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Water is a vital resource for the existence of mankind and all ecosystems on Earth. Before using it, it must be ensured that water is of good quality, within the hygienic-sanitary norms for human consumption. In recent decades, the supply of drinking water has been supplemented with the water bottled in glass and plastic bottles, which is found everywhere in the market of the Republic of Kosovo. This paper deals with the content of the label paper and the variation of physico-chemical parameters of bottled water which is extracted, analyzed, processed, filled, packaged and distributed on the market of the Republic of Kosovo and beyond as a product for consumption. i.e. In this paper 20 brands of groundwater (types of water) produced and packaged in the territory of Kosovo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediation is an alternative method of dispute resolution and as such creates legal effects. Therefore, in this paper, mediation will be analyzed as an alternative method of dispute resolution in Kosovo, with special emphasis on the applicability of this process in Kosovo in the civil field. Furthermore, this paper will delve into the concept of mediation, its legal implications, comparative advantages vis-à-vis judicial proceedings, and based on qualitative data, provide recommendations for its continued enhancement, addressing delays and advocating for pertinent changes within the context of Kosovo. This study successfully addresses all research inquiries, achieves stipulated objectives, comprehensively examines the evolution and ongoing implementation of mediation in Kosovo, underscores its benefits, and derives actionable recommendations for its progressive evolution within the region. This study is based on the empirical methodology which presents the findings from the empirical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify why and under what circumstances employees prefer to remain silent. The qualitative method was used to understand the reasons for the employees' silence, for which in-depth interviews were conducted. In this paper, 20 employees of the private sector in Kosovo were interviewed. Of the employees who were interviewed, seven of them are from the production sector, five from the service sector, three from the private education sector, and five from the trade sector. The interview data determined codes and categories, which were analyzed using the content analysis method. The data provided by the interview participants were analyzed through the MAXQDA 2020 qualitative data analysis program. Three categories with 21 codes mentioned in 263 cases were identified during data processing. The results show that the employees' fear of the managers and the management's approach is among the main reasons for the employees' silence. In addition, other reasons impacting employees' silence have been identified and presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the first three articles that appeared in the Agora on Kosovo, this paper argues that there is a right of unilateral secession based on the right of external self-determination. According to the authors, the latter right is applicable outside a colonial context, in limited circumstances resembling the colonial paradigm. Modern customary international law provides the legal basis for a right of “remedial secession”, an argument that is supported by relevant State and institutional practice. After having discussed the conditions of this right and its legal basis, the authors apply their findings to the Kosovo case, in order to answer the question whether the Kosovo Albanians had a right of unilateral secession under international law. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the vital importance of infrastructure protection and risk management in the context of the devastating 2023 earthquake in Turkey, which resulted in over 50,000 deaths and left 1.5 million homeless. Highlighting the consequences of inadequate infrastructure and government failure to enforce building standards, the study stresses similar risks in countries like Kosovo and North Macedonia. It argues for enhanced government regulation, improved urban planning, and robust international collaboration in disaster response to better prepare for and mitigate future seismic events. Through a detailed analysis of the Turkey earthquake, the paper provides essential insights into creating more resilient and disaster-ready communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper brings the analysis on the impact of the digitization of public services in increasing transparency, institutional accountability and citizens' access to digitized public services in Kosovo. Digitization with dynamic developments in the field of technology remains almost surpassed as a concept and approach for the modernization of Public Administration, namely the deployment of public services on digital platforms. Digitization is an extremely complex and demanding process with particular emphasis on societies where the institutional culture is challenged by various problems such as lack of accountability, limited transparency, the presence of corruption, the lack of sustainable economic development, an education system that has not been achieved to adapt to the demands of the labour market as well as the last but not least the importance where disadvantaged groups in all their diversity are recognized and protected by the legal framework but their inclusion in practice is at an unsatisfactory level as a result of not being priority during policy planning and their budgeting. Therefore, it is of scientific interest, but simultaneously for the creation of applicable policies that aim to regulate and improve the access of citizens to public services, and to increase accountability, transparency, and reduce corruption in the Public Administration sector to analyse how and how much through the digitalization of public services, such an increase of the system in the service of citizens is possible, and what does digitalization actually bring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As with all Western Balkans states, Kosovo is an aspiring member-state of the European Union, knocking at the door and trying to align its internal as well as external affairs with those of the European Union, which is easier said than done. This paper will focus on the internal and external levels of preparedness of Kosovo in its aims to integrate into the European Union as a full-fledged member. The paper will cover the most important obstacles in front of Kosovo’s path, as well as its shortcomings which must be addressed in its path to EU integration. The paper will aim to have an encompassing analysis of the preparedness level of Kosovo by looking over its path to independence, the initial steps and agreements made with the European Union, followed by an analysis of the most immediate issues with Serbia which dramatically hinder Kosovo’s path, while also analyzing and understanding the internal preparedness in terms of judicial, bureaucratic, administrative etc. reforms which are and should be undertaken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the efforts to enhance regional cooperation in the Western Balkans and how this has increased engagement between the EU and the Western Balkans.1 The regional initiatives are more present when the European Union (EU) shows little interest in the Western Balkans region. However, these efforts have yet to address all the concerns adequately and have not brought to life tangible results despite many political declarations. One of the most commented initiatives, like the Open Balkans, has caused concern in the region and caused tension between Kosovo and Albania over the past few years. The paper enlightens the challenges of regional cooperation during the last years, the contribution of this process in the integration process, and the role played by Albania. Also, the paper tries to analyze the success and failures of the "Open Balkan" initiative and the Regional Common Market. Furthermore, the paper framework examined the progress of regional cooperation initiatives and the region's attention to the European integration process. Additionally, the paper seeks to determine whether regional cooperation is a viable alternative for the region or merely an external-driven initiative and the role of the EU in promoting regional cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper explores the critical issue of resocialization and rehabilitation of convicted individuals within the criminal justice system of the Republic of Kosovo. Crime is a phenomenon that threatens society according to external and internal negative factors. It affected the functioning of security, the social environment, and the economy in modern society for years. State institutions and civil and academic society must be engaged to have activities adequate for the resocialization, and re-education of persons convicted of criminal offenses. At the same time, preventive measures should be taken to avoid criminal behavior for which behavior then only unconditional measures should be taken, which is Prison. The paper proposes evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, correctional institutions, and community stakeholders. These recommendations aim to enhance existing strategies and foster a more inclusive and effective resocialization process for convicted persons in Kosovo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Kosovo endeavors to meet global standards amidst rapid technological advances and increasing international market demands, its path to sustainable development encounters notable obstacles. This research paper investigates the challenges faced by the Kosovo's business sector, stemming from a significant lack of qualified workforce. This shortage impedes not only competition and business growth but also stifles innovation, adaptation to technological advancements, and overall expansion. This study methodically examines the repercussions of this skills deficit on local enterprises through a detailed statistical data analysis, interviews with business representatives, and an extensive review of prior research. Additionally, it assesses how visa liberalization could influence the local labor market by potentially intensifying brain drain--where skilled individuals might emigrate in search of better opportunities, thereby further depleting local talent pools. The paper proposes targeted recommendations to enhance educational systems, vocational training, and workforce development strategies. These suggestions aim to foster sustainable, innovative, and vigorous economic growth, enabling Kosovo to integrate more effectively into the global economy and harness the advantages of increased labor mobility. This analysis provides critical insights into strategic planning necessary to overcome labor market challenges, crucial for Kosovo's economic and social progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the realm of property matters, or more precisely, the infringement of property rights and the pursuit of adequate justice, Kosovo stands out as one of the most unique cases. Its uniqueness stems not from a singular circumstance, law, or period but from a complex interplay of events, laws, and historical periods. The primary objectives of this paper revolve around property disputes stemming from ethnic conflicts, discriminatory laws, and wartime circumstances. The paper is grounded in two fundamental hypotheses. Firstly, it seeks to examine the property disputes that have arisen because of these conflicts, discriminatory laws, and war, particularly targeting certain segments of the population. Secondly, it aims to explore strategies for avoiding such consequences in the future and recovering material damages incurred. The context under observation is also important because of the significant involvement and influence of the international administration. In this sense, the case of Kosovo can serve as a typical example, theoretically and practically, for other societies and countries facing similar challenges. Lessons from the positive aspects of Kosovo's case should be considered while avoiding repeating numerous mistakes to prevent these countries from experiencing the consequences of such oversights. Methods: The foundational sources used to develop this paper encompass scholarly works such as textbooks and scientific papers, legislative acts including international conventions, and judicial practice. Given the paper’s unique nature and the problem it addresses, it further draws upon a range of research and reports from reputable international organisations that have systematically monitored the situation as impartial observers. The paper adheres to a specific methodology, with the historical method being indispensable in matters related to property. Through this method, the evolution of ownership, ideas, community consciousness, political and social movements that influenced the law, and international missions approaches that contributed to shaping distinctive legislation in Kosovo known as 'UNMIK Regulation’ are unveiled. This study predominantly employed the analysis method, synthesis method, and comparative method. The analysis method scrutinises relevant legal provisions and case law, while the synthesis method has been utilised within the framework of comparative methods. To a certain extent, the descriptive method was also employed to furnish readers with a clear overview of the events and relevant implementation mechanisms related to property rights. Results and Conclusions: The paper delineates three major types of property disputes arising from the unique circumstances characterising Kosovo: property claims deriving from ‘repressive measures’ (1990-1998), property claims deriving after the war (27 February 1998 - 20 June 1999); and property claims caused by the system of social property (after 1945)– subsequently deriving from its privatisation after 1999. For each of these violations of property rights, their causes, circumstances, and underlying purposes are examined and argued. The paper also discusses approaches for addressing these disputes. While it is concluded that addressing property claims deriving after the war (27 February 1998 - 20 June 1999) has been satisfactory, the same cannot be said for the other two categories of property disputes. In these instances, modern law remains largely silent. Therefore, although this paper is titled ‘justice’ in property matters it primarily grapples with the prevailing of ‘injustices’ in property matters. However, the paper offers ideas and suggestions on how modern law can address these categories of violation of property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem addressed in this study is the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism economies of Kosovo (KOS) and Albania (AL), which led to economic–financial stagnation and price increases. The aim was to analyze the financial frontier challenges facing the tourism industry during COVID-19 and beyond and propose effective strategies for shaping a sustainable future for countries within Europe with great potential for tourism development in the current decade. The survey was conducted in 102 locations, including cities, municipalities, regions, villages, and neighborhoods in both countries over the years 2020–2023, while data analysis was performed using a cluster analysis (K-means and hierarchical) and the multidimensional scaling method (Alscal). The results highlighted (a) the severe impact of COVID-19 on both the population and businesses in the tourism sector, which will persist beyond the pandemic, (b) the indispensable role of government intervention in alleviating the financial crisis, (c) the need for innovative approaches and accurate financial management by both the country and businesses to attract tourists, and (d) the importance of control and management for financial sustainability. This paper is of significant importance to tourism destinations as it provides insights into the severe impact of COVID-19 on both the population and businesses in the tourism economies. By highlighting the indispensable role of government intervention, the need for innovative approaches and accurate financial management, and the importance of control and management for financial sustainability, the study offers valuable guidance for tourism destinations in navigating the current crisis and attracting tourists. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the need for future studies to explore opportunities for long-term financial resilience and growth, contributing to the development of sustainable tourism destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The participation of women in criminal activity in Kosovo has not received ample attention in research, despite existing studies focusing on women as victims. This paper aims to address this gap and lay the groundwork for further investigation. The study examines the phenomenon of women convicted with final verdicts, covering the period from 2003 to 2009 regarding volume and dynamics, and from 2010 to 2019 regarding the structure of criminal acts. It delves into the etiology of these crimes, analyzing the factors contributing to the increasing dynamics and the types of offenses committed during these years. Special attention is given to electricity theft, offenses against public transport safety, and offenses against life and bodily integrity. The paper uses the quantitative method, statistical analysis, and comparative analysis with other countries, such as Slovenia, Croatia, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, and Serbia in the same period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of wind power generators into transmission system presents several challenges related to protection schemes, particularly in the areas of relay protection and overcurrent protection. This paper provides an overview in the impact of connecting wind power generators to the transmission system and discusses the key considerations for designing effective relay and overcurrent protection strategies. Intensive analysis was conducted on multiple scenarios involving critical short-circuits, occurring at different nodes within the system, specifically focusing on three-phase current. The situation where the circuit breaker is disconnected after the relay protection was activated, ensuring the protection of high voltage equipment, was also examined. Without proper protection coordination, the selectivity, reliability and sensitivity of the protection system can be compromised. In this paper, a comprehensive protection coordination strategy was developed for the new substation 35/10 kV in Koznica. The use of system simulation techniques, such as employing (Electrical Transient Analyser Program (ETAP) software, can be an effective way to validate the performance and functionality of a system protection. In all simulated scenarios, the analysis identified the circuit breakers that were activated in response to short-circuit faults. This approach ensured the reliability and accuracy of the coordination scheme, thereby enhancing the overall performance and resilience of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to find out the effect of green Human Resources Management and employee performance on work-life balance, in small and medium enterprises operating in transition economies, specifically in Kosovo. Additionally, this paper presents a comprehensive conceptual framework for green human resources management and work-life balance. In order to find out this relation, a questionnaire was delivered to employees of small and medium enterprises in Kosovo. The data collected was analyzed using STATA 14. To test the hypothesis, a linear model was constituted, and a regression analysis was conducted using the OLS technique. The model results indicate positive linear correlation between green human resource management, work-life balance, and employee performance, which means that green HRM and employee performance have significant impact on work-life balance of employees in small and medium enterprises in transition countries. This study contributes to practical level, as it provides important information to companies in Kosovo, who should take into consideration the importance of incorporating new green strategies in their human resource practices to facilitate work-life balance for employees, consequently leading to enhance company performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaching the destination, users often encounter complex interfaces created between hospital spaces and the urban tissue. The literature highlights the influence of spatial configuration on the performance of external and internal spaces of healthcare settings. In this regard, studies related to Emergency Department (ED), mostly focus on internal spaces, without specific research on the accessibility of the structures themselves. By extending the research area to the entire system of territory-hospital-ED relations, the study conducted at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo (UCCK) in the city of Prishtina aims to investigate the effects of spatial configuration on the performance of spaces in the patient's journey to ED. The paper attempts to understand the causes that have shaped the spatial configuration of the city and the hospital over the years and their impact on ED accessibility. Through configurational theory of architecture, the paper quantitatively examines the interactions between the levels of this relational system at various spatial scales and time intervals. A methodological framework of spatial requirements and corresponding indicators was developed. It was observed that the declined syntactic values of the city affected the degree of the hospital accessibility, deteriorating the continuity of movement from the city to the hospital, followed by a subsequent disruption due to the change in the spatial configuration of the hospital and the relative position of ED. The outcome shows that configurational changes affect the continuity of movement sequentially in each segment of the patient's journey towards ED, with interrelated consequences at all levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being part of the former Socialist Federation of Yugoslavia, according to the Constitution and applicable legislation, Kosovo had social ownership expressed through social enterprises, state properties and ownership by private owners. This system was unique to former Yugoslavia and differs from other former socialist countries. In this aspect, Kosovo, in the democratic transition process, faced the challenges of transforming the first two types of ownership to adapt to the market economy. Social ownership (social enterprises) was presented for privatization through the competent institution (Kosovo Trust Agency, Privatization Agency of Kosovo), while state enterprises received a new status - public enterprises which were transformed into joint-stock companies. This paper elaborates on the privatization process of social and state property according to the model of the free market economy. The paper analyses the legislation and the role of competent institutions as carriers of the property transformation process in the Republic of Kosovo. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the difficulties and challenges of the process of democratic transformation of the society and state institutions of Kosovo from the Socialist System to the Liberal Democracy expressed through the transformation of ownership - the process of privatization of social enterprises and the transformation of state enterprises into public joint stock companies. The paper is analysed by a methodological framework expressed through analysis and synthesis, descriptive method, statistical and comparative method. The paper highlights the difficulties which Kosovo has been passing and continues to face as a new state in the process of privatization and the unwanted effects that this process has had on the economic development of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific paper aims to analyse the role and contribution of the Auditor General in the exercise of control in the public administration in Kosovo. The Auditor General, as an independent and impartial institution, plays a decisive role in ensuring transparency, accountability, and efficiency in the management of public resources (Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo, 2016, Article 4). In addition, the impact of the Auditor General’s reports and recommendations on improving governance, increasing public trust, and promoting effective decision-making within the public sector has also been discussed. The research methodology includes a combination of quantitative and analytical approaches to concrete actions by the Auditor General and the National Audit Office (NAO) in Kosovo. The paper identifies the main challenges and problems that affect the efficiency and effectiveness of public auditing, such as the lack of human and financial resources, political interference, non-implementation of audit recommendations, and the like. The paper concludes that the Auditor General plays an essential role in the exercise of control intending to improve the condition of the institutions and their employees as well as ensure transparency and accountability of the public administration in Kosovo, but it needs support and respect from the stakeholders to achieve its objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the regulatory barriers to achieving sustainable buildings in Kosovo. The present paper focuses on regulatory barriers viewed from the perspective of construction industry experts in achieving sustainable buildings. Design/methodology/approach: The present study uses a qualitative research method and semi-structured interviews as a research instrument. The present study interviews around 20 experts in construction and property management, property development, spatial planning and energy management. Findings: The study finds that Kosovo building laws and regulations provide for the materials assessment criteria, but the materials assessment criteria are only for mechanic strength. The study further finds that the sustainability concept is not included and incorporated in Kosovo's urban planning laws and regulations. The study also finds that despite specific clauses mentioning energy performance certificates in the Law on Energy Performance of Buildings in Kosovo, energy performance certificates appears to be not enforced and the nature of the barrier is more organizational rather than regulatory. Finally, the study finds that Kosovo laws are silent as far as green labeling of building materials is concerned. Practical implications: The implication of the present finding is that policymakers in Kosovo not only should include clear sustainable materials assessment criteria in the law, but also enforce those criteria through testing and inspection mechanisms included in the law and implemented in practice through funding and organizational support. Nonetheless, policymakers in Kosovo should contemplate amending the urban planning laws in Kosovo and include both the term of sustainability at the planning level and conformity guidelines for sustainable design that can be done at the administrative directive level. Further, the clauses in the law do not suffice if the clauses are not accompanied by specific systemic and organizational support in the issuance of energy performance certificates. Policymakers in Kosovo should be proactive in designing clauses that specify green labeling standards for materials; however, these labeling standards should not adversely affect the cost of construction and reduce the demand for real estate. Originality/value: The study is the first qualitative study about the perception of construction professionals in Kosovo, regarding the regulatory barriers of sustainable buildings in Kosovo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning and teaching a language for specific purposes, in our case English language, is quite a new approach at the Public University of Prishtina, which was established only in 1970. Considering this fact, English language teaching in Kosovo has been around ever since. It was initially taught as General English (GE) in the schools of the capital city and later, namely from the 1980s to date throughout the country. Nevertheless, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is one of the most recent courses that have started to attract the attention of the domestic teaching authorities, mainly at the university level, while it continues to be absent in secondary schools. Despite this, the reason for the absence of ESP in secondary education relates to the lack of planning, extracurricular teaching materials or specific textbooks. In this paper, we will review the current state of GE at the University of Prishtina by assessing the English language first-term exam results for two groups of students in the first year in the Departments of History and Political Sciences, with the aim of finding out whether they are ready to attend ESP courses in the second semester. Research has taken place amongst male and female students, aged 18-19, who attended the A1 and B2+GE level as per the CEFR requirements. The students who pass the exam may be qualified to attend the ESP classes in the second semester, whereas students who did not should continue with GE classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the constitutional adjustments Kosovo should make in the EU accession process. Because European integration may necessitate fundamental changes in the constitutional principles, the paper will address them by offering concrete solutions to issues such as the primacy of EU law and the transfer of sovereignty. Issues related to human rights, such as the right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections and the right to freedom of movement. The path followed by other countries in the process of adapting their constitutions to EU law represents a very rich constitutional experience; therefore, this article clarifies concrete issues presented by the Kosovo Constitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Critique of Law: Independent Legal Studies / Krytyka Prawa: Niezalezne Studia nad Prawem is the property of Akademia Leona Kozminskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on elaborating and analyzing the state of criminality from the phenomenological dimension and the reaction to juvenile crime in Kosovo in the 2017-2019 research period. In the paper, after the conceptual definition of juvenile delinquency, we will analyze the statistical data of juvenile delinquency registered in the prosecutor's office, their dynamics, such as the imposition of diversity measures, educational measures and punishments in the three-year research period. The purpose of the research is mainly focused on the registered criminal offenses committed by minors and the imposition of diversity measures, educational measures and punishments against minors for committing criminal offenses in Kosovo. The approach to dealing with this topic lies in the recent concerns about the increase in the percentage of juvenile delinquency in Kosovo, especially the increase in the percentage in the Gjilan Region. The method that is used to analyze the phenomenological dimension and criminality is the deskresearch method. Given the topicality of the topic, the scientific approach, we estimate that the results of this research-scientific paper will serve the competent bodies and institutions for the prevention and fight against this negative phenomenon in Kosovo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article 233 of the most recent Criminal Code of Kosovo, enacted in 2019, includes the criminal act of "Inducing sexual acts by false promise of marriage." According to this Code, this act is committed by a person deceptively and falsely promising marriage to induce a person between the ages of sixteen and eighteen years to engage in a sexual act. This paper has three primary goals. First, to present a normative chronology and analyze the elements of this criminal offense. Second, to present the degree of dangerousness and data on the number of persons convicted in Kosovo from 2003-2019, and thirdly, to justify the causes and the need for decriminalization. Therefore, the paper uses normative, historicalcomparative, and objective analysis (reasonableness, teleological) to answer the research questions, including the literature review and personal communications with the former Deputy President of the Supreme Court of Kosovo by adopting a qualitative method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Constitutional Court of Kosovo, envisioned as a cornerstone institution for upholding constitutional order and safeguarding fundamental human rights and freedoms, has assumed a pivotal role in the nation's legal landscape. Since its establishment, it has become a prominent figurehead in addressing claims of constitutional violations, often surpassing the expectations of its drafters and the governing law. This paper aims to delve into the court's transformation and its influence on Kosovo's political landscape, focusing on key cases that have shaped its evolution. It examines the court's pivotal role, the challenges it faces, and its lasting impact on Kosovo's legal and political landscape by analyzing the constitutional provisions and other legal acts that govern the Court's competencies. Additionally, it explores the main court decisions and its practices to illustrate how its work manifests in practice. This paper aims to explore the mechanisms and entities responsible for assessing the constitutionality of legal measures, constitutional amendments, and statutes within the context of Kosovo's legal system. It concludes that the Constitutional Court of Kosovo has emerged as the most influential entity in the institutional landscape of Kosovo. It has assumed the primary role in upholding constitutional order, the rule of law, and democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trial in absentia has been an extensively discussed matter in post-war Kosovo and has been criticized due to the fact that the trial in absentia was removed from the Provisional Criminal Code, considering the crimes that were committed in Kosovo, which in some form even risked remaining unpunished. This procedural obstacle precisely resulted in many cases dragging on year after year, and due to the lack of legal foundation, many perpetrators of serious criminal offenses remained entirely unpunished. But procedurally, how can we define a trial in absentia? A trial in absentia means the conduct of criminal proceedings without the presence of the defendant. Consequently, it involves bypassing many procedural stages, as the realization of this trial deprives the defendant of a series of rights, such as the right to submit evidence in criminal proceedings, then the right to challenge evidence and the accusatory act itself, the right to the adversarial proceedings principle, admission of guilt, and the benefits arising from such admission, and so forth. Another important matter is the right to use legal remedy - appeal. These issues will be addressed in this scientific paper, where through the normative method we will be able to reach more precise conclusions regarding legal changes that have occurred, as well as the significance this institute holds today. As noted, the method that will be applied during the treatment of this scientific paper is the normative method: This method is essential to assess laws and legal cases in accordance with specific legal standards and norms. It will be used to assess whether an action is legal or not and to provide interpretation and understanding of laws and legal norms. Other methods that will be used in this paper include statistical methods as a group of techniques used to analyze and interpret data collected from various sources or to make predictions based on existing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aims to enhance the awareness of cybersecurity among the citizens of Kosovo, addressing the escalating risks and challenges posed by cyber threats. Employing a robust quantitative methodology involving surveys and interviews, this study delves into citizens' awareness, information, and the formidable barriers they encounter within the cybersecurity domain. The research findings underscore a commendable level of awareness among citizens concerning the perils of cyber threats, coexisting with a noteworthy deficiency in general cybersecurity information. Additionally, citizens identify an array of barriers and challenges that hinder their ability to fortify their defence against cyberattacks. Notably, a correlation analysis unearths a positive relationship between information and awareness, implying that as citizens acquire more knowledge, their cybersecurity awareness tends to thrive. Conversely, barriers and challenges exhibit a negative correlation with awareness, emphasizing the substantial impact these obstacles can have on citizens' preparedness. Moreover, ANOVA - Analysis of Variance provides a comprehensive examination of the influence of information, barriers, and challenges on citizens' overall awareness. Furthermore, hypothesis testing reaffirms the research's core findings: citizens in Kosovo possess a high degree of awareness concerning cyber threats, yet they grapple with a deficiency in general cybersecurity information and confront multifaceted barriers and challenges in safeguarding their digital landscapes. This research paper not only contributes to the fortification of cybersecurity awareness among Kosovo's citizens but also underscores the critical need to address the prevailing challenges in this domain. Through concerted efforts to bolster cybersecurity education, provide accessible information resources, and surmount the barriers that citizens face, Kosovo can stride toward a more cyber-resilient society. By embracing these measures, Kosovo positions itself to navigate the complex landscape of cybersecurity threats, ensuring the safety and security of its digital realm in an increasingly interconnected world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account the circumstances that Kosovo has faced since the 1990s until now, we can say that significant steps have been taken to advance the country's economic development, but it is still regarded as a country that is not economically developed enough, with a deep negative trade balance and an unfavorable macroeconomic policy to ensure a faster development trend, despite recent economic growth that has been insufficient to affect this. For analysis, we took the life and non-life insurance sector, which turns out to be undeveloped and participates in the financial sector with only 2.7%, so it is a symbolic indicator that speaks for itself about the development of the insurance sector. This industry is characterized by a low level of development, and the main motive is to analyze the development trend of this sector while comparing it with the countries of the region.The purpose of this paper is to identify and examine gross written premiums in the insurance sector in the Western Balkans. In this paper, we will analyze the trend of the gross written premium in the insurance sector in Kosova compared to the countries of the Western Balkans. The sample contains data such as the number of inhabitants, the total gross income at country level, the income per capita, the gross written premium, the rate of insurance density, and the penetration rate for the countries of Kosova, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia for the period 2010–2021.The empirical research is done by collecting data from the official reports published on an annual basis by the financial institutions of the countries in the region as well as the World Bank. A research paper is classified as an exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory study. Comparative analysis and descriptive statistics will be the methodologies applied in this paper.The analysis of these data shows that the development of the insurance market in Kosova and the countries of the Western Balkans from 2010 onwards, despite the new market entries of branches of large groups, has not been characterized by real strategies for the exploration of new segments of the market and an increase in demand. The insurance sector needs to be influenced by strategic approaches that move from transaction value to product lifetime value and from product life cycle to customer life cycle. The commitment to create an attractive environment for business initiatives and foreign investments, in addition to being a constant challenge for underdeveloped economies, should also be a strategic goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we provide additional data on the orb-weaver spider fauna (Araneae: Araneidae) of Kosovo. Three species are reported for the first time from this country: Araneus grossus (C.L. Koch, 1844), Argiope lobata (Pallas, 1772) and Cyclosa oculata (Walckenaer, 1802). In consideration of the findings and the updated checklist of Araneidae in this study, the documented number of spider species in Kosovo has now increased to 251. Given that the spider fauna of Kosovo is still not fully explored, our study emphasizes the necessity of ongoing exploration to better comprehend the diversity of spider species within the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Politics and policy design have always been part of the debate in multi-ethnic societies. In particular, in post-conflict contexts of any state, outlining a language policy that would bring satisfaction to all involved parties has been and continues to be a challenge. Political programs and choices can impact the designing of a certain language policy, while its application has consequences in many dimensions. In the context of minoritymajority relations linguistic policies impact notably the dimensions of education, participation of all minority groups in public life, and preservation of cultural and ethnic identity, among others. Kosovo as a newly formed country has applied a particular model of linguistic accommodation allowing application and preservation of minority languages despite the low percentage thresholds. The model as such is unique in itself as well as advanced in comparison to the regional and wider European practices. Through qualitative analysis, the author will research and assess the framework that ensures the application of bilingualism and multilingualism in Kosovo. In this paper, I will outline the model and conclude that guarantees enshrined within its legal and policy framework have served as a tool for greater integration of minorities in public life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building a ‘rule of law based’-democracy is a challenge for post-communist and post-war societies. Rule of law is a priority for these societies and it is very often prescribed as a membership criteria required by international organizations, such as the European Union. As such an aspiring country, Kosovo is faced with the challenge of building a legal system compatible with that of the European Union member states, but also of developing legal cooperation with other countries. This paper will analyze the process of Europeanisation of the legal system of Kosovo and presents a dynamic impact of the European Institutions and Missions in Kosovo which were introduced and operate despite the fact that Kosovo officially is not recognized by EU institutions and all EU member states. As such, the paper will focus on analyzing the legal treatment and sui generis relations between EU and Kosovo, especially during the UNMIK time, with EULEX mission, of the unique singing modalities and content of SAA, Office of Specialist Chambers of Prosecutors and Judges and including the recommendations for legal cooperation in certain circumstances during the fulfillment of the above mentioned obligations and integration process. The main question addressed in this article is how the EU has influenced the rule of law in Kosovo. In doing so the paper will observe the results of that influence that are sui genres as well as how the EU-Kosovo cooperation has helped keeping the integration process and research strategies for the further cooperation going. This hypothesis will be tested by measuring the inclusion and application of the main European standards in cooperation with the third states. Additionally, comparative methods will be used in finding similarities and differences with other cases. Kosovo faces many challenges in international cooperation, not only with regard to those missions operating in Kosovo itself (such as EULEX, CE, EUO etc.), but also with EU as an organization, especially due to Kosovo’s lack of membership in EU. Another challenge faced is the cooperation with EU countries that have not yet recognized Kosovo as a state. This paper emphasizes the efforts of Kosovo’s institutions beyond regular means, in order to conduct EU-Kosovo cooperation as one of the prerequisites for building the democracy based on rule of law. The main issues tackled in this paper are how these problems are addressed in practice, which are the obstacles arising, what are the ad hoc means of conducting such cooperation and what are the specificities and perspectives of EU-Kosovo cooperation. As such the paper aims at breaking down some of the legal peculiarities and uncertainties that have been created throughout the years as result of limitations to the international personality, aimed at ensuring that there is a cooperation with EU and non-recognizer countries through other ‘innovative’ means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues that education is relevant for both domestic and international reasons and without an incorporation of the international within the national it is not possible to understand education's changes and transformations in post-conflict and conflict-affected contexts. The paper aims to connect the local to the global by investigating their dynamic interaction through the peculiar lenses of international assistance to education reform in post-conflict Kosovo. It asks two questions: (1) how do global agendas of peace and security affect education reforms in conflict-affected contexts? and (2) how does education reform in conflict-affected contexts interacts with and is related to broader, international dynamics, processes, and actors? More specifically, the paper analyses the role of international actors in traditionally national sectors and the multi-layered, hybrid governance of education reform within a broader statebuilding, peacebuilding, and stabilization perspective. The analysis is divided into two empirical instances: (i) education for liberal multicultural peace (1999–2013) and (ii) education against violent extremism and radicalization (2014–2019). The paper sheds light on the globalization and securitization of education as well as the changing forms and practice of statehood and sovereignty in times of post-war-reconstruction and fragility. A threat-containment and security-based logic has dictated priorities and determined choices in education reform and content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The researcher's goal is to investigate how organizational characteristics affect the process of making ethical decisions. Methods. The study's focus was on certified accountants working in Kosovo during the Covid19 era. The task is qualitative in nature; SPPS is used to process the data after Excel has done so. This study used descriptive and regression analysis. Results. The study demonstrated that organizational criteria like size, industry, the presence of an ethics code, and ethical climate have an impact on how decisions are made. To identify organizational elements and, as a result, improve the ethical decision-making process, the paper's findings may have policy implications. Conclusions. This study provided insight into how to increase the influence of organizational elements in ethical decision-making, particularly in the accounting field. A sound foundation for an ethical decision-making process that is sustainable is provided by the recommendations at the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper addresses issues related to the economic growth and developments of economic activities during the Covid-19 crisis in Kosovo. Design/Methodology/Approach: Official data from local and international institutions were used to conduct this study. This article provides a theoretical overview of economic growth and developments of economic activities during the Covid-19 crisis in Kosovo. For the finalization of this paper, the presented material has support including scientific literature, as well as reports and publications from the Central Bank of Kosovo, the Statistics Agency of Kosovo. In order to achieve the objectives, the analysis method is mainly used, tabular and graphic separately, comparative method, analyzing in dynamics the issue related to economic activities in the Republic of Kosovo. Findings: In the framework of the work and analysis we have done regarding economic growth and developments of economic activities during the Covid-19 crisis in Kosovo, the results showed that the Covid-19 pandemic has had several effects on economic processes, affecting the activity of various sectors of the economy in Kosovo. Practical Implications: Through this study, the results and recommendations given are considered to be considered by policy makers in the Republic of Kosovo. Originality/value: In order to achieve the main objective of this article, different sources of data were used as well as the method of analysis, comparative method, econometric analysis which is presented through correlative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political speeches play a vital role in the communication strategies of political leaders, enabling them to express their ideas, mobilize support, and persuade the public. Within this context, the effective use of rhetorical devices assumes paramount importance in conveying messages. This paper aimed to investigate the role of antithesis as a potent linguistic tool of persuasion in political speeches, specifically within the context of Kosovo. The paper sought to examine the prevalence and patterns of antithesis in political speeches delivered by Kosovo politicians, analyze its rhetorical effectiveness in shaping public opinion and influencing political discourse, explore sociopolitical and cultural factors that influence its usage, and assess its impact on audience perception and receptiveness to political messages. The paper employed methodologies such as corpus analysis, rhetorical analysis, and sociopolitical analysis, to achieve its objectives. The expected contributions of this paper lie in advancing our understanding of political rhetoric in Kosovo, highlighting the significance of antithesis as a persuasive linguistic tool, and enriching the knowledge base in the field of political communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the reconstruction of Albanian identity in Kosovo after the region's transformation to state independence in 2008. The cultural environment emerged as a site of ethnic appropriation and contestation in the longstanding interethnic struggles between the Albanians and the Serbs. The study examines the socio-symbolic and linguistic manifestations of national identity in Pristina, the capital city of Kosovo, through the lens of Linguistic Landscape Studies. The first aspect of the study investigates M. Theresa Boulevard, the central promenade of the city and a site of memory and commemoration, to highlight how the period of South Slavic hegemony in Kosovo and the recent interethnic war resulted in a redefinition of Albanian identity. The second aspect of the study focuses on the written manifestation of the Gheg variety of Albanian as a symbol of Kosovo's independence. Through this dual focus on memory and language, the study aims to arrive at an understanding of how new national and political self-identifications are shaped in contexts that have undergone ethno-political conflicts and socio-political shifts. We argue that the symbolic configuration of Kosovo suggests a redefinition of Kosovo-based Albanian identity following the transformation to state independence. The study contributes to an understanding of the multi-layered redefinition of Albanian identity in Kosovo, calling attention to language and memory in the process of constructing national identities in postwar contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper aims to elaborate and analyse the legal context of the identity policy of the international community in post-war Kosovo. Through this policy, the nature of Kosovo was determined as an entity under the UN administration until 2008 and as an independent state after that. Given that NATO's military intervention in Kosovo was initiated for humanitarian reasons and, therefore, was not an intervention aimed at resolving the historical conflict between Serbs and Albanians, the UN administration in Kosovo was also established by being neutral towards national interpretations on the "issue of Kosovo". This paper will bring together arguments that the international community, in its approach to the people of Kosovo, has actively tried to establish a new political entity detached from any national projections, thereby preventing it from being perceived as a national victory, especially among the Albanian majority. For this reason, all laws, regulations, governing documents and policies of the UN mission, which delineated Kosovo's political nature and way of governing, were based on the 'principle of multi-ethnicity'. This paper also examines the negotiation process for determining Kosovo's final status, through which independence was conditioned by the commitment to building a state based on the principle of multiethnicity. Methods: In this article, qualitative methods have been used since the focus of this paper has been the understanding of some of the concepts of the legal framework used in the process of state building of Kosovo after the war and the role that the international community played in the policies of identity. The authors try to connect the theoretical with the practical aspects to present a broader view of the topic of this article. This scientific article is a single case study research focusing on the state of Kosovo in the post-war period. Data analyses were collected from the official documents of international institutions and the state of Kosovo. The historical method content analysis of the legal documents used in this paper has helped to achieve a deeper understanding of the topic presented in this paper. Results and Conclusions: The authors' findings indicate that in post-war Kosovo, the international community in post-war Kosovo has established a neutral political entity in terms of national identification. This has been achieved through a legal and constitutional framework that prioritises identity by promoting multi-ethnicity and civic identity as the political identity of the people of Kosovo. This discrepancy between state and national identity has given rise to an identity crisis, especially among the Albanian majority population. This has resulted in religious radicalisation in part of the population and a lack of loyalty to the state in other parts of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Kosovo, ethnic identity played a central role in sustaining interethnic conflict until the current decade. Despite the efforts of the international community to reconcile the parties and mediate the political dialogue with Serbia, mistrust between ethnicities has been sustained by a history of tensed relations, identity politics, but also, to a significant extent, through the media and after the digitalization of communication - through social media. The paper problematizes on the role that mass media and social media have played in the ethnicization of conflicts and manifestation of ethnic hate speech, arguing that while the former has been subject to regulation and professionalization, the latter remain to a significant extent spaces that support the continuation of conflict and even the mobilization of groups. In describing the framework of interethnic relations in Kosovo, the history of interethnic relations and the dynamics of post-war events are briefly presented. Subsequently, through the case study and the method of documentary analysis, the paper addresses the role played by the media in amplifying conflicts in the case of the events of March 2004 and the more recent contributions of social networks in the unhindered promotion of ethnic hatred in the case of a political subject - the import of Serbian products into Kosovo. Finally, an argument is built in favour of the need for a more proactive approach of international organizations and local institutions in Kosovo in combating ethnic hate speech promoted via social networks, which can increase tensions in the fragile security environment of the Western Balkans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper in the comprehensive aspect is of a combined character, which includes the summary and research features of the research topic, providing sufficient knowledge for the employment relationship and rights from this field in Kosovo. The paper initially contains historical aspects of the development of law and labour relations in Kosovo. In addition to this, it further contains important comparative aspects, offering the possibility of dealing with labour disputes, as well as to analyse the advantages and difficulties offered by the legal framework in dealing with this issue. The paper presents the role of responsible institutions, including the court, respectively, the trend of judicial practice for conflicts arising from labour relations. On the other hand, it also includes statistical data based on the annual work reports of the competent institutions that inspect the respect of the rights derived from the employment relationship. In order to secure the data, the comparative method of interweaving the main legal sources that determine the field of competence of the competent institutions was used. The second method is the research method through interviews conducted with officials in charge of state institutions whose duty is to protect the rights of this category. In order to provide numerical data, a statistical method was used, through which the number of complaints received by the Independent Supervisory Council for the Civil Service of Kosovo was presented, and on the other hand, the total number of employees without labour contracts in the inspected institutions by the Labour Inspectorate was presented in three last years. Based on the interviews conducted with judges, it is emphasized that regarding the nature of the disputes that are presented the most are: requests for the annulment of the employer's decisions which, as a result, have caused the termination of the labour contracts, complaints for returning to the workplace with all the rights guaranteed by law as well as requests for the cancellation of competitions. The data indicate that during these last three years, the year 2021 has been the year with the most complaints registered by the Independent Supervisory Council [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between job satisfaction, organizational commitment and gender in Kosovo employment institutions. Despite the positive efforts to change the legislation, in order to increase women's participation in the labor market, Kosovo still remains the country with the lowest participation of women in the labor market, comparing to the other countries in the region. The study of job satisfaction and organizational commitment helps to understand the dynamics that generate the continuation of women at work and encourage many others to be included in the labor market. This paper uses the cultural heritage approach to understand the phenomenon. The methodology used to gather the data was quantitative one. A questionnaire was distributed to 338 employees of 11 employment institutions in Kosovo. The data revealed that more females than males show high level of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the institutions where they work. This confirms the 'the paradox of the contented female worker', as explained by Clark (1997). The study also shows that there exists also a positive correlation between job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees, both females and males, in the employment institutions involved in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The whole educational system from pre-university to university level has been challenged with the immediate pressure to transform during the lockdown period of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The question of how to ensure digital transformation in universities become topical at policy, institutional, and classroom practice dimensions. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to examine and explore how digital transformation in higher education in Kosovo is conceptualised in a changing context. The study focuses on teacher education as a pathway that links pre-university education with higher education system to ensure future teacher preparation. METHODS: The study used a qualitative research design. The data were collected through interviews with management staff (n = 3) and teacher educators (n = 7), and group interviews with student teachers (n = 15), at the University in Kosovo and teacher education institution. Following the principles of the hermeneutical circle, conceptualisations of digital transformation in teacher education were clustered into the following dimensions: (i) policy, (ii) organisation culture and management, and (iii) teaching and learning. RESULTS: The paper analyses the Western Balkans, specifically Kosovo, as the country faced the transition challenges including institutional building, limited administrative capabilities, and other challenges regarding educational process and digitalization. The paper contributes to the discussions with the emerging conceptualisations of digital transformation in teacher education by drawing from thematic areas concerning policy response mechanisms, teacher education policy as isolated from higher education framework, change management process, missing organisational culture, rigidity and resistance in teaching. CONCLUSIONS: The paper concludes that teacher education context should be reconceptualised within the higher education framework to better manage a transition and change settings for a shared conceptualisation and sustainable digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By making a comparative analysis of organizations that differ in the way they adopt, apply, and evaluate quality management systems processes, this study also aims to determine the impact of perception. Quality products are an important prerequisite for the success of manufacturing organizations since the quality of the product directly affects the perceived value of consumers, their satisfaction, and loyalty, therefore improving the quality is imperative for the management and owners of the organizations. The first step to this end is to define the concept of quality, which has long been a subject of much controversy. The application of quality management systems and the application of a strategy of continuous improvement during the development and production of products enable the satisfaction of customer needs and give organizations a competitive advantage in the market. This paper shows the main settings of quality management in a manufacturing organization through the context of the organization, and the connection of the quality management system with the strategy and goals of the organization. In the framework of the trends for quality improvement, the groups assigned to the establishment and advancement of quality management systems try to create maximum effectiveness of the systems in function of the respective interest groups and the quality-cost relationship of the quality and the relevant systems in these organizations and how they affect the advancement or not of these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, digitalization has become increasingly important in all areas of life, including education. This paper presents the implementation of a web-based system for grading and course management that aims to help teachers and students in Kosovo manage courses and assessments more efficiently. The system features a test evaluation module that allows teachers to create and manage tests and enables students to take tests on their desktop or mobile devices, providing detailed feedback on their performance. Furthermore, schools need to adopt digital solutions to provide students with easy and convenient access to educational resources. One of the key features of our system is a module that allows students to access books with an easy-to-use interface for navigating between chapters. Overall, the system aims to simplify grading and course management for teachers, while improving efficiency and effectiveness, resulting in better learning outcomes for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the title shows, this paper tries to answer the question of whether the reasons which are used for deviating from formal constitutional changes can also be related to ethnicity issues. Through a norm of a general constitutional nature, Kosovo has, through the constitution, included nonmajority communities in the process of amending the constitution, as a necessary element for creating the needed majority in order to go through with the amendment. This standard has led to several processes of amending the constitution having failed. The constitutional quasi-amendment, from what has been so far treated in constitutional theory and practice, has been seen as an opportunity to avoid formal constitutional changes for several different reasons. The authors who have dealt with the quasi-amendment distinguish some of the main reasons: the lack of political power to achieve the necessary majority for constitutional changes, the long procedural path of a constitutional amendment, especially in federal states, etc. The paper aims at bringing a study for a new reality, which highlights a new reason for using the constitutional quasi-amendment that has to do with countries where minority communities are involved in the process of constitutional changes. More specifically, this paper identifies the important role that the quasi-amendment plays in important changes of the constitutional structure, in cases where formal changes are blocked as a result of ethnic differences and disagreements. The constitutional quasi-amendment as treated by this paper has also found application in Kosovo, conditioned by the lack of a majority in the parliament for constitutional changes, circumstances which are conditioned by the ethnic factor that makes the procedures for changing the Kosovar constitution rigid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This applied psychoanalytic paper explores the phenomenon of murder‐suicide in post‐Katrina New Orleans, focusing on the case of Zack Bowen and Addie Hall. The aftermath of natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina often leads to increased mental health issues, including violence and suicide. The author, who lived and practiced psychiatry in the New Orleans French Quarter (FQ), was involved in a documentary about the couple, providing a unique perspective on their tragic story. Zack Bowen, a veteran of Iraq and Kosovo with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and Addie Hall, an artist with a history of abuse, were star‐crossed lovers in the post‐apocalyptic FQ. In the immediate aftermath of the storm, with the higher socioeconomic population evacuated, the city experienced lawlessness, but also a bond between subcultural groups seeking anarchy, freedom, escapism, and avoidance of past troubles. Drawing from excerpts of the documentary and material from a book about the couple entitled Shake the Devil Off, this paper utilizes an object relational framework to understand the multidetermined causes of the murder‐suicide. It highlights how disasters can bring individuals together in desperate situations, destabilize social connections, and exacerbate avoidant defenses through increased substance abuse. Furthermore, it reveals how such traumatic events can reopen past wounds, including PTSD and experiences of abuse, creating a mental health crisis that extends far beyond the initial impact of the storm. It also underscores the significance of interpersonal containment of toxic projections in the aftermath of a disaster, particularly for individuals with intrapsychic vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the factors influencing Kosovo's economic growth from 2009 to 2022, specifically investigating the relationship between export, capital formation, consumption, and economic growth using co-integration analysis and the Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR). The findings indicate that exports of goods and services, as well as household consumption, negatively affect economic growth. Conversely, gross capital formation positively impacts economic growth. The study underscores the complexity of economic growth, highlighting the varied significance of different determinants in different contexts. Key findings reveal that while export and gross capital formation are significant contributors to economic growth, household consumption shows an insignificant relationship to GDP. This research contributes to the ongoing debate on the critical factors influencing economic growth, providing empirical evidence from the context of Kosovo and enhancing our understanding of these dynamics, thus offering new insights for policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper, through the lyrics of the song, presents the representation of gender roles and stereotypes in Kosovar society. On the other hand, this study aims to shed light on music and the opportunities it ofers for the transmission of social values that help in overcoming gender stereotypes in the cultural context of Kosovo. The importance of this study is undeniable because this study was done at a time when discussions about gender equality were at the center of attention. Therefore, the study of gender issues, not only through music but also from other perspectives, is of great importance because it afects social transformation regarding equality, as a requirement for developing a real democratic society. To realize this research, the text (content) analysis method was used, through the ethnographic research approach. Through this method, the lyrics of certain songs have been analyzed to discover how they carry or challenge gender stereotypes in our society. For analysis, we have chosen some of the most popular songs. In the analysis results, we have identifed gender stereotypes expressed with a special emphasis. This includes the praise of the man as the head of the house and the one who takes care of all, including some texts that praise the son as the honor and pride of the family. On the other hand, some songs describe the man in a derogatory way, calling him stupid, owl, and using other negative insulting terms. In particular, current modern music such as rap and hip-hop, especially, tends to go even further in creating gender stereotypes, belittling women with diferent terms such as fraudsters, traitors, whores, etc. The results obtained from this research will serve as a basis for discussions on the improvement of the gender image in the media that ofer songs, especially in the lyrics of the songs to promote positive changes in Kosovar society related to gender roles and stereotypes, as well as help to raise awareness of to the general public about the role of songs in creating and cultivating a culture in favor of improving gender equality. At this point, we recommend a deeper awareness in Kosovar society about the impact of these texts on the formation of gender perceptions. Also, artists and music creators are invited to be proactive in changing this reality, to create music that refects a more equal perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the realization of the work, we encountered obstacles and a lack of literature, both in the theoretical and empirical aspects. Also, during the review of the literature, we also encountered a lack of local research in terms of addressing these problems by researchers of different profiles, which belong to the topic that will be analyzed in this study. The purpose of the paper is to review and analyze the empirical literature related to the impact of financial statements on management decision-making, but empirical research in this field of study is relatively few, so in general empirical research is lacking, which makes it more difficult further expanding the research in this paper. The aim was to evaluate the relevance of accounting practice with accounting rules based on the theoretical framework based on the review of empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]