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The article examines the international human rights protection state practices in Great Britain. The author contends that British state practice in the subject of sovereign states for the protection of human rights offers evidence of unrivalled continuity. The treatment of individual within the British Empire provides the moral justification for actions which sometimes stretched existing international law in the service of Christianity, humanity and civilization.

The article focuses on the changes surrounding the Great Britain Foreign Office. Sir Edward Grey replaced Lord Lansdowne as head of the Foreign Office in December 1905. One member of a Liberal cabinet headed by Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman was appointed as new foreign secretary of the office. According to the author, the new government and the new foreign secretary provide an opportunity of distinguishing the making and administration of foreign policy under two successive heads.

Focuses on the views of British economists on the significance of Australian gold discoveries in 1851, in conjunction with their assessment of the overall value of the colonies. How information about the gold flowed from Australia to Britain; Discussion about the probable effects of the discoveries; Immediate reaction of most economies to the discoveries.

Focuses on the diffusion of steam-engine as a power resource. Implications of the diffusion on Great Britain's manufacturing towns.

The article explores the utilitarian and the Fabian concept of British imperial policy in the nineteenth century. It argues that in the development of the Fabian, the utilitarian concept of empire displayed a zeal for order and centralization. It mentions that the Fabians assumed the position of progressive-intellectual leadership and chiefly concerned of social reform and the evolution of socialism within the framework of constitutional and parliamentary government.

Focuses on the compact enclosure of open fields in Great Britain. Details on the ancient system of open fields in Great Britain; Impact of the open field system on agriculture; Concerns of economic and social historians on the enclosure movement.

Investigates the financial affairs of Great Britain's government during the tenure of the Duke of Newcastle as First Lord of the Treasury. Importance of the investigation to historical studies of the 18th century; Judgment of several authorities on the duke's handling of financial affairs.

Focuses on the financial crisis in Great Britain from 1940 to 1941. Factors that contribute to the delayed financial assistance from the United States (U.S.); Distrust of the U.S. about anything European; Legislation which prevented the U.S. from arranging credit for Great Britain.

Focuses on the implications of the British Navigation Acts in Great Britain to commercial policy and the colonial growth efforts. Examination on the advantages and disadvantages of the regulation in terms of market prices and the pattern of trade; Impact of financial differences in income to colonial welfare.

The article presents a comparative perspective of the relation between police and political change studied in three nations representing three continents. The nations studied were Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, India and the U.S. In relation to this, the structure of the national system, manner of exercising accountability over the police and professional image are discussed. It is stated that the image of the policeman differs from country to country dramatically. In Great Britain, the image is one of honesty and trustworthiness. In Germany, the policeman is viewed as honest, rigid, and unapproachable. French policemen are distrusted although admired for their efficiency. Italian policemen are disliked, distrusted and avoided. Police authority and political power are generally concentrated at same points in the political system. It is stated that policemen affect political life not only directly through their actions but also by the manner in which they handle their duties. The manner in which police accountability is assured fits national political systems. It is concluded that ideological fashions might be no less destructive than professional ones of serious research into the relation between the police and politics.

The modern military development of the British East and West African territories reached its highest level during World War II. Great Britain at that time put aside her standing policy of maintaining establishments sufficient only for colonial domestic needs and recruited forces for general use against Germany, Italy, and Japan.1 Building on a base provided by the Royal West African Frontier Force and the King's African Rifles of East and Central Africa, Britain recruited approximately 470,000 Africans during the war, including over 65,000 from the Gold Coast and 77,000 from Uganda; about 80 per cent of these were serving when the war ended. Although the majority enlisted in army infantry or service corps, tens of thousands served as artisans and technicians, and others in small naval and air establishments. Modern war requirements caused not only a restructuring of African colonial forces, but also forced considerable changes in military recruitment. The 'martial races' traditionally favoured by British officers had to be supplemented by large numbers of skilled and literate recruits from other African peoples; for example, the Ibo, Baganda, and Kikuyu. This rapid expansion of the forces also meant an increased need for British commissioned and non-commissioned officers, who were recruited from Great Britain as well as locally. The many different languages spoken by the new forces meant that simple English displaced Hausa in the west and, to a lesser degree, Swahili in the east, as the standard military language. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the Conservative and Labor parties of Munich, Germany and of Great Britain. It mentions the approach used by the parties in dealing with international affairs, and the uncertainties in their policies. It then cites righteousness of the parties. Other information related to the parties are also mentioned.

The author reflects on the outcome of the British Labour Party victory election in July 1945. He notes that it opened up to exciting view of permanent peace and socialist brotherhood of Left Wing Labourites. He cites the power of ideology in the Labour Party is grounded to the formation of the Party and affirms that Labour Party is a social-democratic. He also provides several statements showing a great deal of contradictions in the British foreign policy.

The author offers his observation on the situation of countries in Western Europe which he visited in 1948 such as Great Britain, France and Italy. The British government has released a framework for the British democratic socialism, which was advocated by the Labor Party. In France, he witnessed the economic problem, which resulted in the political crisis in the country. Italy has successfully concluded its elections in April.

The article focuses on the factors that caused economic and political crisis in Great Britain in 1948. International conflict, bureaucratic web, and immense tangle of regulations and prohibitions are among the factors that affect the country's economy. It is inferred that the press, particularly newspapers, has contributed to the economic downturn due to negative and uncreative information.

The author reflects on sovereign equality on three "super-power" countries including Great Britain, the Soviet Union and the U.S. He mentions that public emphasis on sovereign equality made the position of powerful countries less important. It is mentioned that hierarchy among states is one of the political responsibility of these countries.

The article discusses about the position of the Labour party in the foreign policy of Great Britain. It presents an overview of historical events where Great Britain has been a part of such as the Spanish Civil War and the second World War and explores on the positions held by the Labour party on these events, as well as in other issues that concerns international politics.

The article focuses on the nature of English politics. It cites that Englishmen have suffered diplomatic disasters because they have suddenly become apologetic about their power. It is argued that English politics might have regained the balance, which serves as a sure safeguard against aggression, if the Labor Opposition has been equal to its task of cooperative obstruction. Moreover, the author asserts that the anomalies of English political thought are focused on the aspect of unity.

The author reflects on the problems in learning institutions in Great Britain. He argues that many of the problems of the English universities are due to the changes in the society and the challenges caused by the rapid growth of the whole educational system. Moreover, the author contends that the country's educational system does not educate individuals who would fit in the kind of society in the future.

The article provides an overview of the political development in Great Britain. In 1834, Conservative leader Sir Robert Peel accepted the measure as the definitive solution of electoral reform which describes by Benjamin Disraeli, British Conservative government, as an attempt to construct a party without principles. In 1837, the time that young Victoria had acceded to the throne, the Liberal-Whig control had already lost its sense which post-Reform Law was reserved.

The article focuses on the creations of Thomas Hobbes, an English philosopher, in Great Britain. He analyzed man's psychology and relied on his own observation and ratiocination to establish the best possible state commensurate with mankind's situation. Hobbes works include De la Sagesse, trois livres par Pierre Charron and Leviathan. It adds that Hobbes' account of human nature as self-interested cooperation has proven to be an enduring theory in philosophical anthropology.

The article discusses the political literature on the diplomatic relationship between the U.S. and Great Britain during the period 1895-1956. It focuses on the diplomatic relations of the two nations that had been primarily influenced by the evolution of elite policy makers and the intermingling of ideologies. Moreover, it examines the interplay between traditional realism and quasi-ideology that fueled the attitude of the British elite towards the U.S. in relation to world politics.

The article discusses the morality in Great Britain which involve the mid-Victorian's attitudes toward the mystery, daemonic, and the irrational. The mid-Victorian attitude toward mystery, the daemonic, and the irrational, and the change which this attitude represented from the attitude of earlier Romantics was concisely and precisely expressed by Matthew Arnold in his letter written in 1865.

The article discusses why William Gladstone, Liberal British statesman who served as prime minister four times, change his position. It analyzes the position which Gladstone came to accept in later life. It relates this notion of liberty to the ideas of democracy and equality which Gladstone entertained.

The article provides information on the controversy surrounding the 1958 political survey in Great Britain. It has been noted by the author that the 1958 Gallup poll indicated the dominance of the Conservative party for the first time since 1955. The author added that despite of the poll result, the Conservatives were hopeful of another victory over the Labour party in the 1959 election.

The article reports on the reassertion of the action and policy concerning the decision of the British Government to produce hydrogen bomb for defense in Great Britain. It discusses the agreement made by the U.S. and British government concerning the improvement of their defense systems. It also mentions the plan of the British government to focus on the traditional nuclear means of engaging battle.

The article explores the relationship of Great Britain with Europe since 1945. It particularly looks at the involvement of Britain in the movement for European unity, driven by the needs of defense from the threat posed by the strengthening of the Soviet Union and the possibility of nuclear fission within the region itself. Given the country's weak communication link to the Continental group, the author believes that it will take more years before Britain join fully in the movement for unity.

The article discusses the concepts of Original Sin and Utopia to explain the ideas of British Socialism in Great Britain. It is averred that this two opposed points of view have been and continue to be repeated in Labour thought. These views are diametrically contradicted, incompatible and concentrates on the character of the individual.

The article focuses on the criticism in response to the book "Constitution for a Socialist Commonwealth," by Beatrice and Sidney Webb in Great Britain. According to the author, the Webb's constitution was referred to as the least successful among their major books, however, their suggestions can be found unknowingly into to the Labour Party programs. The author also noted, the main principle of the Webb's constitution is based on an vague line of thought in the middle of 19th century.