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This study provides a comprehensive analysis of global patent trends in battery recycling, focusing on secondary batteries and related technologies across Korea, China, and the United States. The methodology involved collecting data from various patent databases, followed by quantitative analysis to identify technology trends and guide future development. The research employed statistical tools to analyze patent activities, including the frequency and scope of patent filings, and comparative analysis to highlight differences between countries. This study reveals distinct emphases on technologies such as lithium-ion and waste battery recycling, highlighting notable differences in patent activities among key companies and countries. China's large number of patents in battery manufacturing processes contrasts with the USA's focus on electrochemical cell construction and storage systems, while Korea shows significant activity in waste battery technology. The novelty of this paper lies in its detailed comparative analysis of patent trends across these three major economies, providing insights into the technological focuses and priorities of each country. The study also identifies key challenges, such as the need for consistent innovation and broader geographic coverage in Korea, enhancing patent influence and international presence in China, and ensuring high patent quality and fostering innovation in lagging sectors in the United States. Addressing these challenges through enhanced collaboration, increased R&D investments, and supportive policies is crucial for strengthening the global position and driving further innovation in the battery recycling sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of environmental decentralization on the export domestic value-added rate of enterprises using combined data from 2000–2014 from China Industrial Enterprise Database, China Customs Database, WIOD, China Environment Yearbook and China Enterprise Patent Database. The research findings show that the overall environmental decentralization has an inverted U-shaped impact on enterprises' export DVAR, with 94.4% of the sample in the promotion interval. 73.2% of ordinary trade enterprises and 85.7% of processing trade enterprises are in the suppressive interval of the U-shaped impact of administrative decentralization; 69.2% of ordinary trade enterprises are in the suppressive interval of the U-shaped impact of monitoring decentralization, and 85.7% of processing trade enterprises are in the promotion range of the inverted U-shaped impact; 66.0% of ordinary trade enterprises and 86.7% of processing trade enterprises are in the suppression range of the U-shaped impact of monitoring decentralization. In addition, cost markup and R&D innovation as mediating variables are important transmission channels for environmental decentralization to influence enterprises' export DVAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality innovation is an inevitable requirement for high-quality economic development, and an accurate grasp of the regional distribution characteristics of the level of highquality innovation development (HQID) can better understand and simulate high-quality innovation. This paper constructs a dataset of high-value inventions based on the Chinese patent database using textual analysis methods and the criteria for High-Quality Inventions proposed by the State Intellectual Property Office, and explores inter-provincial variability and convergence by using the Theil index, α convergence, and β convergence. This paper finds that High-Quality Inventions are significantly and positively correlated with various indicators measuring the quality and value of patents. In general, the overall level of HQID is on an upward trend with clear differences among provinces, which shows a regional unbalanced but overall rapid development. From the regional differences of HQID, the regional differences of HQID have been narrowed, mainly within the region. In terms of the convergence of HQID, α convergence, absolute β convergence, conditional β convergence, and club convergence exist nationally and within each region, which indicates that the gap between the national and regional levels of HQID has been narrowing over time. HQID has a positive promotion effect on the relationship between HQID and economic growth, economic growth rate, and total factor productivity. High-quality innovation can improve the quality of input factors, cultivate new dynamic energy for economic development, and then promote high-quality economic development. In the context of the shift of IP work from pursuing quantity to improving quality, the scientific understanding of high-quality innovation, the development status, and the differences of regional innovation high-quality development is of great significance for improving innovation quality and efficiency, and effectively supporting high-quality economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the database of green patents of China's A-share listed enterprises from 2001 to 2018, this paper identifies the impact of the province-managing-county (PMC) fiscal reform on the green innovation performance of enterprises by using staggered DID method. The results show that the PMC fiscal reform significantly promotes enterprises' green innovation performance, and this impact is not only reflected in the quantity of green patents but also in the quality. The mechanism test finds that the policy effect of PMC fiscal reform comes from the attraction of environmental investment and optimization of human capital structure. The PMC fiscal reform expands the financial autonomy of county governments, facilitating the compensation and allocation mechanism. Moreover, the paper incorporates the county-power-expansion (CPE) reform into the robustness test to exclude the interference of other policies in the same period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: With the global economic slowdown in 2023, most universities in the central and western regions of China may face the problem of shortage of government financial funding, which is directly related to the development of science and technology of the universities. With the support of the local government, most of the ordinary universities have shifted attention to the transfer and transformation of intellectual property based on school-enterprise cooperation, hoping to seek more commercialization income as an extra source of income. Therefore, this paper aimed to study the current situation of university intellectual property, i.e. the reserve and distribution of transferable patents, discipline distribution of patents, and regional cooperation of university patents. Design/methodology/approach: A patent database of 10 key universities in Henan Province of China from 2012 to 2021 was established. The evaluation indicator model by the Entropy method was conducted to reveal the interaction mechanism between quantity indicators, quality indicators, and value indicators. Based on the data analysis, the development direction of the discipline construction and school-enterprise cooperation for local universities was clear. Findings: The findings indicated that the number of patent applications from ten key universities in Henan Province has been increasing rapidly over the years. The trend for authorized invention patents has remained relatively stable. Compared with the patent applications and authorizations, the growth of transferable patents was notably slow. The significance of strategic layout of dominant disciplines and related high-value patents was not appreciated enough by Chinese government and universities. There was a large difference of dominant disciplines between 10 key universities, and the patent level of each university was directly proportional to the number of dominant disciplines. The university patent level heavily relied on the researchers' contributions and the distribution mechanism of scientific research resources within the university. Guangdong Province and the Yangtze River Delta of China, being economically developed regions, exhibited the most active engagement in patent technology cooperation. Conversely, the central and western regions displayed relatively lower participation in high-value patent research and development. Research limitations/implications: This study can provide a unique perspective to understand and solve the financial bottleneck problem of ordinary universities in the central and western regions of China. The discipline construction and school-enterprise cooperation are just one of the existing schemes, but it still cannot solve the financial problems faced by local universities in China towards the government. Practical implications: The findings of this study can serve as a foundation for further investigation into policies aimed at improving the financial problems of ordinary universities in the central and western regions of China. Originality/value: As an important attempt, the study tried to focus the financial problem of universities in the central and western regions of China based on the evaluation of the current situation of university intellectual property. This research findings are of great value in finding optimal layout between university patents, disciplines and school-enterprise cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology prediction is an important technique to help new energy vehicle (NEV) firms keep market advantage and sustainable development. Under fierce competition in the new energy industry, there is an urgent necessity for innovative technology prediction method to effectively identify core and frontier technologies for NEV firms. Among the various methods of technology prediction, one of the most frequently used methods is to make technology prediction from patent data. This paper synthesizes the frequent pattern growth (FP-growth) algorithm and input-output analysis to construct a new technology prediction method based on the knowledge flow perspective, takes the data of NEV patent family in 1989–2018 the Derwent patent database as a sample, divides the data according to the 5-year standard, and uses the method to identify the core and frontier technologies in the NEV field during different periods. Furthermore, the multiple co-occurrence method applies to analyze the technology layout and evolution patterns in China's NEV field. The results show that the technology prediction method proposed in this paper can effectively identify core and frontier technologies to achieve NEV technology prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As new energy vehicle (NEV) is the future of automobile development, it is of great significance to dig deeper into the technical topics and development trends of new energy vehicles for accurately understanding the technical trends of the new energy vehicle industry, grasping development opportunities, and scientifically formulating strategic plans. This paper takes the patent texts in the field of new energy vehicles from 2000 to 2020 in the patent database of CNKI as the data source, identifies 25 technical topics implied in the patent texts by using the LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic model, analyzes the evolution trend of the 25 technical topics in terms of importance and popularity, and predicts the popularity and development trend of each technical topic in new energy vehicles from 2021 to 2025 by constructing the ARIMA model. The popularity and development trend of each technology topic of new energy vehicles in China from 2021 to 2025 are predicted by constructing ARIMA model. Drawing on quantitative evidence, the study found that there are top five technical topics in terms of importance in this field, namely, Topic 8 (Installation and Fixation), Topic 5 (Heat Dissipation), Topic 14 (Vehicle Data Monitoring), Topic 9 (Charging Pile), and Topic 15 (Damping). From 2014 to 2020, the importances of Topic 5 (Heat Dissipation), Topic 8 (Installation and Fixation), Topic 6 (Electric Drive System), Topic 9 (Charging Pile), and Topic 15 (Damping) are gradually rising. In terms of popularity of technical topics, from 2014 to 2020, the first to fifth topics are Topic 20 (Safety), Topic 8 (Installation and Fixation), Topic 3 (Cable Insulation Materials), Topic 15 (Damping), and Topic 10 (Pump Cooling). Based on the prediction of ARIMA model, it is found that the popularity of these five technical topics is steadily increasing from 2021 to 2025, among which the popularity of Topic 20 (Safety) will increase from 63.58 to 113.07, the largest increase in popularity among all technical topics. The paper provides implications for countries dedicated to developing the new energy vehicle industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the particularity of biomedical industry, it has become necessary for biomedical enterprises to seek innovative research and development (R&D) cooperation to maintain advanced technologies and products in multiple fields. Under such circumstance, the biomedical industry has gradually formed a certain cluster to promote the development of the industry. So far, the biomedical industry cluster has formed in China, mainly within the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei three urban agglomerations. Within the industrial clusters, the frequency of innovation cooperation among enterprises, universities, research institutions, and other relevant organizations in the biomedical area is high, and the capacity for innovation cooperation is strong as well. This paper used the representative cross-section data of cooperative patents from the medical science and technology patent database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), researching the R&D cooperation within the three major urban agglomerations in China from 2008 to 2016 (Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration) on total 36 cities' spatial pattern characteristics of biomedical cooperation and the influencing factors. The spatial interaction model was used to study the spatial, economic, political, and R&D influencing factors of cross-city cooperation. The degree of aggregation showed that cross-city R&D cooperation mainly occurred in well-developed and central cities of urban agglomerations. Econometric results revealed that spatial, economic, political, and R&D bias factors did have a significant impact on the frequency of biomedical R&D cooperation across cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Trade and the environment are two grave concerns of sustainable development in the new development pattern of the Chinese economy. Reducing corporate pollution intensity (CPI) is an essential means of securing economic sustainability, energy conservation, and emissions reduction, and participating in global value chains (GVCs) is a key driver of CPI reduction. Based on the elucidation of the mechanism by which GVC position affects CPI through technological innovation, this paper used the matching data of the enterprise pollution discharge database, the customs import and export database, the enterprise patent database, and the industrial enterprise database from 2000 to 2014 to empirically test the impact of GVC position on CPI. Furthermore, the robustness of the core conclusions was further verified by using the data of listed companies and manufacturing sub-sectors from 2010 to 2019. The main conclusions were as follows: ① GVC position generally showed a positive environmental effect. GVC position could reduce the pollution emissions per unit of output value of enterprises. This core conclusion still held after robustness tests such as replacement of measurement indicators, replacement of sample data, and endogenous discussions. ② The results of the analysis of the mechanism of action showed that GVC position would reduce CPI through the output effect and technological innovation effect. ③ The results of the heterogeneity analysis showed that, under different corporate ownership types, technical levels, and regional characteristics, GVC position had a more obvious impact on improving the environmental effects of foreign-funded enterprises, high-tech enterprises, and enterprises in China’ s eastern region. ④ The research perspective of the article shifted from the micro-enterprise level to the meso-level industry level. The results of the dynamic decomposition of pollutant emission intensity at the industry level showed that the contribution of the resource reallocation effect to the reduction of industry pollution emission intensity was 55.39%, and it was an important channel for GVC position to pollution intensity. To this end, the study puts forward relevant policy suggestions from the aspects of implementing a more active opening strategy, enhancing the technological innovation capabilities of enterprises, and encouraging the coordinated development of multi-type enterprises and regional coordinated development, providing theoretical support and empirical evidence for promoting high-quality economic development in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diffusion of innovative activities has been very fast in China since the mid-1990s. The literature nonetheless suggests that internationally-relevant innovation may have delayed gaining embeddedness in some places, depending on the strategy it was "seeded". This paper posits that different degrees of embeddedness are linked with different local patterns of innovation and investigates these linkages across Chinese prefectural cities. Four research hypotheses are stated, one for each indicator identified in the literature to investigate technological catching up. The empirical exercise is set as an ordered logistic regression of data rearranged from the OECD Patent Databases for the period 1981–2009. The results show that embeddedness is positively linked with innovation that increasingly relies on its own local past and negatively linked with innovative activities more concentrated across patent owners. The evidence of a nexus with originality and technology cycle time is less clear and requires appropriate investigation in future research. At the state of the art, the main hint is that embeddedness is gained where the knowledge paths increase in complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional patent statistics cannot accurately reflect the real development level of technology. In order to overcome this deficiency, this study adopts quantitative research methods to conduct empirical research on global artificial intelligence technology-related patent applications, and on this basis, provides suggestions for the government and enterprises on how to improve my country's innovation capabilities in the field of artificial intelligence. First, this paper analyzes patent application trends, technology application areas and innovation trends using the incoPat patent search database and information visualization tools. On this basis, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index is further used to measure and analyze the patent concentration of artificial intelligence technology patent applicants in various regions of my country. The analysis results show that my country has the largest number of patent applications in the area of artificial intelligence technology, but the proportion of high-value patents is relatively low, which needs to be further improved. Patents in the eastern region are relatively scattered, while patents in the western region are relatively concentrated. The government should introduce policies according to local conditions to avoid excessive concentration and dispersion of patents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal soil pollution severely threatens human health and food safety. This study used PRISMA to systematically review heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation patents in the Derwent Patent Database from 2003 to 2023. A total of 1744 patents were selected. The results of the analysis show that related patent applications are growing around the world. Among them, China has the most significant number of patents, but the layout of transnational patents needs to be revised. Countries have different preferences in transnational patent technology. Technological development is generally balanced, and there is no apparent monopoly. However, the need for continuous in-depth research on inventors is an obstacle to technological development. In addition, the technology in this field is concentrated in chemistry and engineering. Currently, the mainstream technology is soil remediation agents, and thermal desorption technology has also attracted much attention. Future technologies will use new polymer materials and advanced machinery to improve efficiency and control repair costs. In addition, remediation has shifted from the total amount of heavy metals to the control of practical parts. This study summarizes the current status of heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation technology and analyzes future development trends, providing a reference for technology development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is to test the relationship between temperature change and industrial green innovation by combing data of China's average temperature change in cities with green patent database of listed companies.First, the results find that rising annual average temperature can inhibit green innovation. For every 1 °C increases in summer, green innovation reduces by 3.2%, and for every 1 °C increases in winter, green innovation increases by 1.9%. Second, rising summer temperature inhibits green innovation by crowding out research and development (R&D) funds and draining labor. While, rising temperature increases green innovation by increasing environmental responsibility and green venture capital. Third, differences in green R&D difficulty, process and objectives were also compared, temperature change has a stronger inhibition on green process innovation than green product innovation. And rising temperature inhibits green exploratory innovation and promotes green developmental innovation. Fourth, rising temperature increases green innovation in polluting firms as temperature is higher than 21 °C. And it inhibits green innovation in clean firms as temperature is higher than 27 °C. This paper can provide policy implications on climate regulation and promoting green innovation. [Display omitted] • For 1 °C increases in summer, industrial green innovation reduce by 2.1%. • Influence paths include cost inhibition effect and responsibility forcing effect. • Temperature increases green simple innovation and weaken green complex innovation. • Suitable temperature for green innovation is 18°C–27 °C. • Classify green innovation from the difficulty, process and purpose of R&D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of blockchain (BC) technology application in the food supply chain (FSC), a patent portfolio is collected, described, and analyzed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) modeling, with the aim of obtaining insight into technology trends in this emerging and promising field. A patent portfolio consisting of 82 documents was extracted from patent databases using PatSnap software. The analysis of latent topics using LDA indicates that inventions related to the application of BCs in FSCs are patented in four key areas: (A) BC-supported tracing and tracking in FSCs; (B) devices and methods supporting application of BCs in FSCs; (C) combining BCs and other ICT technologies in FSC; and (D) BC-supported trading in FSCs. Patenting of BC technology applications in FSCs started during the second decade of the 21st century. Consequently, patent forward citation has been relatively low, while the family size confirms that application of BCs in FSCs is not yet widely accepted. A significant increase in the number of patent applications was registered after 2019, indicating that the number of potential users in FSCs is expected to grow over time. The largest numbers of patents originate from China, India, and the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Knowledge spillover is a widespread phenomenon among main economic entities of the world. Most of prior studies adopt patent citation data to indicate the traces of knowledge flows. However, patent citation is a noisy indicator in reflecting technology diffusion and has limitation in identifying knowledge flows induced by personal contacts. In this paper, we propose a method for the construction of international knowledge spillover networks by incorporating patent citations with co-inventors information so as to detect the change of network structure induced by social ties of co-inventors and reflect both explicit and tacit knowledge diffusions across national frontiers. We apply the proposed method to a sample of power system related patents granted to Chinese assignees by USPTO during 2000–2007. Our results confirm that patent citation is not an adequate indicator of knowledge flows since it reflects very few knowledge exchanging channel. However, co-invented relationships which provide trace of tacit knowledge flows can complement the patent citation data to produce a fuller picture of international knowledge spillover. The incorporation of co-inventors data helps produce a Sino-American spillover network with a structure changed from extremely loose to loosely-tied in whole but cohesive locally. The cohesive subgroups contribute much to knowledge spillover from U.S. to China and dissipate internally among Chinese firms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Green innovation (GI) is an important means of achieving a win-win outcome in the form of both economic development and environmental protection. Using a unique Chinese Patent Census Database to identify the quantity and quality of GI in each province and panel data for Chinese industrial sector in 30 provinces from 2002 to 2015, we investigated the impact of environmental regulation (ER) on GI in China. This study presents the first attempt to identify green innovation quality in China. Empirical results show that there is an inverted-U relationship between ER and GI. The heterogenous effects are further investigated in order to obtain more accurate policy implications. The results indicate that the impact of ER on GI is insignificant in the central and western regions, implying the necessity of adjusting ER policies in these regions. Second, the inverted U-shaped relationship between ER and GI only occurred in provinces with high state-owned enterprise (SOE) ratio, figuring out the special role of Chinese SOEs in promoting GI. Third, the impact of ER on GI is insignificant in regions with high levels of pollution, indicating high potential of green innovation and policy adjustments there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital twin (DT) can facilitate interaction between the physical and the cyber worlds and achieve smart manufacturing. However, the DT's development in the industry remains vague. This study investigates the global patent databases of DT patents and summarizes related technologies, effects, and applications. Patent map analysis is used to uncover the patent development trajectory of DT in the patent databases of the USA, China, and the World Intellectual Property Organization among European nations. In addition, a nation-based survey is conducted to explore their DT patent trends. Findings reveal that DT fails to form a comprehensively connected technology, which is a typical phenomenon for a technology that remains in its early stage of development. In the present study, the two-dimensional matrix analysis of patent technology and effect exhibits that several patents created a variety of effects and reached saturation. Moreover, several technology–effect domains remain, and DT-related technology gaps exist in a number of potential effects. The DT-related patents are distributed unevenly in various industries. For instance, most of the DT-related patents appear in the manufacturing industry. Furthermore, our K-mode cluster analysis reveals that the DT-related patents are distributed in five subgroups of the three dimensions, namely, technology, effect, and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relatively few studies have focused on systematically mining the patent databases of different countries. This study mines the databases of the main 'technological powers' using several methods. By using descriptive statistical methods, the study yields key insights regarding patenting activities affecting the succession and 'crowding out' of technologies, the 'hottest technologies' and the patent application strategies in these countries. The spectrums of technological strength in these countries are further analysed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), as two principal components are sufficient to resolve over 92% of the total variance. The US, EU and China are the economies that all technological powers may regard as important; similarities in the application strategies used in these countries are thus further investigated. Another extensive analysis utilising K-means clustering is also performed. Except for the optimal number for patent clustering, surprisingly, the top 10 'most important technologies' are identical to the top 10 hottest ones that were previously identified. The knowledge and insights gained from this study are valuable not only for technological development policy makers, but also for business decision makers seeking suitable markets and areas to enter and invest in. Some data visualization and analysis methods are applied for the first time to this knowledge discovery problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)