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This paper reviews the history of legislation seeking tax relief for the retirement savings of the self-employed which has been considered in various forms by Congress since 1951. Also covered are the arguments for and against the current proposals as advanced by proponents and those opposed. The current "Keogh" bill was passed by the House in 1959 and is now pending in the Senate. In general, this legislation would permit the deferral of the Federal income tax on the lesser of 10% or $2,500 of yearly income set aside in certain designated types of investments including life insurance. The paper reviews similar legislation enacted in Great Britain in 1956 and in Canada in 1957. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information related to several articles on economics. Economic growth and productivity in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Germany and Japan in the post war period; Dividend policies of electric utility firms; Relationship between the quantity of materials imported by the United States and the level of industrial production and prices of imports.

This paper presents an attempt to examine the applicability of the relative income hypothesis (RIH) in terms of its various specifications proposed by Duesenberry, Duesenberry, Eckstein and Fromm (DEF), Davis and the authors (MD). Using the time series data for 1951 through 1968 the analysis has been carried out for Canada, Finland, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Japan, Philippines, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States. It is found that RIH provides a fairly good representation of the consumption behaviour of all the countries included in the study. All specifications, however, do not perform equally well. DEF and Davis functions score the maximum points; MD comes at par with DEF in case of Finland, Guatemala, and India. The original Duesenberry specification performs very poorly. This lends us to conclude that the process of habit formation is continuous contrary to what is implied by Duesenberry's original specification and that consumption is a better indicator of the standard of living than income is. Estimates of the long-run marginal propensities to consume are essentially the same as those computed from the permanent income hypothesis by Singh and Drost [1970]. This lends support to the view that the two hypotheses have essentially the same long-run implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses changes made to radio broadcasting in Canada and Great Britain after the onset of World War II, and how those practices can be applied to American radio. British radio is controlled by the government, but owned by the British Broadcasting Corp. After the start of the War, British radio was cut from eleven to two stations, news broadcasting times increased in frequency, and broadcasts continued during air raids. In Canada, radio set sales increased dramatically, radio budgets were increased, and censorship in news broadcasts increased. The effects of the War on post-war radio broadcasting is also discussed.

The desire for more effective indicators of well-being is best reflected in the "social indicators movement" which began in the United States in the mid-sixties and has since spread to embrace Great Britain, Canada and Japan. The rapid expansion of interest in the development of social indicators has, not surprisingly, produced numerous problems of definition, measurement and integration which have not yet been resolved. Furthermore, the term "social indicator" has become devalued with increasingly more generous interpretations, so that even the most modest of statistical series have become so named. It has been suggested that the term should be restricted to those measures which can be related to a sociological model of some kind. Much of the past neglect of the importance and potential of the concept must be attributed to confusion over terminology and definitions. Researchers tended to work to their own definitions of standard of living, level of living, plane of living, satisfaction of consumption and norm of living, whilst in the course of time the problem has been compounded by the popular usage of "standard of living" and, more recently, of "quality of life" as terms synonymous with most of these concepts.

The article looks at the difference in British, Canadian, and U.S. legal practice in the use of the challenge and jury selection. It emphasizes the importance of the selection of a jury in a fair trial, wherein the jury must be unbiased towards both parties involve in a dispute. Prospective jurors in Great Britain are said to be chosen from among property owners, while in the U.S. names of the jurors are drawn randomly from a box in the courtroom. An overview of the process of selection of jurors in Great Britain, Canada, and the U.S. is provided. The relationship between social characteristics and juror verdicts is explored.

Cross-section surveys of public opinion are now being conducted continuously in five countries-the U.S., Great Britain, Canada, Australia and Sweden. Through these surveys it has become possible for the first time to measure and to report the views of the common man on the same issue at the same time in five nations of the globe with a combined population of nearly 200,000,000. Sampling surveys as a means of systematically discovering public opinion make no claim to perfection or infallibility. But through their development it has become possible to chart the main trends of public opinion in the five nations and to study the impact of war events on public thinking. The American Institute, oldest of the five, has been measuring and reporting American opinion for seven years. It receives its entire financial support from more than one hundred daily newspapers, of all shades of political belief.

The article focuses on the Canadian curriculum concept of science education in British and U.S. secondary schools. British and U.S. education does not have an equal effect on Canada's educational system. Canada's geographic proximity to the U.S. aided American influence. It is suggested that nations including either England and Wales or Canada should review not only their own history but also other nations' contributions to a discipline prior to innovation. Great Britain's history of science education has periods of distinct emphases which include education traditions such as laboratory-oriented science teaching and a high degree of subject specialization. With regards to U.S. science education, curriculum developments are readily available.

It has long been believed that, although civil registration of births and deaths in England and Wales was prescribed by the 1836 Act and implemented in 1837, birth registration at least was not completely effective for some decades. In making these computations it is obvious that the approach cannot be of the type current in the U.S.A. and Canada, involving a search for the birth certificates of a group of individuals enumerated at a particular census. And any method applied solely to the published data is bound, at best, to be less satisfactory, since it must involve various assumptions, some of which are unverifiable. The main technical question is that of constructing estimates of child populations from the statistics of births and deaths, and the method applied here is that used, though for a different purpose, in connection with the 1911 census of England and Wales. At the same time, provided that births are fairly steady and that infant mortality does not fluctuate violently, the higher "separation factor" used in the above formula would not introduce any significant error.

The article presents a study on the resistance and susceptibility of tomatoes to the leaf mould fungus Cladosporium fulvum (C. fulvum). It was found that resistance to C. fulvum is well known, and a number of resistant varieties of tomato are grown in glasshouse culture. The study showed a general similarity in the progress of physiologic specialization of the leaf mould fungus in Canada and in Great Britain. In Canada, where autumn tomato crops are exposed to heavy infection, resistance is of greater consequence. The increasing use of hybrid tomato varieties may enable the acceleration of the recombination of desired resistance genes into new varieties.

The article questions that is the United States being priced out of the world market. Since much public discussion has been carried on without objective analysis, some pertinent facts are presented. The index of export prices for the United States rose from 100 in the base year 1953 to 106 in 1959. All other countries except Great Britain and Canada experienced a steady growth with particularly sharp rises in 1959. Japan with a 1959 index of 280, Germany with 198 and Italy with 182 was especially outstanding. Assuming that exports have decreased because the prices in the U.S. have risen relative to foreign prices, the causes can be many. Between 1953 and June 1959 the index of U.S. wage rates rose from 100 to 127 while indices of all other major countries showed equal or greater rises. With various forms of government intervention such as subsidies, tariffs and quotas, materials are becoming more costly. High prices may also result from large overhead or insistence on high return on capital.