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Purpose This study aimed to determine whether continual electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) measurements at home can capture the fluctuations in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores between visits. Methods We performed a randomized controlled trial to compare the scores obtained by standard practice (paper-based measurements in the hospital) to scores by continuous measurement of ePRO at home. Metastatic cancer patients were randomly assigned to either the paper-based ( n = 50) or the ePRO group ( n = 52). EQ-5D-5L and EORTC QLQ C-30 scores were obtained on 3 different chemotherapy days in the paper-based group. Meanwhile, scores were obtained on the chemotherapy day and on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 in the ePRO group during 2 cycles. The first hypothesis of our study was that both scores at the same time points would be equivalent despite different measurement frequency, place, or mode of measurement. The second hypothesis was that PRO score–adjusted time would be different between the groups. For equivalence, the endpoint was the mean EQ-5D-5L index value on the chemotherapy day before the outpatient treatment. Only if equivalence was shown, quality-adjusted life-days (QALDs) were considered using all the data. Results The adjusted mean difference in the EQ-5D-5L index was determined to be −0.013 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.049 to 0.022); the 95% CI did not exceed the equivalence margin. Similarly, the mean difference in global health status (2.28 [95% CI: −2.55 to 7.11]) also showed equivalence. However, the QALD by EQ-5D-5L was significantly lower in the ePRO group by 1.36 per 30 d (95% CI: −2.22 to −0.51; P = 0.0021). Conclusions Continual measurements of the HRQOL at home by ePRO may yield more detailed profiles of the HRQOL.

The total/partial oil change treatment can affect the furfural partitioning in oil-paper-pressboard insulation, resulting in poor accuracy of furfural analysis. Moreover, due to the high cost of total oil change, partial oil change is more practical during transformer operation. This paper investigates the furfural partitioning in the oil-paper-pressboard insulation under partial oil change conditions. First, the initial furfural partitioning equation with non-oil change is proposed based on the obtained furfural content in oil, paper, and pressboard. Then, the modified furfural partitioning model under partial oil change condition is established by introducing a correction factor. Moreover, a preliminary correction scheme for the furfural partitioning model considering the influence of moisture and acid is provided. Finally, furfural content in oil-Kraft paper and oil-thermally upgraded Kraft (TUK) paper insulation are discussed, and results indicate that the proposed modified furfural partitioning model is not suitable for the oil-TUK paper insulation. This work can provide theoretical support for furfural analysis of oil-immersed transformers.

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology featuring low-cost, high-efficiency and scalability has presented great advantages in micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) fabrication. However, the limited capacitance of LIG based MSCs is still hindering their further development. Herein, we introduce joule heating as a critical in-situ treatment merged with the assembly of laser-induced graphene paper based MSCs (LIGP-MSCs) toward capacitive enhancement. By increasing heating-treatment temperature from ∼20 to 500 °C, the number of nanopores in LIGP continuously increases, attributed to the gradual decomposition of amorphous carbon components. The resulting joule-heated LIGP (J-LIGP) with improved specific surface area (160.97–533.49 m2/g) and pore volume (0.179–0.553 cm3/g) as well as superhydrophilic surface is highly suitable to be employed as J-LIGP-MSCs microelectrodes. By investigating process dependent performance, the J-LIGP-MSCs heated at 500 °C for 60 min delivers a significantly improved specific areal capacitance (CA) of 13.71 mF/cm2 at 10 mV/s, which is approximately six-fold higher than that of unheated LIGP-MSCs. By further exploring and optimizing the process efficiency, J-LIGP-MSCs with a CA of 12.61 mF/cm2 has been achieved by 550 °C heating for only 5 min. Along with superior mechanical flexibility, cyclability and structural modularity, the proposed in-situ joule heating treatment is finally proved to be a universal approach for consistently enhancing the CA of LIG based MSCs processed under various chemical modifications.

This manuscript aimed to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and ignition properties of bagasse paper when coated with different coatings synthesized from hydroxyethyl cellulose, 1,3-di-p-toluidine-2,2,2,4,4,4-hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane, Talc powder, NaHCO3, cellulose nanocrystal. The effect of these coatings on the mechanical properties was studied by measuring elongation, tensile strength, and burst strength. The stages of degradation and ash residue of the measuring specimens were determined using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), behind that, the ignition properties as the flame chamber (UL/94), and limiting oxygen index (LOI) was measured according to standards. These tests proved that 1,3-di-p-toluidine-2,2,2,4,4,4-hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane has a direct effect on improving the mechanical characteristics and enhancing the ignition properties of the coated specimens compared to uncoated. In this study the physical, mechanical, thermal, and ignition properties of the bagasse paper sheets were enhanced by easy and low-cost method via synthesis of new coatings based on commercially available chemicals in a reasonable cost.

Graphene paper with good mechanical strength, flexibility, and high conductivity is an emerging functional material for wide applications, but its feasible and scalable preparation remains a challenge. Herein, a high strength, flexible, and conductive graphene/polypropylene (PP) fiber paper was prepared by a traditional papermaking process. In the composite paper, graphene nanosheets were well stabilized on the PP fibers forming a stable three-dimensional conductive interleaved network. Chitosan was found able to build a polar active interface on PP fibers and graphene nanosheets, which can not only promote PP fiber dispersion in water yielding a uniform pulp, but also favor the retention of graphene in the composite paper. As a result, the composite paper presents high strength (15.32 MPa), good conductivity (11,995 S/m), shielding effectiveness (31.1 dB), water resistance, fungi-proof, and thermal conductivity (10.17 W m−1 k−1) properties. This work demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale preparation of graphene composite paper with commercial synthetic fibers through a traditional papermaking process, and expands the potential industrial application of graphene materials. Graphene/chitosan co-aggregates were absorbed on the surface of graphene/chitosan/PP fiber under the electrostatic interaction of CPAM to form graphene/PP fiber.

Iron is an important micronutrient involved in several mechanisms in the human body and can be an important biomarker. In this work, a simple and disposable microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) was developed for the quantification of iron in urine samples. The detection was based on the colorimetric reaction between iron(II) and bathophenanthroline and the reduction of iron(III) to iron(II) with hydroxylamine. The developed µPAD enabled iron determination in the range 0.07–1.2 mg/L, with a limit of detection of 20 µg/L and a limit of quantification of 65 µg/L, thus suitable for the expected values in human urine. Additionally, targeting urine samples, the potential interference of the samples color was overcome by incorporating a sample blank assessment for absorbance subtraction. Stability studies revealed that the device was stable for 15 days prior to usage and that the formed colored product was stable for scanning up to 3 h. The accuracy of the developed device was established by analyzing urine samples (#26) with the developed µPAD and with the atomic absorption spectrometry method; the relative deviation between the two sets of results was below 9.5%. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Free-standing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) papers were prepared by chemical reduction, thermal reduction and combined chemical-thermal reduction, respectively. Four-point probe and nanoindentation experiments were conducted to investigate the electrical and mechanical properties of rGO papers. The rGO paper prepared by soaking in L-ascorbic acid and thermal annealing in argon at 1000 °C (labeled rGO-AsA-T) showed superior electrical and mechanical properties when compared with rGO papers prepared merely by chemical reduction or thermal reduction. The as-prepared rGO-AsA-T paper exhibited an electrical conductivity of 5.7 × 104 S/m, showing an increase of 90% compared to that in the thermally annealed rGO paper and nearly 40 times that of rGO paper reduced by L-ascorbic acid. It was also found that the rGO-AsA-T paper had the lowest elastic modulus of 288 MPa, showing enhanced flexibility. The nearly free voids in rGO-AsA-T paper proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were due to the capillary action in chemical reduction and were significant in improving the electrical conductivity and flexibility of the paper. The rGO-AsA-T paper with high conductivity and flexibility has a promising application in flexible electronics.

Graphene-based nanomaterials possess broad applications because of their excellent multi-functional properties. In this work, a facile self-assembling method was presented for preparing one kind of graphene oxide-based paper/hollow microspheres hybrid. It was found that most of the hollow microspheres can strongly anchored on the surface of graphene oxide paper (GOP) by an in-situ scanning electron microscope peeling testing combining with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In addition, the uniform distribution of hollow microspheres on the surface of GOP cannot only provide a better surface wettability, but also can effectively improve the interfacial stress-transfer capability between such hybrid and polymer matrix. Our work provides a guidance for the structural designs of graphene-based nanomaterials and broaden their applications.

We demonstrated the thermally robust reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) papers and their application in electromagnetic interference shielding. In order to overcome the thermal durability shortcomings of electromagnetic wave shielding paper based on rGO nanomaterial, rGO/BNNT electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding paper having excellent thermal durability could be manufactured using BNNT nanomaterials having excellent chemical and thermal stability at high temperature. With the addition of a little BNNT, the durability against temperature can be increased by more than two times while there is little reduction in EMI performance.

The potential of alkaline cellulo-xylanolytic enzymes from non-pathogenic Bacillus subtilis strain was tested for deinking of photocopier waste paper. Cellulase and xylanase play a crucial role in deinking of different types of waste paper. Partial purification of cellulo-xylanolytic enzymes was carried out using ultrafiltration followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The ultrafiltered enzyme was used for deinking the photocopier waste paper along with chemical deinking. An enzyme dose of 0.6 IU/g and reaction time of 60 min for ultrafiltered cellulo-xylanolytic enzyme significantly increased deinking efficiency, tear index (9.52%) and folding endurance (5±2%) as compared to chemical deinking. There was improvement in strength properties such as tear index and double-fold along with freeness of pulp (18%). There was slight decrease in tensile index (0.6%) and burst index (16%) while ISO brightness remained unaffected. Enzymatic deinking (74.3%) by ultrafiltered cellulo-xylanolytic from Bacillus subtilis was found significant over conventional chemical deinking.

In order to obtain a lignin-based adsorbent with low cost, simple operation and no further modification, a calcium lignin adsorbent was prepared from chemical mechanical pulping (CMP) waste liquor by directly calcification from lime. The calcium lignin was characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, FT-IR and solid-state NMR analyses. The results showed that the molecular structure of the calcium lignin particles did not change when compared to sodium lignin, the formation mechanism of calcium lignin was revealed. The initial COD and lignin contents of CMP waste liquid were 54858 mg/L and 24.39 g/L, the conversion rate of lignin can reach 71.36% when was deal with lime. Thus, most of the lignin resources in the waste liquid were recovered. The middle-stage wastewater (MSWW) of pulping and papermaking was dealt with calcium lignin, the COD removal rate was up to 85.83%. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics were well fitted by the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. Lime was regenerated from the used calcium lignin with high-temperature calcination, the conversion rate of calcium ions can reach 83.56%. Overall, the calcium lignin prepared by the one-step method exhibited great potential for effectively removing COD from middle-stage wastewater.

Time-limited exposure of electrode-free optically rewritable electronic paper is essential for applications, but performance characteristics can be modest. In this study we investigate whether imag...

Excellent mechanical and electrical properties of graphene-based paper-like materials are essential for applications in flexible conductors, energy-storage devices, etc. The graphene oxide (GO) supernatant separated by centrifugation and ultrasonication has been used to prepare graphene oxide paper and reduced graphene oxide paper (rGOP) with high strength and conductivity. However, this method has cumbersome steps and low supernatant concentration, which greatly increases time and energy consumption, and is not suitable for rapid batch preparation of high-strength and high-thickness rGOP. Herein, a high-speed mechanical shearing method has been used to efficiently exfoliate graphite oxide suspension into high-concentration GO slurry with large lateral size, and rGOP has been further prepared by blade coating and HI acid chemical reduction. Compared with the product prepared by ultrasonic exfoliation method, the average area of GO sheets obtained via the mechanical shear exfoliation method can reach around 16.31 μm2. As a result, the mechanical properties and conductivity of the prepared rGOP have been increased by 30% and 23.5%, respectively, with the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of 478.2 MPa and 208.4 S/cm being obtained. The developed method is of great significance for the large-scale production and emerging applications of lightweight and high-performance rGOP.

Due to great advantages, such as simple operation, high porosity, and good fiber continuity, the working principle and research progress of electrospinning technology was studied and polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) nanofibers were prepared via this process. Air filter paper was used as the receiving substrate to prepare electrospun nano air filter paper (NAFP). The PVOH concentration, static voltage, and receiving distance, were tested to explore the influence of spinning parameters on the filtration performance. Further, the microfiber morphology of the electrospun NAFP was observed. The performance of filter paper, including air permeability, pore size, initial resistance, filtration efficiency, and dust retention, were tested. The results showed that the electrospun NAFP had better filtration performance compared to the air filter paper, and simultaneously they had lower initial resistance and higher precision filtration efficiency. The nanofiber influenced the surface of the air filter paper, as it sharply reduced the pore size. When the spinning condition was 10%, 21 kV, and 15 cm, the pore size decreased approximately 0.6 times of the original, which meant the electrospun NAFP could capture particles ≥ 0.2 μm in size. Finally, after three repeated uses, the good filtration performance was maintained.

Organic dyes are used in many industries, e.g., textile, cosmetics and food. Hence, contamination of organic dyes to water sources is a critical issue. To reduce water pollution by organic dyes, we propose a paper-like adsorbent with a practical and economical production procedure. Subsequently, a flexible adsorbent was produced using a one-step approach by vacuum filtration of graphene oxide (GO) and iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) containing dispersion through a membrane and quoted as GO/Fe3O4 paper. For comparison, GO paper was also prepared using the same procedure. Both papers were characterized using UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron diffraction X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction techniques. At the steady-state conditions, GO/Fe3O4 and GO papers were performed as adsorbent for cationic dyes of methylene blue, neutral red, and anionic dyes of methyl orange and fluorescein. In general, the removal efficiency of GO/Fe3O4 paper was higher than that of GO paper for adsorption of all dyes and this adsorbent revealed satisfactory adsorption properties for cationic dyes when compared to anionic dyes.

A comparative study of the proximate analysis, fire characteristics, and mechanical properties of the papers produced from pretreated and untreated bagasse was carried out. The bagasse collected was washed, dried, depithed and ground to pass through a 5 mm sieve using an electric milling machine. A portion was pulped without pretreatment, while others were pretreated (acetylation) before pulping and washing. After which different mass (0,2,4,6,8 and 10 g) of potassium aluminum sulphate, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (alum) as flame retardant was added. The proximate analysis, fire characteristics and mechanical properties were determined. Results show that cellulose content increased with an increase in the concentration of potassium aluminum sulphate, while hemicellulose content increased from 24%-34% for flame retarded paper with 0-10 g concentration of alum. Lignin content also increased from 21.3%-63.2% for flame retarded paper with 0-10 g concentration of alum, respectively. Ash content varied with an increase in the concentration of potassium aluminum sulphate. Results from fire characteristics show that flame propagation and flame duration rate decreased with an increase in the concentration of alum, while ignition time and char formation increased in the concentration of alum. The mechanical properties, tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break were enhanced. Conclusively, pretreatment enhanced the properties of bagasse papers produced.

In this study, Taguchi experimental design was used to the optimize operating parameters for the degradation of paper mill effluent using electrochemical (EC) process with two-dimensional concentric aluminum tube electrodes (CATE). For this purpose, four significant experimental factors were used in four levels pH (6–9), electrolysis time (10–40 min), voltage (6–12 V) and surface area (357–624 cm(2)). The process parameters were optimized, through performing L16 orthogonal array of Taguchi technique, for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity. The percent COD and turbidity reductions were transferred into an accurate S/N ratio for a larger value is the better (LBT) response. The study presents a unique method of finding optimum combination of process parameters to illustrate their effect on the turbidity and COD reduction. The treatment conditions for the maximum elimination of the pollutants were second level of pH (7), third level of ET (30 min), fourth level of voltage (12 V) and second level of surface area (446 cm(2)). The confirmation experiment results were within the confidence intervals (CI) indicating an acceptable agreement between predicted and observed values. Based on the p-values, the electrolysis time and voltages were found to be the most significant factors for both COD and turbidity reduction. The findings of research indicated, that the Taguchi method can be used successfully for the treatment of paper industry effluent by electrochemical technique.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an emerging analytical technique for chemical analysis, which is favourable due to its combination of short measurement time, high sensitivity and molecular specificity. However, the application of SERS is still limited, largely because in real samples the analyte is often present in a complex matrix that contains micro/macro particles that block the probe laser, as well as molecular contaminants that compete for the enhancing surface. Here, we show a simple and scalable spray-deposition technique to fabricate SERS-active paper substrates which combine sample filtration and enhancement in a single material. Unlike previous spray-deposition methods, in which simple colloidal nanoparticles were sprayed onto solid surfaces, here the colloidal nanoparticles are mixed with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) polymer before application. This leads to significantly improved uniformity in the distribution of enhancing particles as the film dries on the substrate surface. Importantly, the polymer matrix also protects the enhancing particles from air-oxidation during storage but releases them to provide SERS enhancement when the film is rehydrated. These SERS-paper substrates are highly active and a model analyte, crystal violet, was detected down to 4 ng in 10 μL of sample with less than 20% point-by-point signal deviation. The filter paper and HEC effectively filter out both interfering micro/macro particles and molecular (protein) contaminants, allowing the SERS-paper substrates to be used for SERS detection of thiram in mud and melamine in the presence of protein down to nanogram levels without sample pre-treatment or purification.

In traditional deinking process, large amounts of chemicals are required which makes these methods expensive and polluting. Also, application of sustainable material implies the use of green processes to reduce waste and pollution. Green enzymatic deinking processes are alternatives to those technologies that have negative effects on the environment. In this work, we applied response surface methodology for deinking the electrophotography-printed paper based on a systematic experimental pattern. The individual and interactive effects of enzymatic deinking parameters including time, temperature, and enzyme dosage on the handsheet properties were investigated. Different analyses were carried out to determine the best process conditions of enzymatic deinking to optimize the handsheet properties (i.e., tensile, burst, whiteness, and brightness). The obtained responses of an oven-dried fiber at 45 min, 43 °C and the enzyme concentration of 1 mg/15 g were 12.44, 0.65, 72.20, and 87 for tensile strength, burst strength, whiteness, and brightness, respectively. Measuring the optical density of the deinked handset after printing showed that the printability of the deinked paper is in the desired range.

Virgin pulp is made by splitting up cellulose fibers from the woods by mechanical and chemical process without adding any recycled pulp content. The demand for trees, which are the basic raw material for making virgin pulp, increasing constantly in enormously growing paper manufacturing industry. The paper, which is made from virgin pulp is called as virgin paper and this is considered as better quality paper than the recycled paper. Now there is a need to increase the quality of recycled paper to equalize the quality of virgin paper, to reduce the demand for trees to make virgin pulp. In recycling, dispersive system is responsible for the de-inking process, which is one of the pulp purifying process which removes the printing ink from fibers. Chemicals are added in this deinking process which causes a serious problem by increasing the chemical concentration level of industrial outlet water. In conventional deinking technology, dispersive system is controlled by DCS which is quite complicated to control complex loop of operations. To overcome these problems, the dispersive system operations are controlled by PLC along with sensors which make the process easier and replacing the chemicals with enzymes will reduce the chemical concentration level of industrial outlet water and increases the quality of paper.

An efficient method that utilizes simple techniques, easy operation, and low‐cost production to create flexible graphene‐based materials is a worthy practical challenge. A rapid strategy for preparing flexible, functional graphene oxide (GO) is introduced using GO‐ethanol dispersion filtration. The filtration process is highly efficient and drying time is significantly reduced by employing ethanol as solvent, due to the fact that ethanol is a volatile liquid. Freestanding GO papers can be harvested with ultralarge size (700 cm2), color variety, and writable characteristics. After reduction, N‐doped graphene (NDG) papers still maintain good foldability with improved electric conductivity and porous structure. When used as an electrode for a supercapacitor, the flexible NDG paper device demonstrates good electrochemical performance even with size expansion and extreme double folding. Moreover, this NDG paper capacitor device shows a good electrosorption performance for capacitive deionization of sulfate and chromate in groundwater system. These flexible GO and NDG papers promise potential to facilitate the production of graphene‐based materials for practical applications in energy and environmental related fields.

The work aims to explore a microscopic observation system of paper surface and achieve high-precision stereoscopic observation with detail characterization of paper surface morphology. Based on the DT-400E precision program-controlled three-dimensional translation stage and KEYENCE LJV-7200 two-dimensional laser scanner, the hardware parts of our own system are developed to scan and transmit point cloud data of paper surface morphology to the computer. The corresponding system software will automatically process the point cloud data acquired from the laser scanner and generate the corresponding vivid 3D model and height histogram. This system scans and characterizes four different types of paper samples, allowing the human eye to visually distinguish the differences in surface morphology as well as automatically calculate the numerical differences in paper surface morphology parameters. The results of the applicability test show that the system is highly efficient in acquiring, observing, and evaluating the topography of the paper surface. The system can not only predict the paper surface quality of printed paper, but can also be extended to the evaluation of 3D printed surfaces.

The growth of (bio)sensors in analytical chemistry is mainly attributable to the development of affordable, effective, portable, and user-friendly analytical tools. In the field of sensors, paper-based devices are gaining a relevant position for their outstanding features including foldability, ease of use, and instrument-free microfluidics. Herein, a multifarious use of filter paper to detect copper ions in bodily fluids is reported by exploiting this eco-friendly material to (i) synthesize AuNPs without the use of reductants and/or external stimuli, (ii) print the electrodes, (iii) load the reagents for the assay, (iv) filter the gross impurities, and (v) preconcentrate the target analyte. Copper ions were detected down to 3 ppb with a linearity up to 400 ppb in standard solutions. The applicability in biological matrices, namely, sweat and serum, was demonstrated by recovery studies and by analyzing these biofluids with the paper-based platform and the reference method (atomic absorption spectroscopy), demonstrating satisfactory accuracy of the novel eco-designed analytical tool.

Flexible paper-based sensors may be applied in numerous fields, but this requires addressing their limitations related to poor thermal and water resistance, which results in low service life. Herein, we report a paper-based composite sensor composed of carboxylic carbon nanotubes (CCNTs) and poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide (PMIA), fabricated by a facile papermaking process. The CCNT/PMIA composite sensor exhibits an ability to detect pressures generated by various human movements, attributed to the sensor's conductive network and the characteristic "mud-brick" microstructure. The sensor exhibits the capability to monitor human motions, such as bending of finger joints and elbow joints, speaking, blinking, and smiling, as well as temperature variations in the range of 30-90 °C. Such a capability to sensitively detect pressure can be realized at different applied frequencies, gradient sagittas, and multiple twists with a short response time (104 ms) even after being soaked in water, acid, and alkali solutions. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates excellent mechanical properties and hence can be folded up to 6000 times without failure, can bear 5 kg of load without breaking, and can be cycled 2000 times without energy loss, providing a great possibility for a long sensing life. Additionally, the composite sensor shows exceptional Joule heating performance, which can reach 242 °C in less than 15 s even when powered by a low input voltage (25 V). From the perspective of industrialization, low-cost and large-scale roll-to-roll production of the paper-based sensor can be achieved, with a formed length of thousands of meters, showing great potential for future industrial applications as a wearable smart sensor for detecting pressure and temperature, with the capability of electric heating.

Edible oils form an integral component in the human diet as well as in the industrial preparations. Any adulteration in oil is concerning from nutritional as well as economical perspective. Although analytical techniques exist for detection of adulterants in oil, most of them require sophisticated instruments, and trained professionals. Microfluidic based lab-on-a-chip technologies have rapidly progressed over the recent years and offer promising alternatives in this regard. In this work, we report development of a paper-based microfluidic lab-on-a-chip for detection of palm oil contamination in sunflower oil. We use the paper-based microfluidic colorimetric detection approach that indicates the presence of adulteration in a visual manner. The data is analyzed using digitally acquired images along with ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. The paper-based microfluidic device is fabricated and tested for 10–50% (v/v) palm oil adulteration in sunflower oil. Further, we employ the device for free fatty acid content tests in oil samples. Visual signal acquired from the device is optimized by varying phenolphthalein proportions. The stability of visual colorimetric signal is examined over time and is found to remain steady over the trial period of six days considered in this work. The integration of the detection device with smartphone imaging can prove to be useful for onsite data collection. We believe the approach presented here can be extended to food quality monitoring portable platforms.

There is a relative lack of research on the development of creepage discharge in aged oil-paper insulation subjected to AC-DC combined voltage in converter transformers. In this study, based on the physical and chemical properties of oil-paper, we propose a sphere-plate electrode model to study the creepage discharge parameters and characteristic spectra of aged oil-paper subjected to AC-DC combined voltage. The results show that the creepage discharge inception voltage of aged oil-paper is related to the AC voltage component of the AC-DC combined voltage. However, when the DC voltage component is 60 kV, the flashover phenomenon was found to occur in one of the severely aged samples before the AC voltage was applied. Despite being subjected to the same DC voltage, the flashover phenomenon did not occur in three other samples aged to different degrees. Large-amplitude discharges were found to appear earlier in the severely aged samples. At the same creepage discharge stage, as the aging time of the oil-paper increased, the number of large-amplitude discharges was found to rapidly increase, and the time interval between adjacent discharges was found to gradually decrease. At each stage of the creepage discharge, the small-amplitude discharge has a “hump” shaped distribution. The larger the DC voltage component, the shorter the endurance time of aged oil-paper, and the more severe the damage to the oil-paper. The DC voltage component was found to have an accelerating effect on the development of creepage discharge in aged oil-paper insulation.

Detecting vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), a kind of tumor biomarker, is of significant clinical importance in evaluating the prognosis of patients with cancer. However, laboratory analyses are usually not suitable for point-of-care testing because they are expensive and time consuming. In response to these challenges, we fabricated an origami paper-based microfluidic electrochemical device. To improve the specificity of VEGF-C detection, nanocomposites, synthesized by new methylene blue (NMB), amino-functional single-walled carbon nanotubes (NH2-SWCNTs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), were used to modify the surface of working electrodes. Results of electrochemical detection showed that the immunosensor had excellent linearity, ranging from 0.01 to 100 ng mL−1 (R2 = 0.988), and the limit of detection was 10 pg mL−1. To confirm the high specificity of the device under real-world conditions, we evaluated the device using clinical serum samples from our hospital. The results demonstrated that the device had an excellent performance and could provide a platform for real-time detection of cancers., Sun, Wang et al. report an origami paper-based immunosensor for the electrochemical detection of the VEGF-C biomarker in blood serum. The immunosensor is made by modifying the surface of working electrodes with new methylene blue, amino-functional single-walled carbon nanotubes, and gold nanoparticles and demonstrates excellent performance with a limit of detection in the range of picograms per milliliter.

Eco-friendly and cost-effective materials and processes to manufacture functional substrates are crucial to further advance the area of printed electronics. One potential key component in the printed electronics platform is an electrically functionalized paper, produced by simply mixing common cellulosic pulp fibers with high-performance electroactive materials. Herein, an electronic paper including nanographite has been prepared using a standardized and scalable papermaking technique. No retention aid was needed to achieve a conducting nanographite loading as high as 50 wt %. The spontaneous retention that provides the integrity and stability of the nanographite paper, likely originates partially from an observed water-stable adhesion of nanographite flakes onto the fiber surfaces. The resulting paper exhibits excellent electrical characteristics, such as an in-plane conductivity of 107 S/cm and an areal capacitance of 9.2 mF/cm(2), and was explored as the back-electrode in printed electrochromic displays. Funding Agencies|Digital Cellulose Centre, a competence center set up by the Swedish Innovation Agency VINNOVA; consortium of Swedish forest industries; Wallenberg Wood Science Center (Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation); VINNOVA "EPIC" projectVinnova [2017-05413]; Karl-Erik Onnesjo Foundation

Background: The cost-effectiveness of using a mobile diary app as an adjunct in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in patientswith borderline personality disorder is unknown.Objective: This study aims to perform an economic evaluation of a mobile diary app compared with paper-based diary cardsin DBT treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder in a psychiatric outpatient facility.Methods: This study was conducted alongside a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. The participants wererecruited at 5 Danish psychiatric outpatient facilities and were randomized to register the emotions, urges, and skills used in amobile diary app or on paper-based diary cards. The participants in both groups received DBT delivered by the therapists. Acost-consequence analysis with a time horizon of 12 months was performed. Consequences included quality-adjusted life years(QALYs), depression severity, borderline severity, suicidal behavior, health care use, treatment compliance, and system usability.All relevant costs were included. Focus group interviews were conducted with patients, therapists, researchers, and industryrepresentatives to discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of using a mobile diary app.Results: A total of 78 participants were included in the analysis. An insignificantly higher number of participants in the papergroup dropped out before the start of treatment (P=.07). Of those starting treatment, participants in the app group had an averageof 37.1 (SE 27.55) more days of treatment and recorded an average of 3.16 (SE 5.10) more skills per week than participants inthe paper group. Participants in both groups had a QALY gain and a decrease in depression severity, borderline severity, andsuicidal behavior. Significant differences were found in favor of the paper group for both QALY gain (adjusted difference −0.054;SE 0.03) and reduction in depression severity (adjusted difference −1.11; SE 1.57). The between-group difference in total costsranged from US $107.37 to US $322.10 per participant during the 12 months. The use of services in the health care sector wassimilar across both time points and groups (difference: psychiatric hospitalization and 2.02; SE 3.19). Overall, the patients showed high acceptability and considered the app as being easy to use. Therapists worriedabout potential negative influences on the therapist-patient interaction from new work tasks accompanying the introduction ofthe new technology but pointed at innovation potential from digital database registrations.Conclusions: This study suggests both positive and negative consequences of mobile diary apps as adjuncts to DBT comparedwith paper diary cards. More research is needed to draw conclusions regarding its cost-effectiveness. Background:The cost-effectiveness of using a mobile diary app as an adjunct in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in patients with borderline personality disorder is unknown.Objective:This study aims to perform an economic evaluation of a mobile diary app compared with paper-based diary cards in DBT treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder in a psychiatric outpatient facility.Methods:This study was conducted alongside a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. The participants were recruited at 5 Danish psychiatric outpatient facilities and were randomized to register the emotions, urges, and skills used in a mobile diary app or on paper-based diary cards. The participants in both groups received DBT delivered by the therapists. A cost-consequence analysis with a time horizon of 12 months was performed. Consequences included quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), depression severity, borderline severity, suicidal behavior, health care use, treatment compliance, and system usability. All relevant costs were included. Focus group interviews were conducted with patients, therapists, researchers, and industry representatives to discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of using a mobile diary app.Results:A total of 78 participants were included in the analysis. An insignificantly higher number of participants in the paper group dropped out before the start of treatment (P=.07). Of those starting treatment, participants in the app group had an average of 37.1 (SE 27.55) more days of treatment and recorded an average of 3.16 (SE 5.10) more skills per week than participants in the paper group. Participants in both groups had a QALY gain and a decrease in depression severity, borderline severity, and suicidal behavior. Significant differences were found in favor of the paper group for both QALY gain (adjusted difference −0.054; SE 0.03) and reduction in depression severity (adjusted difference −1.11; SE 1.57). The between-group difference in total costs ranged from US $107.37 to US $322.10 per participant during the 12 months. The use of services in the health care sector was similar across both time points and groups (difference: psychiatric hospitalization Conclusions:This study suggests both positive and negative consequences of mobile diary apps as adjuncts to DBT compared with paper diary cards. More research is needed to draw conclusions regarding its cost-effectiveness.

The paper sludge conditioning effects of waste polyester textile fibers as skeleton builders combined with ferric chloride (FeCl3) were evaluated and the sludge dewatering mechanism was explored. The catalytic effect of Fe-rich sludge biochar (Fe-SB) on enhancing sludge dewaterability was evaluated. Results showed the combined fiber-FeCl3 conditioning significantly promoted the sludge dewaterability compared with conditioner alone, leading to a 77.5% decrease in specific filtration resistance and a 68.9% increase in net yield. The decrease of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) contents showed that the EPS were difficult to extract and sludge floc strength was enhanced as a result of chemical reactions such as complexation processes and charge neutralization. Hence, the enhancement of sludge dewaterability was primarily due to the sludge cake with a porous and incompressible structure formed by fiber and FeCl3, and the rigidity structure of fiber. Moreover, the Fe-SB prepared by fiber-FeCl3 conditioning sludge could effectively activate persulfate to enhance the sludge dewaterability, with water content of dewatered sludge decreasing by 14.6%. The Fe-SB had dual functions of the heterogeneous catalyst of persulfate and skeleton builder. This study presents a sludge recycling method that combined physicochemical conditioning and sludge biochar materials prepared by pyrolysis.

Fine paper mill sludge (FPMS) disposal has emerged as a problem since the dumping of FPMS was banned. This study investigated the effects of adding a refined recovered lubricating oil (ion-refined oil) to FPMS pellets to increase its heating value and combustion time and decrease ash content and ignition time. Fuel pellets were prepared in three conditions, C-1, C-2, and C-3. In C-1, ion-refined oil was added to FPMS to examine its burning capability. In C-2, two types of pellets were produced mixing sawdust and FPMS ratios of 25:75 and 50:50. A ratio of 50:50 was selected for C-3, to which the ion-refined oil was added in different ratios. The quality of the energy fuel pellets was determined using proximate and ultimate analyses, except for chlorine content, which was determined through liquid ion chromatography. The properties of fuel pellets were determined and compared with national standards. It was confirmed that the results for pellets at a ratio of 50:50 with 10% and 15% ion-refined oil were acceptable, because these results were comparatively similar to the standards. Finally, it was concluded that ion-refined oil was an effective additive to FPMS to increase the heating value for energy demand and lower the ash content.

Lightweight yet strong paper with high toughness is desirable especially for impact protection. Herein we demonstrated electrically conductive and mechanically robust paper (AP/PB-GP) made of reduced graphene oxide via interfacial crosslinking with 1-aminopyrene (AP) and 1-pyrenebutyrat (PB) small molecules. The AP/PB-GP with thickness of over ten micrometer delivers a record-high toughness (∼69.67 ± 15.3 MJ m−3 in average), simultaneously with superior strength (close to 1 GPa), allowing an impressive specific penetration energy absorption (∼0.17 MJ kg−1) at high impact velocities when used for ballistic impact protection. Detailed interfacial and structural analysis reveals that the reinforcement is synergistically determined by π-π interaction and H-bonding linkage between adjacent graphene lamellae. Especially, the defective pores within the graphene platelets benefit the favorable adsorption of the pyrene-containing molecules, which imperatively maximizes the interfacial binding, facilitating deflecting crack and plastic deformation under loading. Density functional theory simulation suggests that the coupling between the polar functional groups, e.g., −COOH, at the edges of graphene platelets and −NH2 and −COOH of AP/PB are critical to the formation of hydrogen bonding network.

The research aims to conduct an experimental study to compare the effect of the Deacidification of tracing paper using; Calcium Hydroxide dissolved in Ethyl alcohol; in comparison with that use Nanocalcium Hydroxide dissolved in Isopropyl alcohol. Then; performing tests and analysis to compare between the two materials, in order to select the most suitable one to deacidify archaeological tracing maps at the “Egyptian Geographical Society” in, Egypt. The treatment methods used on tracing paper samples have been assessed after accelerated aging procedures, to study the efficiency of the Deacidification materials, using FTIR analysis (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) to identify the chemical changes in the functional groups of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, by comparing the intensity and regions of the absorption spectrum of their characteristic functional groups, in both the treated and standard samples. Also; microscopic examination was conducted; using Digital Light Microscope, and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); to examine the surface appearance of the treated paper sample. Moreover; the visual properties by using a colorimeter to assess the colour changes that occurred in the treated paper samples before and aging. The mechanical properties of the paper samples were evaluated by measuring the tensile strength and elongation percentage. Furthermore; the quality of the Deacidification was evaluated by measuring the pH of the treated samples in comparison with the standard samples. The Nanocalcium Hydroxide treatment was proved to have a slight effect on the chemical composition of the paper and an improved Deacidification; in comparison to Calcium Hydroxide.

Water-activated paper-based batteries are expected to be low-cost disposable power sources for paper-based sensor applications. In this study, a disposable paper-based battery was developed. The battery used activated carbon powder loaded on a carbon sheet as the anode. The cathode was coated directly on a paper filter to fabricate an integrated proton exchange membrane cathode. Copper (II) chloride mixed with multiwalled carbon nanotube (CuCl2/CNT) was used as the cathode. Water was injected into the anode electrode to activate the battery. The maximum power density of 134. 6 μ W /cm2 was obtained with the anode loaded 17 mg cm−2 activated carbon powder. The power output of the battery is proportional to the amount of activated carbon loaded on the anode.

Weighing paper-assisted magnetic ionic liquid headspace single-drop microextraction using microwave distillation followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was successfully developed to determine the essential oil components in lavender. The magnetic ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate was successfully synthesized and used as the optimal extraction solvent. An aliquot of 9 μL of magnetic ionic liquid could be stably suspended on the weighing paper for long time extraction. The increase of the extractant volume resulted in a significantly enhanced in extracting efficiency of the weighing paper-assisted magnetic ionic liquid headspace single-drop microextraction than traditional headspace single-drop microextraction method. In this experiment, the optimal conditions were 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate as the extraction solvent, extraction time of 12 min, microwave power of 600 W, cyclohexane as back-extractant and sample amount of 30 mg. The developed method was successfully applied to analyze 16 lavender samples from three different harvest years. A total of 39 compounds in lavender were identified and the principal component analysis provided a clear separation between those lavender samples harvested in different years. The results indicated that the proposed weighing paper-assisted magnetic ionic liquid headspace single-drop microextraction is a novel, fast, simple and sensitive microextration technique for the determination of the essential oil components in lavender.

We present a short review of several fundamental results, which have been obtained within frameworks of one trend of the wide spread of investigations, carried out during 1970 –2010s under the leadership of doctor of science, corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus P. D. Kukharchik, whose scientific interests were connected with the study of physical properties of heterogeneous dielectric and metal-containing industrial materials by the methods of holography, holographotomography, digital radiography, microwave and infrared introscopy. In this review, by the example of several base problems, we describe the semi-analytical methods of rigorous theoretical simulation of electromagnetic fields, arising under electromagnetic diffraction by slots in perfectly conducting screens of arbitrary thickness in absence and in the presence of plane dielectrics in the plane and cylindrical geometries of electromagnetic propagation. It demonstrates application of the these methods to simulation of processes of moisture measuring of paper sheet using microwave cavities with slots, which are employed on enterprises of pulp and paper industry.

A novel nacre-like flame-retardant paper based on graphene oxide (GO), and phytic acid (PTA) is fabricated via evaporation-induced self-assembly. This facile method is time saving and low energy consuming. A facile approach is proposed to improve thermal oxidative stability of GO paper by in situ phosphorus doping during flame exposure. Then fire-alarm system is designed based on the high-temperature thermal reduction characteristic of GO. The GO paper functionalized with PTA (GO-PTA) can provide ultrasensitive, reliable and longtime fire early-warning signal. Fire alarm can be triggered at approximately 0.50 s when GO-PTA samples are attacked by fire. Phosphorus atoms are in situ doped into graphene layers during fire exposure, endowing GO-PTA paper with outstanding thermal oxidative stability, and thus alarm duration time of GO is greatly improved. The work develops advanced fire detection and early-warning sensors that provide reliable and continuous signals, which provide more available time for fire evacuation.

This paper presents an improved method for detecting methanol and the concentration of methanol in transformer oil-paper. Acetonitrile is used as an extractant, and methanol is detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Experiments show a linear correlation coefficient of this method that reaches 0.99 and the minimum detected concentration of methanol in transformer oil can be as low as 5.57 μg/L. In order to investigate the relationship between the methanol concentration and the degree of aging of insulating paper, an oil-paper insulation simulation system is designed. The experiment shows that there is a linear relationship between the logarithm of methanol concentration and the degree of polymerization, the linear correlation coefficient is greater than 0.94. An actual oil sample from a transformer is used to show that the method can be used to further study the methanol concentration.

This paper presents preliminary results on the possibility of incorporating stranded macroalgae into the papermaking process, analyses of the physical-mechanical properties of filter paper, with the addition of stranded macrophytic marine algae from Ulva rigida species obtained previously, results of SEM–EDX analyses of filter paper samples, and results obtained from the filtration of a wastewater from the metallurgical industry, using the improved filter paper samples. In the filter paper recipe, stranded macrophytic seaweed of the species Ulva rigida was added at different percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%, and the addition was calculated in relation to the absolute dry material. The physicomechanical properties analyzed are grammage, thickness, density, moisture, ash content, breaking load, breaking length, tear resistance, bursting resistance, folding endurance, porosity, smoothness, water absorption and Cobb60 index. Additional information related to the homogeneity of the distribution of elements in the paper mass was obtained by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX). The addition of macroalgae to the paper mass improved the strength characteristics of the paper, such as breaking load, breaking length, tearing resistance, folding endurance and water absorption. Following industrial wastewater filtration using filter paper with added seaweed, positive results were obtained in terms of reduction of total Cr, Cu, total Fe and Zn concentrations.

As enzymes in the outer membrane of the mitochondrion, monoamine oxidases (MAOs) can catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines in the human body. According to different substrates, MAOs can be divided into MAO-A and MAO-B. The imbalance of the MAO-A is associated with neurological degeneration, while excess MAO-B activity is closely connected with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD); therefore, detection of MAOs is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. This work reports the multiplexed detection of MAO-A and MAO-B using paper-based devices based on chemiluminescence (CL). The detection limits were 5.01 pg/mL for MAO-A and 8.50 pg/mL for MAO-B in human serum. In addition, we used paper-based devices to detect MAOs in human cells and tissue samples and found that the results of paper-based detection and Western blotting (WB) showed the same trend. While only one antibody can be incubated on the same membrane by WB, multiple antibodies incubated on the same paper enabled simultaneous detection of MAO-A and MAO-B by paper-based devices. The paper-based assay could be used for preliminary early screening of clinical samples for MAOs and can be extended as an alternative to WB for multiplexed detection of various proteins in disease cell or tissue samples.

The efficiency of xylano-pectinolytic enzymes, co-produced by a single microbial strain Bacillus pumilus, was analysed for the recycling of mixed office waste paper through deinking and compared with the alkaline chemical deinking method. Enzymes showed maximum deinking at pH 8.5, pulp consistency of 10%, xylanase-pectinase dose of 12 and 4 IU per gram pulp, respectively, after 120 min of deinking period, and temperature at 50 °C. A chemi-enzymatic approach was employed with xylano-pectinolytic enzymes and various concentrations of deinking chemicals, which showed that enzyme-treated mixed office waste pulp requires only 40% chemicals for deinking, in order to get the almost same level of various handsheets properties, as obtained by the chemical method with 100% chemicals. Similarly, the effluent load of BOD and COD contents was also decreased by 17.90 and 19.75%. This combinational approach of deinking significantly improved the various properties of the handsheets and resulted in gain of 7.5, 9.38, 6.33 and 11.65% in tear factor, burst factor, breaking length and viscosity of the handsheets, while the effective residual ink concentration analysis of deinked handsheets of mixed office waste paper showed deinking efficiency of 22.45%, which revealed the removal of ink particles during enzymatic deinking steps.

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in European Journal of Preventive Cardiology following peer review. The version of record Kavousi, Pisinger, Barthelemy, Smedt, Koskinas, Marques-Vidal, Panagiotakos, Prescott, Tiberi, Vassiliou, Løchen. Electronic cigarettes and health with special focus on cardiovascular effects: position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (EJPC). 2020:2047487320941993, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487320941993. Background - Tobacco use is the single largest preventable risk factor for premature death of non-communicable diseases and the second leading cause of cardiovascular disease. In response to the harmful effects of tobacco smoking, the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has emerged and gained significant popularity over the past 15 years. E-cigarettes are promoted as safe alternatives for traditional tobacco smoking and are often suggested as a way to reduce or quit smoking. However, evidence suggests they are not harmless. Discussion - The rapid evolution of the e-cigarette market has outpaced the legislator’s regulatory capacity, leading to mixed regulations. The increasing use of e-cigarettes in adolescents and young individuals is of concern. While the long-term direct cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes remain largely unknown, the existing evidence suggests that the e-cigarette should not be regarded as a cardiovascular safe product. The contribution of e-cigarette use to reducing conventional cigarette use and smoking cessation is complex, and the impact of e-cigarette use on long-term cessation lacks sufficient evidence. Conclusion - This position paper describes the evidence regarding the prevalence of e-cigarette smoking, uptake of e-cigarettes in the young, related legislations, cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes and the impact of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation. Knowledge gaps in the field are also highlighted. The recommendations from the population science and public health section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology are presented.

A laminated paper-based analytical device (LPAD) for histidine detection was fabricated from a chromatography filtration paper and laminate films. Histidine recognition was effected by histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS), and its detection was signaled colorimetrically based on the molybdenum blue reaction. The analytical conditions and detectable concentration range of histidine were examined. The method provided selective quantification from 1 to 100 μM histidine. LPAD fabrication is considerably simple, involving only the craft-cutting of the chromatography filtration paper and laminate film, and is cost-effective.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to study the compressive strength of the partially replaced paper mill waste in cement. Methods/ Statistical analysis: The concrete cube specimen were prepared for compressive strength test. In this study, the cement has been replaced with 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of hypo sludge. The specimens were cured for two different ages (7 days and 28 days) and tested for compressive strength. The quadratic polynomial prediction equation was proposed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The prediction model was developed using the experimental output results. Thus, the prediction model facilitates the further research work to be conducted by researchers on paper mill waste replacement. The rate analysis was also further carried out to show the cost effectiveness of using the waste replacement in cement. Findings: The test was conducted on the compressive strength (7 days and 28 days) of control specimen (0%) and partial replacement of 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of cement using the hypo sludge. Thus, 20% replacement of cement using hypo sludge has shown good compressive strength than the control specimen. The cost of 20% paper mill waste was less when compared to the cost of control specimen. Novelty/ Applications: The compressive strength of 20% partial replacement of paper mill waste in cement can be used in further construction. The prediction model can be used to predict the future compressive strength of partially replaced paper mill waste concrete. Keywords: Ordinary Portland cement; Paper mill waste; Hypo sludge; Partial replacement; RSM

The study is a first investigation of the feasibility to preserve recycled fillers (e.g. calcium carbonate, kaolin) from deinking paper sludge for newspaper production using an alternative approach respect to the actual methods. Deinking paper sludge was incinerated at 575 °C. The thermal stability of the incinerated sludge (ash) was evaluated by infrared analysis. Subsequently, the resulting ash was bleached by sodium dithionite. The particle size of the ashes was analysed by laser diffraction. The effect of recycled fillers on recycled paper pulp, after blending, was evaluated by the analysis of the physical and optical properties of the obtained paper sheets. Analysis showed the conservation of the calcium carbonate and other fillers’ molecular structure, both after incineration of the sludge and after bleaching. The dithionite treatment of the ashes resulted in ISO brightness levels of more than 70. The brightness was stable over one month. Paper sheets made by blending the bleached ashes with recycled paper showed an improvement of brightness and opacity but a decrease in terms of porosity and breaking length compared to paper sheets made without any filler. The proposed method still requires further studies to evaluate the economical application but offers an opportunity for the recycling of inorganic materials and valorisation of the sludge.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of mobile video-guided home exercise program and standard paper-based home exercise program. Methods: Eligible participants were randomly assigned to either experimental group with mobile video-guided home exercise program or control group with home exercise program in a standard pamphlet for three months. The primary outcome was exercise adherence. The secondary outcomes were self-efficacy for exercise by Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale; and functional outcomes including mobility level by Modified Functional Ambulatory Category (MFAC) and basic activities of daily living (ADL) by Modified Barthel Index (MBI). All outcomes were captured by phone interviews at 1 day, 1 month and 3 months after the participants were discharged from the hospitals. Results: A total of 56 participants were allocated to the experimental group [Formula: see text] and control group [Formula: see text]. There were a significant between-group differences in 3-months exercise adherence (experimental group: 75.6%; control group: 55.2%); significant between-group differences in 1-month SEE (experimental group: 58.4; control group: 43.3) and 3-month SEE (experimental group: 62.2; control group: 45.6). For functional outcomes, there were significant between-group differences in 3-month MFAC gain (experimental group: 1.7; control group: 1.0). There were no between-group differences in MBI gain. Conclusion: The use of mobile video-guided home exercise program was superior to standard paper-based home exercise program in exercise adherence, SEE and mobility gain but not basic ADL gain for patients recovering from stroke.

The potential application of graphene as a filter paper for selectively removing cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions is demonstrated herein. A surface-tailored graphene paper was fabricated by the vacuum filtration technique on a microporous substrate to remove two different classes of dyes. A negatively charged graphene paper was fabricated from graphene oxide (GO) solution, and a positively charged graphene paper was fabricated from polyallylamine-functionalized GO solution. The solutions of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) were filtered through the negatively charged graphene paper (GO−) and positively charged graphene paper (GO+). The stacking structure of the GO− and GO+ paper successfully removed the MB and MO mixtures from the solution. The GO− and GO+ paper demonstrated a high retention rate of 99.8% for MB dye and 99.5% for MO dye. The pore size of the paper was found to be less than 7 nm, providing more insights into the rejection mechanism. The rejection mechanism involves the adsorption and electrostatic interaction (i.e., cationic–anionic interaction) between the dye and graphene sheets, which result in the fast and efficient removal of the dye. The GO paper displayed adsorption capacities as high as 311 and 340 mg g−1 for MB and MO dyes, respectively. The results indicate that the surface-tailored graphene paper is a great alternative for the next generation cost-effective filters in practical water purification applications.

The bomb-peak signal preserved in the Arches® cotton paper was used to detect art forgeries imitating the work of Chinese artist T’ang Haywen (1927–1991). The dating of seven legitimate T’ang Haywen art pieces showed that the timing of the paper production was consistent with the artist’s use of Arches® paper starting in the early 1980s. The measured F14C of the paper from the 14 suspected forged paintings shows that the support material was produced in the last decade (2008–2011), therefore the art pieces could not be genuine T’ang Haywen works.