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2. THE SCOTTISH WHITE PAPER—"SOCIAL WORK AND THE COMMUNITY"
- Author
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Mack, J. A.
- Published
- 1967
3. PAPERS ON THE ROLE OF THE PSYCHIATRIC SOCIAL WORKER
- Author
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Lewis, K. M. and Thomas, E. L.
- Published
- 1947
4. Poetry Therapy in Psychiatric Nursing.
- Author
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Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, DC. and Anderson, Catherine J.
- Abstract
Poetry therapy has been in use with adult psychiatric patients at Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C, for 10 years. The treatment used involves reading poetry, listening to recordings, studying poets, and writing poetry. The patients' choice of poems is not restricted by the staff, but different types of poetry appeal to different types of patients. The flexibility of poetry therapy has been found advantageous as a treatment modality in psychiatric nursing. (Author/PF)
- Published
- 1974
5. Expectancy-Reality Descrepancy and Patient Improvement.
- Author
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Webb, Lynn E. and Lamb, Douglas H.
- Abstract
Fifty-four admissions to the psychiatric unit of a general hospital were asked to predict their length of hospitalization. The difference between their predicted and actual length of hospitalization was calculated (expectancy-reality discrepancy-ERD). Patient ERD scores were compared with self-report, ward, and therapist measures of patient improvement. Those patients who had the largest discrepancy between their expected and actual length of hospitalization (the largest ERDs) tended to improve the least while hospitalized. Improvement did not appear to be related to whether a patient was discharged sooner or remained longer than he expected. (Author)
- Published
- 1974
6. The Transitional Classes--A New Inter-agency Program.
- Author
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Sperling, Edward and Wolf, Edith B.
- Abstract
This article discusses a program originated in response to the need to serve a most disturbed segment of children in New York City--youngsters discharged from psychiatric hospitals or residential treatment centers. This program directly links separate social institutions--the schools and the mental hospitals--in a plan for unified services to one group of children. The program is defined as a transitional resource intended to prepare these students for long-term placement in regular or special education classes. The goals are to improve social functioning and to provide academic remediation. Although the children are severly disturbed and many of their families are so helpless and disorganized that placement of a large percentage of them is a real consideration, the program has demonstrated that many of these children can attend school regularly, can improve their behaviors dramatically, and can learn. The authors present a description and progress report in order to highlight some of the successes and failures of the program. (Author/PC)
- Published
- 1974
7. Suggestibility in Different Personality Types
- Author
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Lindberg, Bengt J.
- Published
- 1940
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Medical Sociology: A Review of the Literature
- Author
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Freeman, Howard E. and Reeder, Leo G.
- Published
- 1957
9. Bibliotherapy in the Circulating Library at Saint Elizabeth's Hospital.
- Author
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Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, DC. and Hynes, Arleen
- Abstract
The librarian in a mental health hospital has a unique opportunity to serve patients. The nonclinical setting is a significant factor in establishing the library as a bridge between the hospital and the outside world. The librarian-bibliotherapist, especially when working as a team member with the psychotherapist, brings professionalism and expertise about literary materials to focus on the emotional needs of the patient. There are several modes for the delivery of bibliotherapy: individual therapist/patient discussions, reading aloud to a group with no discussion, and facilitator-directed reading and/or writing groups. The last technique seems to be the most common mode and is the one most frequently used at the circulating library. Poetry therapy has been used effectively in the drug addiction unit. The final step in the continuum of bibliotherapy techniques consists of the group members reading materials before discussion meetings. A 1972 doctoral thesis concluded that this method, as studied in a prison, may foster socially acceptable attitudes. (Author/SL)
- Published
- 1974
10. Educating the Emotionally Disturbed; A Book of Readings.
- Author
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Harshman, Hardwick W.
- Abstract
Selected readings treat education of the emotionally disturbed. Aspects considered include the problems the emotionally disturbed pose for the school (10 articles) and approaches to their education, including theory, day classes in regular schools, special schools, and residential centers (three, eight, five, and six articles respectively). Discussing classroom problems are two papers on curriculum and seven on techniques; eight papers describe preparing to teach the emotionally disturbed child. (JD)
- Published
- 1969
11. Group Psychotherapy and Group Methods in Community Mental Health Programs.
- Author
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Washington Univ., Seattle. School of Medicine., American Group Psychotherapy Association, New York, NY., and Pattison, E. Mansell
- Abstract
An ad hoc committee of the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) was charged to investigate the use of group methods in Community mental health centers (CMHC), to assess the conceptual basis for the use of various group methods, to relate the use of group methods to group psychotherapy, and to evaluate trends in this area of mental health programming. Although group methods are being used in each of the ten defined areas of CMHC they are not a generalized modality of treatment. The farther one moves from the traditional mental health definition of patient populations and professional roles, the less group methods are used. The most important implication of this discussion for AGPA is to suggest the broadening scope of the mental health therapeutic systems. The group psychotherapy movement and AGPA grew out of a larger social and therapeutic movement. Thus to focus exclusively on group psychotherapy per the AGPA definition may unnecessarily constrict the contributions AGPA can make to both the therapeutic and community mental health fields. (Author/RSM)
- Published
- 1970
12. The Developmental Vicissitudes of a Municipal Hospital-Based Child Psychiatry Unit in an Urban Ghetto.
- Author
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American Orthopsychiatric Association, New York, NY. and Eagle, Carol J.
- Abstract
The development of a child psychiatric unit in a municipal, ghetto-located hospital is described. Initial problems and their solutions are discussed. Accepting the fact that the problems of the political scene and gross underfunding were uncontrollable, focus was put on devising a service comparable to those utilized by middle class populations. A team comprised of professionals and unprofessionals was expected to share primary responsibility for a client and his family throughout their entire contact with the service. Varied, multiple and experimental treatment procedures were used. The approaches included: (1) a medication clinic; (2) a learning disability evaluation clinic; (3) activity groups for young latency-age boys and pre-adolescent girls; and (4) behavior modification guidance to families. Conclusions and continuing expansion of programs and experimentations complete the discussion. (TL)
- Published
- 1970
13. SOCIALIZATION OF THE YOUNGER PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT--THE COMMUNITY AND THE HOSPITAL-A DUAL RESPONSIBILITY.
- Author
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American Orthopsychiatric Association, New York, NY. and GIORDANO, JOSEPH
- Abstract
TO ASSIST YOUNG, MENTAL PATIENTS IN OVERCOMING SOME OF THEIR SOCIAL DEFICITS, TWO RESOCIALIZATION PROJECTS (PRE- AND POST-DISCHARGE) WERE INITIATED TO MOVE THE PATIENT FROM A MENTAL HOSPITAL SETTING INTO THE LARGER COMMUNITY, WITH A COMMUNITY CENTER AS THE LEARNING GROUND. CAREFULLY SELECTED PATIENTS FROM THE HOSPITAL WERE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO WORK AS VOLUNTEER ASSISTANT LEADERS IN "Y" COMMUNITY CENTER PROGRAMS. ASSIGNMENTS WERE DETERMINED BY THE PATIENT'S PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS AND INTERESTS, THE HOSPITAL'S TREATMENT PLAN, AND THE NEEDS OF THE CENTER. PHASE ONE PREPARED PATIENTS FOR DISCHARGE THROUGH PARTICIPATION IN A CORE GROUP. AFTER DISCHARGE, THE PATIENTS REMAINED IN THE CORE GROUP WHILE PARTICIPATING IN NON-PATIENT ACTIVITY GROUPS WITHIN THE CENTER. THE FINAL PHASE INVOLVED LEAVING THE CORE GROUP TO PARTICIPATE AUTONOMOUSLY IN COMMUNITY CENTER ACTIVITIES. BECAUSE THE PATIENT'S FAMILY IS ALSO INVOLVED IN THE ADJUSTMENT STRUGGLE, THE NEED TO DEVELOP A PROGRAM INVOLVING THE FAMILY IS DISCUSSED BY THE AUTHORS. THESE TWO PROGRAMS PROVIDED PATIENTS WITH--(1) AN OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN SOCIAL SKILLS, AND (2) A CHALLENGING STIMULUS WHICH COUNTERACTED THE EFFECTS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM WAS A DIRECT RESULT OF COLLABORATION BETWEEN HOSPITAL AND COMMUNITY CENTER, AND CONTINUITY OF TREATMENT. THIS PAPER WAS PRESENTED AT THE 45TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ORTHOPSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION (CHICAGO, MARCH 21, 1968). (CG)
- Published
- 1968
14. SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PERSONALITY CHANGE--A STUDY OF MENTAL HOSPITALIZATION.
- Author
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DREEBEN, ROBERT
- Abstract
A STUDY OF MENTAL HOSPITALIZATION WAS MADE IN A UNIVERSITY-AFFILIATED, ACTIVE-CARE STATE INSTITUTION CONCERNED MAINLY WITH SCHIZOPHRENICS. THE AUTHOR EXAMINED THE ROUTES PATIENTS FOLLOW THROUGH THE HOSPITAL IN RELATION TO THERAPY AND THE PATIENT'S RETURN TO OUTSIDE LIFE. HE OBSERVED THAT THE PATIENT'S SOCIAL POSITIONS ARE DEFINED IN LARGE PART BY STATE LAW, AND THAT NEWLY ADMITTED PATIENTS MAY OCCUPY A COURT POSITION, A JUDICIALLY COMMITTED POSITION, A TEMPORARY OBSERVATION STATUS, OR A VOLUNTARY ONE. THE AUTHOR PROPOSED THAT AN ORGANIZATION'S STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS ARE RELATED TO THE TYPES OF ACTIVITIES CARRIED ON BY ITS MEMBERS. THE DYADIC PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP WAS EXAMINED IN TERMS OF THE OBJECT, OR ENTITY ACTED UPON, THE SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP INVOLVED, AND THE NORMS EXPECTED IN PERFORMANCE. THE TREATMENT PROCESS WAS SEEN AS A SERIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES WHICH ARE INITIATED BY THE DOCTOR AND HIS PATIENT, AS WELL AS CHANGES IN THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO EACH OTHER, AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THIS DYAD AND THE ORGANIZATIONAL SETTING. THE PATIENT'S SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP, DETERMINED IN PART BY THE NATURE OF THE POSITION HE OCCUPIES, WAS DESCRIBED AS BEING SOMEWHAT CONDUCIVE TO ESTABLISHING TRUST, AND TO HELPING THE PATIENT ESCAPE HIS POTENTIALLY STRESSFUL DAILY LIFE AND RETURN TO THE OUTSIDE LATER THROUGH THE RESOURCES OF THE THERAPIST. A NEED WAS SEEN FOR CONCEPTUALIZING BOTH THE ELEMENTS OF ACTIVITIES AND THE PROPERTIES OF SOCIAL POSITIONS IN THEIR OWN RIGHTS RATHER THAN AS MERELY SLOTS IN A SOCIAL SYSTEM. THE AUTHOR SUGGESTED THAT FURTHER PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE ORGANIZATIONAL PROPERTIES OF TREATMENT SETTINGS AS WELL AS TRADITIONAL PSYCHODYNAMIC FORMULATIONS. THIS PAPER WAS PRESENTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (61ST, MIAMI BEACH, AUGUST 31, 1966). (TC)
- Published
- 1966
15. SUSPECTED EARLY MINIMAL BRAIN DAMAGE AND SEVERE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN ADOLESCENCE.
- Author
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POLLACK, MAX
- Abstract
A GROUP OF ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT HOSPITALIZED PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS (10 MALES AND TWO FEMALES) PREVIOUSLY DIAGNOSED AS HAVING SCHIZOPHRENIC OR PERSONALITY DISORDERS WERE REDIAGNOSED AS HAVING CHRONIC BRAIN SYNDROME. DEVELOPMENTAL DEVIANCY, BEHAVIOR DISORDERS STARTING IN CHILDHOOD, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST PERFORMANCES WERE COMPATIBLE WITH AN EARLY MINIMAL BRAIN DAMAGE SYNDROME. A SHORT REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE REGARDING EARLY MINIMAL BRAIN DAMAGE AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC SYNDROMES IS PRESENTED, AS IS A CASE STUDY OF ONE OF THE SUBJECTS INVOLVED IN THE STUDY. THIS PAPER WAS PRESENTED AT THE AMERICAN ORTHOPSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION CONVENTION, WASHINGTON, D.C., MARCH, 1967. (SK)
- Published
- 1967
16. Christmas Is...
- Author
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Schonbeck, Joan M.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Length of Hospitalization as a Function of Patients' Conceptions of Therapists
- Author
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Simmons, William L. and Tyler, Forrest B
- Abstract
Based on a paper read at the meeting of the Western Psychological Association (San Francisco, 1967).
- Published
- 1969
18. Psychiatric Patients as Research Interviewers in the Mental Hospital
- Author
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Shiloh, Ailon
- Abstract
Paper read at the session "Health, Hospital and Community of the annual meeting of the Society for Applied Anthropology on May 27, 1966.
- Published
- 1969
19. Front-Line Organization of the State Mental Hospital.
- Author
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Smith, Dorothy E.
- Subjects
PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,HOSPITAL personnel ,HOSPITAL wards ,ORGANIZATIONAL power ,OLIGARCHY ,DECENTRALIZATION in management ,ORGANIZATIONAL research - Abstract
The power of attendants at state mental hospitals to influence policy has often been noted. This paper suggests that the distribution of power in the state mental hospital fails to conform to Michels's "iron law of oligarchy." From an analysis of the ward system, three main characteristics are derived. These are then stated as the formal characteristics of a front-line type of organization in which power tends to be distributed to peripheral units rather than to centralized positions of leadership. It is suggested finally that a front-line type of organization presents special problems of control and hence will tend to develop characteristic structures and processes of control as solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Some Therapeutic Functions of Administrative Disturbance.
- Author
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Rapoport, Robert N. and Skellern, Eileen
- Subjects
PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,HOSPITAL personnel ,HOSPITAL administration ,HEALTH care reform ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,HEALTH services administration ,MENTAL health facilities ,PSYCHIATRIC hospital administration ,TEAMS in the workplace ,PSYCHIATRIC hospital employees - Abstract
As the liberalizing tendencies of modern reforms change the orientation of mental hospitals from "custodialism" to "humanitarianism," administrators become involved in new kinds of interdependent relationships with the treatment staff. This paper examines an episode of administrative disturbance which was deliberately tolerated within a hospital because of the treatment potential it engendered. Administrative collaboration is seen as not merely necessary in providing a favorable setting for treatment but as an integral part of the treatment itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1957
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Coordinating Mental Health Systems.
- Author
-
Gittelman, Martin
- Subjects
SERVICES for people with intellectual disabilities ,MENTAL health ,COMMUNITY health services ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,MENTAL health services ,MEDICAL care ,MENTAL illness ,MENTAL health counseling ,MENTAL health facilities - Abstract
Hospitalized mental patients are increasingly being discharged into the community. Yet, despite the construction of hundreds of community mental health centers, readmission rates continue to rise. This paper analyzes the reasons for this problem and provides suggestions for its solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. THE SOCIAL HISTORY QUESTIONNAIRE AS RELATED TO LENGTH OF STAY IN PSYCHOTHERAPY.
- Author
-
Jachim, David P.
- Subjects
PSYCHOTHERAPY ,COMMUNITY mental health services ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,MENTAL health services ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
This article constructs a Terminators-Remainers scale composed of those items of the Social History Questionnaire that best differentiated between Terminators and Remainers. A formidable problem encountered in clinical practice concerns the large number of clients who start psychotherapy but for various reasons terminate treatment prematurely. The initial sample of this study consisted of 95 clients accepted for psychotherapy during a 11-month period at a small mental health clinic. The measure used was the Social History Questionnaire, a 393-item, forced-choice, pencil-and-paper intake interview.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Interaction Patterns and Staff Response to Psychiatric Innovations.
- Author
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Wilkinson, Gregg S.
- Subjects
MEDICAL innovations ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,NURSES ,EMPLOYEES ,MEDICAL personnel ,SOCIOMETRY - Abstract
This paper reports selected results of an investigation of staff response to psychiatric innovations in a total institution. A sociometric analysis indicated that staff integration and acceptance were associated whereas staff disintegration was related to resistance. The head nurse of each treatment team investigated proved to be a crucial figure in determining the reaction of nursing personnel. These findings tend to sup port explanations of innovation adoption and diffusion involving the "Gatekeeper" in combination with group integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Research For or By the Armed Forces.
- Author
-
Flanagan, John C. and Berger, Dorothy B.
- Subjects
PERSONNEL management ,UNITED States armed forces ,INTERVIEWING in psychiatry ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,MEDICAL screening - Abstract
This article focuses on some research programs for or by the U.S. armed forces regarding their personnel. Research in the field of mental adjustment in the armed forces consisted of selection studies which used tests mainly of the paper-and-pencil variety to appraise the emotional stability of servicemen mid studies which attempted to make the same assessment on the basis of psychiatric interviews, situation tests, and other screening procedures. Responses given by well-adjusted soldiers were markedly different in many respects from norms based on well-adjusted civilians. The hypothesis was advanced that personality constriction and regression were produced by military indoctrination. Some discussed a study of the sociological, personality, and adjustment characteristics of hospital patients who supposedly broke under camp life, of veterans in a mental hospital, and of well-adjusted soldiers. A program consisting of an interview in which past history rating was obtained, a standardized life-like construction test which yielded ratings on seven basic traits related to combat leadership ability, a specially devised sensori-motor test, a rapid projection test.
- Published
- 1948
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. THE USE OF A HOSPITAL VOLUNTEER PROGRAM IN THE TEACHING OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY.
- Author
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Klein, William L. and Zax, Melvin
- Subjects
VOLUNTEER workers in hospitals ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,VOLUNTEER service ,COLLEGE students ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,SOCIAL psychology - Abstract
The article presents a discussion related to the use of a hospital volunteer program in the teaching of abnormal psychology. The participation of college students in the volunteer programs of mental hospitals is by now almost commonplace. In 1954, one of the first of such programs sprang up in the Boston, Massachusetts, area as the result of the efforts of a group of Harvard students. At that time and in that locale, students were responding to some serious service needs of one of the nearby state institutions and developed what at first was a somewhat loosely structured program which attracted the involvement, in varying degrees, of over 500 college students from the Boston area. This particular program has continued to thrive, having been expanded in recent years to include a "Halfway House" for mental patients where a group of students live with a group of recently discharged patients who are attempting to readjust to community life. The educational value of such activities has been recognized at Harvard, where a course in Volunteering affording full academic credit has been established in the Department of Social Relations. It is with the educational feature, or, more specifically, usefulness of such a program as an adjunct to an undergraduate course like the traditional one in abnormal psychology, that this paper is concerned.
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. DUAL LEADERSHIP IN COMPLEX ORGANIZATIONS.
- Author
-
Etzioni, Amitai
- Subjects
LEADERSHIP ,COMPLEX organizations ,MODELS & modelmaking ,MATHEMATICAL variables ,GOAL (Psychology) ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,SCHOOLS ,PRISONS - Abstract
This paper attempts to integrate theoretically the Bales-Parsons model of small groups and a theory of complex organizations. The organizational positions of the instrumental and expressive leaders are seen as critical variables, affecting both the fulfillment of the functional needs of participant groups and the groups' commitment to organizational goals. Complex organizations are distinguished according to the nature of their goals, power employed. and the level of lower-echelon commitment they require. The relations between the small group and the complex organization are reviewed for each kind. These theoretical consideration are applied to the study and administration of prisons, the "Human Relations" approach in industry, therapeutic mental hospitals, and schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. THE RELATION OF STAFF CONSENSUS TO PATIENT DISTURBANCE ON MENTAL HOSPITAL WARDS.
- Author
-
Wallace, Anthony F. C. and Rashkis, Harold A.
- Subjects
HOSPITAL personnel ,CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,PATIENTS ,ANXIETY ,HOSPITAL wards ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals - Abstract
This has been suggested that when a patient on a mental hospital ward becomes the object of covert disagreement among staff members, he will respond by an intensification of behavioral disturbance, and that this will subside only when the disagreement is exposed and resolved. This paper reports on an empirical investigation of this hypothesis, utilizing standard measures of disturbance and consensus. It was found that no significant relation could be demonstrated, for individual patients, between direction of change in staff consensus concerning patients and direction of change in their level of disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1959
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. DECISION-MAKING IN A MENTAL HOSPITAL: REAL, PERCEIVED, AND IDEAL.
- Author
-
Lefton, Mark, Dinitz, Simon, and Pasamanick, Benjamin
- Subjects
DECISION making ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,INFLUENCE ,MENTAL health ,MENTAL health facilities ,DUALISM - Abstract
This paper attempts to examine the decision-making process in a small, institute type of psychiatric hospital in terms of the differences in real, perceived, and ideal influence patterns of 53 mental health specialists. It was hypothesized that these decision-making patterns would reflect the influence of a dual criteria system with respect to the organization and functioning of the hospital. These criteria are, first, the traditional medical bureaucracy and, second, the currently emphasized "team" or equalitarian approach regarding the care and treatment of patients. Under investigation were the nature and implications of this organizational dualism for both the involvement of staff members in the on going decision-making process and their evaluations of this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1959
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. THE TRANSITION FROM INSTITUTIONAL TO SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT.
- Author
-
Proehl, Elizabeth Anne
- Subjects
HOSPITAL & community ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,SOCIAL adjustment ,SOCIAL psychology ,FAMILIES ,COMMUNITY health services - Abstract
This paper will deal with the transition from adjustment in the mental hospital to readjustment in the family and community. The problems of the mental hospital which are of interest for the sociologist fall into three main groups. The first includes those processes which take place before the patient is committed, the second, those which take place in the hospital; the third, those which function to release the patient from the hospital and rehabilitate him to his family and community. The mental hospital is designed as a temporary place of treatment and cure. The hospital and community environments differ in their demands upon the individual, adjustment in the hospital does not assure adjustment in the community. Convalescents are released to the community where they must assume responsibilities, where good readjustment demands assuming a good many responsibilities, and considerable initiative. Hospital facilities extend only partially into the community and are limited by the commitment of the patient.
- Published
- 1938
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A MARKOVIAN ANALYSIS OF A GERIATRIC WARD.
- Author
-
Meredith, Jack
- Subjects
MARKOV processes ,GERIATRICS ,PATIENTS ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,MEDICAL care costs ,MEDICAL care research ,COST effectiveness ,STOCHASTIC processes ,EDUCATION ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This paper evaluates the cost-effectiveness of a specialized geriatric program in a California mental hospital by analyzing the movement of patients into, through, and out of the program. The procedure for modelling the patients' movements between states with a Markov chain is detailed and the results analyzed. First passage times, long-term trends, and stay times until death are derived as well as the associated costs the hospital must endure. Lastly, ways to simulate the effect of possible program modifications are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Two Years' Experience of Group Methods in the Treatment of Male Alcoholics in a Scottish Mental Hospital.
- Author
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Westfield, D. R.
- Subjects
PEOPLE with alcoholism ,MEDICAL care ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,PSYCHIATRISTS ,MENTAL health ,PEOPLE with addiction - Abstract
An account is given of the creation and management of an in-patient therapeutic programme for male alcoholics at Bellsdyke Hospital, Larbert, Stirlingshire, commencing with a selected group within a psychoneurotic unit which it was found necessary to convert into an unstaffed alcoholic unit with often admission procedure. Statistics over a two-year period are provided and discussed. In the discussion which followed an attempt was made to answer a series of questions posed by the experience involved. For their advice and support in the preparation of this Paper, I would like to thank Dr. A. P. Russell, Physician Superintendent, Bellsdyke Hospital, Larbert; Dr. D. A. Pemberton, Consultant Psychiatrist, Bellsdyke Hospital, Larbert; Dr. A. B. Sclare, Consultant Psychiatrist, Eastern District Hospital, Glasgow; Professor Ferguson Rodger. Chair of Psychiatry. Glasgow University; and Dr. R. J. Simpson, Registrar in Psychiatry, Bellsdyke HospitaL Larbert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. One Year's Experience with a Suicide Prevention Service.
- Author
-
Feiden, Elaine S.
- Subjects
SUICIDE prevention ,COMMUNITY mental health services ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,MENTAL health ,COMMUNITY health services ,HOSPITALS - Abstract
On the basis of a community need seen during the years it operated an Information and referral service, Mental Health Association of Westchester County moved, with the help of the psychiatric division of a voluntary hospital and a private psychiatric hospital, to establish and operate a suicide prevention center. This paper presents the staff's experience during the first year of the service's operation-Including problems with community and professional resistance-and offers suggestions as to essential ingredients of an effective service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. EDITORIAL COMMENT.
- Subjects
PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,CLINICAL psychologists ,CONTEMPT (Attitude) ,MENTAL health personnel ,PERSUASION (Psychology) ,PROPAGANDA ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
The article informs that clinical psychologists are so well aware of the place they have won in mental hospitals that it may be a source of either surprise or scorn to learn that some mental hospitals are still unprovided with such service. No propaganda is needed except that where a hospital lacks such service one may well point out to its director or governing board that other mental hospitals not far away think very highly of psychological service. In contrast with the isolationist attitudes discussed above are powerful movements tending to work for greater cooperation and integration of all scientific specialties. Particularly in modern medicine are there active trends toward inter-group coordination.
- Published
- 1948
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Suicides in Mental Hospitals: A Study of the Effects of Personnel and Patient Turnover.
- Author
-
Kahne, Merton J.
- Subjects
SUICIDE ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,MEDICAL care of people with mental illness ,MEDICAL personnel ,PSYCHOLOGY ,HOSPITAL care - Abstract
This paper reports results of an attempt to specify one of the circumstances in which suicide among patients in a mental hospital is most likely to occur, without having to use data which depend on retrospective evaluations of the psychological or motivational adequacy of individuals involved in caring for the patient at the time of his death. Stated simply, the relative size and turnover rates of mental hospital personnel and patient populations are shown to bear a significant relationship to the time at which the suicide occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The Power of the Press.
- Subjects
PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,PSYCHIATRIC hospital patients - Published
- 1948
36. VARIATIONS IN BILATERAL SYMMETRY OF HUMAN FIGURE DRAWINGS ASSOCIATED WITH TWO LEVELS OF ADJUSTMENT.
- Author
-
John, Kenneth B.
- Subjects
PEOPLE with schizophrenia ,FIGURE drawing ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,HOSPITAL care ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,CLINICAL psychology - Abstract
The article attempts to ascertain whether there are measurable differences in the symmetrical accuracy of Human figure drawings (HFD) of schizophrenics and nonpatients. The schizophrenic patients used in the present article were all recent admissions to a psychiatric hospital, while the nonpatients had no known psychiatric hospitalization. The HFD of the two groups were compared, and all five of the symmetry variables along with the total width of the drawing were related to the level of adjustment of the drawer.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE MENTAL HOSPITAL.
- Author
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Cates, Judith N.
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHIATRIC hospitals , *MEDICAL care , *HYPOTHESIS , *CONFLICT management , *IDEOLOGY , *HOSPITAL personnel - Abstract
Previous theory and research in role conflict provided empirical tools and hypotheses regarding conflict resolution. A pencil-and-paper conflict situation was administered to workers in a mental hospital, a setting previously described as conflict- ridden. A positive association was found between mode of conflict resolution, ideology and worker's effectiveness as a hospital employee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. THE MENTAL HOSPITAL UNIT SYSTEM: A CRITICAL EVALUATION AND RESEARCH STATEMENT.
- Author
-
Costonis, Anthony F.
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHIATRIC hospitals , *EVALUATION , *SOCIAL factors , *PATIENTS , *PEOPLE with mental illness , *MEDICAL personnel - Abstract
The increasing concern with social structural factors affecting the treatment process of the hospitalized mental patient has led to a reconsideration of the organization of services provided for patients in these settings. A new format-the unit system-has been designed to enhance the therapeutic potentiality of the large mental hospital by decentralizing the treatment activities of both patients and staff members. This paper examines the unit system in terms of organizational theory, indicating some of the more problematic issues and concerns activated by a decentralization move. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. BACKGROUND NORMS OF PATIENTS AND THE THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY.
- Author
-
Belcher, John C.
- Subjects
- *
THERAPEUTIC communities , *PATIENTS , *PSYCHIATRIC hospitals , *SOCIAL structure , *BEHAVIOR , *MILIEU therapy - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that "total institutions," specifically state operated mental hospitals, contain two cultures: (1) that brought by the inmates and (2) that found in the "institution." Attempts to develop a therapeutic milieu in mental hospitals have been largely directed to `modification of the social structure and have largely ignored cultural norms. There appears to be an implicit assumption that a therapeutic community may be achieved through a social structure with certain universal characteristics. A study of selected background norms of patients in one such "therapeutic milieu" revealed significant differences from the norms of behavior maintained on the ward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE TO FAILURE IN HOSPITAL AND NONHOSPITAL GROUPS.
- Author
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Neiditch, Samuel L.
- Subjects
PEOPLE with mental illness ,PSYCHOSES ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,HUMAN behavior ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,SOCIAL psychology ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,PSYCHOLOGICAL research - Abstract
90 functionally psychotic Ss and 90 nonhospitalized Ss were given varying amounts of failure and nonfailure experiences on a puzzle task. These experiences were temporally associated with a neutral paper-and-pencil task. Tests were made for any differential effect upon preference for the neutral task after this association. A 3-dimensional analysis of variance design yielded significant results (beyond the .01 level) only in the groups of psychotics subjected to failure. These Ss lowered their preference for the formerly neutral task. The results may indicate a loss in the psychotic's ability to respond differentially and appropriately to individual experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. THE LOGIC OF THE STATE MENTAL HOSPITAL.
- Author
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Bucher, Rue and Schatzman, Leonard
- Subjects
PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,PUBLIC hospitals ,HOSPITAL personnel ,NURSES ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHIATRY ,SOCIAL systems - Abstract
In the research reported here, the authors look at the state mental hospital system in its more traditional, chronic, or custodial institutional form. Particular attention has been paid to understanding the perspectives of state hospital workers, the basic institutional conditions of their work, and the relationships between these elements. The aides and practical nurses who run the wards are people of lower class origins, who operate with common sense, relatively non-abstract notions. While they work within the concrete province of psychiatry, they think and talk outside of the psychiatric universe of discourse. The problems of state hospital workers center upon providing a modicum of decent care for large masses of patients with a minimum of resources at hand. The ward workers are confronted with a number of responsibilities with respect to this mass of patients. In this research paper, the author has viewed the state hospital social system as a consequence of a number of conjunctive phenomena which have also been noted by other investigators: the social, political, and administrative requirements, social class and other extrapsychiatric characteristics of the personnel, patient-personnel ratio, and the routines of the hospital.
- Published
- 1962
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A NON-HOSPITAL IN A HOSPITAL.
- Author
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Schwartz, Donald
- Subjects
PSYCHIATRIC emergencies ,COMMUNITY psychiatry ,PSYCHIATRIC research ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,MENTAL health services ,HOSPITAL care ,HEALTH promotion ,PEOPLE with mental illness - Abstract
A different type of psychiatric emergency program is described and preliminary data concerning its operation are presented. The program provides emergency service ranging from outpatient visits to twenty-four hour care. Further reports are anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. AROUND THE CLOCK PATIENT CARE IN JAPANESE PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS: THE ROLE OF THE TSUKISOI.
- Author
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Caudill, William
- Subjects
NURSES ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,HOSPITAL care ,PATIENTS ,PSYCHODYNAMICS - Abstract
Tsukisoi are sub-professional nurses who, in private psychiatric hospitals in Japan, are assigned on a one-to-one basis to patients. The tsukisoi cares for the patient continuously throughout his hospitalization. The work of this role group and its place in the social structure of the hospital are described. Correspondences are drawn between the behavior of the tsukisoi in her technical role and the behavior exhibited in more general roles, such as that of mother, in Japanese culture. The position of the tsukisoi in the power structure of the hospital is seen in relation to the structure of power groupings in organizations such as the Japanese company or factory. Some of the wider sociological and psychodynamic implications of the role of the tsukisoi are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1961
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. STATUS PERCEPTIONS IN A MENTAL HOSPITAL.
- Author
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Dinitz, Simon, Lefton, Mark, and Pasamanick, Benjamin
- Subjects
PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,MEDICAL personnel ,SOCIAL status ,MEDICAL care ,SPECIALISTS ,PATIENTS - Abstract
A number of recent studies of the structure and functioning of the mental hospital have attempted to focus attention upon the nature of and the operational consequences of status differences among participating professional clinical personnel. These investigations have to a large extent been guided, implicitly or explicitly, by a major assumption concerning the effects of status differentiation upon the care and treatment of patients. The study reported in this paper attempts to specify some of the conditions and circumstances which influence staff perceptions of accorded and desired status. The findings indicated that professionals tend to perceive their actual and preferred status through the eyes of their profession or specialty. All specialists agreed on the status hierarchy as presently constituted but disagreed on the ideal status and prestige gradations. Those occupying the upper rungs of the status ladder underestimated their own status when compared to the amount ascribed to them by the other professions. Similarly, the ancillary professional specialists overestimated their own status.
- Published
- 1959
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Perceptions and Factions in a Therapeutic Community.
- Author
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Sheldrake, Peter and Turner, Brian
- Subjects
THERAPEUTIC communities ,ALTERNATIVES to psychiatric hospitalization ,SENSORY perception ,COGNITION ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,SOCIAL groups ,SOCIAL structure - Abstract
This paper presents a study of the perceptions and beliefs, the cognitive structures, found among staff members of a psychiatric ward in a British Psychiatric Hospital. It is based on the analysis of data from a cognitive grid test, which was devised during field research. The evidence suggests that members of small groups do not share a single, common structure of perceptions and beliefs, rather that a complex relationship exists between the social structure of the group and the beliefs its members hold. Cognitive structure or organization here refers to the degree of rigidity or flexibility that characterizes an individual's perceptions. It is suggested that a person who is highly structured perceives in a more global way than a person who is less structured. The data from the cognitive grid test offer a partial insight into whatever cognitive structures might exist with a group. The guiding hypothesis of the present study is that, contrary to previous assumptions, especially by those working in componential analysis, there are no grounds for assuming that people who are similar in position or social status necessarily possess a similar cognitive structure. Indeed, relationships between cognition and social structure may be very complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The mental hospital: a pattern for the future.
- Author
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Orwin, A.
- Subjects
PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,URBAN hospitals ,PATIENTS ,HOSPITAL personnel ,HOSPITAL beds ,HOSPITAL supplies ,MENTAL disability care facilities -- Patients ,CHRONIC disease treatment ,HEALTH facilities ,HOSPITAL medical staff ,HOSPITAL planning - Abstract
The article presents the paper that discusses about Hollymoor Hospital, an urban mental hospital located at the southwest of Birmingham, England. An analysis was done on the data related to the build-up of the long-stay patients resident for two years or more in the hospital, the reception area, the staff, as well as the total patient population. The patients who stayed long in the hospital starting December 31, 1964, and details of the patients admitted during the period 1953-62 were examined. There was a prediction in the hospital's future long-stay bed need. The causes of prolonged institutionalization were emphasized. The remedies and the provision of specialized facilities for treatment and research were suggested as the proper function of this urban mental hospital in the future.
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Group Work in Mental Hospitals.
- Author
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Jones, Maxwell
- Subjects
PSYCHOTHERAPY ,PSYCHIATRIC treatment ,PSYCHOANALYSIS ,MENTAL health counseling ,CARE of people ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,MENTAL health facilities ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,PSYCHOTHERAPY patients - Abstract
The article decribes the types of group work to be adopted in mental hospitals in Great Britain for pyschiatric treatment. This papers tried to expressed that it is impossible to consider group treatment in psychiatric hospitals without referring to the social structure of the hospital as a whole. Psychoanalytic group is for out-patient groups of selected patients with psychoneurotic problems and familiar with conceptual thinking. Ward meetings involve 60 patients with a staff who comes in contact with them. Family group is a case for every patient seen in relation to his family, in which the family should be involved at the initial interview. In activity groups, five patients are formed into a group and activity program are developed within their competence.
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. PSYCHIATRY IN KUWAIT.
- Author
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Kline, Nathan S. and KLINE, N S
- Subjects
PSYCHIATRY ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,RITUAL ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,MENTAL health personnel ,MENTAL health ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,EMPLOYEES - Abstract
The article examines the psychiatric practice and profession in Kuwait. Neuropsychiatric patients were usually taken to a mullah or teacher who will blow on him in a prescribed ritualistic manner or write certain words on paper which will be wrapped in cloth and suspended on a string from the patient's neck or arms. By 1945, the first mental hospital was established with from the conversion of an old prison with staff consisting of eight psychiatrists. The economic and general medical situation of the country
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF AN HOSPITAL SOCIAL STRUCTURE.
- Author
-
Appleby, Lawrence, Ellis, Norman C., Rogers, George W., and Zimmerman, Wm. A.
- Subjects
SOCIAL structure ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,HEALTH facilities ,PSYCHIATRIC nursing ,MEDICAL care ,MENTAL health personnel - Abstract
The article demonstrates how psychological instruments can be utilized in the understanding and study of organizational processes in the mental hospital. The instruments consist of two attitudinal or ideology scales and a measure of role-conception. The attitude scales are the Custodial Mental Illness Ideology Scale (CMI) and the Opinions About Mental Illness questionnaire (OMI). The following four occupational groups were administered the three instruments: the New Psychiatric Aides, Older Aides, Business Maintenance, Clinical Group.
- Published
- 1961
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A COMPARISON OF HOSPITALIZED MENTAL PATIENTS' ADJUSTMENT WITH THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARD PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS.
- Author
-
Roback, Howard and Snyder, William U.
- Subjects
HOSPITAL patients ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,PATIENTS ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
The article cites a study that aims to investigate whether a relationship exists between psychiatric patients' hospital adjustment and their attitudes toward hospitals, to observe patients' feelings about mental hospitals, and to see whether a difference exists in attitude scores of patients on different wards. The Hospital Adjustment Scale provides an estimate of hospital adjustment for use with adult patients of either sex hospitalized in any type of psychiatric institution. The Southern Attitude Scale is a Thurstone-type attitude scale consisting of 72 statements about mental hospitals with which the subject either agrees or disagrees.
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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