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Seven of these ten papers are concerned with library research in specific countries; the remaining three deal with library planning and ethics in research. Titles are "The Library as a Cultural Institution," by Jadwiga Kolodziejska, Poland; "The International Seminar 'Book and Library in Society' of the Polish Book and Readers Institute and the IFLA Section of Library Theory and Research: A Presentation of the Problems and Results of Contemporary User and Reader Research," by Diann D. Rusch, West Germany; "The State of Library Research in Japan," by Tamiko Matsumura; "The Planning and Co-ordination of Library Research in the UK," by Patricia Layzell Ward, England; "The Coordination of Library Research in the German Democratic Republic," by Helmut Kubitschek, East Germany; "The Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg and the Beginnings of a German National Library," by Ursula Mende, West Germany; "Library Research in the Federal Republic of Germany," by Hans-Albrecht Koch, West Germany; "Library Planning and Centralized Library Services in the Federal Republic of Germany," by Dieter Oertel, West Germany; "Organization and Coordination of Research in the Field of Library Science," by V. D. Stelmakh, USSR; and "The Need for a Professional Code of Ethics in Research," by Michel Albaric, France. (RBF)

Eight perspectives on higher education are provided in essays based on papers presented at a 1982 seminar. The historical perspective is provided by Harold Perkin with attention to turning points in higher education in Europe, Japan, and the United States. Maurice Kogan considers the political view and specifically intrainstitutional issues, the college and the state, and national politics of higher education, with the United Kingdom as illustration. Gareth Williams considers the economic approach, including the rise and fall of human capital theory, educational finance, policy, and change. Burton R. Clark provides an organizational view on the various memberships of academics (e.g., discipline, college); coordination of disciplines and enterprises at state, regional, and national levels; and change. Martin A. Trow considers stratification of higher education and trends in government-university relations in Australia. The cultural view is provided by Tony Becher, with attention to institutions, roles and functions, and intellectual arenas. Cultural analysis of higher education is assessed. Simon Schwartzman focuses on historical developments in scientific research and higher education, policy implications, and science in Latin America. Ladislav Cerych provides a policy perspective and compares case studies of specific reforms in Europe. An introduction and conclusion are provided by Burton R. Clark. A list of conference participants and an index are provided. (SW)

Papers on social science libraries presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Efforts at Computerization in Nigerian Libraries--A State of Development Review" (A. Olugboyega Banjo, Nigeria); (2) "The Information Activities of the National Library of Economics in the Federal Republic of Germany--Transition from Traditional Library Services to Computer-Based Information Systems" (Ekkehart Seusing, West Germany); (3) "Library Automation Activities at Helsinki School of Economics Library and in Finland" (Kyllikki Ruokonen, Finland); (4) "The Impact of Optical Disc Publishing on the Information Community (CD-ROM: Compact Disc--Read Only Memory)" (W. Bartenbach, United States); (5) "Databases Created by Japanese Economists" (Yoshiro Matsuda, Japan); and (6) "The Role of the Libraries for the Assistance of Research in the Field of Social Sciences" (A. Kasyanenko, USSR). (KM)

Four papers on geography and map libraries were presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference. "Generation and Utilization of Maps and Atlases in Japan," by Takashi Morita of Japan, presents an overview of the making and uses of maps and atlases in Japan and concludes that a comprehensive national map cataloging system is needed as well as a nationwide map library or museum. Related statistics are presented in graphic format. In "Report on the Library of Congress and Other Federal Agencies' Optical Disc Development for Cartography," Ralph E. Ehrenberg (United States) presents a status report on the Library of Congress Optical Disc Pilot Program and the development of optical disk technology projects for cartographic materials at several official mapping organizations. "Map Libraries and Optical Disks" (Lorraine Dubreul, Canada) describes optical disk technology as well as applications at the National Library of Canada and the U.S. Library of Congress. Finally, "Digital Maps and Map Libraries" (Sarah Tyacke, United Kingdom) considers the issues involved in establishing a series of national geographic/cartographic databases, including monitoring database production, new forms of storage and information retrieval systems for archiving, legal deposit and copyright laws, the organization of an archive at the national level, and the necessity for setting up a consultative body. (KM)

Papers on school libraries which were presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "School Libraries: Bridges or Barriers?" (Gwen Gawith, New Zealand); (2) "The Guidance on Reading and Information Skills in School Libraries--Japan's Case" (Ikuko Koyama, Japan); (3) "Present Status and Problems of School Libraries in Japan--In Order to Achieve Educational Excellence" (Yoshiro Kasahara, Japan); (4) "From CHIFLA to Section of Children's Libraries--Past, Present, and Future of IFLA's Section of Children's Libraries" (Lena Skoglund, Sweden); (5) "Education and Training of Librarians in Children's Librarianship" (Lena Skoglund, Sweden); (6) "The Objectives of Children's Libraries in Scandinavia Based on the Situation in Denmark" (Eva Glistrup, Denmark); (7) "Opening a Big Window for Each Child: A Report on the Bunko--Children's Library Movement by Local Volunteers" (Ikuko Suyehiro, Japan); and (8) "Children's Libraries in Japan--Progress and Problems" (Yasuko Nakata, Japan). A script for a slide presentation, "How a Typical Canadian Elementary School Library Is Run in a Busy Metropolitan Area," by Anne M. Galler of Canada, is also included. (KM)

Four papers on biological and medical sciences libraries were presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference. "Activities and Services of Medical Libraries in Japan--Past, Present, and Future" (Kazuo Urata and Toshinobu Suga, Japan) discusses the inauguration of the Japan Medical Library Association (JMLA), the present situation of Japanese medical libraries, bibliographic control of medical literature, international cooperation, and future themes. In "The Status and Development of Biomedical Libraries in China," Daxun He of China traces the history of medical libraries in China, presents statistics on the current state of Chinese medical libraries, and discusses the provision of information services. In "Current Developments in Medical Bibliography in Australia," Sandra Henderson of Australia describes major projects of the National Library of Australia and the Australian Department of Health that have increased the scope and availability of bibliographic resources in that country. Finally, "Union Lists of Serials" (Erika Love, United States), a syllabus prepared for an IFLA Section of Biological and Medical Sciences Libraries workshop, describes the purpose, uses, and benefits of union lists of serials, and provides an introduction to the basics of union list planning and project implementation. An appendix includes a glossary of technical terms; a bibliography of articles, guidelines and standards, and related readings; and sample forms. (KM)

Papers on art libraries presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "The Change of Illustrated Story Books in the Edo Period (1660-1880)" (Yaeko Kimura, Japan); (2) "History of Posters in Japan and the Present States of Their Documentation" (Itsuo Okubo, Japan); (3) "Solutions to Processing East Asian Language Materials in a Canadian Library" (Melva J. Dwyer, Canada); (4) "History of Western Sources on Japanese Art--A Bibliographic Essay" (Nancy S. Allen, United States); (5) "Art Information Networks in Asia and the Pacific" (Sue Boaden, Australia); and (6) "Traditional Methods of Work with Literature on Art in the All-Union State Library of Foreign Literature (A. M. Semicheva, USSR). (KM)

Papers on science and technology libraries which were presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Online Information Service of the Japan Information Center of Science and Technology" (Ryuko Igarashi, Japan); (2) "A View from the Chip--The Influence of Information Technologies on Libraries and Librarianship" (Pat Molholt, United States); (3) "Adumbrations on the Information Support Centre" (Allan Horton, Australia); (4) "The Influence of Information Technologies on Libraries and Librarianship--Ideas from Another Point of View" (Dieter Schmidmaier, East Germany); (5) "Cooperation between Representatives of Different Occupational Groups in Construction and Equipping of Technical Libraries in the 21st Century" (Dieter Schmidmaier, East Germany); (6) "The United Nations University Proposal for an Archive of Traditional Knowledge--Implications for Scientific Communities" (Walter Shearer, United Nations University, Japan); (7) "A Developing Country Response to Pat Molholt's 'A View from the Chip--The Influence of Information Technologies on Libraries and Librarianship'" (Syed Salim Agha, Malaysia); and (8) "Project Emperor-I: China's Treasure Revealed via Videodisc Technology" (Ching-chih Chen and Robert D. Stueart, United States). (KM)

Four papers on administrative libraries were presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference. "Special Libraries and Their Activities in Japan" (Masaya Takayama, Japan) discusses statistical investigation into the conditions of Japanese special libraries, information needs and uses, the present situation and problems in providing services, and the future image of special libraries in Japan. In "Libraries in Peru--Their Approaches to Service, Automation, and Information Retrieval" (Bruce D. Bonta, United States) examines the conditions of librarianship in Peru in terms of library collections, use, and services; automation developments; and information retrieval. "The Present Situation regarding Administrative Libraries in Japan and Their Future--How To Promote Their Development as We Move to the 21st Century" (Yoshifusa Wakabayashi, Japan) discusses information circumstances surrounding administrative libraries, the uniqueness of Japan's governmental libraries network, the necessity of organizational reform, the library as an information center and its personnel, a system for mutual utilization by government agencies, and bibliographic information control. Finally, "Administrative Libraries in India--Scenario by the End of the 20th Century (O. S. Sachdeva and M. K. Jain, India) examines the current services provided by administrative libraries in India and future plans for the development of a computerized bibliographic network. (KM)

Papers on statistics which were presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Library Data Collection in Brazil (Nice Menezes de Figueiredo, Brazil); (2) "Fact-Finding on Statistics and Reference Tools in Japan" (Yuriko Sugimoto, Chihomi Oka, Ikuko Mayumi, and Keiko Kurata, Japan); (3) "Public Library Statistics in Libya" (Abubaker M. El-Hush, Libya); (4) "Preparing Librarians for the 21st Century--Study Abroad" (Maxine K. Rochester, Australia); and (5) "Library Statistics and Institutional Decision-Making" (Glyn T. Evans, United States). (KM)

Papers presented at a session on management of library associations at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Medical Library Association: Organizational Change 1898 to Present--Illustrations from Continuing Education" (Raymond A. Palmer and M. Kent Mayfield, United States); (2) "The Why and How of CONSAL (Congress of Southeast Asian Librarians) as a Regional Library Association" (Hedwig Anuar, Singapore); (3) "Professional Associations Publishing--Information Transfer or Profit?" (Maija Berndtson, Finland); (4) "Why Another Association?--A Case for AMLA (African Medical Library Association)" (Solomon O. Oyesola, Nigeria); and (5) "Management of Corporate Libraries" (Tetsuo Senoo, Japan). (KM)

Papers on libraries for disadvantaged people presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "The Hearing Impaired Persons and Libraries--The Status Quo in Japan" (Shuuichi Matsunobu, Japan); (2) "A Production System of Captioned Video Tapes Using Japanese Word Processors" (Satoshi Nishikawa, Japan); (3) "Hospital Libraries in Poland" (Franciszek Czajkowski, Poland); (4) "On Bibliotherapy" (Masamoto Higuchi, Japan); (5) "The Information Needs of Inmates and the Prison Library" (Stephen M. Mallinger, United States); and (6) "How to Publish Easy Reader Books--A Model" (Beata Lundstrom and Elsie Bellander, Sweden). (KM)

Four papers on university libraries and other general research libraries were presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference. "Activities of the National Centers for Overseas Periodicals" (Keinosuke Imamura, Japan) describes the functions of the eight Japanese university libraries designated as National Centers and their role in the Japanese science information system. In "Japanese University Libraries in a National Network," Tamiko Matsumura of Japan discusses interlibrary cooperation, the provision of photocopy service in interlending, the provision of reading service to external users, and the government's role and the science information system. Statistics on university libraries are presented in six tables. "Union List of Periodicals (ULP) Database and Science Information System (SIS) for the Academic Researchers of Japan" (Masamitsu Negishi, Japan) considers the ULP as a function of the SIS, problem areas in library automation, periodicals systems and the ULP, and system use fees. The text is supplemented with two figures. Finally, in "Scientific Journals and Electronic Publishing," Ulrich Wattenberg of Japan briefly considers the future of electronically distributed scientific journals. (KM)

Papers on public libraries presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Developing Children's Libraries in Shanghai" (Che Jiuzhi, China); (2) "The Development of Public Librarianship in China" (Cheng Fuchen, China); (3) "The Development of Public Libraries in Japan" (Mamoru Nogami, Japan); (4) "Charging for Public Library Services" (J. C. Beard, United Kingdom); (5) "Statistic Analysis as a Form of Management of Librarianship" (E. V. Eenmaa, USSR); (6) "Development of Public Libraries in Tokyo" (Takasi Itoh, Japan); (7) "Public Library Statistics in the United States--Current Practices and Trends" (Ernest A. DiMattia, Jr., United States); and (8) "The Dynamics of Growing Public Libraries in Taiwan Area" (Christina K. C. Chen, Taiwan, and Margaret C. Fung, United States). (KM)

Papers on classification and indexing presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Profile on Chinese Cataloguing and Subject Cataloguing" (Yan Lizhong, China); (2) "The Trend of Classification in Japan" (Hiroshi Ishiyama, Japan); (3) "Classification in Online Systems--Research and Progress" (Nancy J. Williamson, Canada); (4) "New State Standard of the USSR: 'Systematization of Documents--General Requirements'" (E. R. Sukiasjan, USSR); and (5) "UDC (Universal Decimal Classification)--BS 1000 International Medium Edition in Book and Machine-Readable Form" (Tor Henriksen, Norway). (KM)

Papers on parliamentary libraries presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Library Support for Parliamentary Committees" (Peter Dawe, Switzerland), which considers the needs of parliamentary committees in terms of library materials and services; (2) "The National Assembly Library (NAL) of the Republic of Korea--An Overview" (Joobong Kim, Korea), which discusses the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea, the NAL, and some problems currently confronting the NAL; (3) "Information Service in the Parliament of India" (Subhash Kashyap, India), which describes the history and organization of India's Library and Reference, Research, Documentation and Information Service (LARRDIS); and (4) "Foreign Information and Parliamentary Research in Japan--Current Reality and Future Expectations" (Satoshi Kurokawa, Japan), which discusses the acquisition and utilization of information about external affairs in Japan, with emphasis on the activities of the Research and Legislative Reference Bureau. (KM)

Papers on acquisitions and exchange presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) a condensed English version and the full German text of the presentation, "Document Exchange and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Council)--The Acquisition of Grey and Special Literature as a Central Function of Supra-Regional Literature Provision in the Federal Republic of Germany" (Joachim-Felix Leonhard, West Germany); (2) "The International Exchange of Publications in Japan" (Akio Sakai, Japan); (3) the condensed English version and the full German text of the presentation, "Acquisition and Exchange of Far Eastern Materials in the Federal Republic of Germany--Experiences of the Far Eastern Department of the State Library of Prussian Cultural Foundation" (Helga Dressler, West Germany); (4) "Another 'Tyranny of Distance'--Acquisitions of Japonica in the National Diet Library" (Shozo Nakano, Japan); (5) "Observations on Doing Business as a Subscription Agent in Japan, Europe, and the Americas" (Adrian Swets, Netherlands); and (6) "On the Preparation of International Bibliography--'International Exchange of Publications'" (Z. P. Sorokina, USSR). (KM)

Papers on cataloging which were presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Cataloging of Government Documents in the Age of Automation" (Chong Y. Yoon, United States), which discusses the use of MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) formats to integrate government documents into the traditional library catalog and thereby provide better access for users; (2) "Bilingual Automated Cataloguing in Belgium" (Josiane F. D. Roelants, Belgium), which summarizes the bilingual automated cataloging process at the Royal Library Albert I of Belgium; (3) "No-Main-Entry Principle in the Cataloging Rules--The Historical Background of the Nippon Cataloging Rules (NCR)" (Tadayoshi Takawashi, Tsutomu Shihota, and Zensei Oshiro, Japan), which traces the historical development of the no-main-entry principle in Japan, describes how it came to be adopted in NCR1977, and estimates its value in the age of the computer catalog; and (4) "Harmonization of the ISBDs (International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions)" (Ross Bourne, United Kingdom, and Lucia Rather, United States), which discusses the review and modification of the ISBDs that was initiated in 1980. (KM)

Papers on library history and library theory and research presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "The History of Western Literature Library Collections in Japan" (Yoshitomi Okazaki, Japan); (2) "Trends of Library History Research in Japan" (Hiroshi Kawai, Yukio Fujino, Atsushi Ishii, and Yoshitaka Kawasaki, Japan); (3) "Impact of the Information Society on the Library" (Yoneji Masuda, Japan); (4) "The Impact of Information Society on Libraries in Japan--Its Emblematic Appearance" (Nobutaka Sakurai, Japan); (5) "Libraries for Scientific Research in China" (Peng Feizhang, China); (6) "Strategic Planning for Information in the Research University--A Report on a Project and Its Implications for Library Education" (Robert M. Hayes, United States); (7) "Library Science in the 21st Century" (Tomoo Matsuda, Japan); (8) "The Tri-Dimensional Nature of Information Work" (Rosario Gassol de Horowitz, Venezuela); and (9) "Research in Library and Information Science in India" (P. B. Mangla). (KM)

Papers on serial publications presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Scenario for Microcomputer-Based Serials Cataloging from ISDS (International Serials Data System) Records--New Horizons for Serial Librarianship in the Developing Countries by the Availability of Adequate Hardware, Software, and Dataware" (Peter Jacso, Hungary), which presents a scenario for implementing a microcomputer-based online serials catalog in Roman script using Unesco's MICRO-ISIS software, and discusses the four implementation components of hardware, software, dataware, and the knowledge to design and implement computerized library systems; (2) "Electronic Publishing in Japan--The Role of Libraries in the Electronic Information System" (Hiroyuki Taya, Japan), which discusses the growth of channels for information access, the acquisition and processing of electronic publications, the storage of primary literature in machine-readable form, electronic publishing by libraries, and library management; and (3) "Planning for Serials Automation" (Ross Bourne, United Kingdom), which considers the advantages and disadvantages of serials automation as they relate to the nature of serials, the institution and its users, and the automation process. (KM)

This document comprises two papers on official publications which were presented at the 1986 IFLA general conference. In "Japanese Official Publications," Yoshitaro Tanabe (Japan) discusses several aspects of official publications in Japan, including problems encountered by the Printing Bureau in printing, publishing and distribution, legal deposit, acquisition by domestic libraries, and bibliographies and databases. Appendices include government of Japan organization charts, extracts from the National Diet Library (NDL) law, and listings of the NDL supply of official publications on exchange in 1985 and bibliographies of Japanese official publications. In "Publishing in Japan--Its Past, Present, and Future," Shigeo Minowa (Japan) outlines the formation and development of the book trade in Japan in a historical perspective and describes the level of industrialization the trade has currently attained. In addition, the relationships between social modernization and the "publishing takeoff," and between the revolution of book marketing and the fall of book prices are examined, and the contributions of distributors and the future of publishing in Japan are discussed. Statistical information is appended. (KM)

Papers on interlibrary loan and document delivery presented at the 1986 IFLA general conference include: (1) "Preservation and/or Availability of Older Literature--an Approach to the Problems, Needs, and Solutions" (Klaus-Dieter Lehmann, West Germany); (2) "From Decentralization to Centralization--Document Delivery in France in 1986" (Marc Chauveinc, France); (3) "Staff for Interlibrary Loan Service" (Virginia Boucher, United States); (4) "Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery in Japan--an Overview" (Izumi Koide, Japan); and (5) "Subject Cataloging in Library Networks" (Rudolf Frankenberger, West Germany). (KM)

The Ljubljana seminar, whose background and working papers are presented in this volume, was an outcome of the United Nations' consideration of the problems of ethnic and linguistic minorities. The twenty-five papers cover topics such as the study of multinational societies; the protection of minorities and minority rights in Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Austria, the Soviet Union, India, Africa, Southeast Asia, Israel, Britain, and the Caribbean; cultural diversity; and immigrant problems. Chapters 1-3 are background papers, commissioned by the United Nations Secretariat in preparation for the seminar. Chapters 4-23 are working papers, contributed by the participants and presented in regional groups, starting with Central Europe and going on to include Asia, Africa, and North America. (Author/CLK)

Presented as part of a roundtable discussion by editors of library journals at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference, "Electronic Publishing," by Hirokazu Iwata of Japan, discusses Dai Nippon Printing's response to new media and electronic publishing. Various aspects of the computerized processing and communication of published material are considered, including the diminishing rate of growth of the publishing industry, the development of the Computerized Typesetting System, and current advances in technology. It is concluded that, as the technology of electronic publishing becomes increasingly sophisticated, it will probably become common practice for data services to convert large quantities of data input into printed material. (KM)

These proceedings contain the papers of the International Conference e-Learning 2016, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society, 1-3 July, 2016. This conference is part of the Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems 2016, 1-4 July. The e-Learning (EL) 2016 conference aims to address the main issues of concern within e-Learning. This conference covers both technical as well as the non-technical aspects of e-Learning. These proceedings contain keynote lecture, "Twenty-First Century Skills, Technology and Open Learning: Re-Designing Teaching for the Digital Age" (Tony Bates) [abstract only] and workshop, "Making Sustainable Online Learning a Reality Informed by the Community of Inquiry Framework" (Susi Peacock and Lindesay Irvine). Full papers in these proceedings include: (1) Determining Factors of Students' Perceived Usefulness of e-Learning in Higher Education (Aleksander Aristovnik, Damijana Keržic, Nina Tomaževic and Lan Umek); (2) EvalCOMIX®: A Web-Based Programme to Support Collaboration in Assessment (María Soledad Ibarra-Sáiz and Gregorio Rodríguez-Gómez); (3) A Holistic Approach to Scoring in Complex Mobile Learning Scenarios (Marcel Gebbe, Matthias Teine and Marc Beutner); (4) Content Development for 72,000 Learners: An Online Learning Environment for General Practitioners. A Case Study (Dirk Pilat); (5) First Stages of Adult Students' Relationship to Scientific Knowing and Research in the Open University's Web-Based Methodology Course (Leena Isosomppi and Minna Maunula); (6) A Quantitative Analysis of the Role of Social Networks in Educational Contexts (Azam Shokri and Georgios Dafoulas); (7) Care Management: On Line-Based Approaches to Nurse Education in Ultrasound Imaging (Elena Taina Avramescu, Mitrache Marius and Adrian Camen); (8) Can e-Learning Change Work Practices? (Signe Schack Noesgaard); (9) A Practice of Mobile Learning Bases on Cloud Computing (Heng Wu and Zhong Dong); (10) Guidelines for Conducting a Post-Graduate Module within a Blended Synchonous Learning Environment, Facilitator and Student Perspectives (Christopher Upfold); (11) IT Tools in Initial Teacher Training (Dorin Herlo); (12) Application of a Reference Framework for Integration of Web Resources in DOLTRN--Case Study of Physics--Topic: Waves (Fabinton Sotelo Gomez and Armando Ordóñez); (13) Creating Micro-Videos to Demonstrate Technology Learning (Mark Frydenberg and Diana Andone); (14) An Analysis of Students Enrolled to an Undergraduate University Course Offered Also Online (Nello Scarabottolo); (15) How Do We Know What is Happening Online: A Triangulated Approach to Data Analysis (Marina Charalampidi and Michael Hammond); (16) Analysis of 3D Modeling Software Usage Patterns for K-12 Students (Yi-Chieh Wu, Wen-Hung Liao, Ming-Te Chi and Tsai-Yen Li); and (17) A Distributed Intelligent e-Learning System (Terje Kristensen). Short papers in these proceedings include: (1) Using Cognitive Maps to Promote Self-Managed Learning in Online Communities of Inquiry (Susi Peacock and John Cowan); (2) Automation in Distance Learning: An Empirical Study of Unlearning and Academic Identity Change Linked to Automation of Student Messaging within Distance Learning (Hilary Collins, Hayley Glover, Fran Myers and Mor Watson); (3) Developing the 1st MOOC of University of Porto: Challenges and Strategies (Isabel Martins, Nuno Regadas and Margarida Amaral); (4) Informal Language Learning in Authentic Setting, Using Mobile Devices and SNS (Ruthi Aladjem and Bibiana Jou); (5) Enhancing Third-Year Medical Clerkships: Using Mobile Technology for Teaching and Learning (Janette R. Hill, Michelle A. Nuss, Ronald M. Cervero, Julie K. Gaines and Bruce Middendorf); (6) Statistical Measures of Integrity in Online Testing: Empirical Study (Tom Wielicki); (7) The Complexities of Digital Storytelling: Factors Affecting Performance, Production, and Project Completion (Peter Gobel and Makimi Kano); (8) Collegewide Promotion on e-Learning/Active Learning and Faculty Development (Nobuyuki Ogawa and Akira Shimizu); (9) Training Portuguese Teachers Using Blended Learning--A Different Approach (Bertil P. Marques and Paula Escudeiro); (10) Gamify and Recognize Prior Learning: How to Succeed in Educators' Further Professional Training with Open Badges (Esko Lius); (11) How Do K-12 Students' Manage Applications on Their Mobile Devices? (Ruthi Aladjem and Sharon Hardof); (12) Digital Storytelling for Inclusive Education: An Experience in Initial Teacher Training (Marco Lazzari); and (13) Learning Factory--Assembling Learning Content with a Framework (Peter Steininger). Reflection papers in these proceedings include: (1) Equalizing Educational Opportunities by ICT (Ana María Delgado García and Blanca Torrubia Chalmeta); (2) The Acceptability of MOOC Certificates in the Workplace (Christina Banks and Edward Meinert); (3) Orchestration of Social Modes in e-Learning (Armin Weinberger and Pantelis M. Papadopoulos); (4) Information Competencies and Their Implementation in the Educational Process of Polish Universities. Exploratory Studies (Anna Tonakiewicz-Kolosowska, Iwona Socik and Monika Gajewska); (5) Virtual & Real Face to Face Teaching (Romeo Teneqexhi and Loreta Kuneshka); and (6) Virtual Scaffolding--Constructivism in Online Learning (Lachlan MacKinnon and Liz Bacon). The following poster is included: Active Learning Methods in Programming for Non-IT Students (Olga Mironova, Irina Amitan, Jüri Vilipõld and Merike Saar). An author index is included. Individual papers contain references.