178 results
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2. NAFTA will push paper in Mexico.
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,FREE trade - Abstract
Reports on the effect of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on American paper makers in the Mexican market. Offering of 12-month fixed price contracts; Rise in demand for paper; Producer price index; Forecast.
- Published
- 1993
3. The free trade agreements of North America.
- Author
-
DUJiĆ, ivan
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL treaties ,NORTH American Free Trade Agreement ,UNITED States-Mexico-Canada Agreement ,CANADA-United States relations ,FREE trade - Abstract
Copyright of Medunarodni Problemi is the property of Institute of International Politics & Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Labor Markets.
- Subjects
WORKING papers ,LABOR market ,AFFIRMATIVE action programs ,PERSONNEL management ,EMPLOYMENT of minorities ,FREE trade ,FOREIGN workers ,NURSE supply & demand - Abstract
A list of research and studies on labor markets in North America is presented. It includes "Affirmative Action Effects on Application and Hiring Probabilities for Female and Black Male Workers," by Larry W. Taylor, "The Effect of Free Trade on the North American Labor Market," by Morley Gunderson and Daniel Hamermesh, "An Analysis of the Earnings of Canadian Immigrants," by Morley Gunderson and David Bloom, and "The Changing Structure of Demand for and Supply of Registered Nurses in Canada," by Noah M. Meltz.
- Published
- 1990
5. Paper mills' NAFTA view.
- Subjects
FREE trade - Abstract
Reports on the pronouncement of American Forest and Paper Association head Red Cavaney on the United States Congress' approval of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Importance of the bill for exporters; Optimism for the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
- Published
- 1994
6. In the increasingly global economy, are borderland regions public management instruments?
- Author
-
Brunet-Jailly, Emmanuel
- Subjects
FREE trade ,GOVERNMENT policy ,DECISION making - Abstract
Purpose – The twenty-first-century globalizing economy and free trade regimes in Europe and North America transform regions and their economies. This paper aims to question, in comparative perspective with European experiences, whether free trade, and particularly continental economic integration in North America, impacts the economies, and leads to forms of transboundary governance. It then seeks to complement this discussion by a review of the perceptions public managers have of those developments. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on a review of the literature, public policy and individual interviews, and a survey of 700 private and public policy decision makers. Findings – The evidence presented in this paper suggests that increased economic interdependence has led to the emergence of trans-boundary governance. Public managers and policy-makers view those as mechanisms that ease trade and public policy relations. Originality/value – Contrary to broad assumption, North American trans-boundary policy networks are helping trade relations and facilitate policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Variations on NAFTA's Effects on Transnationalism.
- Author
-
Kay, Tamara
- Subjects
FREE trade ,NORTH American Free Trade Agreement ,TRANSNATIONALISM ,LABOR unions ,COMMERCIAL treaties - Abstract
This paper analyzes the effect of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the stimulation of cross-border relationships among North American labor unions. While NAFTA helped catalyze cross-border linkages among some unions in North America, for many unions the trade agreement did not have this effect. This paper analyzes the variation in NAFTA's effect among industrial unions, arguing that NAFTA was a necessary but not sufficient catalyst of cross-border labor cooperation and collaboration. Using qualitative comparative analysis, I argue that in order for transnational relationships to coalesce, a combination of ideological and organizational factors had to be present, the most important of which are not economic, but rather political. They include autonomy from national governments, and a union ideology and culture that facilitates transnationalism. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
8. Liberalizing NAFTA Rules of Origin: A Dynamic CGE Analysis.
- Author
-
Georges, Patrick
- Subjects
NORTH American Free Trade Agreement ,ECONOMIC equilibrium ,CUSTOMS unions ,FREE trade ,COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
Most computable general-equilibrium (CGE) studies assessing the welfare impact of moving from a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to a deeper form of integration, for example a customs union (CU), typically proxy the integration as the adoption of a common external tariff toward the rest of the world. However, a CU is also an arrangement that allows for the elimination of FTAs' preferential rules of origin (ROO), which is typically not captured in CGE studies. This paper addresses the issue using a multicountry, multisector dynamic CGE model. Although the removal of distortionary ROO is likely to lower the unit costs of production within North America, it may also deteriorate North American terms of trade with the rest of the world. Thus, the net effect of the removal of NAFTA ROO on welfare is ambiguous and is an empirical issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The Two-way Interaction Between Globalization and Labour Market Policies.
- Author
-
Downes, Andrew, Gomez *, Rafael, and Gunderson, Morley
- Subjects
GLOBALIZATION ,FREE trade ,LABOR market ,TRADE regulation ,SOCIAL policy - Abstract
Labour market and social policies both affect and are affected by the process of trade liberalization and globalization. This two-way interaction and the feedback effects are the focus of this paper. The analysis is mainly conceptual—but examples are illustrated throughout, based mainly in the context of labour markets in North America, Latin America and the Caribbean basin. Attention is paid to outlining the mechanisms whereby globalization and trade liberalization affect labour market and social policy initiatives, and the extent to which these pressures will lead to a harmonization of legislative and policy initiatives, and if that harmonization will necessarily be downward to the lowest common denominator. The paper concludes that: (1) the pressures will lead towards policy harmonization; (2) the harmonization generally will be downwards; (3) such harmonization is not always negative as generally perceived; (4) efficient regulatory and social policy initiatives will survive and indeed expand, with the ‘rent-protecting’ ones under most pressure to dissipate; and (5) pure distributional or equity-oriented initiatives that have no positive feedback effect on efficiency, unfortunately, will also be under jeopardy to dissipate, and this is a serious policy concern. Alternatives for addressing this concern are discussed, as are their associated problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. EXCHANGE-RATE ARRANGEMENTS FOR NAFTA: Should We Mimic the EU?
- Author
-
Crowley, Patrick M. and Rowley, J. C. Robin
- Subjects
MONETARY unions ,FREE trade ,TREATIES - Abstract
Following on from the successful launch of the euro in the European Union, a vigorous debate has erupted in both Canada and Mexico as to whether NAFTA should also adopt a common currency. Several other types of exchange rate arrangements are also possible for the North American bloc, and the aim of this paper is to evaluate all of these alternatives. The paper evaluates the full range of possible exchange-rate arrangements for the NAFTA bloc of countries from economic, political and institutional perspectives. The paper identifies ten different exchange rate regimes and evaluates these regimes with regard to economic growth, international trade, economic integration, credibility of the arrangements, institution-building and political acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. North American economic integration and industrial pollution in the Great Lakes region.
- Author
-
Reinert, Kenneth A., Rodrigo, G. Chris, and Roland-Holst, David W.
- Subjects
FREE trade ,POLLUTION ,INDUSTRIAL wastes - Abstract
This paper provides an assessment of the impact of increased economic integration within North America on industrial pollution intensities within the Great Lake states of the United States. It utilizes a three-country, applied general equilibrium model of the North American economy, data from the World Bank's Industrial Pollution Projection System, and employment data from the US Bureau of Economic Analysis to simulate the industrial pollution impacts of North American trade liberalization within the Great Lakes region. The results reflect the liberalization of tariff and non-tariff barriers, their trade and production impacts, state-level shares in the production changes, and the resulting industrial effluent changes. Two trade liberalization experiments show that, in many cases, the Great Lake states account for a substantial portion of the total emission changes caused by North American economic integration. Of particular concern to the Great Lake states are the emissions of the base metals, transportation equipment, and petroleum sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. "All Our Kids Get Better Jobs Tomorrow": The North American Free Trade Agreement in The New York Times.
- Author
-
Goss, Brian Michael
- Subjects
FREE trade - Abstract
Examines several articles in `The New York Times' newspaper from January 1 through November 18, 1993 that concern the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Description of the campaign to legitimize NAFTA; Discussion on the paper's treatment of the opposition; Implications of the NAFTA discourse for journalism and democracy.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Renewable Electricity in North America: Pushing the Frontiers.
- Author
-
Carpentier, Chantal Line and Patterson, Zachary
- Subjects
- *
RENEWABLE energy sources , *ELECTRICITY , *ENERGY development , *FREE trade - Abstract
This paper summarizes work and research undertaken at the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (the Environment Commission of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)) over the past two years. The paper describes industry perspectives (both of electricity production companies, as well as of large electricity consumers) from the three NAFTA countries on what issues, policies and factors play the most important role in the development of renewable sources of electricity. The paper then addresses the barriers to the development of renewable electricity development that have been highlighted by industry, government, NGOs and academics. Specific barriers that are considered include both institutional and physical factors inhibiting trade in renewable electricity and how these trade inhibitions contribute to barriers to the development of renewable electricity. More general issues considered include lack of institutional capacity. The paper then addresses how these barriers could be addressed to help foster a more vibrant trade in renewable electricity, as well as to the further development of renewable electricity in North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
14. Who Benefited More from the North American Free Trade Agreement: Small or Large Farmers? Evidence from Mexico.
- Author
-
Prina, Silvia
- Subjects
FREE trade ,FARMERS ,INCOME ,ECONOMIC competition - Abstract
This paper measures the impact of increasing trade openness between Mexico and the USA resulting from the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA) on the income of small versus large farmers in Mexico. Benefits resulting from higher prices of export goods as well as losses incurred from greater import competition are considered. First, relating NAFTA cuts in trade restrictions to border prices of Mexican exports and imports, it is found that NAFTA-induced tariff reductions decreased the border price of corn, Mexico's main agricultural import, and increased the border prices of tomatoes and melons, Mexico's main agricultural exports. Then, it is shown that the rise in fruit and vegetable prices benefited small farmers more than large farmers; while the drop in corn prices hurt large farmers more. Finally, the results from the regional-level analysis suggests that the effects are stronger in the central states than in the northern and southern states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The cost of unequal integration: an interdisciplinary agenda for its rediscovery in North America and beyond.
- Author
-
de la Reza, Germán A.
- Subjects
- *
FREE trade , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on free trade , *LOGIC , *INTERNATIONAL trade ,NORTH American Free Trade Agreement - Abstract
This paper addresses the need for a new analytical framework to reach a thorough understanding of the outcomes of unequal trade integration, in North America and beyond. To achieve this goal, it was divided in four main sections: the deconstruction of the orthodox argument of free trade areas; the assessment of the contrasting outcomes of NAFTA; an overview of relevant literature; and the delineation of an interdisciplinary agenda. The hypothesis is that the lack of theoretical certainty is due, in parts, to the causal opening of the object of study and to the scarce interaction of specialties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Environmental implications of trade liberalization on North American transport services: the case of the trucking sector.
- Author
-
Fernandez, Linda
- Subjects
FREE trade ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,FREIGHT & freightage ,TRANSPORTATION ,NORTH American Free Trade Agreement ,ECONOMETRICS ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,TRUCKING - Abstract
The paper offers an assessment of the environmental impact of trade liberalization on the cross-border trucking sector in North America. Specific policies in the realm of transportation, environment and trade are investigated with data directly related to the time of implementation that varied across ports on each of the two international borders in North America subsequent to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The data on truck flows, wait times, air quality and trade value are analyzed using econometrics for quantitative analysis. Results show various policies do have a positive impact on reducing air emissions through changes in trucking characteristics (technology, patterns) in particular ports where they have been implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Regional currency arrangements in North America.
- Author
-
Arndt, Sven W.
- Subjects
FOREIGN exchange rates ,MONETARY unions ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,BUSINESS cycles ,FREE trade ,COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
Choosing an exchange-rate regime is largely a matter of choosing the variables that will bear the brunt of adjustment to shocks and disturbances. Floating rates, supported by inflation-targeting regimes of varying degrees of transparency, have dominated currency arrangements in North America, especially after the peso crisis of 1994. Although the member countries have pursued their policy goals without formal coordination, their objectives have been very similar. Meanwhile, de facto integration of the three economies has continued, especially in the realm of cross-border production sharing. The result has been reduction of asymmetries and convergence of business cycles, as well as changes in balance of payments behavior and in the sensitivity of trade to the exchange rate. This paper explores the implications for monetary union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Lo laboral en los Tratados de Libre Comercio entre países americanos.
- Author
-
Valenzuela, Emilio Morgado
- Subjects
- *
FREE trade , *COLLECTIVE labor agreements , *LABOR policy , *INDUSTRIAL relations , *GLOBALIZATION , *CUSTOMS unions , *COMMERCE - Abstract
Within the present day globalization context there are three Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in which the labor issues forma part of the Labor Cooperation Agreement (LCA), accompanied by a text that contains "labor principles" : the FTA of North America with its ACLAN, the Canada-Chile FTA with its ACLCC, and the FTA of Canada and Costa Rica with its ACLCCR. There are also two FTAs in which no labor agreement is incorporated: the United States and Chile (FTAEUCHI), and the USA, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Dominican Republic (FTAEUACARD). In this paper the purposes, principles and labor agreements in these FTA and LCA were analyzed, interrelating them with the principles and norms of the ITO and the labor principles adopted by the UN and the OAS. In the conclusions certain considerations related to the impact of these contents in labor relations were formulated. The paper does not refer to globalization as such, or to the non-labor contents of the FTAs. It likewise did not examine constitutional contents, or solutions to controversies, nor the application of sanctions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
19. CHANGING PATTERNS OF REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE: The Case of Canada Under NAFTA.
- Author
-
Brox, James A.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL trade ,FREE trade ,GEOGRAPHIC boundaries ,ECONOMICS ,COMMERCE - Abstract
Recently, the issue of regional and international trade flows has attracted increased attention. Papers by Helliwell and McCallum have stressed the importance of national borders in determining the nature of Canadian economic activity even when adjustments are made for distance and trade barriers. This article, using Provincial Economic Accounts data, estimates an almost ideal demand system to explain the interprovincial and international flow of goods, accounting for changes in relative prices and other factors that have arisen since the formation of NAFTA. The results allow conclusions to be drawn with respect to the importance of geographical proximity to the U.S. border, the influence of price and income elasticities, and the nature of the industrial/resource endowment mix of the province. The relevant elasticities allow for the examination changes to the internal and external trade patterns and to the differences which have developed in the various regions of Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Neither a Gem Nor a Scam: The Progress of the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation.
- Author
-
Singh, Parbudyal and Adams, Roy J.
- Subjects
COLLECTIVE labor agreements ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL cooperation ,COOPERATION ,FREE trade ,NORTH American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (1993) ,LABOR laws ,EMPLOYEE rights - Abstract
The North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC) is essentially an intergovernmental labor agreement that attempts to promote high labor standards among member states, in light of free trade, without transgressing their sovereignty. In effect since January 1994, the NAALC has experienced mixed fortunes. In this paper, we analyze the effectiveness of the agreement by focusing on its two main components, viz., the cooperative activities and the "complaint mechanism." We find that although the NAALC's accomplishments are modest, the agreement does have the capacity to advance the struggle for labor rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. NAFTA and the Reconstruction of U.S. Hegemony: The Raw Materials Foundations of Economic Competitiveness.
- Author
-
Ciccantell, Paul
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL trade , *FREE trade , *HEGEMONY , *RAW materials - Abstract
This paper argues that conflicting assessments of the impacts of free trade in North America are incomplete because they do not analyse these effects in light of the key long term U.S. goal: the reconstruction of U.S. hegemony that was under siege by Japan and Europe. The declining competitiveness of U.S. raw materials supply systems badly damaged U.S. hegemony during the 1970s and 1980s. The original U S. strategy was to create a continental energy market to reduce overseas oil imports, guarantee access to oil and natural gas from Canada and Mexico, and reduce price instability. The evolution into broader agreements reflected the interests of other U.S. industries and the efforts of Canadian and Mexican states and firms to capture benefits from restructuring. This paper analyses the role continental integration of raw materials industries played in strategic efforts to reconstruct U S. hegemony and the consequences of these efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Trade Liberalization and Agricultural Chemical Use: United States and Mexico.
- Author
-
Williams, Shon P. and Shumway, C. Richard
- Subjects
APPLICATION of agricultural chemicals ,FREE trade ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
To anticipate the likely effects of recent trade agreements with Mexico on the environment and food safety, this paper examines changes in agricultural chemical use. Econometric estimation and simulation suggest that the combined effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), economic growth, research investment, and farm policy are expected to increase chemical usage substantially in the United States and undoubtedly lead to greater groundwater contamination. In Mexico, the expected effects are a substantial increase in fertilizer use but a decrease in pesticide use. Increases in private research investment are expected to increase the use of both types of chemicals, but increases in public research investment in the United States are not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. NAFTA and recycling.
- Author
-
J.G.
- Subjects
FREE trade ,RECYCLING industry - Abstract
States that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is expected to have few negative aspects and many positive ones for the recycling industry in the United States. Exports of recycled products from the United States to Canada and Mexico; Tariff considerations.
- Published
- 1994
24. NAFTA and industrial adjustment: A specific-factors model of production.
- Author
-
Thompson, Henry
- Subjects
MANUFACTURING processes ,FREE trade - Abstract
Applies the specific factors model of production to manufacturing industries in Alabama to examine the pending adjustment due to the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Trends in industrial prices, import competition, and export demand.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The U.S.-Canada free trade agreement and commodity transportation services among U.S. states.
- Author
-
Warf, Barney and Cox, Joseph
- Subjects
FREE trade ,COMMERCIAL treaties - Abstract
Discusses the impact of the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) implemented in 1989. Changing spatial structure of U.S.-Canadian trade; Use of commodity-specific analyses of tariffs and non-tariff barriers; Elasticities of demand; Estimate of sectoral and spatial changes among U.S. states in total, land, water and air commodity flows since 1988.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. How Costly is Protectionism?
- Author
-
Feenstra, Robert C.
- Subjects
FREE trade - Abstract
Presents a paper that begins from a US perspective, examining the costs to both the US and other countries from US protectionism. Costs of US import protection; Effect of an import quota on the US market; US deadweight loss; Quota rents; Foreign investment; When US protectionism affects world prices; Annual costs of US import protection; Trading regions; Trade shares and costs of trade war;Bilateralism or multilateralism; Details.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Trade, agriculture and the environment in developing countries: Discussion.
- Author
-
Carter, Colin A.
- Subjects
FREE trade - Abstract
Discusses the effects of liberalized trade on environment quality. Level of analytical disaggregate; Integration of agricultural and environmental policies; Impact of North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA) and associated tariff reductions.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. TAKING THE GRIDLOCK OUT OF TRADE.
- Author
-
Benedetti, Marti and Kerwin, Kathleen
- Subjects
BRIDGES ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,FREE trade ,NORTH American Free Trade Agreement - Abstract
The article focuses on the Blue Water Bridge in Michigan which is expected to become the fourth-busiest international crossing in North America. The 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement is a big factor in boosting traffic between the U.S. and its northern neighbor. Trade between the two countries is expected to grow by two-thirds, to $454 billion in 2015 from $272 billion in 1995. Some of those goods, U. S. produce and livestock, wood and paper products, machinery and electronic equipment bound for Canada and Canadian chemicals, pesticides and other commodities headed for Chicago, Cincinnati and Indianapolis will be trucked across the Blue Water Bridge.
- Published
- 1997
29. North America: Regional Security Governance in the Making.
- Author
-
Chanona B., Alejandro
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *FREE trade , *INTERNATIONAL trade ,NORTH American Free Trade Agreement - Abstract
Based on the approach of security governance, this paper presents the evolution of North America from as a region guided it by an economic rational, namely NAFTA, to an area in which security concerns have played a more relevant role in the regional agend ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
30. Constructing Participation of the Southern public in NAFTA, NACEC and Mexican non-governmental Access to the Pollutants and Health Program.
- Author
-
Rolón-Sánchez, José Eduardo
- Subjects
- *
FREE trade , *COMMERCIAL treaties , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
The North American Commission of Environmental Cooperation (NACEC) as the environmental side of NAFTA is a paradigmatic example of North-South public inclusion to achieve environmental protection in a free-trade integration project. NACEC includes as members Canada, Mexico and the United States (US). As the membership shows, NACEC represents (in a symbolic sense) the North-South divide and the asymmetries between them: two highly developed industrial countries (Canada and the US) and a third one, Mexico, still possessing many characteristics that place it within the ‘developing’ world. These asymmetries are also expressed in different capacities of their civic groups to engage in the activities of this organisation. There is a need to assess how participation of Mexican non-governmental actors (e.g. industry and environmental NGOs) has been implemented in practice after almost twelve years of NACEC’s existence. This paper engages with this analysis in cooperative initiatives under the Pollutants and Health program. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
31. Business-Government Relations in Canada and Mexico: Creating and Maintaining a Continental Market Economy.
- Author
-
Lachapelle, Erick
- Subjects
- *
BUSINESS & politics , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *FREE trade - Abstract
This paper argues that an analysis of business-government relationships is essential for understanding processes of “governance” in North America. We demonstrate the instrumental role of “big business” in Canada and Mexico during two important moments in the evolution of North American governance: first, in the negotiation of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (CUFTA, 1986-1988) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA, 1991-1992); and, second, in the processes leading up to and during the negotiation of “smart borders” following the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001. We argue that the entering into, as well as the very CUFTA/NAFTA and “smart border” negotiations themselves, and their outcomes, are incomprehensible without a proper understanding of the private sector role. We conclude with some reflections on the implications of our analysis for thinking about the theme of this conference; namely, the North-South divide and International Studies. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
32. NAFTA -- accomplishments, challenges, future directions (thinking with the help of Europe).
- Author
-
Kite, Cynthia
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *RATIFICATION of treaties , *FREE trade , *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 & economics ,NORTH American Free Trade Agreement - Abstract
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the rules governing trade relations in North America underwent important changes as a result of the successful negotiation and ratification of two treaties. First came the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUFTA) in 1987. This was followed by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) ratified by Canada, Mexico and the US in 1993. CUFTA was largely absorbed into NAFTA - alternatively one might say that CUFTA was "enlarged". More than 10 years have past since NAFTA came into effect in January 1994, and numerous observers have begun to reflect over what the agreement has accomplished and how North Americanism can be protected and further developed. These reflections are usually based on a favorable view of both the agreement itself and "North Americanism" and rooted in a conviction that they need to be further developed in order to avoid the risk of stagnation, irrelevance, or even backsliding. The negative consequences of September 11 also highlighted NAFTA weaknesses and vulnerabilities. Finally, and not least, the example of European integration, which has deepened and grown considerably in the past 15 years, has encouraged reflection about the future of North American regional integration. The purpose of this paper is to think about the possibility of increased North American integration in light of what the European experience reveals about regional integration. It is obvious that the European context and experience are quite different from North America, and this often leads observers to conclude that there is little about the former that will help us understand the latter. While I do not want to argue that North American developments will mirror Europe's, I do think we gain insights from studying European developments. A considerable body of theory has been developed to explain cooperation in Europe. I will summarize what it suggests about driving forces behind integration. I also look at the empirical record of European integration. I then compare similarities and differences between the European and North American experiences. I conclude by discussing proposals for pushing North American integration further and whether recent Canadian and US elections can be expected to make any difference in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
33. Multilevel Political Opportunity from NAFTA to the SPP: Exploring the Limits of Citizen Claims-Making Across the North American Region.
- Author
-
Macdonald, Laura and Ayres, Jeffrey
- Subjects
- *
FREE trade , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,NORTH American Free Trade Agreement - Abstract
Across various regions and international regimes, what can be conceptualized as multilevel political opportunity structures have emerged, with non-state actors finding new opportunities to engage in collective action and make claims against elites and ins ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
34. Free Trade and the Erosion of Sub National Government Authority.
- Author
-
Gerbasi, Jennifer and Warner, Mildred
- Subjects
- *
FREE trade , *INTERNATIONAL obligations , *TERMS of trade , *COMMERCIAL treaties ,NORTH American Free Trade Agreement - Abstract
The new free trade agreements are rescaling governance in ways that have critical implications for sub national governments. The nation state is not simply being hollowed out, rather a new governance nexus is forming - of nation states, multinational corporations and international agreements - which explicitly excludes sub national and local government voice. This paper describes the new governance features of the North American Free Trade Agreement and illustrates how they work out at the national, sub national and local scales in the US and Mexico. NAFTA provides the template for the new generation of free trade agreements (WTO, GATS and FTAA). We show how NAFTA's governance structure is undermining sub national and local government authority in legislative, judicial and contracting arenas. Designed to advance privatization of public services, these agreements undermine the very ability of local governments to use markets for public goods by defining traditional state and local governance mechanisms as non-tariff barriers to trade. The contradictions between private profit and public interest appear at the sub national level but their resolution is engaged at the global level between private investors and the nation state. Recognition of this rescaling requires attention to the reforming state and its implications for sub national authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
35. Integración y migración en el TLCAN: hacia una propuesta para superar el status quo de ingobernabilidad migratoria.
- Author
-
Milton Muñoz Bravo, Tomás
- Subjects
NORTH American Free Trade Agreement ,IMMIGRATION law ,FREE trade ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration - Abstract
Copyright of Relaciones Internacionales is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
36. Chinese accession to the WTO: Economic implications for China, other Asian and North American economies
- Author
-
Ghosh, Madanmohan and Rao, Someshwar
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC impact , *ECONOMIC equilibrium , *MATHEMATICAL models of economics , *FREE trade , *EMPLOYMENT ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
Abstract: This paper, using a dynamic, multi-sector and multi-country Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, analyses the combined economic impact of China''s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers on textiles and apparel by the industrialized countries in China and North America and other major economies. The combined impacts of these two policy initiatives are studied in detail on trade flows, real output, employment and investment both at the aggregate and industry levels in China, the U.S., Canada and other countries/regions. The simulation results suggest that China''s real gross domestic product (GDP) would increase by over 2 percent, mainly due to a large increase in the output of textiles and apparel industries. India too would gain considerably in these two industries from the removal of the trade barriers. Textiles and apparel industries will face considerable adjustment challenges in North America particularly in the U.S. and Canada, implying output and employment losses ranging between 20 and 30 percent. However, the output and employment gains in other North American industries will be more than offset the losses in textiles and apparel industries. Bilateral trade between China and North American economies would increase between 15 and 20 percent, but over all economic gain would be modest. Asian economies will also experience significant increase in trade with China and the output impacts are positive but modest. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Would a Borderless North America Kill Canadian Culture?
- Author
-
Dean, James W. and Dehejia, Vivek H.
- Subjects
FREE trade ,GLOBALIZATION ,LIBERALISM ,SOCIALISM & culture - Abstract
The article discusses whether borderless North America would destroy Canadian culture. Discussions are going on in Canada to limit imitation of American institutions regardless of whether they are political, social, or cultural. According to the article, the economists tend to neglect economic liberalization and its link with culture. The economists concluded that the fear of Canada, of being overpowered by the U.S. is unreasonable.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Economic Models and Economic Reality.
- Author
-
Stanford, Jim
- Subjects
MATHEMATICAL models ,ECONOMIC models ,FREE trade ,COMMERCIAL policy ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
This article surveys and reconsiders the major predictions of economic models regarding the effects of North American trade liberalization. It compares those predictions to some of the aggregate dimensions of economic performance since liberalization, with a focus on the Canadian experience. It notes that the decisions by Canada and Mexico to enter a free trade relationship with the U.S. constituted turning points in their respective economic histories. A more balanced modeling approach would recognize that integration can have negative as well as positive economic impacts, depending on the interplay of demand, supply, and structural factors.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. NAFTA as a Means of Raising Rivals' Cost: A Comment.
- Author
-
Sawyer, W. Charles
- Subjects
FREE trade ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
Comments on the paper entitled 'NAFTA as a Means of Raising Rival Costs.' Complexity of complying with the rules of the North American Free Trade Agreement; Impact on competition on the domestic market; Rules of origin in international trade.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. CEC: Decisions on Programme Plan.
- Subjects
FREE trade ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
Reports on the North American Free Trade Agreement's `North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation.' Environmental consequences of increased trade liberalization; Environmental issues in the North American region.
- Published
- 1999
41. Nonuniqueness of solutions in applied general equilibrium models with scale economies and imperfect competition.
- Author
-
Mercenier, Jean
- Subjects
ECONOMIC equilibrium ,COMPETITION ,ECONOMIES of scale ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,ECONOMIC policy ,IMPERFECT competition ,FREE trade - Abstract
Since the publication of Harris (1984), applied general equilibrium models with imperfect competition and economies of scale have been extensively used for analyzing international trade and development policy issues. Their attractiveness comes from their offering a natural framework for testing the empirical relevance of numerous propositions from the industrial organization and new trade theoretical literature. Their role in the recent debates on the North American Free Trade Agreement demonstrates their potential importance in policy analysis. This paper warns model builders and users that considerable caution is however needed in interpreting the results and in deriving strong policy conclusion from these models: it is shown that in this generation of applied general equilibrium models, nonuniqueness of equilibria is not a theoretical curiosum, but a potentially serious problem. Disregarding this may lead to dramatically wrong policy appraisals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. U.S.-CANADIAN TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND ADJUSTMENT MECHANISMS: A SURVEY .
- Author
-
Rugman, Alan M. and Anderson, Andrew
- Subjects
FREE trade ,INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) ,NONTARIFF trade barriers - Abstract
The prospect of bilateral trade liberalization requires an understanding of contemporary work on the adjustment process. This survey of recent models by principally Canadian economists examines the methodological foundations of this research. It is found that the new trade adjustment models are just beginning to incorporate key elements of industrial organization effects such as intra-firm trade and non-tariff barriers to trade. More progress in these areas is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Impact of the Movement Toward Hemispheric Free Trade on Industrial Relations.
- Author
-
Adama, Roy J.
- Subjects
FREE trade ,TRADE regulation ,COMMERCIAL treaties ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,INDUSTRIAL relations - Abstract
This article reviews theory and research on the expected impact and observed effect to date of the liberalization of international trade in the Americas on industrial relations. The effect of the movement toward freer trade both on the parties of interest and on research and teaching in the field are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The impact of NAFTA on US employment: A preliminary assessment of job gains and losses from...
- Author
-
Hashemzadeh, Nozar
- Subjects
FREE trade ,FOREIGN relations of the United States ,MEXICAN foreign relations - Abstract
Discusses the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and looks at the trade relationship between the United States (U.S.) and Mexico. Impact of trade agreement on jobs in the U.S.; Description of the trade relationship between the U.S. and Mexico; What year NAFTA was implemented.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. An Empirical Analysis of the U.S. Senate Vote on NAFTA and GATT.
- Author
-
Kamdar, Nipoli and Gonzalez, Jorge G.
- Subjects
FREE trade ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation on commercial treaties ,VOTING ,COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
Examines the determinants of the voting behavior of the United States (US) Senate on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Description of the main issues surrounding the NAFTA and GATT votes; Analytical framework and data; Constituent economic interests.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET REACTION TO THE U.S.-CANADA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT.
- Author
-
Hogan, Kedreth and Sultan, Jahangir
- Subjects
FREE trade ,FOREIGN exchange market ,U.S. dollar ,CANADIAN dollar ,ECONOMETRIC models ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
In this paper we investigate the effect of news about the advent of the U.S.- Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on the exchange rate between the Canadian dollar and the U.S. dollar. We find evidence that information flows related to the likelihood of the FTA influenced the volatility of the daily spot rate. In particular, information that increased the likelihood of the FTA subsequently diminished exchange rate volatility. In contrast, information that decreased the likelihood of the FTA subsequently increased exchange rate volatility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Trade liberalization and pollution: An input-output study of carbon dioxide emissions in Mexico.
- Author
-
Gale IV, Lewis R.
- Subjects
FREE trade - Abstract
Examines the environmental effects associated with Mexico's participation in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Provision of quantitative estimates of carbon dioxide emissions from changes in the level and structure of production and consumption activity following a liberalization of trade; Data sources and conversion.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Free trade agreements and interregional labor migration: the case of the U.S. and Canada.
- Author
-
Gazel, Ricardo C.
- Subjects
FREE trade ,LABOR mobility ,ECONOMIC equilibrium ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
This paper focuses on the different effects that trade policy have on distinctive regions within a country by modeling the subnational impact of the Free Trade Agreement between the U.S. and Canada using an applied general equilibrium model. This study incorporates interregional labor mobility into the model and, by comparing the new results to those measured in the absence of labor migration, shows the importance of allowing for interregional labor mobility when modeling at the subnational level the effects of nationality of internationally designed policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The NAFTA tapes.
- Subjects
FREE trade - Abstract
Presents excerpts from a transcript of a telephone conference call among more than a dozen senior ministerial aides on Aug. 26 concerning the campaign to convince Canadians of the need for the North American Free Trade Agreement and to discredit its opponents. Call participants; Latest polls on support for free trade; Letters from the left-wing, crypto-communist, anti-free trade, NDP-Liberal con group; The rush of the looney left; Supportive governments; Offering a choice of economic policy.
- Published
- 1992
50. The Mexico-U.S. rag trade rips.
- Author
-
House, Geoff
- Subjects
CLOTHING industry ,EXPORTS ,FREE trade - Abstract
Deals with the ascendancy of Mexico in the clothing trade. Value of its apparel export to the United States; Problem with the paperwork under North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); NAFTA Electronic Forms Collection software package. INSET: A solution to your paper problems?.
- Published
- 1998
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