were none at all. As may be expected, metropolitanism is very strong, and in certain achievement groups it is a predominant feature. Among the artists of the seventeenth century the metropolitan index rose to 10.2 and among the musicians of the same period it even reached 14.4. In politics especially the earlier centuries were characterized by the part played by the landed aristocracy, whilst in the nineteenth century first the farmers and later the smallholders acquired political power.
- Published
- 1950
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF THE TREND OF PROFESSIONAL EARNINGS.
- Author
-
Scitovsky, Tibor
- Subjects
PROFESSIONAL employees ,INCOME ,PROFESSIONS ,STATISTICS ,WAGES ,CROSS-cultural studies - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to assemble and present in comparable form some statistics available on professional incomes in a number of Western countries. Professions selected are law, medicine, dentistry, the higher civil service and higher learning, countries are Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Great Britain and the United States. My interest in professional incomes has been aroused by the alleged and often cited connection between economic growth and the advance of democracy on the one hand and the worsening economic status of the intellectual and professional classes on the other. This trend has been noted not only in the United States but in most Western countries, it explains the springing up, all over Western Europe, of organizations of intellectuals and university graduates, aimed at defending their interests and drawing the public's attention to their plight. In Canada between 1911 and 1951, the income of professional people is estimated to have risen only one quarter as fast as the income of industrial workers, in Germany, over a period half as long the average income of the free professions is said to have risen by half as much as the income of the rest of the economy. The same trend, though less pronounced, is present also in Great Britain, where, between 1911 and 1956, the average income of the liberal professions has risen by two thirds of the rise in the national income per head of occupied population.
- Published
- 1966
33. Editorial.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,PRODUCTION engineering ,MANUFACTURING processes ,COLLEGE teachers ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
The article reports on the 2nd International Conference on Production Research held in the Technical University of Denmark at Copenhagen in August 1973. The event was organized by professor C. H. Gudnason and his colleagues at the Technical University. The International Journal of Production Research has decided to publish a selection of papers presented at the conference. They will appear in the next two issues of the journal. It has been tentatively proposed that the 3rd Conference should be held in the U.S. in 1975.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Prince Waldemar's Marriage.
- Subjects
MARRIAGE ,DAUGHTERS ,NEWSPAPERS ,PATRIOTISM ,FRIENDSHIP - Abstract
This article focuses on the marriage of the daughter of Duc de Chartres with Prince Waldemar of Denmark. The author feels a little encouraged by the thought that the Duc de Chartres bears an historic name, that all the papers will be full of the details of this marriage. The cannot commit anything approaching an indiscretion in saying a few words on an event which belongs to newspaper notoriety. The author feels also encouraged by the remembrance that the Duc de Chartres has only friends in the U.S.
- Published
- 1885
35. Finland: Fighting for its life with the EEC.
- Subjects
EUROPEAN economic integration ,EXPORTS ,GROSS national product - Abstract
The article focuses on Finland who was left by European Free Trade Association (EFTA) trading partners Great Britain, Norway and Denmark when the 3 opted to join the European Common Market (EEC). Exports of Finland that account for 25% of their 10.5 billion U.S. dollars gross national product will be required to pay tariffs as required by EEC. It notes that the U.S. could not extend much help to Finland as the EEC with the addition of Great Britain, Denmark and Norway are taking 50% of U.S. exports.
- Published
- 1972
36. MEÏR AARON GOLDSCHMIDT.
- Subjects
JOURNALISTS ,DANISH prose literature - Abstract
A biography of Meïr Aron Goldschmidt, a Danish publisher, journalist and novelist, is presented. He was born on October 26, 1819 in Denmark and was sent to school in preparation for the professional career his father had planned for him in preference to a business life like his own. He began his journalistic career as editor of a provincial paper at the age of eighteen. His lasting importance will be as the first and foremost influence on modern Danish prose.
- Published
- 1896
37. The Danish Applecart.
- Author
-
MeGuire, Brian Patrick
- Subjects
DANISH history ,CHRONOLOGY ,MILLIONAIRES ,POLITICAL parties - Abstract
Presents a chronology of historical events that took place in Denmark in the 1970s. Foundation of a political party by millionaire Mogens Glistrup in April 1972; Showcase of a millionaire lawyer on the television, who has a tax card but has not paid tax at all in February 1971.
- Published
- 1974
38. Calendar of Events.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,COMMUNICATION - Abstract
This article presents schedules of events related to communication. It includes the Association for Computational Linguistics Annual Meeting to be held in Atlantic City, New Jersey and the National Microfilm Association's 20th Annual Convention to be held in Washington, D.C. The Conference on Applications of Optimization Methods for Large-Scale Resource-Allocation Problems will be held in Elsinore, Denmark.
- Published
- 1971
39. A LETTER FROM THE PUBLISHER.
- Author
-
Linen, James A.
- Subjects
PERIODICAL publishing ,PUBLISHING - Abstract
The article highlights the experiences of "Time" magazine's postwar distributors in getting started in business after several years of enemy occupation. K. C. Chain, distributor of "Time-Life" on the island of Formosa, attributes the increased sales of the magazine to Professor W. Dorland and to the opening of a night English school. Denmark distributor Rudolf Fardal mentions his agreement with the representatives of "Time" magazine in Stockholm, Sweden to have 15,000 copies of the first issue of "Time" published after the capitulation of the Germans.
- Published
- 1953
40. From the Cradle to the Grave.
- Subjects
SUICIDE -- Social aspects ,WELFARE state - Abstract
The article focuses on the writing of foreign correspondent Negley Farson on Sweden and Denmark which both have the highest rates of suicide cases throughout the world. It mentions the response of several Danes regarding the topic such as one on welfare state and one on the absence of faith to God. It says that one in 4,431 Danes and one in 4,460 Swedish commit suicide.
- Published
- 1958
41. Stiffening.
- Subjects
NEUTRALITY ,MILITARY policy - Published
- 1940
42. Denmark: Something Rotten?
- Author
-
Kirchner, Frederica
- Subjects
MOTION picture distribution ,FILM critics ,INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) - Abstract
The article focuses on the question of allowing the organized film distributors, by using economic pressure, to force newspapers to curb their critics and commentators and modify their business policies to please the moving-picture interests. Since distributor organizations comprise both American and foreign film buyers, the affair has serious implications for the United States as well as for Denmark. The case of film critic, and a genuine film enthusiast, Harald Engberg, in Copenhagen, Denmark's Politiken newspaper is presented.
- Published
- 1952
43. Editorials.
- Author
-
Kirchwey, Freda
- Subjects
FAMINES - Abstract
At the conference of the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in September 1946 at Copenhagen, thirty-three nations, including the U.S., accepted in principle the plan for a world food board drawn up by John Boyd Orr, director-general of the FAO. The American objections to a world food board, as advanced by Under Secretary of Agriculture Norris E. Dodd, were negative and defeatist in character. While agreeing that some international action to fight famine is desirable, Dodd declared that the Orr plan was too complicated, too costly and unworkable because of the ill effects of government intervention on agricultural supply and demand.
- Published
- 1946
44. CORRESPONDENCE.
- Author
-
Angell, Norman, Cowper, Frederick A.G., Marsh, Benjamin, McCloy, Joseph F., Wells, F. DeWitt, Leach, Henry Goddard, Mead, Elwood, Skinner, Otis Ainsworth, Stein, Leo, Alderman, L.R., Emerson, Alfred, Landis, Benson Y., and Roddey Jr., Edwin
- Subjects
LETTERS to the editor ,DRAFT (Military service) ,CITIZENSHIP ,INHERITANCE & transfer tax ,SOCIETIES - Abstract
Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. Military conscription; Rights of American citizens; Inheritance tax in the United States; Intensive and peaceful development of Denmark; Independent Society of Artists in Chicago, Illinois.
- Published
- 1916
45. Editorial Notes.
- Subjects
20TH century history ,WORLD War I ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,JOURNALISM ,CONSTITUTIONAL law - Abstract
Analyzes various political and social developments worldwide. Resignation of William Jennings Bryan from his position as U.S. Secretary of State in the government of President Woodrow Wilson; Bryan's attitude toward diplomatic negotiations with Germany found in his treaties of arbitration; Bryan's proposal to apply the principle of his peace treaties in the controversy with Germany; Task of political and social reconstruction in Mexico under American tutelage; Means that can be taken by submarines to distinguish between ships that carry innocent and inviolable private property and ships which carry military supplies; Author's criticism of the "New York Times" newspaper's coverage of the trial of Steel Corp.; Factors considered in the appointment of the Postmaster-General; Constitutional change in Denmark which enfranchises women and makes them eligible to all offices and which abolishes the property qualifications.
- Published
- 1915
46. Documents.
- Subjects
ARCHIVES ,DANISH politics & government ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL alliances - Abstract
This article presents information about several documents of strategic importance to their respective countries. The opposition of the Danish Government to any solution of the Schleswig-Holstein problem, which involves the annexation to Denmark of the German sections of Schleswig was voiced by the Danish Foreign Minister, Erik Scavenius, in a recent address, the larger part of which states that the great war gave rise to fears for Denmark's fate, but simultaneously it gave rise to hope in many Danish hearts that events might lead to a happy solution of the national question. On account of Denmark's neutral position, lying, as it were, between two belligerents, the Danish Government was obliged to observe the greatest reticence and caution.
- Published
- 1919
47. Economists Get Storm Warning.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,ECONOMISTS ,PRICE deflation ,LIQUIDITY (Economics) ,SOCIETIES - Abstract
The article discusses the highlights of the conference of the International Economic Association held in Elsinore, Denmark in September 1959. Yale University professor Robert Triffin warned attendees that the world will be facing problems with deflation, devaluation and trade and exchange restrictions, eventually leading to a liquidity crisis. To resolve the crisis, he proposed turning the International Monetary Fund (IMF) into a central bank for central banks. Some economists claimed there was no conflict between price stability and full employment.
- Published
- 1959
48. Editorials.
- Subjects
PRACTICAL politics ,DEMOCRACY ,LAW ,SUFFRAGE ,DESPOTISM - Abstract
The article presents information related to politics in the U.S. It states that nine years after the acquisition from Denmark of her possessions in West Indies there is a prospect that the U.S. might give them some of the democracy which they artlessly thought would be theirs as a matter of course upon coming under the sovereignty of the U.S. Thanks to Representative Robert Bacon of New York, a bill is now before the U.S. Congress which, if enacted into law, will end the nine years of absolutism and mismanagement by conferring upon those inhabitants American citizenship, universal suffrage and a civilian government resting upon a large measure of self-rule.
- Published
- 1926
49. COMPETITIVE CURRENCY DEPRECIATION BETWEEN DENMARK AND NEW ZEALAND.
- Author
-
Kindleberger, C.P.
- Subjects
FOREIGN exchange ,BUTTER ,DEVALUATION of currency ,INTERNATIONAL competition ,EXPORTS ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,COMMERCIAL policy ,PRICE variance ,PROTECTIONISM ,COMMERCE ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
The article focuses on competitive currency depreciation between Denmark and New Zealand as it relates to the export of butter to England. Statistics related to the butter exports of Denmark and New Zealand are presented, as well as comments regarding the rivalry between the two countries surrounding their principle export. A theoretical analysis of currency depreciation is discussed, including the effects of exchange rates, tariffs enactments and import quotas on international trade. Details related to the pricing trends of butter in London, England are also discussed.
- Published
- 1934
50. The Return of Georg Brandes.
- Author
-
Porterfield, Allen Wilson
- Subjects
SPEECHES, addresses, etc. ,BOOKS ,AUTHORS ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,BIOGRAPHIES - Abstract
Presents information about the life work of writer Georg Morris Brandes. Two speeches delivered by him at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, on different occasions; Information that he has never written to order, he has written only on those themes that have been congenial to him; First book on Hip-po-lyte Adolphe Taine; Book on Sören Kirkegaard, the Danish philosopher who has had such a profound influence on Danish thought; His treatise on Lassalle, a work on which he himself lays great stress and which is widely regarded as one of his very best; Biographies of Shakespeare, Goethe, Voltaire, Julius Caesar, and Michael Angelo, each in two volumes, heavily documented, richly illustrated, immensely suggestive; Migration to Germany.
- Published
- 1922
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