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This paper examines the possible relationship between religious education and social justice. A consideration of what it is that education in the public sphere should seek to achieve, in a normative sense, is followed by an explanation of how we conceptualise social justice in this paper. This leads us to be able to explain why the relationship between teacher and child or young person is significant and why it is insufficient to conceptualise religious education only in terms of knowledge. Instead, we propose that the teacher's first responsibility when beginning any course of study is to bring the child to attend to their experience and that of their wider community. We argue that curriculum cannot be made in isolation of the context of the child and that education is not something that takes place in abstraction. Rather, it requires the teacher to be attentive to this particular child, the one who is here now, and in this particular place. Having begun to set out the educational position of our argument, we show how this is working practically guided by a Locally Agreed Syllabus for Religious Education: Living Difference IV, in religious education taught in a school in an area of high deprivation in the southeast of Hampshire. UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the ways in which drawing is taught and assessed in post‐16 UK schools and colleges, with a particular focus on A Level art and design courses. Through an historical survey of the development of syllabi and assessment methods, it traces how the role of drawing in the curriculum has changed over the past sixty years. From a series of prescribed observational drawing exercises, the A level exam has evolved into a holistic exploration of each student's creative process, and drawing is now seen mainly as an integral part of that process. The article demonstrates how the art history element of the syllabus has also been gradually integrated into practice, and thus into the drawing process itself. Questions are raised about how these changes have influenced the nature of the portfolios which students entering higher education bring to interview. In short, this article seeks to answer the question: do we now teach and assess observational drawing skills 'through a glass darkly', obscured by other considerations within the art educational curriculum? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author considers the contribution of creativity to pastoral care in education. Since its advent in English schools in the early 1970s, pastoral care has placed the affective realm and individual enrichment centre stage in both its curriculum aims and teaching approaches. These principles have, however, had much to contend with over the past 50 years; from the obtrusive effects of state intervention in schools, to the challenges confronting young people growing up in increasingly complex societies. For many teachers and practitioners, engaging young people in creative pursuits has come to be regarded as a necessary counterpoint to increasingly performative school cultures and an essential means to enabling vibrant forms of positive self-expression. The power of creative activities has received new impetus as a pastoral concern in light of two national trends. The first as creative arts provision in the curriculum in English state secondary schools declines as a consequence of Government qualification reforms, and second as an increasing number of young people are referred to Alternative Educational Provision with mental health issues. As a consequence, many pastoral educators have turned or, indeed, returned to creativity and creative practices as a primary means of supporting and enriching the lives of young people, particularly for those who now struggle in contemporary school environments. In light of these developments and drawing on research and practice in the field of creativity and pastoral care, this paper aims to cast further light on creativity in pastoral education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special section illustrates how learning and teaching in UK higher education reinforces, but can potentially also help to counteract, racism. This introduction provides some context for this intervention and provides an outline of key themes that emerge from the collection of papers. We use these themes to sketch out three guiding principles for the incorporation of explicitly anti‐racist praxis in our learning and teaching within British Geography: (1) Recognise each other's humanity, (2) Say the unsayable, and (3) Experiment with (y)our history. We call for explicitly anti‐racist praxis while conscious of the "disciplinary fragility" that moves to address racism might elicit. It is argued that an anti‐racist approach to learning and teaching in British Geography has the potential to equip staff and students with the tools to help make our discipline, and wider society, more equitable and just. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the past 40 years, a number of terms have been used in the UK to refer to competency‐based pedagogies that focus on preparing students for everyday 'life' and employment. The evolution of these generic forms of knowledge in official curricula has been accompanied by harsh practical realities when it comes to teaching, assessing and certifying them. These practical realities counterbalance the strong support genericskillism enjoys in policy discourses that centre on employability and universalism in upper‐secondary education. By drawing upon Bernstein's sociological insights and data collected and analysed as part of a study that sought to examine the compulsory integration of Communication and Application of Number into the Welsh Baccalaureate Advanced Diploma (legacy qualification), this paper offers new empirical observations into the persistent peculiarities and challenges of teaching and assessing generic forms of pedagogised knowledge. The discussion takes into consideration practical and policy dimensions that extend beyond individual education sites in Wales and are also relevant to the 2017 review of the new Essential Skills Wales qualifications, ongoing developments following the 2018 review of the Welsh Baccalaureate Skills Challenge Certificate, and the Council of the EU 2018 Recommendation of Key Competences for Lifelong Learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practitioner research, as one example of research supported by universities, has developed in unexpected ways, some of them unhelpful and has not always generated the benefits predicted. This paper argues that practitioner research has become shaped more by the needs of universities than by the schools and teachers it was hoped it would serve. The paper goes on to explore the idea that the promise of practitioner research has been so beguiling that it has commandeered more than a wise share of attention in universities and that this has been at the expense of exploring some other avenues of engagement with schools. The paper notes that the evolution of practitioner inquiry has taken place at a time when regimes of accountability driven by central government have been visible globally and when universities and schools each had significant pressures to fulfil policy imperatives. The pressure towards performance has in England drawn the attention of universities and schools away from, rather than towards, each other: schools to revised curricula and performance, universities to research and funding. Practitioner research became developed as a skeleton for higher degrees and in that arena universities came to have a role in promoting and at the same time inhibiting and possibly damaging its development. Hopes that practitioner research would come to contribute to mainstream research were not fulfilled and both educational and more especially practitioner research remain problematic in the wider university research agenda. One response is to renew efforts to improve existing approaches and examples of this are now widespread. However, the paper observes that, at present universities’ support for schools seems to reflect only a small part of their much wider expertise and argues that education departments in universities might think much more radically about the range of expertise that they can offer schools, a more imaginative exploration. The paper continues by noting that the challenge for university departments of education of working together equally with schools and teachers is easy to aspire to, but not to fulfil, and this impacts on working with the authentic concerns of schools and on sharing expertise. Further opportunities are available: beyond education departments: for example, other university departments have expertise that education departments might link with which has hitherto remained unexplored. Additional areas which remain under-researched are the processes of incorporating educational change and in making judgments about educational initiatives. Readers are reminded that the accidental barriers produced by the categories of research, teaching and administration are accountancy categories and may demand creative and determined responses. The paper concludes that there is too much to lose by not exploring these or other wider possibilities and much to gain by doing so including opportunities in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on an undergraduate project, Making:Archives — Narrative Artefact, as an exemplar of collaborative good practice, expanding on its case study in the National Archives and History UK's Guide to Collaboration for Archive and Higher Education. The paper examines the expected and unexpected impacts of the Making:Archives collaborative project for the stakeholders involved: the Institution, the Archive Service, its depositors, and in particular the students. Students have both struggled and excelled in the project, with the most engaged developing a range of creative and transferrable skills that have been repurposed in the creation of work beyond Making:Archives. The paper also reflects on the challenges faced, and numerous opportunities presented, during the co-creation, delivery and evaluation of the project, drawing extensive data gathered from student participants. The project is presented in the context of relevant literature from both the textile education, industry, and archive sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operative and non-technical skills exposure of urology trainees has reduced due to a number of factors, including the European Working Time Directive, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Simulation-based education (SBE) is an innovative addition to clinical experience which can begin to address the skills-based learning deficiency in order to help trainees meet their curriculum requirements and optimise the exposure required for a trainee to become a competent general urology consultant. Surgical simulation is an effective training tool but has a complex implementation process, requiring considerable planning tailored to specific educational targets, to ensure it is sustainable and reproducible. Methodology from the field of implementation science offers an invaluable approach to design an effective simulation-based training adjunct, as exemplified by the example of the UK Urology Simulation Boot Camp (USBC), a comprehensive training course which incorporates core technical and non-technical skills based on the current Joint Committee on Surgical Training (JCST) urological training curriculum to equip newly appointed urology trainees to work as competent junior registrars. Delivered annually in Leeds since 2015, the course has had excellent feedback and results in improving the urological knowledge of trainees, as well as increases in trainees' confidence. This paper will provide a summary of how the course was designed, delivered, reproduced, sustained and evaluated. Its success is demonstrated by its incorporation into the UK urology training programme, and since 2018, it is now recommended to all new urology residents in the UK. The course implementation model would be applicable to other surgical specialties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

abstract In this paper the author argues that psychoanalytic education is enhanced when (a) it attends seriously to the affective, relational and social processes that frame the experience of teaching and of learning, fostering a critical engagement with both, and (b) it engages candidates in exploring what they do (technique) in the context of the articulation of their model of working (theory). The features of the 'teaching attitude' that are relevant to psychoanalytic education are illustrated though a 'teaching case study' detailing the rationale, process and content for a curriculum on the concept of transference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to explore the introduction of a new experience-based learning process in the learning and teaching of human resource development (HRD) within a professionally accredited curriculum in a UK University. Design/methodology/approach - An action enquiry approach is taken, and qualitative data gathered over a full academic year from tutors and students are analysed to examine how those involved made sense of and learned about HRD. Findings - Influences on the experience of an innovative HRD pedagogy are identified as: assessment processes and expectations; relationships and behaviours within the learning and teaching process; the experienced emotions of those involved; and the extent to which students feel clarity about what is expected. Research limitations/implications - The qualitative nature of the data and the focus on one particular UK institutional taught module limits the generalisability; in particular, the experience of full-time students or those involved in courses that focus exclusively on HRD outside of UK are not incorporated. Practical implications - Attention to assessment processes is an essential pre-requisite to any pedagogic innovation, as is effective and transparent team-working by tutors and careful thought about tutor behaviours in settings where experienced emotions and relationships directly affect the innovative process. Originality/value - The inherent tension between the constructivist and exploratory HRD curriculum and the requirement for "performative clarity" in HRD pedagogy is explored. Experienced emotions and relationships are shown to mediate a student-centred and critically reflexive HRD pedagogy, something that is currently insufficiently recognised in much of the literature. The authors acknowledge with thanks the support of a research honorarium awarded by the University Forum for HRD (UFHRD) and the HEA Business, Management, Accountancy and Finance (BMAF) subject centre associated with the project discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context This paper sets out to analyse and interpret the complex events of the last 20 years in order to understand how the teaching and learning of clinical communication has emerged as a core part of the modern undergraduate medical curriculum in most medical schools in the UK. Methods The paper analyses the effects of key political, sociological, historical and policy influences on clinical communication development. Results Political influences include: the effects of neo-liberalism on society and on the professions in general; the challenging of traditional notions of professionalism in medicine; the creation of an internal market within the National Health Service, and the disempowerment of the medical lobby. Sociological influences include: the effects of a ‘marketised’ society on medicine and subtle shifts in the doctor−patient relationship because of this; the emergence of globalised information through the Internet, and the influence of increased litigation against doctors. Historical influences include: the effects of a change in emphasis for medical education away from an inflated factual curriculum towards a curriculum that recognises the importance of student attitudes and the teaching and learning of clinical communication skills. Policy influences include the important effects of Tomorrow's Doctors and the Dearing Report on the modern medical curriculum. Conclusions The paper concludes with a developmental map that charts the complex influences on clinical communication teaching and learning and a brief commentary on the growing body of teachers who deliver and develop the subject today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the ways in which UK higher education (HE) has become increasingly commercialised and commodified in the post-1980s. It critiques the strategies adopted by successive UK governments to reinvigorate the relationship between educational and economic life, and to facilitate a more corporate and entrepreneurial spirit within the academy in line with the pressures of a 'knowledge-based economy'. Arguing for a more critical exploration of teaching and learning within HE, the paper presents evidence from work carried out by the Reinvention Centre for Undergraduate Research, a Centre for Excellence in Teaching in Learning (CETL) which adopts a research-based learning approach to teaching and learning at undergraduate level.1 Within the context of ongoing debates surrounding the relationship between teaching, learning and research in UK HE, the paper advocates a reinvention of curriculum design through an engagement with the broader principles of critical pedagogy, and in so doing, presents a critical engagement with the commercialisation of HE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on teacher education in the English further education sector, where the teaching of disciplinary and pedagogic knowledge is an issue. Using research findings, the paper advocates an approach based on collaboration and informed research to emphasize and integrate knowledge(s) in situated teaching contexts despite working in a climate of competition as advocated by the current neo-liberal government. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper discusses the impact of the increased importance of International GAAP (International Financial Reporting Standards [IFRS]) in the U.K. higher education teaching and learning environment. This change was caused by the increased harmonization of accounting standards during the first decade of the 21st century and, in particular, the adoption within the European Union (EU) of IFRS for fully listed companies in 2005 and other listed companies soon after. After outlining the nature and diversity of accounting education and its relationship to the U.K. accounting profession, we discuss the approaches taken in a range of U.K. accounting degree programs and how U.K. faculty and students adapted to the change from U.K. GAAP to IFRS. The U.K. university sector is divided into "old" universities--those formed before 1992, often referred to as the "research universities," and the "new" universities--those founded in or after 1992, whose main focus is vocational, the "teaching universities." We conclude that despite various troublesome adjustments in terminology, definitions, and layout, for different reasons the different groups of faculty have generally not had to undergo excessive adjustments in their teaching in order to embed IFRS into their courses. We conclude the paper by acknowledging the limitations of our research and with some indications of lessons for others who face the transition to IFRS in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we explore how mathematics department leaders manage curriculum (what is taught), teaching (how it is taught) and learner progression (what results) for 14-19 year olds. The background to the study is a range of national, and international, concerns about participation rates in university entrance level mathematics. Given the recommendation of the Smith Report (2004) that new pathways models be developed for 14-19 mathematics, this paper explores some of the strategies employed, and issues faced, by schools as they seek to maximise attainment and participation in mathematics. Following a thematic analysis of data from interviews with heads of department in 15 schools we look in more depth at one school to see how it manages the mathematics learning trajectories of young people. The theme of performativity is all pervasive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1998 the regulatory body for the National Curriculum, the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, acknowledged that there was 'widespread uncertainty' over the grammar requirements of the English Curriculum. In this paper I argue that the QCA still has not addressed this uncertainty. I analyse the 1999 and 2011 Primary English Curricula, alongside the 2008 Secondary English Curriculum and show that the QCA grammar guidelines lack specificity, with no clear definitions for key terms such as 'standard English' or 'morphology', further compounding the perceived uncertainty. I argue that this directly contradicts the QCA's acknowledgement that younger teachers may not have been taught a standardised framework for grammar in their own schooling, making the absence of technical definitions and clear guidelines highly significant. Although the QCA may be aware of uncertainties surrounding grammar teaching, their guidelines in the English National Curriculum do not provide a clear account of what pupils must learn about grammar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recruitment and retention of teachers has been an international concern for some years. A desire to improve the status of teachers and the teaching profession has been inherent in British government education policy and underpinned a myriad of initiatives, particularly since 1997, designed to enhance standards in teaching and raise the status of the profession. This document reports some of the findings from a study which set out to investigate the perceptions of minority ethnic teachers with regard to their status within the teaching profession in England, and to identify factors that might influence these teachers' status and attitudes to the teaching profession. Specifically, the paper presents the views of African Caribbean teachers with respect to the issues that they believe to be critical to teaching and learning practices and which they perceive to be pertinent to their own sense of status. The paper highlights teachers' concerns about the relevance of the national curriculum to pupils from minority ethnic backgrounds and the necessity for teachers to adopt teaching styles which embrace the needs of an increasingly diverse pupil population. Results from this qualitative study challenge education policy-makers and school leaders/managers to address issues of equity and social reform within the education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bernstein (1996) suggests that we need to engage critically with what it would mean to extend democracy in schools through pupil consultation. This paper explores the ways in which pupil consultation can uncover aspects of both pupil peer group cultures and classroom dynamics that work against fairness, collegiality and a sense of community in classrooms. Often it is the disruptive and the underachieving pupils who are the focus of teachers' concerns. However, the findings of this study suggest that consultation can also reveal the detrimental impact that a fractious, competitive peer group riven with power struggles can have on well behaved, high achieving pupils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactive whole-class teaching is championed by the English National Curriculum and the accompanying National Literacy and National Numeracy Strategies. Inspection of the related literature, however, reveals no corresponding pedagogy, which is also lacking in earlier 'interactive' initiatives. The paper considers how traditional 'hierarchical' perceptions have undermined the 'practical' prescriptions given and neglected attitudinal influences. It argues that this practical deficit, aspects of teacher education and institutional leadership/culture have historically made it difficult for teachers to fully 'unlearn' authoritarian 'transmission' practices which the UK Government recognizes work against inclusion and performance at all education levels. Research undertaken in the 1970s provides a practical model of inclusive interactive teaching, training and leadership and this is considered to be one of three related requirements necessary to overcome the reported implementation failure of an interactive approach. Finally, the paper considers the example of a headteacher whose collaborative 'interactive' attitudes enabled an inclusive learning ethos, increasing accessibility and pioneering routes to widen participation for the traditionally excluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the ways in which successive UK governments have regulated and controlled the teaching profession since the 1980s. Key initiatives relating to curriculum, school effectiveness and individual teacher performance are considered in some detail, because these issues have arguably had the greatest impact upon teaching and learning. New developments in government thinking are considered, developments which may create greater autonomy for schools and teachers in the future. The extent to which these will involve any radical change to the current system of accountability and quality assurance is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the processes of curriculum and teacher development that follow an evaluation of a British University English for Academic Purposes programme. The evaluation is carried out by the teacher using a group discussion technique, as recommended by departmental policy for quality assurance purposes. It generates data that contribute to a constructive discussion in the classroom and, in the subsequent weeks, a process of rethinking core principles and teaching strategies by the teacher. The research data – ethnographic fieldnotes from the classroom and interviews with the teacher and students – document these change processes in relation to the teaching of vocabulary in the classroom. The analysis shows that evaluation is both a complex political process in the classroom and a context for teacher change and development. Thus, this micro-study of a teaching strategy within a programme underpins empirically a claim often made for evaluation and teacher development. It also suggests that such development is deeply embedded in teaching processes, and may not be evident in the reporting of evaluations for quality management purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a global need to expand palliative care services to reach the increasing number requiring end of life care. In developing countries where the incidences of cancer are rising there is an urgent need to develop the palliative care workforce. This paper reports on a UK Department for international development (DFID) initiative funded through the Tropical Health Education Trust (THET) where palliative care staff, both clinical and academic, volunteered to help to develop, support and deliver a degree in palliative care in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of the study was to explore the personal impact on the health care professionals of being part of this initiative.Methods: An evaluation approach using a confidential electronic survey containing quantitative and qualitative questions was distributed to all 17 volunteers on the programme, three months after completion of the first cohort. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content thematic analysis. Ethical review deemed the study to be service evaluation.Results: 82 % (14) responded and several themes emerged from the data including the positive impact on teaching and educational skills; clinical practice and finally personal development. Using a score of 1-10 (1-no impact, 10 maximum impact) 'Lifestyle choices - life work balance' (rating 7.83) had the most impact.Conclusions: This approach to supporting the development of palliative care in Sub-Saharan Africa through skill sharing in supporting the delivery of a degree programme in palliative care was successful in terms of delivery of the degree programme, material development and mentorship of local staff. Additionally, this study shows it provided a range of positive impacts on the volunteer health care professionals from the UK. Professional impacts including increased management skills, and being better prepared to undertake a senior role. However it is the personal impact including lifestyle choices which the volunteers reported as the highest impact. Interestingly, several of the faculty have joined other volunteer programmes to continue to support the international development of palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rwandan genocide was perhaps the most paradigmatic human rights catastrophe in the post-Holocaust era, which challenged the mantra of ‘never again’. Yet as we approach the twentieth anniversary, it remains a relatively marginalised entity within mainstream English education. This paper argues that a study of the Rwandan genocide introduces a number of important issues, which are not emphasised within Holocaust education. It also draws upon a small-scale empirical study of 41 teachers’ attitudes in England, perceptions and experiences of teaching the genocide in a range of disciplines and demonstrates emerging patterns on how it is integrated into curricula and individual lessons. It concludes by advocating the study of the Rwandan genocide in its own right and the importance of students appreciating its contemporary relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: ENT presentations are prevalent in clinical practice but feature little in undergraduate curricula. Consequently, most medical graduates are not confident managing common ENT conditions. In 2014, the first evidence-based ENT undergraduate curriculum was published to guide medical schools. Objective: To assess the extent that current UK medical school learning outcomes correlate with the syllabus of the ENT undergraduate curriculum. Method: Two students from each participating medical school independently reviewed all ENT-related curriculum documents to determine whether learning outcomes from the suggested curriculum were met. Results: Sixteen of 34 curricula were reviewed. Only a minority of medical schools delivered teaching on laryngectomy or tracheostomy, nasal packing or cautery, and ENT medications or surgical procedures. Conclusion: There is wide variability in ENT undergraduate education in UK medical schools. Careful consideration of which topics are prioritised, and the teaching modalities utilised, is essential. In addition, ENT learning opportunities for undergraduates outside of the medical school curriculum should be augmented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like many other UK Dental Schools, Leeds Dental Institute has undertaken a commitment to integrated learning within its new curriculum. From an educational viewpoint, contextualisation of learning presents opportunities for deeper levels of learning. This can be particularly useful in embedding basic sciences in the dental curriculum. The General Dental Council in their document `The First Five Years' endorse this approach to learning. The Year 1 Anxiety and Pain Management course has been designed to integrate basic and clinical sciences, interdisciplinary learning and learning with other members of the dental team. This paper describes the structure of the course, its place within the horizontal and vertical learning themes, as well as describing the response of staff and students to this type of course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides an analysis of Core Skill policy and practice in the UK. The author presents a conceptual basis for re-thinking generic Core Skills within educational approaches in teaching and learning. The discussion looks at whether universal notions of generic skills are appropriate when considering post-compulsory pedagogic approaches to the design of the curriculum. The arguments are framed within wider cross-disciplinary debates in linguistics, the psychology of work and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internationally and historically in the UK, considerable research has been undertaken regarding teachers' pedagogical practices when working with high or low ability classes. Latterly, in the UK, research has focused on pedagogical practices in mixed ability classes. This paper aims to compare secondary school teachers' pedagogical practices in mixed and ability grouped classes and explore whether these are influenced by the extent to which either practice was influenced by the type of grouping practices adopted in the school within which they worked. The sample comprised over 1500 teachers from 45 schools divided into three groups based on their ability grouping practices in years 7-9. The sample included all the lower school teachers of mathematics, science and English and a random sample of teachers from other subjects in each school. Teachers responded to a questionnaire which explored their practices in teaching classes of homogenous or mixed ability through the use of rating scales and open-ended questions. The findings showed that the curriculum was differentiated more in ability grouped classes by content, depth, the activities undertaken and the resources used. The less able were given more opportunities for rehearsal and repetition, more structured work, more practical work, less opportunities for discussion, less access to the curriculum, less homework with less detailed feedback, while work proceeded at a slower pace and was easier. Differences in pedagogy were evident in the responses of teachers who taught both mixed ability and ability grouped classes. This suggests that it is the structures themselves which lead teachers to change their teaching practices rather than their own personal teaching styles. The power of the grouping structures is further confirmed by the similarities in responses from teachers working in schools where the predominant grouping practices differed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent UK House of Commons report on Science 14-19 identified problems with coursework and argued for a greater emphasis on teaching and assessment of scientific literacy. This paper describes a written test for procedural understanding, given to 15 year olds, that addresses both of these issues. Comparisons are made between the scores on a written test of procedural understanding with both assessments made of subject knowledge and pupil accounts of investigations. The potential advantages of assessing procedural understanding by written tests are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United Kingdom, the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists suggests that sociology should be included within the speech and language therapy curriculum. However, in spite of this, sociology is seldom given priority. Although the role of sociology with the curricula of other professions has been discussed, the role of sociology within speech and language therapy has not. Given the contemporary climate of competence-based training, the position of subjects such as sociology is being compromised. This paper sets out three reasons in support of including sociology within speech and language therapy by drawing on the distinction between a ''personal education'' and a ''semantic conjunction'' model of the relationship between theory and professional practice. First, it is argued that sociology makes a valid contribution to an holistic approach to care—which is rapidly becoming the cornerstone of speech and language therapy practice. Second, this paper suggests that the inherent reflexivity within the discipline provides health professionals with an invaluable tool with which to engage in reflexive practice. Finally, it is argued that given the global emphasis on evidence-based practice, the study of sociology and sociological research methods equips therapists to interpret and conduct empirical research. This paper concludes by arguing that sociology should be viewed as an essential component of the speech and language therapy curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estella Lewis's handbook for teachers, Teaching History in Secondary Schools, published in 1960, is examined to reflect upon the teaching of history in the UK during the postwar period, a text that addresses the "problem" of teaching history to "non-academic" children attending secondary modern schools. Lewis's ideas, attitudes, and values towards this question are explored fully in order to show her contesting history education aims, content, and methods. Her work as a history educator, alongside other authors, is significant in the way it sheds light on the largely unexamined discourse on how history teaching in postwar secondary modern schools was conceptualised. Generally presented as deserted and unchanging, the landscape of postwar history education that appears in Lewis's text is a social practice bustling with activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decolonising psychology curricula faces substantial anti-racist inertia and a history of 'using data limitations as an excuse not to push ahead' (NUS & Universities UK, 2019; p.35). We report on a targeted curriculum decolonisation project at a British university. We quantitatively coded the identifiable 'race', gender and nationality of the authors set as reading at the beginning (in 2015-16) and three-years after the project began (in 2019-20). Our analysis revealed no significant change in the dominance of Globally Northern (95 per cent), white (95 per cent) and male (57 per cent) authors over time. Indeed, there were more White, male authors named John than BAME-female and male authors, of any name, collectively. We call on organisational bodies to promote decolonisation as part of course re-accreditation converging with staff's interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical students' perception of neuroanatomy as a challenging topic has implications for referrals and interaction with specialists in the clinical neurosciences. Given plans to introduce a standardised Medical Licensing Assessment by 2023, it is important to understand the current framework of neuroanatomy education. This study aims to describe how neuroanatomy is taught and assessed in the UK and Ireland. A structured questionnaire capturing data about the timing, methods, materials, assessment and content of the 2019/2020 neuroanatomy curriculum in the UK and Ireland medical schools. We received 24/34 responses. Lectures (96%) were the most widely used teaching method, followed by prosection (80%), e-learning (75%), tutorials/seminars (67%), problem-based learning (50%), case-based learning (38%), and dissection (30%). The mean amount of core neuroanatomy teaching was 29.3 hours. The most common formats of assessing neuroanatomical knowledge were multiple-choice exams, spot tests, and objective structured clinical exams. Only 37.5% schools required demonstration of core clinical competency relating to neuroanatomy. Our survey demonstrates variability in how undergraduate neuroanatomy is taught and assessed across the UK and Ireland. There is a role for development and standardisation of national undergraduate neuroanatomy curricula in order to improve confidence and attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Australia, as in the UK, much of the skills debate in research education has reflected a deficit model, whereby candidates are deemed to be in need of supplementary training. In response to the demands of employers and governments, most universities have added employability skills to postgraduate curricula, while simultaneously boosting their efforts in relation to the enhancement of academic skills. Using an analysis of three conceptual frameworks identified in the literature, this article endeavours to reframe the skills debate by developing the concept of 'contextualised performance'. A key characteristic of this relational construct is the enactment of skills in a variety of authentic settings and challenging circumstances. The article concludes by establishing links with literature on curriculum and pedagogy, with a view to enriching discussion around what it means to assess the capability of graduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper discusses the impact of the introduction of a virtual learning environment (VLE) on teaching practices within a new university in the UK, and explores the factors that have encouraged or, conversely, discouraged, the adoption of the VLE by teaching staff, from the latter''s perspective. It is based on findings from the analysis of qualitative interviews with 23 members of academic staff from across four subject areas at Kingston University (KU), conducted as part of a broader research project on the use of VLEs in teaching and learning at KU (2002–2005). It reports on the areas of teaching that have been most affected by the VLE; details the specific ways in which practice has been transformed by the VLE and describes the nature of the adjustments that staff have had to make; and specifies the factors that have encouraged the adoption of a technology such as a VLE as part of teaching on undergraduate courses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article intervenes in recent debates over the whiteness of the higher education geography curriculum. Focusing on UK‐based universities, I examine the why and the white in the question "Why is our geography curriculum so white?" It is argued that the answer is coloniality‐induced institutional racism. I propose that engaging with insights from critical race theory, social justice and decolonial scholarship could help British geography to more effectively challenge racism, and other forms of dehumanisation, in our institutional arrangements and teaching practices. Focusing on UK‐based universities, this article examines the why and the white in the question "Why is our geography curriculum so white?" It is argued that engaging with insights from critical race theory, social justice and decolonial scholarship could help British geography to more effectively challenge racism in our institutional arrangements and teaching practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Otolaryngology is under-represented in UK medical schools. This presents challenges in terms of exposing students to the diversity of otolaryngology, as well as 'showcasing' the specialty as a career option. This study aimed to audit the impact of a change in the delivery of final year tuition on student satisfaction. Method: Participants were final year medical students completing a 2-day otolaryngology placement. A novel teaching programme was developed in response to feedback from students who completed a baseline teaching programme. The novel programme was evaluated over a 10-week period using questionnaires. Results: Fifty-eight participants completed the novel programme questionnaire. Overall, there was a positive impact on student satisfaction. Students completing the novel programme expressed a desire for increased otolaryngology placement. Conclusion: This approach is an effective means of teaching otolaryngology to undergraduates. A mutual desire for greater exposure to otolaryngology in the undergraduate curriculum is held by medical students and otolaryngologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: ENT is highly under-represented in the saturated UK medical school curriculum, comprising less than 1 per cent of the curriculum. A 1-day course was implemented in order to raise awareness of ENT among medical students, educate them in the specialty and teach a basic skill. Methods: The skills day comprised lectures by consultants followed by a consultant-led workshop teaching tracheostomy. Pre- and post-course questionnaires assessed perceptions of ENT, confidence performing tracheostomy and interest in ENT as a career. Results: Perceptions of ENT as a specialty were improved by up to 80 per cent (p < 0.01). There was improved understanding of and confidence in performing tracheostomies. Interest in a career in ENT was increased by 77 per cent (p < 0.01). Conclusion: A 1-day course run by a student body can be a powerful adjunct to the medical school curriculum, in terms of educating undergraduates in ENT and inspiring the pursuit of ENT as a career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report is drawn from a project funded to better support the teachers of quantitative methods in UK social science. In it we identify the types of quantitative methods taught in the geography curricula for UK schools and universities, and discuss attitudes towards those methods amongst students and teachers. We argue that geography has benefitted from its position at the intersection of the sciences, social sciences and humanities, retaining a quantitative component. Consequently, levels of basic numeracy and data handling have remained relatively high, leaving the discipline well placed to respond to the call for greater quantitative training within the social sciences in the UK. However, we also suspect that the typical levels of quantitative training in university human geography courses are not sufficiently high to compete on the international stage. As the title suggests, our report is focused on geography. However we raise issues germane to other disciplines including what actually we mean by quantitative methods, what should be taught in a twenty-first century curriculum, how to meaningfully embed those methods in the substantive themes and teaching of a discipline, and whether more should be expected as a minimum standard of quantitative competence than the existing Quality Assurance Agency benchmarks require. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use is a common feature of modern social work practice. Concerns about the problematic use of such substances cross all areas of social work practice, including adults' and children's social care. In England, surveys have highlighted social workers' experiences of AOD education during their qualifying social work training. However, this study sought the perspectives of the social work educators. Its primary aim was to explore the nature and extent of education on AODs on the qualifying social work programmes in England. Using an online survey tool, all qualifying social work programme leads were invited to take part (n = 157). Fewer than half responded (40%,n = 63). Initial findings appeared positive suggesting that 94% of responding qualifying programmes provided some teaching and learning on AODs. Further analysis revealed significant variation in what is taught and the depth of coverage. It highlighted a lack of consistency across programmes and possible over-reporting. However, the majority of respondents felt that teaching and learning on AOD use should be a higher priority for their qualifying social work programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We examine how UK universities view different topics within supply-chain management as seen in their research output and their postgraduate curricula and whether this view matches the relative emphasis on these aspects by UK-based employers when hiring. Using content analysis, we analysed: (1) UK-based supply-chain/logistics job advertisements, (2) abstracts of research articles by UK academics in supply-chain/logistics journals, and (3) the description of the postgraduate-level supply-chain/logistics degrees in UK universities. Our findings show that the overall research output of UK universities is broadly in line with employers’ needs with regards to the relative emphasis on different supply-chain topics. However, their relative emphasis on these topics in their teaching programmes is quite different. We suggest that universities need to look into their provision of academic programmes in relation to employers’ needs and need to look into how to leverage their research output better for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The history education community's efforts to help pupils distinguish between the discipline of history and rawer forms of collective memory have been beset with problems from inside and outside the education community. From without, teachers face criticism for their supposed failure to foster narrowly celebratory versions of Britain's past; from within, pressure to reduce history to generic 'skills' of the 'new cross-curricularity', apparently in the interests of relevance, utility or engagement. This article will argue that such genericism is, first, redundant, in that it adds nothing to strong disciplinary practice in fostering thinking, reflection, criticality and motivation; and, second, inadequate: disciplinary knowledge and concepts are necessary in order to reach or challenge claims about the past. The argument is built from history teachers' discourse about their own efforts to find out how to make disciplinary history work at the pedagogic site. The article examines history teacher efforts to address complex problems of uniting content and concept and of motivating lower-attaining or marginalised students whom others (variously) claim can be helped only by narrow narratives or by giving up on disciplinary rigour altogether. The story of history teacher efforts contains valuable lessons for curriculum reviewers about the potential of strong classificatory framing for emancipatory and engaging learning. The article argues that any improvement of the existing Key Stage 3 curriculum is pointless, however, unless wider cultural and structural problems impeding lower-attaining students' entitlement to the subject are resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the extent to which aspiring entrants to the performing arts industry have to develop both the forms of vocational practice employers require and social capital to enable them to operate effectively in external labour markets (i.e. contract-based and networked-generated work). It focuses on the work of one college — the WAC Performing Arts and Media College — that has developed and designed together with industry partners a programme to help aspiring entrants to enter the performing arts industry. Concepts from social capital and situated learning theory are used to illustrate the way in which WAC: (i) has accumulated the expertise and networks over the years to create an integrated learning-teaching curriculum; (ii) uses this curriculum to develop participants' vocational practice and social capital and thus position them to make effective transitions into the performing arts' notoriously tricky labour market. It concludes by highlighting the implications of this analysis for UK education and training policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment is critical to support and align learning and teaching within the curriculum. Yet our understanding of the many layers of assessment is still incomplete. This article examines some of the differences between critical elements of assessment terminology across the compulsory and higher education sectors in the anglophone world, more specifically in the United Kingdom. Highlighting these differences is important, so that we are able to make informed pedagogical decisions. This article signals that there is much to do in the area of assessment to arrive at a clearer understanding of recent developments within each sector. This is necessary if academics' expertise can be used across sector divides. By highlighting these differences, it is possible to address misunderstandings to fulfil the role of assessment adequately in supporting learning and teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to ascertain knowledge on current teaching of implant dentistry in the undergraduate curriculum of Dental Schools in the UK. Information on the teaching modalities, including year of introduction of implant dentistry into undergraduate curriculum, departments involved in teaching, format of teaching, use of adjunctive teaching aids, and types of implant systems used in undergraduate teaching was collected by means of a questionnaire, which was sent to all undergraduate dental schools in the UK. Based on a 100% response rate, the findings indicate that all dental schools in the UK reported that they included dental implantology in their undergraduate curriculum; however there were marked variations in the content and delivery of the teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this scoping study we have investigated the integration of subject-specific software into the structure of visual communications courses. There is a view that the response within visual communications courses to the rapid developments in technology has been linked to necessity rather than by design. Through perceptions of staff with day-to-day experience of the issues arising from the incorporation of such technology, we were able to construct an account of potential directions. There is a necessity for continual review of course content to ensure that training in software is embedded in the creative aspects of the curriculum in order to maximise the potential of new technology, maintain currency and future-proof the curriculum. We argue that curriculum developers in visual communications need to incorporate appropriate hardware and software within the studio environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we discuss some challenges confronting teachers in higher education when responding to the needs of international students. It is argued that curriculum design within mainstream courses is a key tool to embed language and learning skills in course content, and so foreground those elements that can promote students' familiarisation with, and adjustment to, study in the UK. Such an approach to curriculum design, we contend, arises out of revisiting and emphasising teaching and learning as social constructions. The experience of working with one specific course is used to illustrate our case, and to particularly illustrate the specific ways in which the conceptualisation of teaching and learning can shape practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The demonstration of appropriate attitudinal behaviour is crucial in the professional development of doctors. This study explores the experiences of UK medical schools in developing and assessing the behaviour associated with the attitudes of undergraduate medical students. Methods A qualitative in-depth interview study was based on a questionnaire survey of all UK medical schools. Six heads of medical schools or their nominated representatives were interviewed. Outcome measures were the perceptions and experiences of developing and assessing appropriate attitudes and behaviour in their undergraduate students. Results Aspects of the hidden curriculum, especially the negative role modelling encountered during clinical practice, were seen to undermine the attitudinal messages of the formal curriculum. Some participants believed that students could still qualify as doctors despite having inappropriate attitudes or behaviour. Others felt certain that this was now unlikely in their school, and this confidence seemed to be backed up with the knowledge that strategies, systems and structures were in place to detect and act upon poor behaviour. Discussion The conviction that it is right to assess students on their attitudinal behaviour does not yet appear to be held consistently across all schools and we suggest that this may reflect some fundamental tensions arising from differing views about the essential elements of good medical practice, tensions that are also shaping the hidden curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the suggestion of England and Wales that geography teachers need to re-engage with their subject matter to enable to improve their teaching in geography in Great Britain. It requires a detailed understanding of how teachers use their subject matter. It also outlines how two geography teachers experience tension between how they understand geography at an academic level and the ways they prefer to teach it. Furthermore, it shows that these teachers have an active relationship with their subject to develop curricula in line with their values about geography.