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The article focuses on developments relevant to education in Great Britain as of October 1973. Nigel Grant, reader in education at the University of Edinburgh, joined the Editorial Board of "Comparative Education" magazine. The eight session of the Standing Conference of European Ministers of Education was held in June 1973, which focused on "The Educational Needs of the 16-19 Age Group." UNESCO released its latest publication "Present Problems in the Democratization of Secondary and Higher Education." The Schools Council and the Standing Conference on University Entrance published the Working Paper 46, entitled "16-19: Growth and Response, 2. Examination Structure" and Working Paper 47, "Preparation for Degree Courses."

The article focuses on the press and public opinion in Great Britain, discussed at the Conference of the British Sociological Association in 1955. The first influence on the policy of a paper will be its tradition, which is a vital part of its goodwill as a business. Next important factor is the readership's character and the circulation. A paper that is read standing in the train, giving special attention to the interests of women, punters and filmgoers, will not have space to inform its readers adequately about foreign affairs. Third in the list of influences in a newspaper office comes the experience, educational background, sense of responsibility of the editor and his editorial staff. Whatever the policy of the paper, their special interests and bias will be reflected in it. The next factor to consider is contact with readers. The newspaper can influence the reader by a multitude of stories, ideas, recommendations and services. The reader can only refuse his pennies. Circulation is, of course, very important. Without it advertising dies, and the paper dies with it. But generally speaking, the paper's attitude in foreign affairs will be a secondary factor in the reader's choice of reading.

Focuses on a meeting on freshwater ecology held at the Exeter, England-based University of Exeter from 3-7 July, 1964 and a meeting of the Tropical Group on patterns in dry tropical vegetation held in London, England-based Linnean Society on November 4, 1964. Series of papers presented at the meetings; Discussions on each paper; Participants of the meetings.

This section summarizes two papers on labor history that were presented in conferences in 1974. The paper, Why Some Do and Some Don't: Some Determinants of Radicalism Among British and American Coalminers, 1872-1924, described the conceptual framework for a long-range study of the differences in political behavior between the coal mining community in Great Britain and U.S., the point being to discover why it was, in the period just before and after the first world war, that the British coal miners abandoned their commitment to the Liberal Party and turned towards Labour, whereas the U.S. miners, despite strong comparable pressures for radicalization, continued to work within the framework of the existing two-party system. Meanwhile, the paper, Honourable Men and Degraded Slaves: A Comparative Study of Trade Unionism in Two Lanarkshire Mining Communities, 1841-1871, concerned with the interacting effect on the miners' unions of the rise of large iron companies as colliery operators, and the increasing numbers of Irish immigrants in the colliery labor forces. But these factors can only be evaluated within the wider context of a longer historical process, the polar points of which were the emancipation, at the end of the 18th century, of the Scots colliers from a state of serfdom, and the emergence, by the end of the 19th century, of a mining proletariat upon which was based modern, mass trade unionism.

Information about several papers discussed at the exhibits sponsored by the British Ecological Society is presented. Topics include the purpose of land use mapping first as a record on maps of the actual and existing land use, and the Human Settlement and land use in Snowdonia against the background of vegetation ecology in the area. The meeting featured several speakers including Dr Woodhead, Dr Reynoldson, and Mr Le Cren.

The article presents news updates on the Sociological Society of Great Britain, compiled as of January 1913. The meetings of the Session 1912-13 began on October 15 (evening) with a lecture on "Mythology and Life: An Interpretation of Olympus"; On October 29, at an evening meeting, F.W. Mott, read the paper on "Is Insanity on the Increase?"--Edward Brabrook was in the chair. On November 12, at an afternoon meeting, A.K. Coomaraswamy read a paper on "Sati: A Vindication of the Indian Woman"--Sir Francis Younghusband was in the chair. The paper will be published in the April number of the "Sociological Review." On November 26, at an afternoon meeting held in the library of the Royal Asiatic Society, B.L. Hutchins read the paper on "Fatigue and Efficiency."

In this Symposium various papers have been presented dealing with many aspects of work in progress in the United Kingdom recently. I have been asked to make a comparison between this and what is happening elsewhere in the world and also to consider where these various reports may lead. The papers have deal: with such basic concepts as the pharmacological, psychological and social basis of various types of drug dependence, epidemiological reports on changes in incidence and prevalence in England and Ireland; the ejects of legislation on prevention and some aspects of treatment in specialised units and by voluntary bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the University College in London on January 6-7, 1949 and its thirty-fourth annual meeting held at Bristol University in London on January 9, 1948 are presented. Various woods and rare plants in Great Britain were discussed in the 1949 event accompanied by exhibits of various photographs of species while the 1948 meeting was about hydrography and ecology.

This article lists international meetings published in the November 1, 1968 issue of "International Social Science Journal." The list includes Fifth European Symposium of European Committee for Rural Law to be held in the Netherlands, session of Institute of International Law to be held in Great Britain on matters of international law, public and private, conference of Inter-Parliamentary Union to be held in India, and Eleventh General Conference of International Association for Research in Income and Wealth to be held in India. The list also includes Second International Congress of Balkan and Southeast European Studies to be held in Athens, Greece, Tenth International Congress of Criminal Law of International Association of Penal Law to be held in Europe, International Conference on the International Transfer of Management Skills to be held in Europe, Thirteenth Triennial Conference of War Register's International to be held in the U.S., Nineteenth Congress of International Union of Local Authorities to be held in Athens, Greece.

This section presents the highlights of a discussion on race relations during the conference of the British Sociological Association in 1957. Three main papers were read by A. H. Richmond on Theoretical Orientations in Studies of Ethnic Group Relations in Britain, by H. S. Deighton on History and the Study of Race Relations and by H. S. Morris on The Plural Society. The convenor made an opening statement on his views of the nature and possible scope of race relations studies, while professor Pear wound up the second session with a brief outline of the study of speech as a social device for classifying, identifying, and characterizing national and ethnic groups. The programme had been designed to bring a wide range of academic interests to bear up on the field, and in the event there was an interesting interplay of views from sociologists, social anthropologists, historians, and social psychologists. Among the points raised in discussion the following seem to have been of major importance. The definition of prejudice and its measurement are more difficult questions than is often realized, and any simple-minded treatment of racial attitudes can be very misleading. There was emphasis on the need for structural analysis of race relations with special reference to changes in access to political power afforded to minorities.

The article offers information on the symposia concerning various plant viruses and virus diseases. It mentions that the symposia about plant viruses and diseases have at least 10 and a half days of discussions and activities and most of the topics were focused on viruses and virus diseases and its adverse effects in plants, including the diseases that are considered by others to be caused by mycoplasma and other related organisms that scourged the plants. Moreover, the papers which were presented during the discussion covered almost all the aspects of viruses in plants.

This article presents the highlights of a discussion on criminology during the conference of the British Sociological Association in 1957. Attendance at the three meetings of the section ranged between fifty and thirty members. The opening paper by W. Cordon Rose, reviewed the development of criminology in Britain over the last half-century in terms of its relationship to the Penal Reform movement and the growth of social studies in British Universities. In the second paper, J. C. Spencer, director of the Bristol Social Project, dealt more specifically with sociological studies in the field of criminology. Apart from a more effective articulation of studies of delinquent sub-cultures and the socialization process in the delinquent family, he underlined the need for research into the field of white-collar crime. A final paper by L. T. Wilkins, social statistician at the Home Office, dealt with the philosophy of prediction methods, a most important development in the penological field, especially in relation to the use of indeterminate sentences. Although the group contained only a minority of members actively concerned in the criminological field, the presence, of persons from other disciplines may be regarded as an encouraging sign of interest by other sociologists in the association.

The article presents a research paper entitled "Domestic Carpeting: What Do Buyers and the Public Want?," by A. D. Ferguson delivered at the Textile Floorcoverings Group conference in Great Britain held on September 21 and 22, 1971. The paper discusses significant factors affecting the customer's decision in selecting a carpet. Their attraction to the carpet involves color, design and handle. Furthermore, the customer is making an assessment of the comfort factor and durability by using the fingers as a medium rather than the feet in choosing the aesthetic one.

Presents updates on conferences related to environmental studies throughout Great Britain and Europe, as of March 1, 1974.

The article presents an abstract of a research paper on trade unions in Great Britain. The research paper was presented at the Anglo-American Colloquium held at Birkbeck College in London, England from June 22, 1968 to June 23, 1968. The appeal to precedent and legitimacy need not have been conservative in influence when people consider the origin of trade unions. The tactics of mass intimidation could be successful only with groups massive in numbers: they must have some hope of instant results on specific issues--the yearly bond, resistance to new machines, reduction of prices. Smaller artisan groups could scarcely use such tactics. It is here that social scientists find, with the tailors, felt-makers or hatters, book-binders, printers, artisan textile groups, the first trade union organizations which may be considered in terms of the origins of a later movement. As long as artisan trades remained sufficiently porous to permit apprenticed journey-men to rise to the status of masters, the essential antagonism of interest out of which trade unions must arise was not yet present.

This article focuses on the items in the questionnaire by William Lovett, secretary of the Chartist General Convention, aimed at discovering the major economic, political and social matters affecting the working class in Great Britain. The answers to such a series of questions, with the comments of the local Chartist and Radical organizers, would provide a very considerable and useful body of information on the problems and grievances of the working classes and thus aid the central Chartist organization in its attempts to agitate the country. There is, however, no evidence to show that the Chartist Convention made any use of the information, beyond the general knowledge which it gave that body of the state of the working classes throughout the country. It may be that insufficient local associations completed the questionnaires to justify the drawing of conclusions, as is suggested by the fact that among the papers of the Convention there are collected together returns from only a few associations.

The article presents information regarding the International Association For Dental Research proceedings of the British Section School of Dental Surgery at the University of Birmingham, in Birmingham, Great Britain on April 2-3, 1954. An index of participants and corresponding abstracts is provided. A list of papers read by title is presented.

This article analyses the utility of Yalta Conference during the World War II attended by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Here it is advisable to point out that, for the past forty years, diplomatic documents have been in bad odor. This is not the first time the taxpayers have been given a mutilated edition of diplomatic transactions of Great Powers. The colored books of the warring governments of the First World War were a scandal that provoked a storm of criticism. After the publication of the secret treaties made by Great Britain, France and Russia during the years 1914-17, no one should be so simple as to place a prima facie value upon what is tendered in the way of state papers. Such is the case in this instance also. Surely it is not to be imagined that Roosevelt was conversant with the secret dealings of Great Britain and France, and later, after the Nazi attack, with Russia. He would be a simple-minded person who thought for a moment that our President was a student of the secret diplomacy of the First World War. Also, the author doubt whether there was one of his advisers who had taken the trouble to learn how the prospective spoil was to be shared by the victors after the peace settlements were made.

Information about several papers discussed during the two Summer Meetings of the British Ecological Society (BES) is presented. During the first meeting which happened on June 29, 1918, the main topic discussed was on the effect of rabbits to the vegetation and formation of soil. In the second meeting, which was held on August 1-6, 1918, topics discussed was mainly focusing on the characteristic of hill and valley vegetation in the hill region of northern Great Britain.

The article presents an outlook of the summer conferences in Great Britain. The conferences of other professional bodies like the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Royal Sanitary Institute have dealt in large measure with planning problems. It is believed that the most impressive summer meeting would be that of the British Association attracting some 3,500 members. This conference would deal with purely scientific problems shared the programme with papers ranging over the whole field of planning. It is cited that the association has large and wide interests that it is difficult to hold a conference of the duration of one week except by working in defined sections.

The article presents news briefs from Europe relative to management science. British members of The Institute of Management Science (TIMS) will be granted full exemption for their membership dues, as confirmed by the Principal Inspector of Taxes, Inland Revenue. Antonio Valero has been named president of the Administrative Council of the European Association of Management Training Centers. The Operational Research Society will hold its annual conference in England from September 20-22, 1966.

Information about several proceedings discussed at the nineteenth General and tenth Annual Meeting and field meetings sponsored by the British Ecological Society on ecology and environmental science is presented. Topics include the water content of developing and mature foliage leaves, dwarf oakwoods, and examination of vegetation and mollusca of the chalk downs at Aldbury. The symposium featured several professors including R. H. Yapp, W. L. Boys-Smith, and B. M.Griffiths.

The article offers information on the symposium "Physiology and Biochemistry of Parasitism." It mentions that there are several attendees have joined in the discussion concerning parasitism and cites the interaction between the audiences and the speakers during the convention. In addition, the half-day session consists of five or six 20-minute presentations and succeeded by a discussion for about 10 minutes. Moreover, there are two additional sessions that are added, which are based on the topics they have discussed and exhibited the aspects of physiological and biochemical relevance, gathered by researchers in Great Britain.

Presents news briefs related to psychology as of December 1, 1933. Growth in the number of papers of psychodiagnostic interest which are read at the meetings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; Information on lectures delivered at a meeting of the German Society for the Study of Heredity on problems of heredity in the animal and vegetable kingdom; Information on experiments in Russia which aimed at finding methods to regulate the sex of offspring.

Information about the October 19, 1927 annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society is presented. Papers imparted were: "East Florida as a Refuge of the Southern Loyalists, " by Wilbur H. Siebert; "General Grant's Opinion of the War with Mexico," by Justin H. Smith; and "Lewis Hughes, the Militant Minister of the Bermudas, and his Printed Works," by George Watson Cole. The meeting also discussed the resignation of Waldo Lincoln as president of the Society, elections held for new officers, and the acceptance of new members.

The article offers information about several conventions of the British Ecological Society in Great Britain. The symposium titled "The Water Relations of Plants," organized by the Society on April 5-8, 1961, was attended by 112 members and overseas visitors. The meeting of the Tropical Ecology Group of the Society on April 6, 1961 in the Department of Botany was attended by 55 members which was arranged by P. W. Richards. The 1961 Summer Meeting was centered on the Departments of Botany and Zoology which was participated by 35 members who joined in the excursions by several local members. Various topics are also mentioned on each of the events.

The article offers information about the annual meeting of the British Ecological Society at the University College in London, England, on January 5-6, 1939. Professor Tansley explained how pressure of work had made him unable to prepare a speech, and how the Council had made arrangements for it to be read at a meeting at Easter. Resignation of Mrs. Hand was accepted and Elflyn Hughes was elected as a new member of the society.

Information about the paper discussed at a meeting of the Occupational Section of the British Psychological Society in June 1958 is presented. It discusses two problems on what techniques can be borrowed from psychology and applied in consumer research, and what are the ethical implications of applying psychology in the field. It states the ethics of using psychology to help sell anything are the justifiable concern of anyone working in the field.

Reports on various meetings organized by the British Ecological Society. Winter and annual general meeting held at the Botany School of the University of Oxford from January 4-6, 1965; 46th Annual General Meeting held at the Engineering Lecture Theater, University of Oxford on January 5, 1965; Meeting of the Tropical Group held in London, England-based University College on March 24, 1965 on the topic 'Time as a Factor in Tropical Rain Forest.'

The article presents an abstract of a research paper on the use of the terms "left" and "right" in politics. The research paper was presented at the Anglo-American Colloquium held at Birkbeck College in London, England from June 22, 1968 to June 23, 1968. The terms "left" and "left-wing" form such an indispensable part of the British political vocabulary that one might suppose their use to be many generations old. Such, however, is not the case. It is well known that the word "left" and "right" in their political sense had their origin in the assemblies of the French Revolution. The Oxford English Dictionary notes usage of the term "left" in 1837. The terms "left" and "right" were also entering the political vocabularies of other European countries; the German Catholic Centre party for example appearing early in the 1870s. It is puzzling both that political terms of such convenience should have been virtually unknown in nineteenth-century Britain, and that they should suddenly have sprung to life, over a hundred years after their invention, after 1918. Doubtless they were useful descriptive terms during a period of political turmoil.

The article presents an abstract of a research paper on the working classes in Great Britain. The research paper was presented at the Anglo-American Colloquium held at Birkbeck College in London, England from June 22, 1968 to June 23, 1968. In the second half of the nineteenth century, the lives of the urban working classes were becoming even more rapidly transformed by economic change and the physical growth of large cities than ever before. To some extent, social reaction to these changes can be explored by an examination of social activities and institutions organized for the new leisure time of the workers. Essentially, attitudes to the best occupation of leisure time are conditioned by personal value-judgments, within a framework controlled by economic and environmental circumstances. This makes tracing the leisure activities of the workers a complex problem. On the one hand, personal value-judgments cut across class barriers. It is possible to see that one of the results of industrial and technical advance in the society has been the creation of a new order described as the mass society.

Information about several papers discussed at a meeting by the British Ecological Society on ecology is presented. Topics include general ecology in Great Britain, works on the Society's laboratory, and light penetration. The meeting featured several members of the Society including Dr. Pearsall, and Dr. Worthington.

The article discusses the highlights of the summer meeting of the British Ecological Society at the Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Lowestoff from May 22-24, 1931. A brief account of marine fishery research was made by Doctor E. S. Russell, director of the Society. Other presentations on marine fishery research are made, including one by R. E. Savage on Phaeocystis poucheti in relation to Herring Shoals.

The article presents a response to the reappraisal of the monetary and credit system in Great Britain, conducted by the Radcliffe Committee. The article discusses the three titles produced by the committee, "Report of the Committee on the Working of the Monetary System," "Principal Memoranda of Evidence," and "Minutes of Evidence." The three works contain opinions and recommendation, recommendations for monetary policy, and comments as to the relationship between the Bank of England and the British government. The author considers the perplexing lack of dissention amongst committee members, the committee recommendations, the committee's thoughts on the technical aspects of public financing, and monetary policy and its domestic and international implications.

Announces upcoming events on symposiums, workshops and meetings related to dermatology in Great Britain. First Hair Transplant Symposium and Workshop; European Society for Dermatological Research Meeting; The International Symposium on Wound Healing.

Information about several papers discussed at the general meeting of the British Ecological Society which was held on April 12, 1913 in the Botanical Department, University College in Great Britain is presented. Topics include the brief historical summary of the work of the British Vegetation Committee from its inception in 1904, and the resolutions of the British Ecological Society.

Presents news briefs concerning the field of sociology in Great Britain as of December 1952. Initiation of a conference by the British Sociological Association from March 27 to March 29, 1953 at King's College of Household and Social Science in London, England; Information on the Second World Congress of Sociology being organized by the International Sociological Association from August 24 to September 1, 1953; Appearance of the obituary of Professor T. Geiger in the March 1953 issue of the "British Journal of Sociology."